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A progressively expanded literature has been devoted in the past years to the noxious or beneficial effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) to Alzheimer׳s disease (AD). This study concerns the relationship between electromagnetic pulse (EMP) exposure and the occurrence of AD in rats and the underlying mechanisms, focusing on the role of oxidative stress (OS). 55 healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used and received continuous exposure for 8 months. Morris water maze (MWM) test was conducted to test the ability of cognitive and memory. The level of OS was detected by superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content. We found that long-term EMP exposure induced cognitive damage in rats. The content of β-amyloid (Aβ) protein in hippocampus was increased after long-term EMP exposure. OS of hippocampal neuron was detected. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay showed that the content of Aβ protein and its oligomers in EMP-exposed rats were higher than that of sham-exposed rats. The content of Beta Site App Cleaving Enzyme (BACE1) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) in EMP-exposed rats hippocampus were also higher than that of sham-exposed rats. SOD activity and GSH content in EMP-exposed rats were lower than sham-exposed rats (p

In recent decades, high-tech electrical equipment has drastically proliferated instead of Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), making CRT funnel glass potential hazardous solid waste. Due to a relatively high level of lead, CRT funnel glass could be used as a potential material for the production of anti-radioactive concrete. In our study the CRT funnel glass , which was separated as aggregate in the concrete, was reduced to 4.75-25 mm (coarse aggregates) and less 4.75 mm (fine aggregates) in the production of anti-radioactive concrete. Mixes containing 0%, 20%, 40% , 60%, 80% and 100% (volume percentage) of CRT funnel glass to replace fine aggregate and coarse aggregate (respectively or simultaneously)) were prepared. The influence of the size, shape and replacement percentage of aggregates on workability, compressive strength and radiation shielding performance were determined. It was found that the replacement of natural aggregate with recycled CRT glass considerably improved the slump and radiation shielding performance but reduced compressive strength. The optimum percentage of waste funnel glass used as fine aggregate and coarse aggregate was 40%. The results clearly showed that the CRT funnel glass performed a significant enhancement in radiation shielding properties.

Electroplating Ni-W coatings have been prepared on medium carbon steel substrate by using nickel sulphate and sodium tungstate as precursors. The microstructures, phase compositions and performances of the as-prepared coatings were analyzed by SEM, EDS, AFM, XRD, microhardness tester and wear tester, respectively. The surface morphologies after wearing were observed and the wear mechanism was discussed. The corrosion behaviors of the coatings before and after heat-treatments were evaluated by anodic polarization in 3.5% sodium chloride solution. The results show that no obvious flaws could be found in the Ni-W alloy coatings and there was a good bond with the matrix. The microhardness of the coatings increased with increasing heat treatment temperature, reaching its maximum value for heat treatment at 500°C, and then droped down. Wear resistance of the coatings was found to be better than that of 16 Mn steel and the heat treatment improved the hardness and wear resistance. The corrosion resistance of the heat-treated coatings increased with increasing the annealing temperature, and best corrosion resistance could be obtained at the temperature of 500°C.

To investigate the prevalence of parasitic infections in Lhasa, Tibet.The residents in Chengguan District, Dangxiong County, Dazi County and Qushui County were selected to participate in the study in 2014, using the stratified random sampling method. Infections with the soil-borne nematodes in feces were examined in triplicates using the Kato-Katz method. Further, the Enterobius vermicularis were examined using the cellophane anal swab method in children aged 3-12 years, and the intestinal protozoa were detected by iodine staining. The parasitic infection was analyzed by sex, age, and occupation. Comparisons were made using Chi-square test.A total of 1 015 residents（39.3±18.2 years: age range, 1-89 years） participated in the study, including 391 males（38.6%） and 623 females（61.4%）. Two hundred and forty-nine participants were positive for parasitic infections, with an overall infection rate of 24.5%（249/1 015）. The infection rate was 21.7%（220/1 015） for Taenia sp., 0.2%（2/1 015） for Trichuris trichiura and E. vermicularis respectively, 4.1%（42/1 015） for Entamoeba coli, 0.4%（4/1 015） for Giardia lamblia, 0.2%（2/1 015） for Iodamoeba butschlii. No infection was found for other parasites. There was no significant sexual difference in the infection rate of Taenia (male 21.2%, 83/391; female 22.0%, 137/624), T. trichiura (male 0; female 0.3%, 2/624), E. vermicularis (male 0.3%, 2/391; female 0.2%, 1/624), E. coli (male 5.4%, 21/391; female 3.4%, 21/624), G. lamblia (male 0.8%, 3/391; female 0.2%, 1/624), or I. butschlii (male 0; female 0.3%, 2/624) (P0.05). The Taenia sp. infection rate in the age groups of 0-17, 18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59 and ≥ 60 years was 10.9%（18/165）, 14.0%（18/129）, 23.0%（43/187）, 25.3%（61/241）, 26.5%（41/155）, and 28.3%（39/138）, respectively, with significant differences between groups of 0-17 and 40-49 years and between groups of 50-59 and ≥ 60 years (P0.01). The infection rate of E. coli, T. trichiura and I. butschlii was highest in the age group of 50-59 years（6.5%, 10/155; 0.7%, 1/155; 1.3%, 2/155 respectively）. Among various occupations, farmers showed the highest infection rate for Taenia（44.5%, 147/330）, E. coli（6.4%, 21/33）, E. vermicularis （0.6%, 2/330） and I. butschlii（0.3%, 1/330）; housewives had the highest infection rate for T. trichiura（2.5%, 1/40）; and the students had the highest infection rate for G. lamblia (0.7%, 1/134).There are infections with various intestinal parasites in the participants of Lhasa City, among which taenia infection reaches 20.7% while others have a low level of infection.

