Search

The rapid growth of modern technology place greater demand on electronic products’ performance and quality. As for the printed circuit board (PCB) assembly of electronic components through surface mounting technology (SMT), high-pixel charge coupled device (CCD) can only screen local images during image collection because of its limited vision. A rapid image mosaic technology has been proposed to seamlessly stitch the local images with overlapping boundaries. The complete image of PCB assembly has been acquired through rapid area matching method within double Mark points and Mark circle. The experiment results show that this method can greatly reduce the image-mosaic time and fairly improve the real-time performance of modern automatic optical inspection (AOI) equipment. Furthermore, such method avoids the alignment error from the characteristic points for noise jamming or noise shielding, and therefore obtains better robustness.

In this paper, we investigate the periodic response for a linear system driven by a multiplicative multi-state noise (which is composed of the multiplication of two dichotomous noises) to an input temporal oscillatory signal, and the escape of Brownian particles over the fluctuating potential barrier for a system with a piece-wise linear potential and driven by an additive multi-state noise (which is also composed of the multiplication of two dichotomous noises). For the first system, we get the stochastic resonance phenomenon for the amplitude of the periodic response vs. the two dichotomous noise strengths, and the phenomenon of reverse-resonance for the amplitude of the periodic response vs. k , which represents the asymmetry degree of the dichotomous noises. For the second system, we obtain the resonant activation phenomenon, for which the mean first passage time of the Brownian particles over the fluctuating potential barrier shows a minimum as the function of the transition rates of the multi-state noise.

In this paper, we study transport of particles for spatially periodic systems with correlated disorder–noise couplings, using two models, i.e., a model with a spatially symmetric potential and a model with a spatially asymmetric potential. For the first model, the nonzero current appears with symmetry breaking, which is caused by the correlation between two disorder–noise couplings. For the second model, the nonzero net flux with symmetry breaking is induced by a joint action of the correlated disorder–noise couplings and the spatial asymmetry of the potential.

In this paper, we report a kind of complicated dichotomous noise and investigate the escape over the fluctuating potential barrier for the one-dimensional process driven by this 'complicated dichotomous noise'. The study shows that the mean first passage time for a particle over the fluctuating potential barrier exhibits the resonant activation as the function of the transition rate of the complicated dichotomous noise. The effect of the parameters of this complicated dichotomous noise on the resonant activation is studied. In addition, a kind of more complicated dichotomous noise is introduced in the appendices.

In this study, we intend to confirm our hypothesis that cold inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) can inhibit neuronal apoptosis through suppressing the formation of oxygen free radicals under hypothermia. Primary rat hippocampal neurons were isolated and cultured in vitro, and were divided into five groups: (1) normal control group (37 °C), (2) cells infected by empty viral vector group, (3) CIRP over-expressed group, (4) CIRP knock-down group, and (5) hypothermia control group. Cells in groups 2-5 were cultured under 32 °C, 5% CO2. Apoptosis of hippocampal neurons were detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry; Expression of CIRP was determined by Western blot; Redox-related parameters (T-AOC, GSH-Px, SOD, MDA) were detected by ELISA kits. Results showed that CIRP expression levels were significantly increased (P0.01) and the apoptotic rates were significantly decreased (P0.01) in hypothermia control group and CIRP over-expressed group when compared with normal control group. On the other hand, the apoptotic rate was significantly increased (P0.05) in CIRP knock-down group compared with that in hypothermia control group. The levels of redox parameters in hypothermia control group and CIRP over-expressed group were significantly changed in comparison with those in normal control group, CIRP knock-down group and empty viral vector infected group, respectively (P0.05 or P0.01). These results suggest that up-regulation of CIRP by hypothermia treatment can protect the neuron from apoptosis through suppressing the formation of oxygen free radicals.

The escape for the mean first passage time (MFPT) over the fluctuating potential barrier for system only driven by a dichotomous noise is investigated. It is found that, in some circumstances, the dichotomous noise can induce the resonant activation for the MFPT over the fluctuating potential barrier, but in other circumstances, it cannot. There are two resonant activations for the MFPT. One is the MFPT as a function of the flipping rate of the fluctuating potential barrier, the other is the MFPT as a function of the transition rate of the dichotomous noise.

