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Preparation of two-component materials having morphologies with bicontinuous minor and major components is challenging. An innovative method has been developed to synthesize bicontinuous polymeric monoliths based on high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating. This work demonstrated a protocol of dual-hydrophobic bicontinuous material of glassy polystyrene (PS) and elastic poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA). The PS scaffold was prepared through polymerizing styrene (St) as the external phase of HIPE with an aqueous free radical initiator, in the presence of divinylbenzene (DVB) as a crosslinker. The resulting PS scaffolds were then employed as templates to absorb butyl acrylate (BA) mixed with ethylene glycol dimethylacrylate (EGDMA). Results suggested that the polymeric monoliths possessed a bicontinuous structure and good compatibility in the bulk state. This work provides a new approach for the synthesis of bicontinuous two-component materials.

To analyze the regularity of acupoint selection in the treatment of insomnia by using catgut embedding so as to provide reference and evidence for clinical application.Sixty-six studies about acupoint catgut embedding treatment of insomnia published from 1996 to 2017 were finally selected from the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Journal of Science and Technology of VIP (VIP), and WanFang Database. The Excel 2016 software was used for data processing and analysis, SPSS 21.0 was employed for descriptive and cluster analyses, and the Clementine 12.0 software was employed to analyze the association regularities of the most frequently used acupoints or acupoint recipes.The most frequently selected main acupoints for insomnia by using catgut embedment are Xinshu (BL 15), Shenshu (BL 23), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Pishu (BL 20), Ganshu (BL 18), combined with adjuvant acupoints Danshu (BL 19) and Fenglong (ST 40). The most frequently selected channels are the Bladder and Stomach Meridians, and the most frequently involved body positions are the back and lower limbs. Effective clusterings are BL 20-SP 6, Shenmen (HT 7)-Anmian, ST 40-Shenting (GV 24), Qihai (CV 6)-Jueyinshu (BL 14). Descriptive analysis indicated: ①The stronger correlation acupoint groups between back-shu points are BL 18-BL 23; BL 18，BL 15-BL 23; BL 18，BL 20，BL 15-BL 23. ②The stronger correlation acupoint groups between common acupoints are Neiguan (PC 6)，Zusanli (ST 36) -SP 6; PC 6, HT 7 - SP 6.③The stronger correlation acupoint groups between common acupoints and back-shu points are BL 18, SP 6-BL 23; PC 6, BL 23 - SP 6; ST 36, PC 6, BL 15 - SP 6; BL 18，BL 15，SP 6 - BL 23.Acupoint catgut embedding therapy is effective in the treatment of insomnia, being worthy of further popularization in clinical practice.

Thermal exfoliation is a popular approach to prepare thin-layered graphene in large scale. Generally believed that the microstructure and surface chemistry of the products could tailored by the variation of ambient gas pressure, temperature, acid and organic substances during thermal exfoliation of graphite oxide (GO). In this work, we investigated the effect of physical pre-treatment process and acid assisting on the texture, surface state and electrochemical performance of the resulting thermal exfoliated graphene, and found that the different physical pre-treatment process had great influence on the microstructure and specific surface area of graphene. Especially the graphene formed by sonication treatment consisted by thin layers with lots of wrinkles delivered the highest specific surface area of 678 m 2 /g. Adding volatile acid in the process of pre-treatment could decrease their specific surface area. But the graphene obtained with acid assisting was possessed of larger pore volume and improved conductivity which promoted their electrochemical performance effectively. The important role of physical pre-treatment process and acid assisting process in expansion-exfoliation of GO was discussed in detail in this work.

