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This Nowadays, along with popularity of application and use of network technologies, the structure of network is being complex and enormous to support emerging applications. A NMS (Network Management System) is required to support emerging services through the complex network structure. In this paper, we present an on-going work called SOLA (Smart One-view Look and Analysis) to integrate the existing NMSs. SOLA has three remarkable features. First, it can reduce the CAPEX/OPEX by sharing a common platform. Second, since SOLA is a web application complied with HTML 5, it can be run on emerging smart devices such as smart phone and table PC as well. Lastly, it can provide an end-to-end analysis since the event messages are collected from an entire network.

It is very difficult to identify the location of bottlenecks when there is deterioration of Quality of Service (QoS) because current Internet service is the complicate structure which is provided through a number of ISP. This paper proposes bottleneck detection algorithm which can detect the bottleneck point easily and efficiently even though there is no prior knowledge of the network connection status. The execution procedure of the proposed algorithm can be largely divided into two phases. In the first phase, the proposed algorithm finds the choke point which is suspected to be the bottleneck point using Recursive Packet Train (RPT). In second phase, it identifies the bottleneck point by monitoring packet process time of the detected choke point. For this, this paper proposes two methods. The first method monitors packet process time of the choke point utilizing timestamp option. This method has the advantage which can monitor the bottleneck point without increasing network load because it uses passive monitoring approach using the IP header part of the data packet of the actual users. But agent should be run in all of servers and clients. The second method monitors packet process time of the choke point utilizing ICMP packet. This method is possible to detect the bottleneck point by running agent solely in client without running agent of servers because ICMP packet which is sent to the senders to report the problems found while processing IP packet in routers.

Parallel download protocols that establish multiple TCP connections to distributed replica servers have the potential to reduce file download time and to achieve a server-side load balancing. Unfortunately, parallel download protocols are also inherently unfair towards single-flow downloads and may even starve them. This paper presents TCP-ROME, a parallel download protocol that allows a dynamic mitigation of throughput and fairness. The key novelty is a receiver-based framework that allows a dynamic adjustment of the congestion and rate control of each subconnection. TCP-ROME offers two usage modes: a binary mode where the congestion control of each subconnection can be switched between a TCP-fair rate (high priority) and at a TCP-LP fair rate (low priority), and a more complex range mode where the aggregated throughput aims at meeting a specified target rate. Apart from the protocol specification, this paper develops novel analytical throughput models for TCP-LP and for TCP-ROME. The models are validated via simulations. Extensive simulation scenarios show the flexibility of TCP-ROME in mitigating performance for fairness.

As the Internet evolves into an irreplaceable service-oriented infrastructure, a key issue to consider is that of creating and managing a rich variety of novel services while keeping aware of individual requirements for QoE (Quality of Experience) guarantee. In this paper, we present our on-going effort of designing a futuristic service framework for flexible media-oriented service composition in Future Internet. In our framework, media-oriented contents, generic service, and programmable infrastructure cooperate to flexibly compose media-oriented services with diverse requirements according to user's context and resource heterogeneity.

Live streaming of multimedia content over the Internet is rapidly increasing, e.g. with the Web 2.0 and via peer-to-peer systems. While many homes today are equipped with sufficient bandwidth (DSL) to support high quality live streaming, the quality of experience of a user is dismal: the video resolution and size is small and the displaying is often interrupted. One of the key problems arises because TCP is used as the underlying transport layer protocol: packet loss, retransmissions and timeouts prevent TCP from delivering a timely, steady flow of packets and thus inhibits the provision of online multimedia content. This paper presents TCP-ROME, a novel transport-layer framework that allows an establishment of multiple TCP connections between one client with possibly multiple home addresses and multiple co-located or distributed servers. The download over multiple TCP connections increases the total throughput by aggregating the resources of multiple TCP connections. Moreover, TCP-ROME provides the means to overcome bandwidth fluctuations and network bottlenecks by dynamically coordinating the downloaded content from the different servers and by coordinating and adapting the streaming rate of the different connections to meet the bandwidth requirements of the video.