Stochastic resonance (SR) phenomenon of the system that is subject to the asymmetric two-state noise is investigated from the broad sense. It is shown that the amplitudes of the output signal exhibit the non-monotonic dependence on the input signal frequency ω, and the parameters describing the asymmetric two-state noise, such as the transition rate λ, the order parameter k describing the asymmetric degree of the two-state noise, and the noise strength D.

The collective motion of the globally coupled maps driven by the external noise is investigated when the number of the maps is finite. A simplest collective motion for the globally coupled maps is found by controlling the noise strength. The dimension of the collective motion exhibits a minimum as a function of the external noise strength when the collective motion is the simplest.

where ^j 0(t)& f 5^h 0(t)& f 50, ^j 0(t)j 0(t8)& f 52D8d(t 2t8), and ^h 0(t)h 0(t8)& f 52Dd(t2t8), with ^& f denoting the average over stochastic force. The multiplicative noise j 0(t) and the additive noise h 0(t) in the Josephson junctions come from external environmental perturbation and thermal perturbation, respectively. However, they are not indepen- dent, but corrected to each other. For example, the environ- mental perturbation can also lead to a change of the thermal vibration of molecules in the Josephson junction. Such fluc- tuation effects of the molecular vibrations will affect the thermal additive noise. Thus we consider the correlation be- tween the thermal noise j 0 (t) and the external noise h 0 (t), and assume that their correlation function is taken to be a simple relation, ^h 0(t)j 0(t)& f 52lADD8d(t2t8), with 0

The human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1) gene plays an important role in the repair of oxidatively damaged DNA base lesions and its functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may alter DNA repair capacity and thus contributes to cancer susceptibility. Numerous studies have investigated the association between hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility; however, the conclusions are still inconclusive. We searched eligible publications from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CBM and performed a meta-analysis to assess the associations between hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and lung cancer risk. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate risk associations, and false-positive report probability (FPRP) analysis was also carried out to evaluate significant findings. A total of 31 investigations with 10,220 cases and 12,284 controls were identified. When all studies were pooled, a significantly increased overall lung cancer risk was found (Cys/Cys vs. Ser/Ser: OR = 1.24, 95 % CI = 1.05–1.47, P = 0.013; recessive model: OR = 1.22, 95 % CI = 1.05–1.41, P = 0.008, and Cys vs. Ser: OR = 1.11, 95 % CI = 1.02–1.21, P = 0.022), and further stratification analysis showed that the association was stronger in Asians, never smokers, and more-cigarette takers. These results were confirmed by FPRP analysis. Despite some limitations, this meta-analysis provides solid evidence that hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism may contribute to lung cancer risk, particularly for Asian populations, never smokers, and more-cigarette takers. Nevertheless, these findings warrant further validation in single large investigations.

Expression of angiotensin II (Ang II) and its receptors (AT1/AT2) is undetected in the mature microglia in normal brain. We report here that the immunoexpression of Ang II and AT1/AT2 was altered in activated microglia notably at 1 week in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Immunolabeled activated microglia were widely distributed in the infarcted cerebral tissue after MCAO. By enzyme immunoassay, Ang II protein expression levels of the ischemic tissues were decreased drastically at 12 h after ischemia, then rose rapidly at 3 days and 1 week after MCAO when compared with the control. On the other hand, AT1 and AT2 receptor mRNA and protein levels were up-regulated after MCAO, peaking at 12 h, but declined thereafter. Expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA and protein levels was concomitantly increased. Edaravone significantly suppressed Ang II and AT1/AT2 receptor expression as well as that of TNF-α and IL-1β suggesting that microglia-derived Ang II can act through an autocrine manner via its receptor that may be linked partly to the production of proinflammatory cytokines. We conclude that neuroinflammation in MCAO may be attenuated by Edaravone which acts through suppression of expression of Ang II and its receptors and proinflammatory cytokines in activated microglia.

