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A mudança climática do mundo é uma realidade do século XXI, tendo o homem como principal agente desta mudança, ao utilizar combustíveis fósseis para gerar energia e se transportar; ante esta mudança climática apresenta-se duas possibilidades de enfrentamento, a primeira a mitigação destas mudanças e a segunda é a adaptação a estas mudanças. No caso da mitigação das mudanças climáticas, podemos ter a redução da utilização de combustíveis fósseis e o aumento e/ou utilização de substitutos energéticos, como é o caso dos biocombustíveis. Nesta linha de pensamento, o sorgo sacarino apresenta alto potencial para produzir biomassa e assemelha-se à cana-de-açúcar, por apresentar colmos suculentos com altos teores de açúcares fermentescíveis. Por todo o anterior, propôs-se este trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade de massa verde, a produtividade e a qualidade do caldo de cultivares de sorgo sacarino em diferentes arranjos de plantas. Na área experimental da Embrapa Clima Temperado, na Estação Terras Baixas, em Capão do Leão/RS, foi conduzido o experimento conforme o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 2 com três repetições, sendo duas cultivares - BRS 506 e BRS 511, três densidades de plantas (120, 140 e 160 mil plantas ha-1) e dois espaçamentos entre linhas (0,50 e 0,70m), semeado em 16/12/2015 e colhido em 06/05/2016. Cada parcela, independente da população de plantas, correspondeu a um retângulo com 2,8 m de largura e 5,0 m de comprimento, configurando área de 14,0 m2. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: produtividade de massa verde (folhas + colmo - em t ha-1), produtividade de caldo (em t ha-1), eficiência de extração (%) e quantidade de açúcares parciais presentes no caldo (ºBrix). Os efeitos estatisticamente significativos pelo teste F aplicado à análise de variância foram analisados pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Preliminarmente conclui-se que, os arranjos de plantas estudados não acarretam diferenciação na produção de massa verde, na produção de caldo e na quantidade de açúcares parciais presentes no caldo (°Brix) para os genótipos de sorgo sacarino BR 506 e BR 511. Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-20T09:13:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Melhor-arranjo-de-plantas-para-os-genotipos-de-sorgo-sacarino.pdf: 405980 bytes, checksum: ecd69067f7f579f2218e160b8e2d2010 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020 Título em inglês: Better plant arrangement for the sweet sorghum genotypes BR 506 and BR 511 aimed at ethanol production.

Altas produtividades só são obtidas quando as condições ambientais são favoráveis em todos os estádios de crescimento da soja, dentro das principais práticas culturais a serem consideradas visando o melhor desenvolvimento da cultura da soja estão: a semeadura na época recomendada para a região de produção e, a escolha das cultivares mais adaptadas a essa região. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo encontrar combinações ótimas de cultivares e épocas de semeadura quando cultivada na Região de Aptidão Edafoclimática (REC) 101. Foram avaliados 12 genótipos e cultivares de soja, Fepagro 36 RR, CD 2590 IPRO, PEL BR106005, BMX Apolo RR, BRS 246 RR, TMG 7060 IPRO, CD 2610 IPRO, BRS PAMPA RR, TEC IRGA 6070 RR, PF 103251, BMX Potência RR e DM 6458 RSF IPRO, em experimento conduzido em área experimental da Embrapa Clima Temperado, na Estação Terras Baixas, em Capão do Leão/RS, em duas épocas de semeadura. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: fenologia (no de dias a partir da emergência até atingir os estádios de desenvolvimento R1-início da floração) e produtividade de grãos na umidade-padrão de 13%. Os efeitos estatisticamente significativos pelo teste F aplicado à análise de variância foram analisados pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. De forma preliminar, conclui-se que existem genótipos de soja que mantêm estabilidade de produtividade independente da época de semeadura quando submetidos a estresses de ambiente e; que fatores como excesso hídrico no solo podem influenciar para que a época considerada adequada para a semeadura da soja não seja a ideal para melhores produtividades. Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-20T09:13:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 10829-28004-3-PB.pdf: 485540 bytes, checksum: d9ef9eac8ff78b4f5ba4843368d0028b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

This article makes an interpretation about the historical and discursive traces that substantiate the neoliberal forms of disaster ́s government in Chile. To this purpose, the method uses – as diachronic sources – a series of historical documents and articles about the most important earthquakes that have affected Chilean territory between 1900 and 1980. As a result, the study proposes an interpretation of the genealogical career path of the disaster ́s government. Finally, the article gives a critical view of neoliberalism in the scope of transdisciplinary studies about disasters.