This study aims at historicizing the different ways Education Abroad became part of nation-state building. Though students travel and intellectual migration as individual pursue dates much longer back (Fry, 1984), this study focuses on the late 19th century and the early 20th century when Education Abroad became a state strategy as part of forming the knowledge for the nation-state’s future and its citizens. While comparing two different nation’s example of ‘early’ state-missions of Education Abroad, more specifically Denmark and China, this study aims to contextualize and contribute to understanding of the recent trend of the risen in Education Abroad and cross-national cooperation in Higher Education through a transnational historical perspective. Through the concept of entanglement (Sobe, 2013) the study captures the historically, spatially and socially intertwined character of education. The very different cases of Education Abroad: “Chinese Educational Mission” to US in the late 19th century (Rhoads, 2011) and “Establishment of Health Visitors through Rockefeller foundation in Denmark” in the early 20th century (Buus, 2008) were both based on a rationality of that the nation-state is in need of newest scientifically knowledge and technology to build, strength and manage the quality of the nation-state’s population. The early state educational missions were strongly influenced by the ascendance of a modern understanding of ‘science’ and how scientifically progress can be part of nation-state building by solving and thereby also constructing the social problems. Whether the social problems were specific regarding high infant mortality rate (as the Danish case of sending students and professionals in Health care to US for further education in health science) or more in general sense the need of knowledge in Science and Engineering to build the national infrastructure (as the Chinese case, where 120 students were send to US to study Science and Engineering as part of the Qing dynasty’s Self-Strengthening movement). The policies and strategies of Education Abroad are interpreted as process of educationalization, which means it is assumed that social problems can be solved through education (Depaepe & Smeyers, 2008; Tröhler, 2016). The gradually increasing of the processes of educationalization have been a central element in the modernization and construction of these newly emerged nation-states since the 19th century in European context and which have spread out worldwide (Depaepe, 2012). That Education became framed as site for ways of shaping solutions of the social problems in seems also to be the case regarding state-sponsored students/academic mobility. Education Abroad can therefore be understood as imaginaries of the nation’s future and its requirements of its citizens through the depicted social problems that the nation-state seems deal with both in present and in future. Hence the study explores the perceived scientific knowledge about ‘human nature’, ‘the social’ and ‘technology’ which was worth to transfer transnationally and funded the later administrative work of building the nation-state and its future citizens. Key words: Human nature; Education abroad; nation building; Science-based state, Educationalization; Comparison; Denmark; China Bibliography Buus, H. (2008). Indretning og efterretning, Rockefeller Foundations indflydelse på den danske velfærdsstat 1920–1970 [Organization and report: The influence of the Rockefeller Foundation on the Danish welfare state 1920–1970]. (H. Buus, Ed.). Kbh: Museum Tusculanum. Depaepe, M. (2012). Educationalisation:: A Key Concept in Understanding the Basic Processes in the History of Western Education. In Between Educationalization and Appropriation: Selected Writings on the History of Modern Educational Systems (pp. 121–138). Minderbroedersstraat, Leuven (Belgium): Leuven University Press. Depaepe, M., & Smeyers, P. (2008). Educationalization as an ongoing modernization process. Educational Theory, 58(4), 379–389. Rhoads, E. J. M. (2011). Stepping Forth into the World: The Chinese Educational Mission to the United States, 1872-81. Hong Kong University Press. Sobe, N. W. (2013). Entanglement and Transnationalism in the History of American Education. In T. S. Popkewitz (Ed.), Rethinking the history of education, transnational perspectives on its questions, methods, and knowledge (First edit, pp. 93–108). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Tröhler, D. (2016). Educationalization of Social Problems and the Educationalization of the Modern World. In Encyclopedia of Educational Philosophy and Theory (pp. 1–6). Singapore: Springer Singapore.

Using a case of Sino-Danish cooperation in higher education, this chapter’s aim is to demonstrate how higher education has moved from being merely a national matter to transnational cooperation and how this kind of cooperation is educating citizenry to comply with the political ideas of current global challenges. Through a historical contextualization of the role of higher education in state-building in China and Denmark, the chapter illustrates that these countries have similar yet different ways of embedding their state-building efforts in their universities. The effects of the merging of these efforts in the educational practices of the Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC) are explored through interviews with students about their experiences of the new educational space.