Scientific and logical planning of technical data, which is the foundation to equip technical data efficiently, is an effective way to quickly transfer the equipment into combat effectiveness and support capability. With the transformation of war pattern and increase of equipment complexity, the critical role of equipment technical data in equipment support has become increasingly prominent. This paper focuses on the effective way to work out systematic planning method of equipment technical data. Beginning with equipment technical data concept and status, the paper studies the general idea of equipment technical data planning, makes deep analysis of specific planning process, and puts forward an instructive output model. It is expected to offer an instruction to scientific planning of equipment technical data, so as to accelerate transformation of new equipment into combat effectiveness, and improve equipment support capacity.

We consider a superconducting (Josephson) junction driven by the thermal noise with an ac drive current and a dc constant bias current in the overdamped case and in the underdamped case, respectively, and investigate the effect of the constant bias current on the evolution of the net voltage versus the driving frequency. It is shown that, with some suitably selected values of the system's parameters, suitably increasing the absolute value of the constant bias current can lead to the enhancement of resonant activation of the net voltage versus the driving frequency. This result can benefit the investigation for the Josephson junction subjected to the constant bias current (or voltage).

The application ranges of the systematic elimination is discussed in the circumstances of Gaussian white noises and noises. From the semiclassical single-mode laser model, the colored loss-noise model and the colored gain-noise model are derived with the systematic elimination. A new colored noise which provides some dis-neglected effect on the laser quenching of fluctuations is found.

To discuss the present status and progress of clinical research on recurrence of gastric cancer after surgery, including patterns, clinicopathologic factors, prognosis, detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies.The data used in this review were mainly from PubMed articles published in English from 2000 to August 2011. The search terms were "gastric cancer" and "recurrence".Articles were selected if they involved clinicopathologic factors, detection methods, and treatment strategies of recurrence of gastric cancer.Peritoneal recurrence is the most common pattern in recurrence of gastric cancer. The main risk factors for recurrence of gastric cancer are tumor stage, including depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis, and Borrmann classification. The prognosis of patients with recurrence is very poor, especially patients with peritoneal recurrence. Systemic chemotherapy is still the main treatment method for patients with recurrent cancer. If complete resection can be accomplished, some benefits may be obtained from surgery for recurrence. However, standard treatment for patients with recurrence has not yet been established.Early detection and diagnosis of recurrence is quite crucial for treatment and prognosis. The optimal therapeutic strategy for recurrence should be based on a multidisciplinary assessment and the patient's individual state and should involve combined therapy.

The prognosis for patients with gastric cancer and synchronous liver metastases is very poor. However, a standard therapeutic strategy has not been well established. The clinical benefit and prognostic factors after hepatic surgical treatment for liver metastases from gastric cancer remain controversial.Records of 105 patients who underwent gastrectomy regardless of hepatic surgical treatment for gastric cancer with synchronous liver-only metastases in our center between 1995 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed.The overall survival rate for the 105 patients was 42.1%, 17.2%, and 10.6% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, with a median survival time of 11 months. Multivariate survival analysis revealed that the extent of lymphadenectomy (D) (P0.001), lymph node metastases (P0.001), extent of liver metastases (H) (P = 0.008), and lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.002) were significant independent prognostic factors for survival. Among patients who underwent D2 lymphadenectomy, those who underwent hepatic surgical treatment had a significantly improved survival compared with those who underwent gastrectomy alone (median survival, 24 vs. 12 months; P0.001). However, hepatic surgical treatment was not a prognostic factor for patients who underwent D1 lymphadenectomy (median survival, 8 vs. 8 months; P = 0.495). For the 35 patients who underwent gastrectomy plus hepatic surgical treatment, D2 lymphadenectomy (P0.001), lymph node metastases (P = 0.015), and extent of liver metastases (H1 vs. H2 and H3) (P = 0.017) were independent significant prognostic factors for survival.D2 lymphadenectomy plus hepatic surgical treatment may provide hope for long-term survival of judiciously selected patients with hepatic metastases from gastric cancer. Patients with a low degree of lymph node metastases and H1 liver metastases would make the most appropriate candidates. However, if D2 dissection cannot be achieved, hepatic surgical treatment is not recommended.