En esta investigación se estudia el comportamiento de una estructura de un grado de libertad sometida a una excitación sísmica estocástica de alto contenido de frecuencias, la cual es controlada por un amortiguador de columna de líquido sintonizado (ACLS) óptimo, cuando se introduce incertidumbre en algunos parámetros del sistema. Se analiza la influencia en el comportamiento de los parámetros óptimos del ACLS, en la eficiencia medida como reducción del desplazamiento del sistema principal y en la raíz cuadrática media (RMS) de desplazamiento de la estructura. Se realiza una linealización estadística equivalente para incluir la naturaleza no lineal del ACLS. Los parámetros óptimos de ACLS son la razón de frecuencias y el coeficiente de pérdida de carga. La optimización del ACLS se realiza minimizando la reducción de la desviación estándar del desplazamiento de la estructura principal. La incertidumbre es ingresada en la razón de masa, la razón de longitud y el coeficiente de pérdida de carga. Se analiza el comportamiento de la eficiencia, medida como una reducción porcentual del desplazamiento al incluir un ACLS óptimo y el RMS del desplazamiento, ante la inclusión de incertidumbre en los parámetros antes mencionados. Se encuentra que la introducción de incertidumbre en el periodo de la estructura produce la mayor sensibilidad en los parámetros óptimos del ACLS, la eficiencia y el RMS del desplazamiento de la estructura. Esto se produce principalmente en estructuras rígidas y con una razón de masa pequeña. Por otra parte, una incertidumbre en la razón de masa, y en la razón de longitud del ACLS, no produce variaciones en la eficiencia ni en el RMS de desplazamiento de la estructura.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the one of the most frequent and deadly cancer worldwide. The regulation mediated by the N6methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase protein called FTO in CRC is quite controversial. As previously studied in obesity and food intake, currently is being linked to stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, chemotherapy resistance and proliferation in colon cancer cells, however, its localization and function in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and how it connects with progression remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate FTO protein in tumor and healthy corresponding tissue from 22 colorectal cancer patients with different histological TNM stages (hTNM) by immunohistochemistry and multiple immunofluorescence analysis; classifying the tumor and stromal FTO localization and associating this data with clinical and histopathological features. As for content, the frequency of FTO+ cells in stromal compartments increases in more invasive stages compared to non-tumor tissue and in tumors with low desmoplasia. Regarding to localization, FTO is mostly nuclear and present in the lamina propria cells in non-tumor tissues and in immune and fibro-immune compartments in the TME, such as T cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and macrophages. In tumor cells, the percentage of FTO+ cells increase in early carcinogenic stages (hTNM I vs healthy tissue) and in moderately differentiated tumors. In addition, nuclear FTO expression increases in normal T cells and fibroblasts with a particular pattern after exposure for 24h to a colon adenocarcinoma cell-derived conditioned media, suggesting FTO activity in the TME interaction following a paracrine signal. In conclusion, the increase of the FTO protein in both tumor and stroma from CRC suggests its participation mediating TME communication. Citation Format: Glauben T. Landskron-Ramos, Antonia L. Domínguez-Beltrando, Mauricio Zambra-Rojas, Antonella Sanguineti, Gonzalo Vasquez, Marjorie De la Fuente, Daniela Simian, Silvana Valdebenito-Silva, Juan Saavedra, Solange Gouet, Ricardo Soto-Rifo, Daniela Sauma, Eliseo Eugenin, Mario Abedrapo, Marcela A. Hermoso, Marcela A. Hermoso. Novel potential role of m6A-demethylase FTO (fat mass and obesity) protein in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1251.