Wastewater contaminated with oil or organic compounds poses threats to the environment and humans. Efficient separation of oil and water are highly desired yet still challenging. This paper reports the fabrication of a smart fiber membrane by depositing pH-responsive copolymer fibers on a stainless steel mesh through electrospinning. The cost-effective precursor material poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PMMA-b-P4VP) was synthesized using copper(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. The pH-responsive P4VP and the underwater oleophilic/hydrophilic PMMA confer the as-prepared membrane with switchable surface wettability toward water and oil. The three-dimensional network structure of the fibers considerably strengthens the oil/water wetting property of the membrane, which is highly desirable in the separation of oil and water mixtures. The as-prepared fiber membrane accomplishes gravity-driven pH-controllable oil/water separations. Oil selectively passes through the membrane, whereas water remains at the initial state; after the membrane is wetted with acidic water (pH 3), a reverse separation is realized. Both separations are highly efficient, and the membrane also exhibits switchable wettability after numerous cycles of the separation process. This cost-effective and easily mass-produced smart fiber membrane with excellent oil-fouling repellency has significant potential in practical applications, such as water purification and oil recovery.

This work presents a new idea to fabricate an enzyme glucose sensor. A bio-composite was assembled by in situ reducing Ag+ to Ag in glucose oxidase (GOD) solution. In this way, metallic silver can directly deposit onto the GOD surface and induce tight contact between Ag and GOD. The obtained composites were characterized by FESEM, EDS mapping, FTIR, CD, and electrochemical measurements. The Ag–GOD composite formed by an in situ reducing process exhibits facile, direct electrochemistry and good electrocatalytic performance without any electron mediator. The designed glucose biosensor shows high sensitivity, high selectivity, long life and accurate measurement in real serum samples, which is contributed to by a fast, direct electron transfer due to close proximity between Ag and GOD.

Thermo-responsive brush copolymers poly(methyl methacrylate (MMA)- co -2-(2-bromoisobutyryloxy)ethyl methacrylate (BIEM)- graft -(N-isopropyl-acrylamide) (NIPAAm)) were synthesized using Cu-mediated “living” radical polymerization (LRP) approach. Varied grafting densities of the brushes were obtained through adjusting backbone structure as random, gradient and block respectively. The effect of grafting densities on their thermo-responsive phase transition behaviors in aqueous solution and on surface were investigated in detail. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of brush copolymers in solution was adjusted as 35, 37 and 38 °C through random, gradient and block backbone structure respectively. Their structure tunable thermo-responsive phase transition in solution were further confirmed by the different micelle aggregation behaviors above LCST which monitored by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In addition, surfaces modified by the resulted brush copolymers have a temperature tunable wettability based on thermo-responsive phase transition in solid, the similar WCA variation range of three brush copolymers implies that the composition of backbone does not much affect the switchable wettability of surfaces.

To observe the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on ileus-postope-rative gastrointestinal functions and plasma ghrelin, motilin, and gastrin contents, and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery, so as to explore the interaction of vagus-brain-gut peptide.A total of 58 patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery were randomly assigned to TEAS (Postoperative gastrointestinal motility:compared with the sham-TEAS group, the first bowel sound and the first defecation after surgery appeared apparently earlier in the TEAS group (TEAS can promote gastrointestinal activities (i.e., reducing the time spending of first bowel sound and the first defecation) in gastrointestinal surgery patients, which may be related to its effects in up-regulating ghrelin and motilin contents and parasympathetic activity.

Intrinsically low conductivity and poor reactivity restrict many semiconductors from electrochemical detection. Usually, metal- and carbon-based modifications of semiconductors are necessary, making them complex, expensive, and unstable. Here, for the first time, we present a surface-electronic-state-modulation-based concept applied to semiconductors. This concept enables pure semiconductors to be directly available for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of heavy-metal ions without any modifications. As an example, a defective single-crystalline (001) TiO

A series of thermal-responsive block copolymers, i.e., poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PMMA-b-PNIPAAm), were successfully synthesized via successive copper(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization technology. Thermal properties of block copolymers with different PNIPAAm chain lengths were investigated by differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The well-separated glass transition temperature values shown in DSC results indicate that two chemically different blocks, PNIPAAm and PMMA, are incompatible and phase-segregated. The thermal degradation results show that the thermal stability of these copolymers was improved through incorporating the PNIPAAm segments. The PMMA120-b-PNIPAAm86 and PMMA120-b-PNIPAAm130 maintain stability and undergo one-stage degradation when the temperature increases above 360 °C. Because of the synergistic effect of copolymer composition and copolymer film roughness, the obtained reversible thermal...