To assess a new and highly specific, but low-cost, easily performed and suitable for large-scale applications method for renal fibrosis (RF) diagnostics. Thirty-five RF and twenty non-RF patients were enrolled in the study. An appropriate polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to isolate urinary exosomes. The efficiency of isolation process was evaluated by the morphology and size observation, as well as the detection of specific markers (CD63, CD9). The expression level of exosomal miR-29c, miR-21 and the endogenous control snRNA-U6 were detected by qRT-PCR. The diagnostic potency of urinary exosomal miR-29c and miR-21 was estimated by the ROC method. Spearman’s rank-order correlations analysis was used to assess the correlation between the miRNAs and clinical parameters, including pathological index. PEG-based method for isolation urinary exosome was effective and could be completed with a relatively low-speed centrifugal machine. Exosomal miR-29c and miR-21 were detected in all samples. The analysis of miRNAs in urinary exosomes revealed significant dys-regulation of miR-29c and miR-21 associated with RF. Exosomal miR-29c and miR-21 could predict degree of RF with AUC of 0.8333 and 0.7639 (P

It has great significance for assessing the safety of engineering structures or the bridge by detecting Deformation of steel pipe column. The manual contact measurement is one of the traditional methods to detect the deformation of the steel pipe column. However, in the actual operation environment, the manual contact measurement is difficult and there are some hidden safety problems in the measurement process, thus it is particularly important to study a non-contact measurement method of the steel pipe column. Image processing is one of the common methods of non-contact measurement. In this paper, with the same steel pipe deformation image, respectively, using different edge detection algorithm, comparative analysis of the result, it come to a conclusion that the most suitable algorithm is Canny algorithm, and it is a classic algorithm of edge detection which has been applied in image processing. However, the traditional Canny algorithm has some defects, such as difficulty in threshold setting, low efficiency. Based on traditional Canny algorithm to improve it, this paper proposes an improved custom threshold Canny algorithm. The results show that the method proposed in this paper, the method of which is more than the traditional detection method to save at least 0.8s. Basically meet the requirements of real-time detection of stable and reliable, fast, high accuracy, and has a certain practicality.

As the complex structure, large size, hot climate, aggressive corrosive environment and high concrete strength grade for Super-large Section Precast Immersed Tube of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, crack control of concrete was difficult. On the basis of simulating analysis on thermal stress, temperature control design was carried out. Harmful crack could be effective controlled by series of treatment measures during construction period such as optimization of raw materials, preparation of low heat and shrinkage concrete, controlling concrete raw material temperature, mixing concrete with ice shavings and cooling water, setting up automatic maintenance system and automatic temperature monitoring system. From the monitoring results, the temperature monitoring results were consistent with the simulation data, and the maximum temperature and the temperature difference between concrete surface and internal concrete were met the requirement of temperature control standard. Moreover, the precast immersed tube didn’t appear harmful crack.

This paper studies the changes of composite binder basic properties caused by the addition of processed rice husk ash and blast furnace slag. Experimental results show that the fineness and pozzolanic activity of rice husk ash, slag in appropriate treatment are according to using standard. This novel composite binder becomes a little worse in availability performance, while its long-term strength is equivalent with normal cement.

In order to reduce the road damage of heavy trucks, comprehensively considering ride comfort and road friendliness, the multi-objective optimization method of vehicle suspension parameters with non-linear air spring was presented based on Simulink-Mfile mixed programming. The simulation model including vehicle dynamics module, road roughness module, ride comfort and road friendliness evaluation index modules was constructed in Simulink platform, and the multi-objective optimization model was developed in Mfile program which took the linear weighted sum of ride comfort and road friendliness indexes as the objective. Then the suspension parameters were optimized with genetic algorithm (GA). The results showed that, compared with before optimization, the vehicle ride comfort and road friendliness could be synthetically improved. And with the Simulink-Mfile mixed programming method, the optimization of nonlinear vehicle suspension could be successfully solved in time domain, which could provide a new idea for vehicle suspension design.

In order to develop more scientific LQG (Linear-Quadratic Gaussian) optimal controller of vehicle active suspension, based on vehicle systme dynamics and modern control theory, the LQG controller of one 4-dof active suspension vehicle model was presented. And the index weighting coefficiens in LQG controller were rationally determind by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. Based on this, for furtherly improving vehicle performanc, the subjective important degrees in AHP method were optimized by OT (Othogonal Test) method which took the linear weighted sum of ride comfort and road friendliness index as the comprehensive performance evaluation index. The simulation results showed that, compared to AHP method, the LQG active suspension vehicle designed by OT-AHP (Orthogonal Test of Analytic Hierarchy Process) method could have better comprehensive performance, which could provide new ideas for the development of vehicle active suspension.

In order to solve the environment pollution of limestone powder during production of limestone manufactured sand and gravel and problem of lack of high quality fly ash or slag powder in ocean engineering, ultra-fine limestone powder was selected for preparation of green high-performance marine concrete containing fly ash and limestone powder and that containing slag powder and limestone powder for tests on workability, mechanical performance, thermal performance, shrinkage, and resistance to cracking and chloride ion permeability. And comparison was made between such green high-performance concrete and conventional marine concrete containing fly ash and slag powder. Moreover, the mechanism of green high-performance marine concrete was preliminary studied. Results showed that ultra-fine limestone powder with average particle size around 10μm had significant water reducing function and could improve early strength of concrete. C50 high-performance marine concrete prepared with 30% fly ash and 20% limestone powder or with 30% slag powder and 30% limestone powder required water less than 130kg/m3, and showed excellent workability with 28d compressive strength above 60MPa, 56d dry shrinkage rate below 300με, cracking resistance of grade V, 56d chloride ion diffusion coefficient not exceeding 2.5×10-12m2/s. Mechanical performance and resistance to chloride ion permeability of limestone powder marine concrete were quite equivalent to those of conventional marine concrete. But it had better workability, volume stability and cracking resistance. Moreover, it can serve as a solution to the lack of high quality fly ash and slag powder.

