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Nurses and nurse leaders play a key role in healthcare digitalisation. While the volume of nursing leadership research has increased dramatically, empirical research on e-leadership in nursing remains limited. We believe this is the first systematic review of e-leadership among nurse leaders. Our purpose is to synthesise and describe existing research knowledge on e-leadership in nursing and to identify gaps in research knowledge. We conducted a systematic literature review guided by the framework suggested by Holly et al. (2017). We searched the CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Business Source Premier and Medic databases. The search yielded 1,968 records. We excluded 656 duplicates and 1,125 records by reference to the title and read 187 abstracts. We read 51 full texts, resulting in 12 records; we screened the reference lists of each of those and detected one more relevant record. The review includes 13 studies. Qualitative content analysis was utilised to analyse the data, leading to three main themes being identified: i) interpersonal relationships, ii) e-leadership and coping and iii) readiness for e-leadership and remote work. The main themes incorporated 12 sub-themes. The paper concludes by presenting several practical implications for nurse leaders and their organisations. The findings indicate a readiness for e-leadership among nurse leaders and for remote work among employees. There are several advantages but also many disadvantages regarding e-leadership in nursing. Nurse leaders need sufficient training in e-leadership as digitalisation is progressing in healthcare.

The EU’s influence on national forest policies is growing, and the implementation of forest-related policies proposed by the Commission will affect the practice of forestry in Europe. For instance, the Nature Restoration Law sets concrete areal goals for restoring forest ecosystems and for conservation, the Deforestation Regulation requires meticulous tracking of wood’s origin, and the renewed Renewable Energy Directive (RED III) sets new criteria to sustainable forest biomass procurement. So far there have been no studies that have looked into the impacts from the economic and operational point of view. In this study, structural systems analysis was first performed to discover the relevant variables (and their functioning) associated with the roundwood harvesting operations and the operating environment. A scenario approach was then applied to capture the potential levels of implementation of the EU’s forest-related policies. Finally, using different scenarios (low-, moderate- and high-impact) and a systems analysis framework, the impact of alternative levels of implementation was quantified in terms of harvesting costs, measured in € m–3. The results indicate that with the low- and moderate-impact scenarios the harvesting costs would increase by less than 10% from the current levels in three different regions in Finland. Such an increase (less than 10%) could be tolerated over a period of a few years, but a sudden increase is likely to lead to challenges to the running of businesses. With the high-impact scenario the harvesting costs would increase by between 15% and 18%, depending on the region. This magnitude of increase (of approximately a sixth) corresponds to a severe change in the roundwood harvesting operations and operating environment.

Abstract In this single‐center study, we aimed to describe the characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) following treatment with bortezomib, carfilzomib, daratumumab, ixazomib, lenalidomide or pomalidomide‐based regimens. Data were collected retrospectively from a study cohort of patients receiving a MM treatment in the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS) in Finland between 2016–2020. In total, 472 patients were included in the study. Median age was 68.2 years and nearly 25% had a high cytogenetic risk according to the International Myeloma Working Group categorization. In 2018–2020, the spectrum of regimens used as third‐ or later‐line therapy was notably broader than in 2016–2017. The overall response rates for patients who received the most novel regimens (available ≤ 5 years) in second or third line of therapy (n = 67/430) and fourth line or later (n = 78/151) were 53.3% and 25.0%, respectively. In this real‐world MM patient cohort, the response rates for these novel agents were lower compared to those reported in clinical trials. Given the higher cytogenetic risk profile and more advanced disease stage at the time when treated with novel agents, patients could have benefited from effective novel therapies earlier in their treatment pathway. What is the NEW aspect of your work? (ONE sentence) This study characterized the treatment of Finnish multiple myeloma patients during the era of most novel therapies (after 2016) and also included information on the cytogenetic risk profile of this real‐world population. What is the CENTRAL finding of your work? (ONE sentence) There are clear differences between real‐world populations treated with most novel combinations and those of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which is reflected by the poorer treatment outcomes in the real‐world setting. What is (or could be) the SPECIFIC clinical relevance of your work? (ONE sentence) Given the high cytogenetic risk profile and advanced disease stage at the time when treated with novel agents, patients could have benefited from effective novel therapies earlier in their treatment pathway.

Introduction: Subjective cognitive complaints are common in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), yet their correspondence to informant evaluations, objective cognitive functions and severity of brain changes are poorly understood. We studied the associations of subjective and informant reports of cognitive difficulties (executive functions and memory) with findings from a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and brain MRI (white matter hyperintensities, WMH volume) as well as depressive symptoms and functional abilities (instrumental activities of daily living, IADL). Methods: In the Helsinki SVD Study, 152 older adults with varying degrees of WMH but without stroke or dementia were classified as having normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on Jak/Bondi neuropsychological criteria. The objective cognitive measures also included continuous domain scores for memory and executive functions. Cognitive complaints were evaluated with the subjective- and informant-versions of Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX), functional abilities with the Amsterdam IADL Questionnaire and depressive symptoms with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Results: Subjective cognitive complaints correlated significantly with informant reports (r=0.40-0.50, p0.05). Instead, subjective DEX (OR 1.10, CI 95% 1.05-1.16, p

Multidimensional modeling of phenomena and processes occurring during the expansion of the laser-produced plasma for different irradiation conditions related to both the laser beam parameters and the target constructions is a very complex issue, especially when modeling requires consideration of kinetic processes associated with the development of various types of microscopic instability. Multidimensional PIC codes create such a possibility, but their use is limited to modeling phenomena even in a very narrow timescale due to the limited computational capabilities of current supercomputers. For this reason, the paper attempts to interpret the results of the spontaneous magnetic field (SMF) measurements obtained during the PALS (Prague Asterix Laser System) experiment [Pisarczyk et al., AIP Adv. 10, 115201 (2020); Pisarczyk et al., Phys. Plasmas 22, 102706 (2015)] based on the 2D magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) model [Jach et al., Computer Modeling of Dynamic Interaction of Bodies by Free Point Method (PWN, Warsaw, 2011)]. The MHD equations were used with included arbitrary (i) current of hot electrons treating it as an additional external current and (ii) ion-sound instability responsible for the increase in anomalous resistance in areas with high temperature and low-density plasma. The spatial distribution of magnetic fields and current density obtained from 2D modeling are in acceptable agreement with the experimental results [Pisarczyk et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 62, 115020 (2020); Zaraś-Szydłowska et al., AIP Adv. 10, 115201 (2020); Pisarczyk et al., Phys. Plasmas 22, 102706 (2015)]. The inclusion of temporal changes in anomalous resistance in modeling allowed us to explain the persistence of high SMF amplitude at the level of several megagauss after the laser pulse ended due to the effect of magnetic field freezing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]