A new chemical product, that is, photoreversibly switchable hydrophobic surface coating, was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization and graft-from method based on molecular design. Focusing on the strategy of new product development from the chemical product engineering perspective, the product characterization, switching mechanism analysis, performance evaluation, and model interpretation were carried out to confirm the new product manufacture and to ensure the product application with a following aging test. The results show that the product enables surfaces to have reversibly switchable wettability and excellent stability after a month-long test with eight irradiation cycles. Additionally, the wetting behavior of silicon surface can be tuned between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity based on blank sample using the surface engineering technique (decorated with functional film and surface roughening). The product presented here can be utilized for constructing a hydrophobic surface with photo-induced controllable wettability in moisture-resistance, and it also offers a new technique for the manipulation of liquids in microfluidic devices. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 4211–4221, 2014

National Natural Science Foundation of China [21276213]; State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Tsinghua University [SKL-ChE-13A05]; Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Optimization for Chemical Processes of the National Ministry of Education of China [2012ACOCP03]

The efficiency of 2 samples of alumina catalyst has been studied experimentally in the course of the Claus 'tail gas' treating processes at the sulphur sub-dew point. The process was carded out in a fixed bed reactor. The sulphur produced in the reaction condenses on the solid surface contributing to its deactivation by fouling. Sulphur incorporation into the solid is governed by internal diffusion of the reactants in microdomains of the porous network, the factors affecting the latter being of capital importance in the occupation degree of the solid. The textural characteristics of the catalysts supports were studied by porosimetric techniques: nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and mercury intrusion. The surface morphology of catalyst and sulfur distribution on catalyst before and after adsorption is determined by SEM-EDX. The results show that, there has some relevance between the surface change and pore volume change. And in the low temperature Claus sulfur recovery catalyst, pore volume should be mor important than the surface area.

In this paper, we investigate the well-known permutation flow shop (PFS) scheduling problem with a particular objective, the minimization of total idle energy consumption of the machines. The problem considers the energy waste induced by the machine idling, in which the idle energy consumption is evaluated by the multiplication of the idle time and power level of each machine. Since the problem considered is NP-hard, theoretical results are given for several basic cases. For the two-machine case, we prove that the optimal schedule can be found by employing a relaxed Johnson’s algorithm within O([Formula: see text]) time complexity. For the cases with multiple machines (not less than 3), we propose a novel NEH heuristic algorithm to obtain an approximate energy-saving schedule. The heuristic algorithms are validated by comparison with NEH on a typical PFS problem and a case study for tire manufacturing shows an energy consumption reduction of approximately [Formula: see text] by applying the energy-saving scheduling and the proposed algorithms.

The hydrophobic microporous membranes were prepared from a blend system by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process. The polymer blend system was isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/ high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and the diluent was soybean oil. The effects of the mass ratio of iPP and HDPE and the initial concentration of blending on the membranes structure were both investigated. Additionally, the influence of the feed temperature and the feed rate on the VMD performance of iPP/HDPE blend membranes was also investigated. For 0.5M aqueous NaCl solution, the VMD flux and reject ratio of the membranes reached 8.7kg/(m2·h) and nearly 100% under the optimum conditions (mass ration of iPP/HDPE was 6:1, and intial blend concentration was 38%), respectively.

Controlled synthesis surface-clean monolayer graphene was achieved. Monolayer Graphene was achieved by mechanical exfoliation (ME) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD),and then transferred to SiO2 (300nm)/Si substrates. There were tape residues left on the surface of the ME graphene, and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/photoresist residues left on the surface of the CVD graphene after the transferring and lithography process. Annealing method was used to clean all these kinds of residues. Annealing processes were performed at different temperatures in both vacuum and N2/H2. It is conclude that N2/H2 is crucial for the removing of residues, and 400°C is favorable for removing the residues. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images and Raman spectra were taken to confirm the effect of the annealing.