The seed cell is a core problem in bone tissue engineering research. Recent research indicates that human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) can differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro, which suggests that they may become a new kind of seed cells for bone tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs in vitro and bone-like tissue formation when transplanted with three-dimensional gelatin scaffolds in vivo, and hDPSCs may become appropriate seed cells for bone tissue engineering.We have utilized enzymatic digestion to obtain hDPSCs from dental pulp tissue extracted during orthodontic treatment. After culturing and expansion to three passages, the cells were seeded in 6-well plates or on three-dimensional gelatin scaffolds and cultured in osteogenic medium. After 14 days in culture, the three-dimensional gelatin scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously in nude mice for 4 weeks. In 6-well plate culture, osteogenesis was assessed by alkaline phosphatase staining, Von Kossa staining, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of the osteogenesis-specific genes type I collagen (COL I), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), RUNX2, and osterix (OSX). In three-dimensional gelatin scaffold culture, X-rays, hematoxylin/eosin staining, and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine bone formation.In vitro studies revealed that hDPSCs do possess osteogenic differentiation potential. In vivo studies revealed that hDPSCs seeded on gelatin scaffolds can form bone structures in heterotopic sites of nude mice.These findings suggested that hDPSCs may be valuable as seed cells for bone tissue engineering. As a special stem cell source, hDPSCs may blaze a new path for bone tissue engineering.

We study a set of nonlinear stochastic equations describing a large class of nonlinear multidimensional non-Markovian dynamical systems driven by additive O-U noise, and a class of nonlinear multidimensional differential equations driven by dichotomous noise. By virtue of the stochastic generalization of usual adiabatic approximation, the equations for the order parameters are obtained. The statistical properties of the new stochastic variables are studied.

In this paper, we investigate the net voltage in the Josephson junction subject to a thermal noise, a dc constant bias electric current and an ac time-periodic electric drive for the overdamped case and underdamped case simultaneously. It is shown that, by increasing the thermal noise strength, the net voltage can be decreased and increased several times as a function of the driving frequency. In addition, noise-enhanced stability is found for the net voltage of the junction.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) contained in household refrigerators consist mainly of CFC-11 and CFC-12, which will be eventually released into the environment. Consequentially, environmental releases of these refrigerants will lead to ozone depletion and contribute significantly to the greenhouse effect, if waste refrigerators are not disposed of properly. In the present paper, the potential release of residual CFCs and their substitutes from obsolete household refrigerators in China is examined, and their contributions to ozone depletion and greenhouse effect are compared with those of other recognized ozone-depleting substances (ODS) and greenhouse gases (GHGs). The results imply that annual potential amounts of released residual CFC-11 and CFC-12 will reach their maximums at 4600 and 2300 tons, respectively in 2011, and then decrease gradually to zero until 2020. Meanwhile, the amounts of their most widely used substitutes HCFC-141b and HFC-134a will keep increasing. Subsequently, the contribution ratio of these CFCs and their substitutes to ozone depletion will remain at 25% through 2011, and reach its peak value of 34% by 2018. The contribution to greenhouse effect will reach its peak value of 0.57% by 2010. Moreover, the contribution ratio of these CFCs to the total global release of CFCs will steadily increase, reaching its peak of 15% by 2018. Thus, this period from 2010 to 2018 is a crucial time during which residual CFCs and their substitutes from obsolete household refrigerators in China will contribute significantly to ozone depletion.

Using the Weiss mean-field approximation theory and the particles' transport theory for the spatially periodic stochastic systems, we derive an exact analytical expression for the stationary probability current of a coupled lattice system driven by dichotomous noise. It is shown that, for this coupled lattice system, the spatial asymmetry of the system, the asymmetry of the dichotomous noise, and the coupling among nearest neighbors are the ingredients for the stationary probability current. By applying our theory to two special models, we find that (1) the coupling can lead to the directional transport of the particles (even when the potential and the dichotomous noise are symmetric) and (2) the coupling among nearest neighbors can enhance the transport of the particles in some circumstances. Our results are applied to a device of two-dimensional Josephson-junction arrays and a large protein motors cluster.

A set of nonlinear stochastic differential equations is treated by using the systematic adiabatic approximation and stochastic adiabatic approximation under the circumstance of Stratonovich. Then the results obtained are compared. The comparison shows that the results are identical under the conditions of assumptions of the smallness parameters.