On the basis of the Mechanics and Kinematics analysis of built-in chatter suppression boring bar, the research analyzes the motional stability of built-in chatter suppression boring bar, and uses SIMS vibration absorbers for chatter suppression theory to design the characteristic parameters of vibration absorber; then with MATLAB optimized to get structural material parameters of vibration absorber; finally conduct harmonic response analysis to built two-dimensional model of built-in chatter suppression boring bar by ANSYS, compare and optimize the results to guide the development of built-in chatter suppression boring bar.

With the developing and widely used electromagnetic field (EMF) technology, more and more studies are focusing on the relationship between EMF and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) is one type of widely used EMF. This study aimed to clarify whether EMP exposure could induce cognitive and memory impairment, thus finding a possible relationship between EMP and AD.Forty healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Animals, respectively, received 100, 1000, and 10,000 pulses EMP (field strength 50 kV/m, repetition rate 100 Hz) exposure and sham exposure when 2 months old. Monthly Morris water maze (MWM) was used to test the changes of cognitive and memory ability. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content were used as oxidative stress indexes. Expressions of some types of Alzheimer's disease-related proteins were also detected.After exposure, EMP exposure caused clear cognitive and memory impairment compared with sham exposure group (p0.05). Determination of oxidation indexes showed decreased SOD activity and GSH content in exposure groups compared with sham group. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining showed increased beta amyloid protein (Aβ) in EMP exposure groups compared with sham group. Western blot experiments showed increased expressions of Aβ oligomer and beta amyloid protein precursor (APP) in EMP exposure groups. Increased expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) was also found.The present results showed that EMP exposure can cause long-term impairment in impaired cognition and memory of rats, resulting in AD-like symptoms. This may be induced by enhancing oxidative stress and is related to autophagy dysfunction.

This study develops an electromagnet-air spring-vehicle coupled model of the actively controlled, magnetically levitated system. Based on the coupled model, the nonlinear module controller based on the feedback linearization is adopted. The experiment verification on CMS04 low speed maglev vehicle is carried out; the results show that the tracking performance and decoupling ability of proposed controller is satisfied.

A new LiCoO2 recovery technology from leaching solution of spent Li-ion batteries was studied in this paper. Leaching solution contained many metals, such as Cu, Co and Fe. Copper was removed through replacement by iron powder followed by iron precipitation in goethite method. The experimental results show that Cu can be removed 99% at least through replacement by Fe powder, and the removal of Fe can achieve 99% by goethite method. The optimum Cu removal conditions are that temperature is 50 °C, Femol/Cumol=1.5,reaction time is 30 min. The optimum Fe removal conditions are that terminal precipitation pH is 4, temperature is 90 °C, reaction time is 6 h. The remainder Co can be mixed with Li2CO3,LiOH•H2O and LiAc•2H2O to adjust the Li/Co molar ratio to 1.00. The new LiCoO2 was obtained by calcining the mixture at 850°C for 12 h in the air. Structure and morphology of the recycled powders and resulted sample were observed by XRD and SEM technique, respectively. The layered structure of the LiCoO2 synthesized by adding Li2CO3 is best, and it is found to have the best characteristics as cathode material in terms of charge–discharge capacity and cycling performance.

A kind of efficient, environment-friendly compound inhibitor was prepared with 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2MBI), potassium iodide, triethanolamine, polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether and peregal by weight loss through orthogonal experiment. The effects of the compound on corrosion of A20 steel in citric acid have been investigated in relation to it’s concentration by weight loss measurements, polarization curve methods and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The result of weight loss reveals that the compound is a good inhibitor whose efficiency can reach 98.8%. Polarization curve results show that the compound restrain the process of cathode and anode, belonging to anode control-oriented and charge transfer-controlled. EIS results show that the changes in the impedance parameters (Rp and Cd) with concentrations of the compound are indicative of the adsorption of these molecules leading to the formation of a protective layer on steel surface.

To improve the wear and mechanical properties, SiCand Si3N4whiskers reinforced Si3N4composites were sintered by hot press sintering technique at 1800 and 1900°C for 1 h. The Friction and wear behaviors of Si3N4-SiC whisker reinforced Si3N4composites have been studied by using a reciprocating sliding apparatus. The results show that Si3N4-SiC whisker can greatly improve the hardness, fracture toughness and wear resistance of Si3N4. Lower sintering temperature can make both the grain dimension and interface area of the whiskers with the matrix decrease, resulting in relatively uneasy fracture of the whiskers. This uneasy fracture of the whiskers is the main reason for improvement in fracture toughness, and thus, the decrease in wear rate compared with those of the samples sintered at higher temperature and Si3N4material.

