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Under investigation in this paper is a (2+1)-dimensional coupled nonlinear Schrodinger system with time-dependent coefficients, in which two perturbation functions, and , are introduced to ...

In this paper, under investigation is the modified nonlinear Schrodinger system, which could be used to describe the behaviors of solitons in an inhomogeneous alpha helical protein. We derive the travelling wave solutions of the system by transforming it to an ordinary differential equation. With those solutions, we analyze the stability of each equilibrium point through the phase-plane analysis. Upon the introduction of a periodic external forcing term, we observe two kinds of the chaotic motions, i.e., weak and developed chaos. We also find that the two chaotic motions can be transformed to each other when we change the strength of the external forcing term. Furthermore, we obtain the periodic motion of the system by balancing the external forcing term and nonlinear term.

In this paper, under investigation is a (2 + 1)-dimensional coupled nonlinear Schrodinger system with time-dependent coefficients, which could describe the attosecond pulses in an optical fiber. Bilinear forms and dark soliton solutions are derived via the Hirota method. Effects of the perturbation function α ( t ) on the dynamics of the solitons, i.e., intensities, velocities and accelerations, are analyzed. With the choice of different perturbation functions, we obtain the linear, parabolic and quasi-periodical dark solitons. α ( t ) is also described as an energy input function to make the optical solitons continue to propagate with the initial velocity when a perturbation happens. To reduce the energy loss, the so-called “optimal” energy input function is introduced to minimize the input energy, and we illustrate the elastic interaction between the two solitons graphically.

Investigated in this paper is a quasigeostrophic two-layer model for the wave packets in a marginally stable or unstable baroclinic shear flow. We find that the wave packets can be modulated by certain long waves, resulting in different behaviors from those in the existing literature. Via the bilinear method, we construct the modulated $N\mathrm{th}$-order ($N=1,2,...$) solitary waves, breathers, and rogue waves for the wave-packet equations. Based on the modulation effects of the long waves, the solitary waves are classified into three types, i.e., Type-I, Type-II, and Type-III solitary waves. Type-I solitary waves, without the modulations, are the bell shaped and propagate with constant velocities; Type-II solitary waves, with the weak modulations, are shape changing within a short time and subsequently return to the bell-shaped state; and Type-III solitary waves, with the strong modulations, show not only the variations of shapes but also the appearances, splits, combinations, and disappearances of certain bulges in the evolution. For the interaction between the two unmodulated solitary waves, two Type-I solitary waves can bring about the oscillations in the interaction zone when they possess different velocities, and bring into being the bound-state, oscillation-state, and bi-oscillation-state solitary waves when they possess the same velocity. For the two interactive modulated solitary waves, bound-state, oscillation-state, and bi-oscillation-state solitary waves with the short-time variations of shapes or appearances of bulges can occur. Due to the modulations of the long waves, breathers and rogue waves are distorted and stretched, mainly in two aspects: one is the evolution trajectories for the breathers; the other is the shape variations for each element of the breathers and rogue waves. Numbers of the peaks and valleys for the rogue waves are adjustable via the modulations. In addition, modulated breathers and rogue waves can degenerate into the M- or W-shaped or multipeak solitary waves under certain conditions.

Under investigation in this paper is the AB system, which is used to describe the baroclinic instability processes in the geophysical flows. With the generalized Darboux transformation, the N th-order ( N = 1 , 2 , 3 , … ) rogue wave solutions of the AB system are obtained via the determinants. It is found that the rogue waves can be split into several small ones with the proper parameter selections, and moreover within the splits the maximum peak values of the rogue waves remain unchanged. Besides, we demonstrate that the configurations of the split rogue waves become adjustable.

In China, nurses have limited presence in schools, thus, adolescent girls often lack accurate information about menstrual health, which may lead to incorrect and unhealthy menstrual-related behavior. This study investigated the effects of a culturally and developmentally tailored nursing intervention on the menstrual health of adolescent girls in China. Following institutional review board approval, adolescent girls aged 12-15 were recruited from two schools. A quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design examined the effects of five interactive education sessions on menstrual health. The final sample included 116 adolescent girls. Significant improvement was observed in the intervention group regarding menstrual knowledge, confidence in performing menstrual healthcare behavior, and dysmenorrhea related self-care behavior. A nurse-managed education program improved adolescent girls' menstrual knowledge, promoted a more positive attitude, encouraged confidence, and improved pain relief practice. We recommend that professional nurses globally advocate for school nursing and routine menstrual health education for adolescent girls.