A pilot scale (200kg/hr) pyrolysis melting incineration system is designed and constructed in Korea Institute of Industrial Technology. The incineration process is composed of pyrolysis, gas combustion, ash melting, gas stabilization, waste heating boiler, and bag filter. For each unit process, experimental approaches have been conducted to find optimal design and operating conditions. Especially, pyrolysis is very important process in that it is a way of energy recirculation and minimizing the waste products. This paper presents major results of the most efficient operating conditions in a pilot scale pyrolysis melting incinerator. This system makes efficient and economical operation possible with using the maximum retaining energy of the waste and the minimum energy of the fuel. With a series of results, we can make use of this preliminary data about pyrolysis/gasification process as well as energy production technology.

As the demand for high-quality real-time media service through multicast-enabled AG (access grid) increases, the end-to-end QoS (quality of service) provisioning of the media service has become very important. To guarantee the end-to-end QoS, it is essential to monitor the time-varying status of both network (i.e., delay, jitter and loss) and system metrics (i.e., CPU and memory utilization). In this paper, we propose a new service for the AG, to monitor the time-varying conditions of both multicast networks and the AG node systems. When the performance of the AG degrades, the proposed monitoring attempts to pinpoint the cause of performance degradation and explores corresponding reactions to improve the end-to-end performance of the AG. The experimental results show that the proposed monitoring service is really useful in improving the quality of media service for the AG.

As real-time media applications based on IP multicast networks spread widely, end-to-end QoS (quality of service) provisioning for these applications have become very important. To guarantee the end-to-end QoS of multi-party media applications, it is essential to monitor the time-varying status of both network metrics (i.e., delay, jitter and loss) and system metrics (i.e., CPU and memory utilization). In this paper, targeting the multicast-enabled AG (Access Grid) a next-generation group collaboration tool based on multi-party media services, the applicability of hybrid monitoring scheme that combines active and passive monitoring is investigated. The active monitoring measures network-layer metrics (i.e., network condition) with probe packets while the passive monitoring checks both application-layer metrics (i.e., user traffic condition by analyzing RTCP packets) and system metrics. By comparing these hybrid results, we attempt to pinpoint the causes of performance degradation and explore corresponding reactions to improve the end-to-end performance. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid monitoring can provide useful information to coordinate the performance improvement of multi-party real-time media applications.