In this work, fluorinated nonamphiphilic gradient copolymers of tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) and 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFBMA) [poly(tBA-grad-HFBMA)] were first synthesized by semibatch atom transfer radical copolymerization of tBA and HFBMA. Their hydrolysis at acidic conditions led to amphiphilic poly(acrylic acid-grad-HFBMA). The chemical compositions and structures of these copolymers were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. Their surface properties were evaluated with water contact angle measurement and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The micellization behaviors of amphiphilic copolymer were also studied by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The results showed that the fluorinated and amphiphilic gradient copolymers could self-assemble in a dilute solution to form aggregates of morphologies. Furthermore, the effect of pH on the aggregates was investigated to verify that the resulting gradient copolymers were to some extent pH sensitive. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013

In this paper we report the preparation and characterization of the NbxSi1−x films which would be used as Josephson junction barrier layer. The compositional dependence of dc magnetron co-sputtered NbxSi1−x films on sputtering power is analyzed using Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS) respectively. The corresponding resistivity measurements of NbxSi1−x films indicate that the film resistivity could be controlled from 0.28 to about 1.29 mΩ·cm which is useful for resistance adjustment of Josephson junction barrier layer. The surface morphology of the NbxSi1−x films is studied by atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

As the economy develops, the income gap, especially the gap in the internal rural areas has become a key problem in realizing the common prosperity. The rural financial development level is connected to every aspect of rural production and it must have some effects on the rural income gap in some way. This paper chose the data from 1985 to 2009 of Jiangsu, Henan and Guangxi province as typical provinces in eastern, central and western China, to make an empirical analysis on the effect of rural financial development on farmers' income gap. The paper chose rural financial development scale and rural financial development efficiency as indicators of the financial development level and the Gini coefficient as the indicator to measure the rural income gap. The result shows that the rural financial development level narrows farmers' income gap in Jiangsu Province while the rural financial development level in Henan and Guangxi Province expands the gap. The relationship between rural financial development level and rural income gap is presenting a weak inverted U-shape curve.

Recent studies have demonstrated that gradient copolymers exhibit unique thermal properties. Although these properties can be determined by copolymer composition, other factors such as chain and sequence lengths and their distributions can also influence them. Accordingly, the synthe- sis of gradient copolymers requires simultaneously tailor- made chain structure and thermal properties. In this work, we carried out a systematic study on the preparation of poly(- methyl methacrylate-grad-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(- MMA-grad-HEMA)) with synchronously tailor-made chain composition distribution and glass transition temperature (Tg) through semibatch atom transfer radical polymerization. First, a comprehensive model for simultaneously predicting gradient copolymer microstructure and Tg was presented using the concept of pseudo-kinetic rate coefficients and Johnston equa- tion. The model was validated by comparing simulation results with the classical reference data. Furthermore, the model was used to guide the experimental synthesis of the poly(MMA-grad-HEMA) gradient copolymers potentially as excellent damping material. The thermal properties of these gradient copolymer samples were evaluated. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 50: 3052- 3066, 2012

A group of model tests were designed to study the effect of horizontal load on the vertical bearing capacity of disk pile. Three double-disk piles were used in the test, and the distance of the two disks is 5 times as the disk diameter. Drew a horizontal load H=100N/200N/300N on the top of pile1/2/3 respectively, and put on the vertical load stage by stage, then studied the differences of three piles’ bearing properties such as changes of the pile bending moment, the horizontal and vertical deformation on the top, and soil pressure around the pile. Experiment showed that when the horizontal load is quite small, the existence of horizontal load has little to do with vertical bearing capacity. When the load reached a certain level, the p-∆ effect under the vertical load will significantly affect the vertical bearing capacity of the pile. Especially during the initial time while there is a large horizontal displacement or rotation generated by the horizontal load, the pile’s bearing capacity is controlled by the horizontal displacement.