This article examines the way in which the 2010 earthquake affected the everyday life of witnesses of this disaster in the southern part of Chile. There were applied 32 in-depth interviews to direct witnesses. There are 3 categories in the path of post-disaster everyday life: rupture, recovery and reconstitution. The results show the witnesses’ quality as biopolitical actors in everyday life in a neoliberal context and the use of biopolitical strategies to produce normality in the frame of this socio-political regime. The shared experience after disaster does not allow to remove the backgrounds in which neoliberal everyday life happens., Este artículo examina el modo en que el terremoto de 2010 afectó la vida cotidiana de testigos de este desastre en el sur de Chile. Se realizaron 32 entrevistas en profundidad a testigos directos en las localidades afectadas. Se categorizan tres momentos en la trayectoria de la cotidianidad posdesastre: ruptura, recuperación y reconstitución. Los resultados discuten la cualidad de los testigos como actores de la cotidianidad, en un contexto neoliberal y de utilización de estrategias biopolíticas para producir normalidad en el marco de este régimen sociopolítico. La experiencia compartida tras el desastre no logra remover los sustratos en los que transcurre la cotidianidad neoliberal.

The possibility of early soybean fertilization carried out on the predecessor crop has several benefits, mainly operational ones, making the production system more conservationist and balanced. An experiment was carried out at the Anhumas Experimental Station, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), located in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, during 2001/2002, 2002/2003, and 2003/2004 agricultural years on a typic Hapludox aiming to evaluate the effects of the early fertilization on soybean yield. The fertilization consisted of applying 90 kg ha−1 of P2O5, 50 kg ha−1 of K2O, and micronutrients (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications and 12 treatments consisting of different levels of early soybean fertilization carried out on the finger millet crop: T1, no fertilization; T2, conventional soybean fertilization; T3, early 50% K fertilization; T4, early 100% K fertilization; T5, early 50% P fertilization; T6, early 50% P and K fertilization; T7, early 50% P and 100% K fertilization; T8, early 100% P fertilization; T9, early 100% P and 50% K fertilization; T10, early 100% P and K fertilization; T11, early 100% P and K fertilization + micronutrients; and T12, early leaf fertilization with micronutrients. The results showed that the early soybean sowing fertilization with phosphorus and potassium carried out during finger millet sowing does not interfere with the thousand-seed weight and soybean yield. RESUMO A possibilidade da antecipação da adubação da soja em uma cultura antecessora traz inúmeros benefícios, principalmente, operacionais e colabora para que o sistema de produção seja mais conservacionista e equilibrado. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da adubação antecipada sobre a produtividade da cultura da soja foi conduzido o presente experimento na Estação Experimental Anhumas, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” (USP/ESALQ), em Piracicaba-SP, nos anos agrícolas 2001/2002, 2002/2003 e 2003/2004, em Latossolo Amarelo distrófico. A adubação consistiu da aplicação de 90 kg ha−1de P2O5, 50 kg ha−1 de K2O e de micronutrientes (Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo e Zn). O experimento adotou delineamento em blocos completos casualizados com três repetições e 12 tratamentos que consistiram em diferentes níveis de antecipação da adubação da soja para a cultura do capim-pé-de-galinha: T1= nenhuma adubação; T2= adubação convencional na soja; T3= antecipação de 50% de K; T4= antecipação de 100% de K; T5= antecipação de 50% de P; T6= antecipação de 50% de P e K; T7= antecipação de 50% de P e 100 % de K; T8= antecipação de 100% de P; T9= antecipação de 100% de P e 50% de K; T10= antecipação de 100% de P e K; T11= antecipação de 100% de P e K + micronutrientes; T12= antecipação da adubação foliar com micronutrientes. Conclui-se que a antecipação da adubação de semeadura com fósforo e potássio da cultura da soja para a semeadura do capim-pé-de-galinha não interfere com a massa de mil sementes e nem com a produtividade agrícola da soja.

to determine salivary electrolyte concentration of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. A related systematic review was performed.Observational study. Unstimulated saliva from 18 patients with OSCC, 18 with OPMD, and 18 without oral lesions was collected. A biochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the salivary concentrations of potassium (K), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe). Kruskal-Wallis test was performed, and p0.05 was interpreted as statistically significant. The literature search for the systematic review retrieved 9 studies that associated salivary electrolyte levels with presence and progression of OSCC.A highly significant increase was found in the salivary Mg levels in the OPMD group (5.41 µg/mL) in comparison with the OSCC (3.71µg/mL) and control group (3.51 µg/mL) (p = 0.041). No differences were observed in other salivary levels elements. The results of the systematic review revealed that one article indicated a decrease, and three papers reported an increase in salivary Na levels in patients with OPMD and OSCC. Two articles indicated a decrease in salivary K levels in OSCC, and the other two reported high Mg levels in OPMD and OSCC.High salivary Mg levels can be a potential biomarker indicating the presence of OPMD, however, the evidence is still contradictory and more studies are required.