Recently, the lithium–sulfur battery is considered as a high-energy-density storage and power device for sustainable electric vehicles (EVs) due to its high theoretical energy density and natural abundanc.1 However, there are some drawbacks to introduce this battery into commercial devices. Some progress has been achieved on the electrolyte side, either by selecting systems more adequate than conventional carbonate solutions, such as 1,3 dioxolane (DOL), dimethyl ether (DME), and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME), or by the addition of soluble polysulfides.2–7 Recently, Tarascon and co-workers8demonstrated that the use of sulfur in contact with the lithium negative electrode may be beneficial for improving the life of lithium–sulfur cells. Progress has also been achieved on the electrode side, mainly by improving its morphology. These strategies have led to an optimization of the electrode morphology and to the development of lithium–sulfur battery prototypes with improved cycle life and rate capability. However these progresses have not yet placed the lithium–sulfur battery at the level of real practical interest. In particular, the problem of the solubility of the polysulfides has not yet been completely solved. Herein, we show that this issue may be favorably addressed by following the approach originally reported by Tarascon and co-workers8 and Zhang and Read7; they achieved an improvement by replacing the additives Li2S5 and Li2S9, respectively, with the soluble Li2S8 polysulfide as well as by using a TEGDME4–LiCF3SO3solution. The aim of this work was principally to use the electrochemical and physical effect of the polysulfide in buffering the dissolution of the sulfur cathode and only marginally its action as dissolved cathode.7, 8 Hence, we demonstrate that the added Li2S8 polysulfide provides a mass buffering effect, which is controlled by its concentration, according to Le Chatelier’s principle; this reduces the cathode dissolution during the cycling of the lithium–sulfur cell. In addition, the dissolved Li2S8 polysulfide is deposited on the cathode as sulfur on charging to compensate eventual capacity losses that result from partial cathode dissolution during discharge; this is due to an “electrochemical” buffering effect resulting from the fact that the added Li2S8 partially acts as a dissolved cathode, that is, as a “catholyte”.2– 8 Fig. 1 illustrates the cyclic voltammograms of a carbon electrode in a lithium cell using the TEGDME–LiCF3SO3 electrolyte with addition of 5% w/w Li2S8. The CV response is typical of a medium in which a redox couple is dissolved [here, the Li2S8/Li2Sx (12S8deposition–dissolution process that facilitates and enhances the same process in the following cycles (blue curves). Figure 1. First (red) and following (blue) cyclic voltammograms of a carbon electrode in a lithium cell using the TEGDME–LiCF3SO3 electrolyte with addition of 5% w/w Li2S8. Scan rate 0.2 mVs-1, potential limits 1–3 V versus. Li. References [1] B. Scrosati, J. Hassoun, Y.-K. Sun, Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 3287. [2] E. Peled, Y. Sternberg, A. Gorenshtein, Y. Lavi, J. Electrochem. Soc. 1989, 136, 1621. [3] D.-R. Chang, S.-H. Lee, S.-W. Kim, H.-T. Kim, J. Power Sources 2002, 112, 452. [4] H.-S. Ryu, H.-J. Ahn, K.-W. Kim, J.-H. Ahn, K.-K. Cho, T.-H. Nam, J.-U. Kim, G.-B. Cho, J. Power Sources 2006, 163, 201. [5] J.-W. Choi, J.-K. Kim, G. Cheruvally, J.-H. Ahn, H.-J. Ahn, K.-W. Kim, Electrochim. Acta 2007, 52, 2075. [6] V. S. Kolosnitsyn, E. V. Karaseva, A. L. Ivanov, Russ. J. Electrochem. 2008, 44, 564. [7] S. S. Zhang, J. A. Read, J. Power Sources 2012, 200, 77. [8] R. Demir-Cakan, M. Morcrette, Gangulibabu, A. Gueguen, R. Dedryvere, J. M. Tarascon, Energy Environ. Sci. 2013, 6, 176.

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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key growth factor and thus plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. IL-6 is absolutely necessary for the cellular signalling cascade via JAK/STAT and RAS/MAPK pathways involved in proliferation and viability. We found interleukin (IL)-6 induced JAK-2 phosphorylation and induced proliferation of multiple myeloma cell line. Also phosphorylation of Stat1 and Stat3 was increased by IL-6 stimulation. Silencing JAK2 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) abrogated IL-6 induced phosphorylation of STAT3. In addition, soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) antagonized the function of hIL-6 and efficiently induced the growth arrest and apoptosis of U266 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Increasing levels of sIL-6R suppressed the phosphorylation of JAK-2 and Stat3. This suggests a comprehensive knowledge of the signaling and survival pathways could help find additional molecular targets and lead to the development of novel and more effective treatment strategies in multiple myeloma.

Background: Curcumin, a naturally occurring biologically active compound extracted from rhizomes of Curcuma species, has been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-oxidative properties. The effects and possible mechanism of this agent were investigated on 2 human myelogenous leukemic cell lines. Methods: K562 and KG-1 cells were the two cell lines selected. The MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to assess the cytotoxicity and for cell cycle analysis, respectively. The protein expressions were analyzed by Western blotting; the caspase activity was also checked. Results: Both cell lines showed dose-dependent susceptibility to curcumin, and the cell cycle analysis showed an increased sub-G1 phase in the KG-1 cells. In the K562 cell, curcumin down regulated the expressions of PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and cyclins D1 and B1. The expression of Akt was also down-regulated, but caspase-3 was activated to induce cleaved PARP (polyadenosine ribose polymerase) and apoptosis. However, the expression of phospho-Erk was unaffected. Co-treatment of cyclosporin A (CsA) with curcumin resulted in an attenuation of apoptosis in the K562 cells, implying curcumin-induced apoptosis is dependent on the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. Conclusion: Curcumin induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in both human myelogenous leukemic cell lines, with the apoptosis appearing to be dependent on the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. (Korean J Hematol 2005;40:75-81.)