Under investigation in this paper is the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky-Kaup-Kupershmidt system, which can be used to describe certain situations in fluid mechanics, ocean dynamics and plasma physics. The Nth-order Pfaffian and Wronskian solutions are derived via the Pfaffian and Wronskian techniques, respectively, where N is a positive integer. Asymptotic analysis implies that the interaction between the two solitons is elastic with certain conditions. Furthermore, we obtain the breather waves according to the extended homoclinic test technique. Propagation of the breather waves indicates that the breather waves can evolve periodically along a straight line with a certain angle with the x and y axes, and their wave lengthes, amplitudes and velocities remain unchanged during the propagation.

The aim of this paper was to observe the effect of gambogenic acid on angiogenesis of lung cancer and its preliminary mechanism. After culturing lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, the conditioned medium was treated with gambogenic acid and then used to culture human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to establish the indirect contact cell co-culture system. A two-dimensional culture model of HUVEC was established with matrigel to observe the effect of gambogenic acid on angiogenesis. DAPI staining was used to observe the morphological changes in HUVEC cells after treatment with gambogenic acid under the fluorescence microscope. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry analysis were used to determine gambogenic acid's effect on HUVEC cell apoptosis rate. The protein expressions of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt were measured by Western blot. PTEN-siRNA was transfected into cells, and RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of PI3K and Akt genes. Gambogenic acid can significantly inhibit angiogenesis, and its inhibitory effect was dose-dependent. DAPI staining showed apoptotic morphological features of HUVEC cells under fluorescence microscope. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining showed that gambogenic acid induced apoptosis in HUVECs. The results of Western blot showed that the expressions of p-PI3K and p-Akt protein were down-regulated with gambogenic acid, while the expressions of PI3K and Akt protein was insignificant. The results of RT-PCR indicated that the expressions of PI3K and Akt protein were up-regulated by PTEN siRNA. Gambogenic acid can inhibit angiogenesis in lung cancer in vitro, and the mechanism of inhibiting angiogenesis may be related to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Under investigation in this paper is a higher-order nonlinear Schrodinger equation with space-dependent coefficients, related to an optical fiber. Based on the self-similarity transformation and Hirota method, related to the integrability, the N-th-order bright and dark soliton solutions are derived under certain constraints. It is revealed that the velocities and trajectories of the solitons are both affected by the coefficient of the sixth-order dispersion term while the amplitudes of the solitons are determined by the gain function. Amplitudes increase when the gain function is positive and decrease when the gain function is negative. Furthermore, we find that the intensities of dark solitons are presented as a superposition of the solitons and stationary waves.

Four new naturally occurring steroidal glycosides (leonurosides A–D, 1 – 4 ) were isolated from the dried fruits of Leonurus japonicus (motherwort fruit). Their structures were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The monosaccharide unit was identified to be a 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β- d- glucose and the aglycone is either a common 3β-stigmasterol or 3β-ergosterol derivative. These compounds are the first representatives of steroid N -acetylglucosaminides from vascular plants.

Under investigation in this paper is a generalized sixth-order nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which could describe the attosecond pulses in an optical fiber. Bilinear forms and soliton solutions are derived via the Hirota method. Dynamic behaviors of the solitons are also analyzed. Moreover, we advance a new method, at the heart of which lies the idea that we simplify the limitation of the complex functions to the real ones, to demonstrate that the interaction between the two solitons is elastic and present the mathematical expression of velocity and phase shift of each soliton simultaneously.

Fluids are common in nature, the study of which helps the design of the related industries. Under investigation in this letter is the (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation for an irrotational incompressible fluid. Pfaffian solutions have been obtained based on the Pfaffian technique with the assistance of the real auxiliary function [Formula: see text]. N-soliton solutions with [Formula: see text] are constructed, where y is the scaled space coordinate and [Formula: see text] is the steady stream function in the irrotational incompressible flow. Background shapes of the solutions are affected by [Formula: see text], but the structures of the solutions are affected by the derivative of the log terms in the solutions. Neighborhoods at the origins of the solitons are different in consequence of the different values of the real auxiliary parameter a. One- and two-soliton solutions are illustrated, which are the superpositions of the two kink solitons and different forms of [Formula: see text]. Interactions of the two solitons are presented, from which we see that the velocities, amplitudes and shapes of the two solitons remain unchanged before and after each interaction.