To develop a durable proton-exchange membrane (PEM) for fuel-cell applications, a series of sulfonated poly(benzoxazole thioether sulfone)s (SPTESBOs) are designed and synthesized, with anticipated good dimensional stability (via acid-base cross linking), improved oxidative stability against free radicals (via incorporation of thioether groups), and enhanced inherent stability (via elimination of unstable end groups) of the backbone. The structures and the degree of sulfonation of the copolymers are characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1 NMR and F-19 NMR). The electrochemical stabilities of the monomers are examined using cyclic voltammetry in a typical three-electrode cell configuration. The physicochemical properties of the membranes vital to fuel-cell performance are also carefully evaluated under conditions relevant to fuel-cell operation, including chemical and thermal stability, proton conductivity, solubility in different solvents, water uptake, and swelling ratio. The new membranes exhibit low dimensional change at 25 degrees C to 90 degrees C and excellent thermal stability up to 250 degrees C. Upon elimination of unstable end groups, the co-polymers display enhanced chemical resistance and oxidative stability in Fenton's test. Further, the SPTESBO-HFB-60 (HFB-60=hexafluorobenzene, 60 mol% sulfone) membrane displays comparable fuel-cell performance to that of an NRE 212 membrane at 80 degrees C under fully humidified condition, suggesting that the new membranes have the potential to be more durable but less expensive for fuel-cell applications.

The self-prepared Cu-RE refining agents were used to refine impure-copper. The influences of RE elements on refinements and structures were studied and the mechanism of RE was discussed. The results show that by adding proper amounts of Cu-RE refining agents into impure-coppers, the refinements of RE on impure-coppers are perfect. Furthermore, the dendrites of the RE-refined ingot are refined and the structure becomes more homogeneous, leading that the electric conduction function and mechanics function of impure-copper have been improved.

Composite coating is a very important part in new materials because it has special excellent physical and chemical properties, and PTFE composite coating is low friction coefficient, high temperature stability and high chemical resistance. To prepare excellent RE-Ni-Fe-P-PTFE composite coating through electrodeposition, some experiments were completed, and the effect of surfactant conc., PTFE conc., and the conc. of rare earth on PTFE content in the coating was studied. The results show that the optimum electrodeposited conditions are that the conc. of rare earth La is 3 g/L, the conc. of PTFE solution is 50 ml/L, temperature is 55 °C, current density is 10 A/dm2. And that the friction coefficient of the coating is decreased significantly, and the lubricating property is improved.

LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 was prepared by a chloride co-precipitation method and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry with Rietveld refinement, electron scanning microscopy and electrochemical measurements. Effects of lithium ion content and sintering temperature on physical and electrochemical performance of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 were also investigated. The results show that the sample synthesized at 750 °C with 105% lithium content has fine particle sizes around 200 nm and homogenous sizes distribution. The initial discharge capacity for the powder is 184 mA·h/g between 2.7 and 4.3 V at 0.1C and room temperature.

The chloridizing segregation and magnetic separation of low-grade nickel laterites from Yunnan province of China was investigated. The nickel laterites were characterized by microscopic investigations, using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) techniques. The pellets, which were prepared with magnesium chloride and coke as chloride agent and reductant respectively, were heated to a high temperature, and the pellets after cooling were crushed for magnetic separation. A series of experiments were conducted to examine the effect of chlorinating agent dosage, reductant dosage, chloridizing temperature and chloridizing time on enrichment grade of Ni and Co. The results indicate that the four factors have significant effects on the extractions of Ni and Co. The optimum conditions are as follows: the amounts of magnesium chloride and coke are 6% and 2%, respectively, chloridizing temperature is 1 253 K, and chloridizing time is 90 min. Under the conditions, extractions of Ni and Co reach 91.5% and 82.3%, respectively.

Europium-doped nanocrystalline Y 2 O 3 phosphor layers were coated on the surface of preformed submicron BaSO 4 spheres via the sol-gel process. The obtained BaSO 4 /Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ core-shell phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and photoluminescence spectra. The results showed that the obtained BaSO 4 /Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ core-shell phosphors consisted of well-dispersed submicron spherical particles with narrow size distribution and non-agglomeration. TEM and EDS results showed that BaSO 4 particles were well coated with the shell of Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ . XRD result demonstrated that no reaction occurred between the BaSO 4 cores and the Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ shells even after annealing at 1200 °C. The BaSO 4 /Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+ core-shell particles showed a red emission corresponding to 5 D 0 – 7 F 2 of Eu 3+ under the excitation of ultraviolet.

The recovery of Ni, Co and Mn from spent battery material is very important to environment protection, utilization of resources and cost reduction of the material. The dissolution rates of Ni, Co and Mn with hydrochloric acid as leachant are all over 95% under the optimal conditions of initial hydrochloric acid of 6 mol/L, particle size of 120 μm for the exhausted scraps, molar ratio of H2O2 to MeS of 2, leaching temperature about 60 °C, ratio of liquid to solid of 8, and leaching time of 2 h. The NixCoyMnz precursor for cathode material prepared from the purified leaching solution, can meet the demand of precursor by pure chemicals. The process is economic and feasible for base metals from spent battery material.