La cavidad ósea de Stafne (CS) ha sido descrita como una radiolucencia oval, de bordes definidos y corticalizados, localizada por debajo del conducto mandibular entre el primer molar y el ángulo de la mandíbula. Casos atípicos de presentación de la cavidad en forma lobulada con márgenes irregulares, escleróticos o incompletos, así como una localización inusual requieren el empleo de métodos imagenológicos que posibiliten realizar un diagnóstico diferencial, evitando un procedimiento invasivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir un caso de CS en un paciente masculino de 74 años de edad, con antecedente de cáncer de próstata. Las imágenes de tomografía computarizada de haz cónico evidenciaron una cavidad abierta hacia la tabla lingual por debajo del conducto mandibular. Las imágenes de resonancia magnética y tomografía computarizada multicorte permitieron identificar el contenido del defecto, identificado en ambos métodos imagenólogicos como tejido adiposo. El examen radiográfico de una CS de aspecto atípico debe ser complementado con estudios tomográficos y de resonancia magnética, estos proporcionan información relevante para el diagnóstico definitivo, limitando la realización de una exploración quirúrgica. En el caso clínico presentado, la caracterización de la extensión del defecto, su relación con los dientes y estructuras vecinas, así como la identificación del contenido permitieron descartar la presencia de una metástasis de cáncer de próstata.

Concerns about possible environmental implications of nano- and micro-plastics are continuously raising. Hence, comprehensive understanding of their behaviour, bioaccumulation and toxicity potential is required. Nevertheless, systematic studies on their fate and possible effects in freshwaters, as well as the influence of particle-specific and environmental factors on their behaviour and impacts are still missing. The aims of the present study are thus two-fold: (i) to examine the role of the surface charge on nanoplastic stability and acute effects to freshwater zooplankton; (ii) to decipher the influence of the refractory natural organic matter (NOM) on the nanoplastic fate and effects. Amidine and carboxyl-stabilized polystyrene (PS) spheres of 200 nm diameter characterized by opposite primary surface charges and neutral buoyancy were selected as model nanoplastics. The results demonstrated that the surface functionalization of the polystyrene nanoplastics controls their aggregation behaviour. Alginate or Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) modified significantly the surface charge of positively-charged amidine PS nanoplastic and the aggregation state, while had no significant influence on the negatively-charged carboxyl PS nanoplastic. Both amidine and carboxyl PS nanoplastics were ingested by the zooplankton and concentrated mainly in the gut of water flea Daphnia magna and larvae Thamnocephalus platyurus, and the stomach of rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Amidine PS nanoplastic was more toxic than carboxyl one. The toxicity decreased in the order D. magna (48 h -immobilization) > B. calyciflorus (24 h - lethality) > T. platyurus (24 h - lethality). Alginate or SRHA reduced significantly the toxicity of both amidine and carboxyl PS nanoplastics to the studied zooplankton representatives. The implications of this laboratory study findings to natural environment were discussed.

The article analyzes the contexts and specificities of post-disaster social work intervention based on the testimonies of social workers who participated in the recovery and normalization processes after the earthquakes of 1985, 2010, and 2015 in Chile. The neoliberal context has influence in the social intervention. As neoliberalism deepens, there is more technology and better access to material resources, but at the same time, professional autonomy and community knowledge decrease. Research suggests there is a need for further critical discussion about how social work has been colonized by neoliberalism, even in seemingly neutral issues such as post-disaster intervention.