Based on the video data, the paper analyzed the rotation factor sensitivity and diffusion of fractional Fourier transform. During the fractional Fourier transform process, we adopted three ways to process the video data. Through comparison of them, the second way, which is 4byte cast to 1float, is the most suitable for the sensitivity and diffusion analysis. Sensitivity analysis showed that the fractional Fourier transform rotation factor sensitivity and diffusion analysis showed that when any one of elements plus or minus greater than 0.2 times the transform, it would lead to completely fail to recover the original video data of inverse transform.

A method is to be put forward to make the maintenance decision for long-term reserved equipment. The schemes of health management is conceived according to the characteristics of the long-term reserved equipment. Then, it is studied how to define the equipment life distributing by failure data. The method is researched to make the maintenance decision based on the store life rule of long-term reserved equipment. The long-term reserved equipment health management platform is designed. The feasibility of this method is demonstrated by an example. It has some reference value towards the health management of the long-term reserved equipment.

One of important method of equipment support concept evaluation is distributed simulation technology. In the simulation federation development based on HLA/RTI，how to simplify the process of creating federate is an urgent job. This paper proposes an equipment support simulation federate automatically generating framework in order to solve equipment support concept evaluation on diverse level concept. It can be divided into six parts that is federate definition tools, federate interaction modeling tools, federate deploy modeling tools, FED document automated create tools, federate time management tools and EXE document automated create tools. Equipment support simulation federate automatically generating framework can reduce the workload of simulation system exploitation based on HLA by separating high lever service from bottom detail. The application of joint operations equipment support concept evaluation is illustrated. It testify the available and feasible of equipment support simulation federate automatically generating framework.

Ten new triterpenoids, named meliasenins I-R (1-10), one new steroid (11), and 11 related known compounds (12-22) were isolated from fruits of Melia toosendan. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR techniques and mass spectrometry. The relative configuration of 1, (20R*,23E)-25-hydroperoxyeupha-7,23-diene-3β,16β-diol (meliasenin I), was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All isolated triterpenoids (1-10, 12-15) and two steroids (11, 20) were tested for their cytotoxicity against U20S human osteosarcoma and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells using the MTT assay, and some of them were significantly cytotoxic (IC(50)

Under investigation in this letter is a (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional Sawada-Kotera equation. With the aid of the bilinear forms derived from the Bell polynomials, the Nth-order soliton solutions are obtained via the Pffafian method, and breather solutions are derived with the ansätz method. Analytic solutions obtained via the Pffafian method are the bell-type solitons. Two different kinds of the homoclinic breathers are seen, one of which is real and the other of which is complex, with two breathers interacting with each other. Homoclinic breather wave can evolve periodically along a straight line with a certain angle with the x axis and y axis, and its velocity, amplitude and width remain unchanged during the propagation. Homoclinic breather wave is not only space-periodic but also time-periodic. Interaction between the two breathers is elastic, which is similar to that of the solitons.

Under investigation in this paper is a (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient shallow water wave equation which can be reduced to several integrable equations, such as the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation and the Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff (CBS) equation. Bilinear forms, Bäcklund transformation, Lax pair and infinite conservation laws are derived based on the binary Bell polynomials. N-soliton solutions are constructed via the Hirota method. Propagation and interaction of the solitons are illustrated graphically: (i) variable coefficients affect the shape of the N-soliton interaction in the scaled space and time coordinates; (ii) positions of the solitons depend on the sign of wave numbers after each interaction; (iii) interaction of the solitons is elastic, i.e. the amplitude, velocity and shape of each soliton remain invariant after each interaction except for a phase shift.