This paper investigated the mechanical properties, workability, autogenous shrinkage, drying shrinkage and durability of the high performance combined aggregate concrete with the coarse aggregate replaced by the lightweight aggregate in the volume fraction from 0% to 50%. The results demonstrated that the fresh concrete with the lightweight aggregate volume fraction of 10% and 30% had good workability, but degrade with a high volume fraction of 50 %. The hardened concrete with 10% and 30% lightweight aggregate replacement had similar compressive strength and splitting tensile strength comparing to the reference concrete without adding lightweight aggregate. The concrete with 50% lightweight aggregate replacement showed decreased compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. The concrete adding lightweight aggregate exhibited less autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage than the reference concrete without adding lightweight aggregate. The autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage increased with the increasing lightweight aggregate volume fraction. The concrete containing lightweight aggregate showed good durability after 200 freezing and thawing cycles, but the chloride permeability efficiency of concrete decreased.

To evaluate the effect of malaria surveillance and control of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2013, and explore the suited surveillance and management of imported malaria cases, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the scientific control measures of imported malaria.The endemic data and control measures of malaria in Guangxi in 2013 were collected and analyzed statistically.A total of 1 251 malaria cases were found in Guangxi in 2013, with 88.25% (1,104 cases) of falciparum malaria, 8.63% (108 cases) of vivax malaria, 0.64% (8 cases) of quartan malaria, 1.52% (19 cases) of ovale malaria, and 0.96% (12 cases) of mixed infection; 93.21% (1 166 cases) were off-farm workers; 96.56% (1,208 cases) were imported from Africa and mainly consisted of falciparum malaria cases; 3.44% (43 cases) were imported from southeast Asia and mainly consisted of vivax malaria cases. The cases of imported malaria were increasing and the infection rate in 2013 was increased by 464% compared with that in 2012.The imported malaria cases in Guangxi mainly come from Africa at present. Promoting the health education and professional skill of malaria control and treatment, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of the patients in early time are important measures to control the imported malaria.

In order to study the damage of a semirigid pavement under vehicle loads with varied parameters, the random dynamic loads applied on the pavement by a running vehicle were computed with two degrees of freedom, quarter-vehicle model, and then a three-dimensional finite element analysis model of semirigid asphalt pavement was established. With the peak stress index of each pavement layer, the effect of varied vehicle parameters on pavement response was studied. The results indicated that the stress wave frequency of each pavement layer was similar to that of the dynamic random load, and, with increased pavement depth, the wave effect decreased. The pavement response increased with increased suspension stiffness and tire stiffness and decreased with increased suspension damping and tire damping. Furthermore, compared to the stiffness, the response variation induced by the damping was orders of magnitude lower. Compared with the traditional time response analysis method, the peak response analysis of the pavement structure was more scientific, rational, and intuitive, which could be useful for the study of vehicle-pavement interaction and road damage.

To examine the changes in expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) protein, p-PTEN protein and Bim (Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death) mRNA in the cortex of neonate rat brains with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and to explore the mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of PTEN inhibition.One hundred and twenty-eight neonate (10 days) SD rats were divided into four groups: hypoxia-ischemia (HI), sham control (Sham), bisperoxovanadium (bpv), and normal saline (NS) group. Rats in the HI group had their right common carotid arteries (CCA) exposed and ligated, and were then exposed to hypoxia in a chamber filled with 8% oxygen (balanced with nitrogen) for 2.5 h. Rats in the sham control group had their right CCA surgically exposed without ligation and exposure to hypoxia. Rats in the bpv treated group received intraperitoneal injections of bpv, 30 min before HI was induced. Instead of bpv, rats in the NS-treated group received intraperitoneal injections of NS. Cerebral cortex samples of the rats were collected 0.5 h and 24 h after hypoxia. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of PTEN, p-PTEN and Bim. Real-Time PCR was used to detect the level of Bim mRNA. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptotic cells.No significant changes of PTEN protein were observed in the rats exposed to HI. However, p-PTEN protein decreased in the rats exposed to HI (0.5 h and 24 h) compared with those exposed to sham surgery (P0.01). Compared with the sham controls, Bim mRNA and protein increased in the rats exposed to HI (0.5 h, P0.01) and then returned to the baseline level 24 h after HI. No significant changes of PTEN protein were observed in the bpv-treated rats. However, p-PTEN protein increased and Bim mRNA and protein decreased in the bpv-treated rats (0.5 h and 24 h, P0.01) compared with those in the HI group and NS-treated group. TUNEL positive cells also reduced in the bpv-treated rats (24 h, P0.01) compared with those in the HI group and NS-treated group.PTEN activities increase in the brains of neonate rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. PTEN activity inhibition can decrease the level of pro-apoptotic protein Bim mRNA, leading to reduction of neuronal apoptosis.

To compare the usefulness of Tag-primer nested/multiplex PCR (UT-PCR) method with microscopy in malaria diagnosis and surveillance.400 blood smears and blood samples on filter paper were taken from febrile patients which were initially diagnosed as malaria or suspected malaria during surveillance in mixed endemic areas of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and P. vivax (Pv) in Hainan and Yunnan provinces and a malaria-controlled area in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The initial test results of both UT-PCR and microscopy for the 400 samples were compared under double blind condition. Blood smears with discrepant results between the two methods were retested by an experienced microscopist, and also repeated by UT-PCR for 2-3 times. The sensitivity and specificity of the two methods were evaluated following the Tjitra's method.Among the 400 blood samples, 234 were found plasmodium-positive by microscopy with 125 Pf and 109 Pv; 235 were positive by UT-PCR including 124 Pf, 109 Pv and 2 mixed infection. Altogether, the coincidence between the two methods stood for 92.5 % (370/400), including 154 negatives and 216 positives (Pv 117, Pf 99). 25 samples with discrepancy from the initial detections were retested, which covered 11 microscopy negative and PCR positive, 10 microscopy positive and PCR negative, 3 microscopy Pf positive and PCR Pv positive, 1 microscopy Pv positive but PCR mixed infection. 15 of the 25 samples showed same UT-PCR results, 7 "false positives" and 3 "false negatives" . Therefore, the sensitivity and specificity of UT-PCR was 99.6% and 98.8% respectively.As a diagnosis method, UT-PCR is useful for confirmation of malaria diagnosis and differentiation of Plasmodium species, also for improving the effectiveness and quality of malaria surveillance.