espanolEl presente trabajo analiza comparativamente dos procesos de recuperacion de la normalidad posdesastre en el marco de la gubernamentalidad neoliberal. El primer caso es el terremoto-tsunami del 27 de febrero de 2010 en el centro sur de Chile, mientras que el segundo corresponde a la catastrofe de la region serrana de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, despues de las inundaciones y deslizamientos que ocurrieron el 12 de enero de 2011. Para este efecto, se revisan fuentes documentales sobre estos casos, complementadas con informacion de campo de entrevistas cualitativas. Se construyen categorias analiticas para examinar los procesos de recuperacion de largo plazo, las condiciones de inseguridad en las dimensiones de la vida social y los desafios para los profesionales que trabajan el contexto biopolitico neoliberal. Los resultados de este analisis comparativo permiten observar que los desastres son procesos sociales e historicos, enmarcados en contextos de regimen politico de ambos paises (neoliberalismo), cuya resolucion alude a mecanismos e instrumentos biopoliticos. Esto ultimo tiene implicancias en diversas dimensiones del gobierno de la emergencia, como por ejemplo, en cuestiones sobre la administracion de la vida, en las que aspectos de genero son relevantes. EnglishThis article makes a comparative analysis between two post-disaster normality recovery processes under the neoliberal governmentality. The first case is the earthquake-tsunami which took place on February 27, 2010 in the center-south area of Chile and the second case is of the flooding and landslide on January 12, 2011 in the Serrana region in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The analysis was made through revisions of documentary sources about these cases and field work, and qualitative interviews. The long-term recovery processes, the conditions of insecurity in the dimensions of social life and the challenges for professionals working in the neoliberal biopolitics context were examined through analytical categories. The results of this comparative analysis allow us to observe that disasters are social and historical processes that occur in contexts of political regimes in both countries (neoliberal) with a resolution that alludes to mechanisms and instruments of biopolitics. This last point has implications for different dimensions of government focused on emergency, such as the administration of life where gender issues are relevant. portuguesO presente trabalho analisa comparativamente dois processos de recuperacao da normalidade pos-desastre no marco da governamentalidade neoliberal. O primeiro caso e o terremoto-tsunami do 27 de fevereiro de 2010 no centro-sul do Chile, enquanto o segundo corresponde a catastrofe da regiao serrana do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, apos as inundacoes e deslizamentos de terra ocorridos em 12 de Janeiro de 2011. Para esse fim, sao revisadas as fontes documentais desses casos, complementadas com informacao de campo de entrevistas qualitativas. Sao construidas categorias analiticas para examinar os processos de recuperacao de longo prazo, as condicoes de inseguranca nas dimensoes da vida social e os desafios para os profissionais que trabalham no contexto biopolitico neoliberal. Os resultados dessa analise comparativa permitem observar que os desastres sao processos sociais e historicos enquadrados nos contextos de regime politico de ambos paises (neoliberalismo), cuja resolucao se refere a mecanismos e instrumentos biopoliticos. Este ultimo tem implicacoes em varias dimensoes do governo da emergencia, como por exemplo, questoes sobre a administracao da vida, nas quais os aspectos de genero sao relevantes.

Resumen Se examinaron desigualdades laborales entre trabajadores sociales chilenos, analizando si se diferencian de las tendencias observadas en otras profesiones. Se emplearon dos submuestras extraídas de la Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional (CASEN) del Ministerio de Desarrollo Social de Chile, año 2015. Mediante coeficiente de contingencia, se determinó la intensidad de asociación entre ingresos económicos y condición contractual, respeto de las variables sexo, generación y etnia. Los resultados indicaron que la proporción de trabajadores sociales en el decil superior de ingresos nacional varía según generación y etnia, y la proporción que tiene trabajo permanente varía según sexo y generación. En ambos casos la generación tiene la asociación más intensa, observándose desigualdades más pronunciadas entre trabajadores sociales que entre los otros profesionales. Se abre un debate sobre la reproducción de las desigualdades dentro del trabajo social - asociadas al neoliberalismo - y los desafíos ético-políticos que dicha situación implica.

In this article, it was analyzed the long-term disaster recovery after the earthquake and tsunami that affected Talcahuano, Chile in February 2010. Under the assumption that disaster governance is neither politically nor discursively neuter, the aim of this article is to describe the long-term recovery process of Talcahuano, where urban planning was adjusted to the political neoliberal frame. We used a unique-case study. There were considered 7 maps that show longitudinally the changes in Talcahuano's city design. There are maps about tsunami risk zones and landslide risk zones. Additionally, there were used 25 interviews to complement the recovery process. The results show that Talcahuano experienced post disaster changes in urban planning in line with neoliberal politics. The changes can be seen in the enlargement of commercial and residential zones. In some cases, the new building zones overlap in potentially risky zones of coastline and hills. The conclusions of the study show there is a recovery in terms of rebuilding and the organization of its local governance in emergency responses. Nevertheless, it was not able to avoid the general frame given by neoliberal regime. For more than a decade, the post-disaster recovery process favors the market growth and partially omit the local community participation in decision-making about the city design. The study case about 2010 earthquake in Talcahuano, Chile, contributes to observe long-term recovery as complex processes where the political regime aspects should be included in the analysis.