To discuss the mechanism of gambogenic acid (GNA) in inducing the apoptosis of melanoma B16 cells.The inhibitory effect of GNA on the proliferation of B16 cells was measured by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The effect of GNA on B16 cells was detected by the Hoechst 33258 staining. The transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultra-structure changes of B16 cells. The changes in PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, p-mTOR, PTEN proteins were detected by the Western blotting to discuss the molecular mechanism of GNA in inducing the apoptosis of B16 cells.GNA showed a significant inhibitory effect in the growth and proliferation of melanoma B16 cells. The cell viability remarkably decreased with the increase of GNA concentration and the extension of the action time. The results of the Hoechst 33258 staining showed that cells processed with GNA demonstrated apparent apoptotic characteristics. Under the transmission electron microscope, B16 cells, after being treated with GNA, showed obvious morphological changes of apoptosis. The Western blot showed a time-dependent reduction in the p-PI3K and p-Akt protein expressions, with no change in p-PI3K and p-Akt protein expression quantities. The p-mTOR protein expression decreased with the extension of time, where as the PTEN protein expression showed a time-dependent increase.GNA could inhibit the proliferation of melanoma B16 cells and induce their apoptosis within certain time and concentration ranges. Its mechanism in inducing the cell apoptosis may be related to PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways.

To study the effect and mechanism of polyphyllin I on human cervical cancer cell HeLa.The cell growth and proliferation effect of Polyphyllin I on HeLa cells were measured by MTT assay; Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining was used to record changes in cell morphology and morphological changes in mitochondria of Polyphyllin I before and after treatment on He La cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was used to detect the ratio of tumor cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. Release of intracellular re active oxygen species (ROS) generation level in HeLa cells was determined by flow cytometry,Caspase-3 activity was measured by fluorescent assay kits.MTT results showed that Polyphyllin I could significantly suppressed the proliferation of HeLa cells and in time-and concentration-dependence manner. The intracellular ROS levels were increased dramatically and the mitochondrial membrane was decreased consistently. Caspase-3 proteins expression levels were increased after Polyphyllin I treatment.Polyphyllin I could inhibit HeLa cells growth and proliferation and its mechanism may be related to inducing cell apoptosis.

Energy transfer between S -phenyl 1-thionaphthoate (1-SPTN) and several triplet-state energy donors and acceptors were studied by transient absorption spectra. The results indicate that the energy transfer can occur efficiently either from energy donors to 1-SPTN or from 1-SPTN to energy acceptors. The energy transfer rate constant of xanthene to 1-SPTN is 1.4 × 10 10 s −1 mol −1 dm 3 . This means that the energy transfer process is diffusion controlled. The triplet-state energy of 1-SPTN is about 252 kJ mol −1 , estimated from the energy transfer processes and the phosphorescence emission. Photolysis of 1-SPTN results in two main products: diphenyldisulphide and 1,1′-binaphthyl. The photolysis proceeds via the triplet state mainly, as proved by external magnetic effect.

Four ( 1 – 4 ) hitherto unknown and seven ( 5 – 11 ) known ergostane-type sterols were isolated from the EtOH extract of the dried fruiting bodies of the polypore macrofungus Fomes fomentarius . On the basis of spectroscopic analysis, the structures of polyhydroxylated sterols 1 – 4 were elucidated to be (22 E ,24 R )-3 β ,5 α ,6 β ,14 α -tetrahydroxyergosta-7,9(11),22-triene (fomentarol A, 1 ), (22 E ,24 R )-3 β ,5 β ,6 α ,7 α -tetrahydroxy-8 α ,9 α -dihydroergosta-14,22-diene (fomentarol B, 2 ), (22 E ,24 R )-3 β ,5 α -dihydroxy-6 β -ethoxyergosta-7,22-diene (fomentarol C, 3 ), and (22 E ,24 S )-3 β ,25-dihydroxy-15 α - O - β - d -glucopyranosylergosta-7,22-dien-6-one (fomentarol D, 4 ), respectively. Rings A/B and B/C are in turn cis -fused in compound 2 , which is uncommon in natural ergostane-type sterols. The potential biogenetic relationship of 2 and other ergostane-type sterols isolated from F. fomentarius was briefly discussed. Moderate cytotoxic effects of the isolated sterols against a small panel of human cancer cell lines were also established.

The methanol extract of the whole plant of Hedyotis chrysotricha demonstrated cytotoxicity against SK-HEP-1 human hepatocarcinoma cells in a primary screening for novel antitumour agents. Bioassay-guided fractionation and purification led to an active principle (24S)-ergostane-3β,5α,6β-triol (1) along with four inactive compounds (2-5). The in vitro transwell migration assay showed that compound 1 remarkably reduced the migration of SK-HEP-1 cells by 78.9% at a dose of 30 µM, without any apoptotic effect on this cell line. Moreover, all the isolated compounds were further evaluated for their cytotoxicities against another four human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, NUGC3, SH-SY5Y and PC-3).