A set of nonlinear stochastic differential equations (NSDE'S) that describes a large class of nonlinear multidimensional non-Markovian dynamical systems driven by the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck(O-U) noises is studied. By virtue of the stochastic generalization of usual adiabatic approximation, we obtain the equation for the order parameter. The statistical properties of the new stochastic variables occurred are studied. The effective Fokker-Planck equation (EFPE) corresponding to the equation for the order parameter is derived and the stationary solution of EFPE is calculated.

Transport properties of a Brownian particle in thermal-inertial ratchets subject to an external time-oscillatory drive and a constant bias force are investigated. Since the phenomena of negative mobility, resonant activation and noise-enhance stability were reported before, in the present paper, we report some additional aspects of negative mobility, resonant activation and noise-enhance stability, such as the ingredients for the appearances of these phenomena, multiple resonant activation peaks, current reversals, noise-weakened stability, and so on.

To observe the effectiveness and adverse reactions of fentanyl used by nasal infusion or intravenous injection in post-operative analgesia in pediatric patients.Forty children, underwent selective lower abdomen surgery under intravenous anesthesia. At the end of operation, 36 patients with the scores6 according to the Objective Pain Scale (OPS) were randomly divided into 2 groups, Group A (n = 17) undergoing nasal administration of fentanyl 0.5 microg/kg, then intravenous injection of 1 ml 0.9% sodium chloride, Group B group (n = 19) undergoing nasal administration of 1 ml 0.9% sodium chloride and then intravenous injection of fentanyl 0.5 microg/kg. Five min later pain scoring was conducted. Those with the OPS scoreor = 2 received the same protocol once, and then scoring was conducted every 1 min. Another 5 min later the same protocol was used to those still with the OPS scoreor = 2 once again. Such a protocol was continued till the OPS scoreor = 2. Sixty min after the first administration, the primary scheme was carried out once per hour until 24 h later.The time needed to achieve the OPS scoreor = 2 of Group A was (16 +/- 5) min, not significantly different from that of Group B [(14 +/- 5) min, P0.05]. The amount of fentanyl used in Group A was (21 +/- 5) microg, significantly higher than that of Group B [(15 +/- 7) microg, P0.05]. When the OPS scoreor = 2 was achieved the dizziness rate of Group B was 31.58%, and the nausea /vomiting rate of Group B was 21.05%, both significantly higher than those of Group A (11.76% and 31.58% respectively, both P0.05), however, there were significant differences in the adverse reaction rates since 12 h after the first administration. There were no significant differences in the OPS score 4 h after the first administration.There are not significant differences in the time needed to achieve the analgesic effect in the pediatric children who undergo lower abdomen surgery. Nasal administration of fentanyl needs a higher dose with a higher comfort and lower adverse reaction rate.

BP artificial neural networks combined with Kohonen networks were used for the simultaneous determination of tungsten and molybdenum by spectrophotometry. First, the topology structure of Kohonen artificial neural networks was studied, and applied to the wavelength selection of the overlapped spectra of tungsten and molybdenum. Then the most informative wavelengths were selected from the full spectra, and absorbance values were used as the optimal input sets of the three-layer BP neural networks. Compared with the routine method of wavelength selection, the results prove that using Kohonen networks to select the most informative wavelengths can optimize the input layer of BP-ANN, and the prediction ability of BP-ANN is improved. So Kohonen networks can be used as a tool for wavelength selection.

The model of an electric circuit with dichotomous resistance is investigated. It is shown that the dichotomous resistance can induce a phenomenon of stochastic giant resonance for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a function of input signal frequency. This phenomenon is a direct consequence of the existence of a zero noise power spectrum, with a nonzero signal power spectrum for the same parameters. In addition, two kinds of the usual stochastic resonance phenomena have been obtained for the SNR. One is as a function of the correlation time of the asymmetric dichotomous resistance; the other is as a function of the input signal frequency.

We report a dilemma produced by the infinity of a random walk moving along a two-dimensional space sidestep. For this random walk, our investigation shows that using a different model can lead to a different diffusion coefficient of the random walk, which is produced by the infinity of the random walk. The result obtained by us in the present work can serve as a warning to us when we build the models to investigate the corresponding scientific problems.