To study the effect of β8 expression on transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) activation in astrocytes with oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD).Astrocytes were cultured and then subjected to OGD to generate hypoxia-ischemia (HI) model in vitro. Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the expression and distribution of β8 in nomoxia cultured cells. β8 protein expression was quantified by Western blot at 12 hours, 1 day and 2 days after OGD. Astrocytes and luciferase reporter cells (TMLC) were co-cultured. β8 RNA interference system was established to specifically inhibit β8 expression in cultured astrocytes. TGF-β1 activation was then detected in the co-culture system.β8 was mainly located in the cytoplasm and neurites of astrocytes. OGD resulted in increase of β8 protein expression at 12 hours after reoxygenation in astrocytes, which was peaked at 1 day after reoxygenation. TGF-β1 activation was in accordance with β8 expression in astrocyte-TMLC co-culture system after reoxygenation. After the inhibition of β8, TGF-β1 activation was significantly reduced in all time points.The highly expressed β8 plays important roles in the regulation of TGF-β1 activation in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

Inhaled NO (iNO) has been shown to have beneficial effects on decreasing pulmonary inflammation, increasing function of surfactant and improving lung growth in prematurely born animal models. iNO has been gradually applied in the neonatal intensive care unit since its first use for persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) in the early 1990's. Although many research findings have shown the benefits of iNO for hypoxic respiratory failure (HRF) of preterm infants, there is no certain evidence to support the routine use of iNO in premature infants. According to recent literature, the mechanism of iNO therapy, treatment scheme, iNO effectiveness and safety in premature infants were reviewed in this article, so as to provide bases for the clinical use of this treatment.

To explore the role and mechanisms of FOXO3a nuclear translocation in neuronal apoptosis after hypoxia-ischemia (HI).One hundred and sixty 10-day-old Sprague-Dawly rats were randomly divided into two groups: HI and sham-operated. The right common carotid artery was ligated followed by hypoxia exposure for 2.5 hours in the HI group. The sham-operated group rats were not subjected to carotid artery ligation or hypoxia treatment. Rat cerebral cortex was collected at 0.5, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours after hypoxia. Western blot was used to detect expression of total FOXO3a protein, pnuclear and cytoplasmic FOXO3a and Bim. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptotic cells.The nuclear protein of FOXO3a obviously increased from 0.5 to 24 hours after HI in a time-dependent manner compared with the sham-operated group (P0.01). On the contrary, cytoplasmic protein evidently decreased from 0.5 to 24 hours in the HI group compared with the sham-operated group (P0.01). Bim protein increased from 0.5 hour, peaked at 2 hours, started to decline at 4 hours (P0.01), and returned to baseline level at 8 and 24 hours after HI in the HI group compared with the sham-operated group. TUNEL positive cells started to express at 4 hours, and peaked at 24 hours after HI (P0.01). However, TUNEL positive cells were rarely found in the sham-operated group.HI induces FOXO3a translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus, and enhances protein expression of its target gene Bim in the neonatal rat brain. The upregulation of Bim expression might be related to neuronal apoptosis.

Background Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) can cause behavioral and physiological abnormalities that are important to the prediction of symptoms of depression that may be associated with cerebral glucose metabolic abnormalities. Curcumin showed potential antidepressant effects, but whether or not it can reverse cerebral functional abnormalities and so ameliorate depression remains unknown. Methods To investigate the effects of curcumin on brain activity in CUS rats, rats were subjected to 3 weeks of CUS and then treated with curcumin orally at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day for one month. 18 F fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG)-micro positron emission tomography (micro-PET) neuroimaging was used to detect changes in cerebral metabolism. Body weight, sucrose preference, and open field tests were used to record depressive behaviors during CUS and after curcumin treatment. Results Three weeks of CUS significantly decreased body weight, sucrose preference, sucrose consumption, total distance travelling, and the number of rearing events. It also induced metabolic alterations in several parts of the brain, showing increased glucose metabolism in the right hemisphere. After curcumin treatment for one month, sucrose preference, sucrose consumption, total distance travelling, and the number of rearing events returned to normal levels. Curcumin treatment also induced strong deactivation of the left primary auditory cortex and activation of amygdalohippocampal cortex. Conclusion Curcumin was found to ameliorate the abnormalities in the behavior and brain glucose metabolism caused by CUS, which may account for its antidepressive effects.