Supplier selection is a MADM problem. In this paper, a new method to deal with the supplier selection problem is proposed. The work procedure is as follows: firstly, perfects the method of comparing grey numbers with their probability distribution. Secondly, applies the method of multiple attribute decision making based on dominance-base rough sets to the supplier selection problem. Finally, an example of supplier selection problem is used to illustrate the proposed approach.

Novel fluorinated gradient copolymer was designed for smart surface with light-responsive controllable wettability and excellent stability. The switchable mechanism and physicochemical characteristics of the as-prepared surface decorated by designed polymeric material were investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrum, scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Thanks to the functional film and surface roughening, etched silicon surface fabricated by copolymer involving spiropyran (Sp) moieties possesses a fairly large variation range of WCA (28.1°) and achieves the transformation between hydrophilicity (95.2°109.2°) and hydrophobicity (123.3°109.2°) relative to blank sample (109.2°). The synthetic strategy and developed smart surface offer a promising application in coating with controllable wettability, which bridge the gap between chemical structure and material properties.

To study the chemical constituents of the leaf of Salix matsudana.The chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and MPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.Eight compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as beta-Sitosterol(1),5,7-Dihydroxychromone-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(2), (2S)-Helichrysin A(3), (2R)-Helichrysin A(4), Luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside(5), Salicin(6), Apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranside(7), Lutelion-3'-methylether-7-O-f-D-glucopyranside(8).Compounds 1-4 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Cesarean scar pregnancy is an uncommon ectopic gestation. Without timely and proper management, it may cause major bleeding, uterine rupture, and other life-threatening complications. The causes of this condition remain unclear, and no standardized management has been available, although some medical and surgical treatment modalities have been suggested. The main treatment objectives include preventing massive blood loss, preserving the uterus function, and maintain the women's health and quality of life. Current data do not support expectant management. After early diagnosis, single or combined medical and surgical treatment options should be provided to avoid uterine rupture and haemorrhage, so as to preserve the uterus and thus the fertility.

To evaluate the clinical value and specificity of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in early diagnosis of sepsis.A prospective study was performed. Data of patients with sepsis were consecutively collected from September 2007 to December 2012 according to the international criteria for the diagnosis of sepsis, and that of 114 patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and the cadre health care ward were divided into three groups: systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) group (n=37), sepsis group (n=41) and severe sepsis group (including severe sepsis and septic shock, n=36). Venous blood of each patient was drawn instantly when admitted to ICU. The concentration of plasma ANP in each group was determined on the 1st day using a new type of sandwich immunofluorescence assay, and other biomarkers, such as procalcitonin (PCT, detected with double antibody immunochemi luminometry), blood lactic acid (detected with electrode meter), and C-reactive protein (CRP, detected with immunonephelometric analysis), and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHEII) score was recorded. APACHEII score and biomarkers were compared among three groups. The risk factor for severity was confirmed with stepwise regression, and the value of each index in early diagnosis of sepsis was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.The plasma concentration of ANP exhibited a gradual increase with the aggravation of the disease, and the median ANP value was found to be highest in the severe sepsis group compared with SIRS group and sepsis group [μg/L: 0.26 (0.22) vs. 0.19 (0.05), 0.21 (0.08), P0.01 and P0.05]. The regression equation was established at y=0.69 + 0.66APACHEIIscore + 1.285 ANP value, with group as independent variable, and APACHEII score, ANP, PCT, CRP and blood lactic acid value as dependent variables. It could be concluded that APACHEII score and ANP value were correlated with severity of sepsis, and accordingly they were regarded as the independent predictors of severity of sepsis. It was found through the ROC curve analysis of ANP in the sepsis patients, that the area under the ROC curve for ANP [0.805, P=0.000, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.726-0.883, sensitivity 75.8%, specificity 78.4%] was similar with the area under the APACHEII score (0.820, P=0.000, 95%CI 0.742-0.897, sensitivity 68.4%, specificity 78.4%), and it was apparently higher than AUCs of PCT (0.716, P=0.000, 95%CI 0.622-0.810, sensitivity 67.1%, specificity 62.2%), CRP (0.569, P=0.236, 95%CI 0.463-0.675, sensitivity 76.3%, specificity 41.5%), or blood lactic acid (0.566, P=0.254, 95%CI 0.453-0.679, sensitivity 75.0%, specificity 48.6%).Plasma ANP concentration is clinically valuable in early diagnosis and severity assessment of sepsis, and it is more specific and sensitive than biomarkers PCT and CRP.