To investigate the epidemiological significance of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus (HFRSV) infection in domestic pigs in Shandong province, and study the role of domestic pigs in the prevalence of HFRS.Epidemiological investigation was performed in 4 cities of Shandong province. Reversed passive hemagglutination assay (RPHA), reversed passive hemagglutination inhibition (RPHI), HPR-SPA, immunofluorescent antibody (IFA), and reverse transcriptional PCR (RT-PCR) were used to detect antigen and antibody of HFRSV.HFRSV antigen and antibody were detected in the heart, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, blood, urine, and stool of domestic pigs as well as in the sewage of the pigpen facilities. The positivity rate of HFRSV antigen ranged from 3.33% to 5.00% in the organ of pigs, and HFRSV positivity rate in the blood, urine, stool, and sewage was 3.67%, 7.04%, 2.51%, and 5.56%, respectively, with a total serum antibody positivity rate of 1.96%. The virus was isolated from the HFRSV antigen-positive samples, and could infect many organs after artificial infection of the pigs. HFRSV antigen can be detected in suckling rat brain and histopathological examination suggested transient pathological changes in such organs as the liver, lung and kidney. HFRSV may proliferate in pigs and was discharged through multiple routes.Domestic pigs can be the host of HFRSV for the viral transmission.

To clarify the gene type of Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot) from Shandong province.Nested-polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was used to identify the gene type of 23 isolated Ot strains, 2 pools of homogenized leptotrombidium (L.) scutellare, 10 blood specimens of scrub typhus patients, and at the same time to compare with the international reference strains Gilliam, Karp, Kato. Sequencing analysis of the Sta56 gene was also used to further identify the precise gene types.Of the 35 samples, 33 had the same products in the amplification of template Ot-DNA. They all belonged to Kawasaki strains endemic in Japan while 2 (FXS4 and LHGM2 strain) belonged to Karp strains. The Sta56 gene sequence homologies to Japan Kawasaki strain of the 2 representative strains (B-16 and FXS2 strain) of the 33 samples were 94.22%, 95.21% respectively, but they were less than 75.87% to other prototype strains; The homologies to Karp strain of FXS4 and LHGM2 strain were 83.03%, 96.45% respectively. B-16 and FXS2 strain were designated as of types strain Japan Kawasaki, FXS4 and LHGM2 as Karp strain.The results indicated that the dominant Ot strains in Shandong Province were similar to Kawasaki strains, but Karp strains also existed.

To evaluate the relationship between idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and two polymorphisms (C243G and A377T) of the gamma-synuclein gene in a Chinese Han population of Shanghai area.Polymorphic genotyping was performed with PCR-RPLP technique. Association analysis was carried out in 145 unrelated idiopathic PD patients and 184 age-matched healthy controls.The authors failed to detect any distributional difference of the C243G and A377T polymorphisms of the gamma-synuclein gene between PD cases and control subjects, nor did they find any association.These data do not support that gamma-synuclein gene C243G and A377T polymorphisms are involved in idiopathic PD onset in the Han population of Shanghai area.

To investigate the correlation between the polymorphism of dopamine beta hydroxylase(DBH) gene and the susceptibility of Shanghai Chinese Han population to Parkinson's disease(PD).Association study was performed in 144 PD patients and 188 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex and origin. Polymorphism of DBH gene was analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.The allelic frequency of A2 allele of DBH gene was significantly higher in PD patients than in controls(P0.01).The risk of suffering from PD increased (OR=1.82) in the individual with A2 allele. And the genotypic frequency of A2/A2 was significantly higher in PD patients(OR=2.11, P0.01),too. On the other hand, the allelic frequency of A1 allele and the genotypic frequency of A1/A2 genotype of DBH gene in PD patients were significantly lower(A1 alleles: OR=0.54, P0.01; A1/A2 genotypes: OR=0.45, P0.01).The polymorphism in DBH gene might play an important role in the susceptibility of Shanghai Chinese Han population to PD.