The exact expression of the first moment and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) have been calculated for a linear system subject to an external periodic field as well as a multiplicative asymmetric dichotomous noise, by using the Shapiro-Loginov formula. It has been found that the amplitude of the output signal, and the SNR, respectively, exhibit two kinds of the phenomena of stochastic resonance: one is as the functions of the parameters of the asymmetric dichotomous noise, such as the noise strength $D$, and the parameter $k$ describing the asymmetric degree of the dichotomous noise; the other is as the function of the parameter of the input signal, such as the input signal frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$.

Transport of electron pairs in a superconducting junction device with spatiotemporal noise is investigated. It is shown that, in a superconducting junction device, spatiotemporal noise can appear and induce a nonzero current due to the symmetry breaking induced by the correlation of the spatiotemporal noise with the phase difference. We found that there is a negative current for the electron pairs, exhibiting a well with increasing thermal noise strength. Our results can provide a theoretical foundation for the further investigation of superconducting junctions.

We consider the escape over a fluctuating potential barrier with a three-state Markovian noise. The resonant activations (RA's) for the mean first-passage times as functions of the transition rates ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{1}$, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{2}$, and ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{3}$ of the three-state Markovian noise are obtained, respectively. The effect of the three values of the three-state Markovian noise on the RA's is investigated.

Chaotic noisy transport of electron pairs in a superconducting junction device (thermal-inertia ratchets) is investigated. The study shows that when the temperature is low enough, the transport of the electron pairs can be mainly chaotic; when the temperature is high enough, it can be mainly stochastic. By controlling the temperature and the amplitude of the input ac signal, the current of electron pairs can be reversed.

In this paper, with a special model, we investigate the spatially periodic stochastic system with locally coupled oscillators subject to a constant force F. A nonequilibrium second-order phase transition is found when F= 0. This phase transition is reentrant when the additive noise is weak. With varying the constant force F ,a continuous or discontinuous transition between the states with positive and negative mean fields (m . 0 and m , 0) is observed, which is not a phase transition. The mean field or current sometimes exhibits hysteresis as a function of F. With the variation of the force F, when hysteresis of the mean field or current versus F appears, a nonzero probability current with definite direction will occur at the point F= 0. The correlation between the additive and multiplicative noises has an effect on the transitions and the transport.

The effects of a quenched chaotic signal on the overdamped motion of a driven particle on a periodic, asymmetric potential are studied. It is shown that the chaotic signal can induce ``drift'' motion, the phenomenon of ``resonance,'' and ``diffusion'' motion. The possible applications to experiments on nanoscale surfaces and particle separation are discussed.

A superconducting junctions device is investigated in the case of the environmental perturbation. It is found that a net voltage can be produced, whose absolute value represents a phenomenon of resonance versus the additive noise strength, and may be negative, positive, and zero. By controlling the correlation between the additive and multiplicative noises, a reversal for the net voltage can be induced. The dc voltage versus the dc current is studied. It is shown that (1) with increasing the additive noise strength, the curve of the dc voltage versus the dc current is nearer and nearer to the one for the Ohmic theorem; (2) the behavior of the dc voltage versus the dc current can be manipulated by controlling the noise's strengths. In addition, we study the mean first passage time (MFPT) for the electron pair over a period of the potential, and find that the transition rate (i.e., inverse of the MFPT) can be suppressed by the positive correlations between the additive and multiplicative noises and show a minimum as the function of the noise's strengths.

This paper investigates systems driven by temporal-spatial noise using two models, i.e., a spatially periodic model, and a model with infinite globally coupled oscillators. The study shows that, for the first model, the temporal-spatial noise has a stronger effect on the transport of particles than the usual additive and multiplicative noise; for the second model, the temporal-spatial noise can restrict the appearance of the symmetry-breaking nonequilibrium phase transition, in contrast with the case when the system is driven by the usual multiplicative noise.

In the paper, we investigate two motor proteins moving along the sidesteps: a motor protein moving along a two-dimensional sidestep and another protein moving along a three-dimensional sidestep. The drift coefficients (or stationary average velocities) of these two motor proteins are calculated. We believe that our investigation of the motor proteins moving along the sidesteps in the present paper can benefit the investigation of the transport of the motor proteins to some extent.