To study the relationship between chromosome polymorphism and clinical effect of reproductive abnormalities, we prepared chromosomes from peripheral blood lymphocytes and carried out G/C banding and karyotype analyses. Out of 1 414 cases who came in for genetic counseling, 273 had chromosome abnormalities. Among these 273 cases, 180 cases (65.93%) were karyotype variations, with the remaining 93 cases (34.07%) being non-polymorphic chromosomal abnormalities. Karyotype variations included 10 cases of satellite increases in the D/G group, 35 cases of secondary constriction increases, 99 cases of big or small Y chromosome, 6 cases of pericentric inversion of chromosome Y and 30 cases of pericentric inversion of chromosome 9. These results indicated that clinical effect such as abortion, sterility, stillbirth and congenital malformation are mainly related to chromosome polymorphisms.

Effect of Ce(III) on photochemical reaction activity in soybean seedlings exposed to ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280 - 320 nm) was studied with hydroponics under laboratory conditions. The results showed that CeCl3 (20 mg x L(-1)) could improve photosynthesis action and net photosynthesis rate, the Mg(2+) -ATPase activeness, the photosynthetic phosphorylation active and stimulate the activity of Hill reaction (23.2% - 14.3%). And Ce(III) could alleviate the inhibition of UV-B (T1 = 0.15 W x m(-2) and T2 = 0.45 W x m(2-)) on the four indexes above in plants to a certain extent, and the decreasing degrees of the indexes under Ce(III) and UV-B stress were lower than those only under UV-B stress, which were 36.6% - 15.9% [Ce(III) + T1 ], 65.6% - 33.2% [Ce(III) + T2], 50.9% - 23.3% (T1), 77.3% - 51.4% (T2) respectively. The dynamic data indicated that Ce(III) could alleviate the inhibition of UV-B on the four indexes above while promoting without UV-B stress. The results showed that Ce(III) could alleviate the decrease in the net photosynthesis rate by lightening the damage of the photochemical reaction activity on the soybean seedings under UV-B stress.

The study was aimed to investigate the value of activated plasma clotting time (APCT) for estimating the efficacy of platelet transfusion therapy. There were twenty patients with hematological diseases, who received transfusion of platelet, involved in the test. APCT was determined before and after transfusion of these patients, then APCT was contrasted with corresponding CCI and PPR. The results showed that 1 hour and 24 hour APCTs were shortened obviously. APCT before transfusion was (103.7 +/- 11.3) seconds, but the 1 hour and 24 hour APCTs were shortened to (60.0 +/- 9.7) seconds and (68.5 +/- 9.8) seconds respectively (P0.01). According to the judging criteria of CCI and PPR (CCI and PPR values at 1 and 24 hours after transfusion are7500,5000 and30%,20% respectively, the transfusion is invalid), two patients received invalid transfusion. Their 1 and 24 hour CCIs were 7415, 2966 and 6913, 4988 respectively. Their 1 and 24 hour PPRs were 28.0%, 11.2% and 25.2%, 14.1% respectively. One patient's PPR reached the standard of invalid transfusion, but his CCI showed a valid transfusion he received. Two patients' PPR reached the standard of invalid transfusion, but their 1 hour CCI reached the standard of valid transfusion, and their 24 hour CCI reached the standard of invalid transfusion. It is concluded that APCT reflects the variations of quantity and quality of platelet simultaneously, and can evaluate precisely the efficacy of platelet transfusion.