The heuristic potential of paradoxes in the field of social sciences can be analysed in relation with an epistemological discussion in social work. Its disciplinary delimitation is not solved assigning the object of study of social work to gap situations (social problems and needs) and to relation-interaction systems. This is one of the reasons to propose that the object of study of social work resides in social intervention but in a paradoxical way: at the same time in which recognizes the intervention as the object of study, it denies its borders and exclusivity. The paradox contributes with a new point of view to solve the issue of social work, because it broadens the intervention scope to a wide and complex social phenomenon, going beyond the professional performance and giving a chance to make visible the heuristic of paradoxes in the field of social sciences. Key words: paradox, heuristic, social work, discipline, social intervention.

Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (Trm) cells mediate potent local innate and adaptive immune responses and play a central role against solid tumors. However, whether Trm cells cross-talk with dendritic cells (DCs) to support anti-tumor immunity remains unclear. Here we show that antigen-specific activation of skin Trm cells leads to maturation and migration to draining lymph nodes of cross-presenting dermal DCs. Tumor rejection mediated by Trm cells triggers the spread of cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses against tumor-derived neo- and self-antigens via dermal DCs. These responses suppress the growth of intradermal tumors and disseminated melanoma lacking the Trm cell-targeted epitope. Moreover, analysis of RNA sequencing data from human melanoma tumors reveals that enrichment of a Trm cell gene signature associates with DC activation and improved survival. This work unveils the ability of Trm cells to amplify the breath of cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses through DCs, thereby strengthening anti-tumor immunity., Immunotherapy can induce antigen spreading of antitumor T cell response, which correlates with better outcomes. Here the authors show that tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells promote antigen spreading via lysing tumor cells and promoting their uptake and cross-presentation by dendritic cells, thereby eliciting de novo T cell responses.

The P2X7 receptor is a ligand-gated, cation-selective channel whose main physiological ligand is ATP. P2X7 receptor activation may also be triggered by ARTC2.2-dependent ADP ribosylation in the presence of extracellular NAD. Upon activation, this receptor induces several responses, including the influx of calcium and sodium ions, phosphatidylserine externalization, the formation of a non-selective membrane pore, and ultimately cell death. P2X7 receptor activation depends on the availability of extracellular nucleotides, whose concentrations are regulated by the action of extracellular nucleotidases such as CD39 and CD38. The P2X7 receptor has been extensively studied in the context of the immune response, and it has been reported to be involved in inflammasome activation, cytokine production, and the migration of different innate immune cells in response to ATP. In adaptive immune responses, the P2X7 receptor has been linked to T cell activation, differentiation, and apoptosis induction. In this review, we will discuss the evidence of the role of the P2X7 receptor on T cell differentiation and in the control of T cell responses in inflammatory conditions.

Para manutenção da qualidade e aumento no tempo de armazenamento de frutas climatéricas como a pera, uma das estratégias é a utilização do 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP), que reduz os efeitos do etileno, o qual é responsável pelo amadurecimento dos frutos. Objetivou-se a avaliação da influência do 1-MCP na qualidade pós-colheita de peras ‘Abate Fetel’, ‘Packham’s’ e ‘Tenra’ armazenadas em câmara fria. As frutas foram tratadas com 1-MCP no interior de caixas plásticas vedadas, à temperatura de 20 ºC, por 14 horas, sendo em seguida transferidas para câmara fria (0 °C ± 1 °C e 85% ± 5% UR), onde permaneceram por períodos de 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias. As variáveis analisadas foram firmeza de polpa, índice DA, pH do suco, acidez titulável e sólidos solúveis. Observou-se que o 1-MCP é eficiente na manutenção da firmeza de polpa dos frutos das cultivares estudas, armazenadas em câmara fria. Além disso, a degradação de clorofila de peras ‘Abate Fetel’ e ‘Packham’s’, armazenadas em câmara fria, foi reduzida com a utilização do 1-MCP.