Many theoretical and experimental works have been done to understand the several characteristics of the Bi 2 Sr 2 YCu 2 O 8 . Since the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a powerful tool to analyze the electronic and magnetic properties of paramagnetic impurities in compounds, studies on the above EPR parameters would be helpful to the investigations of the characteristics for the superconductors. In this paper, EPR parameters anisotropic g factors g x , g y , g z , and the hyperfine structure constants A x , A y and A z of the two orthorhombic Yb 3+ centers in Bi 2 Sr 2 YCu 2 O 8 are theoretically studied from the perturbation formulas of these parameters for a 4f 13 ion in orthorhombic symmetry. In these formulas, the contributions due to the admixtures of various states are taken into account, and the orthorhombic field parameters are obtained from the superposition model and the local structure of the impurity Yb 3+ ion occupying the host Bi 3+ site. The calculated EPR parameters are reasonable agree with the observed values.

The calculated EPR parameters are in reasonable agreement with the observed values. The important material Cs 2 NaYCl 6 doped with rare earth ions have received much attention because of its excellent optical and magnetic properties. Based on the superposition model, in this paper the crystal field energy levels, the electron paramagnetic resonance parameters g factors of Dy 3+ and hyperfine structure constants of 161 Dy 3+ and 163 Dy 3+ isotopes in Cs 2 NaYCl 6 crystal are studied by diagonalizing the 42 × 42 energy matrix. In the calculations, the contributions of various admixtures and interactions such as the J-mixing, the mixtures among the states with the same J-value, and the covalence are all considered. The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the observed values. The results are discussed.

A series of brush copolymers (i.e. poly(methyl methacrylate (MMA)-co-2-(2-bromoisobutyryloxy)ethyl methacrylate (BIEM)-graft-acrylic acid (AA))) having three backbone composition profiles, i.e. random, gradient and block, were synthesized via the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)/model-based semibatch ATRcoP and the “grafting from” method. These samples allowed us to systematically investigate the effects of the composition profile (including the grafting density corresponding to the composition profile) on the micelle formation and pH responsivity of the brush copolymers in solution. FTIR, 1H NMR and GPC were used to provide evidence for the formation of the well-defined brush copolymers. TEM, light transmittance and DLS were used to investigate the self-assembly and pH responsivity of the resulting copolymers. It was found that the micelles formed by these copolymers underwent a different conformational transition caused by the change from acidic to basic in the solution. These transitions were mainly influenced by pH and composition profile since the composition profile also had a strong effect on the acid-dissociation degree of the brush copolymer.

Objective This study was aimed to determine the optimal concertration of C-PG in activated plasma clotting time (APCT) test and build the APCT test.To investigate the value of activated plasma clotting time test (APCT) on predicting the bleeding due to Leukemia chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. Method We collected healthy blood donors’venous blood, prepared watched platelet suspension and platelet rich plasma in a normal way to which we add different concertrations of C-PG, then test expression of AnnexinV in the surface of activated platelet by FCM. Prepared platelet rich plasma and platelet poor plasma in a normal way to which we add different concertrations of C-PG, then count the plasma clotting time.Forty-one patients with leukemia chemotherapy, twenty-one patients with petechiae or epistaxis or gum bleeding and twenty patients without bleeding symptoms, were involved in the test. Drawed their venous blood and collected in 3.2% buffered sodium citrate(9:1), the platelet counts and APCT, PT, APTT, TT, Fig were assesed. Result Bleeding group’s APCT was obviously prolonged contrast to the non-bleeding group’s. Platelet counts and APCT of the bleeding group and the non-bleeding group were (7.2±2.9) ×109/L, (105.9±8.1)s and (23.0±12.2) ×109/L,(71.4±9.0)s respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). Conclusion APCT is a good indication of predicting the bleeding due to leukemia chemotherapy -induced thrombocytopenia.