To analyze the status of malaria epidemic and discuss the feasibility of malaria elimination in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The data of blood smear examinations of febrile patients among local residents, focus residents and mobile population in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were collected, described and analyzed statistically from 2001 to 2011.A total of 4 916 343 blood smear slides of local residents who had fever, 195 967 slides of focus residents, 282 461 slides of returned emigrants, and 228 341 slides of immigrants were examined, and the average positive rates of blood examinations were 0.004 8%, 0.007 7%, 0.480% and 0.127%, respectively. The indigenous malaria cases reduced from 51 in 2001 to 1 in 2009. There were no indigenous malaria cases during the period of 2010-2011. The malaria incidence has been under 1/100 000 for 11 years. The imported malaria cases were dominated in the whole region.Malaria situation in this region has entranced the consolidating phase of elimination according to the WHO criteria of malaria elimination. The goal of malaria elimination in Guangxi would be achieved in 2018 as long as the government and other departments pay enough attention to the imported malaria control, and the technical measures are further strengthened.

To analyze the monitoring results and epidemic trend of malaria in the Global Fund Malaria Project counties of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2011, so as to provide the evidence for improving the preventive measures.The data about malaria surveillance were collected and statistically analyzed in 7 Global Fund Malaria Project counties of Guangxi in 2011.A total of 8 cases of malaria were reported in the Global Fund Malaria Project counties of Guangxi in 2011, the average annual incidence rate was 0.04 per 10000 which increased by 100% compared with that in 2010, accounting for 7.14% (8/112) of the total number of cases in Guangxi. Totally 42 064 residents with fever were examined with blood tests and no case was found; 3 867 floating people were examined with blood tests and 8 cases of malaria were found (0.21%), including 5 cases of vivax malaria and 3 cases of falciparum malaria. The 8 malaria cases distributed in Longlin, Tiane, Nandan, Youjiang counties (district), and they all had ever worked in Africa or Southeast Asia. There were no input secondary cases or deaths throughout the year.The preventive measures of malaria are effective in the Global Fund Malaria Project counties of Guangxi, and the malaria epidemic situation is stable. It is the key to strengthen the malaria surveillance of the floating population who returned from Africa or Southeast Asia for consolidating the achievement of malaria prevention and control.

To investigate the absorption characteristics and transportation mechanism Yangyin Tongnao granules in main effective fractions in Caco-2 cell model.The safety concentrations of Yangyin Tongnao granules in main effective fractions in Caco-2 cells. A Caco-2 cell model was established to study the transport situations after the compatibility of Yangyin Tongnao granules in main effective fractions, and the content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).P(app) of puerarin, ligustrazine and astragaloside were less than 1.0 x 10(-6) cm x s(-1), and their P(app) were hard to be close to atenolol. The oral absorption in descending order is shown as the following: puerarin, ligustrazine, astragaloside. After the compatibility between saponins and flavonoids, P(app) of astragaloside was improved obviously, which promoted the transport from apical (AP) to basolateral (BL); the compatibility of puerarin, ligustrazine and astragaloside showed a significant effect in the efflux of astragaloside and no change in the absorption transport of ligustrazine and puerarin at the same time. There is a great difference in bidirectional transport of representative component of each effective fraction, and P(app)(B --A) was significantly greater than Papp(A --B), which suggested that the efflux transport from BL side to AP side had an advantage in the three representative components of the three effective fractions in Caco-2 cell monolayer model.Astragaloside, ligustrazine and puerarin may be malabsorptive compounds, and the three compounds may be discharged by the transport protein in small intestine membrane.

Background Abiraterone acetate improved overall survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer at a preplanned interim analysis of the COU-AA-301 double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Here, we present the final analysis of the study before crossover from placebo to abiraterone acetate (after 775 of the prespecified 797 death events). Methods Between May 8, 2008, and July 28, 2009, this study enrolled 1195 patients at 147 sites in 13 countries. Patients were eligible if they had metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel. Patients were stratified according to baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, worst pain over the past 24 h on the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form, number of previous chemotherapy regimens, and type of progression. Patients were randomly assigned (ratio 2:1) to receive either abiraterone acetate (1000 mg, once daily and orally) plus prednisone (5 mg, orally twice daily) or placebo plus prednisone with a permuted block method via an interactive web response system. The primary endpoint was overall survival, analysed in the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00638690. Findings Of the 1195 eligible patients, 797 were randomly assigned to receive abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (abiraterone group) and 398 to receive placebo plus prednisone (placebo group). At median follow-up of 20·2 months (IQR 18·4—22·1), median overall survival for the abiraterone group was longer than in the placebo group (15·8 months [95% CI 14·8—17·0] vs 11·2 months [10·4—13·1]; hazard ratio [HR] 0·74, 95% CI 0·64—0·86; p

The aim of this study is to design a 4-degree-of-freedom linear-quadratic-Gaussian optimal controller for an active suspension to improve cargo integrity, under the condition of no loss of other properties. The analytic hierarchy process was used to reasonably determine the index weight, and simulation models of active and passive suspension systems were developed in the MATLAB and Simulink environment. By analyzing the time- and frequency-domain characteristics that are affected by suspension control, we observed that cargo integrity was effectively improved by the active suspension, and the road friendliness, ride comfort, and handling stability were also improved to some extent.

The purpose of this study was to establish an absolute quantitative method to detect IL-1β and Caspase-3 gene expressions in rat brain after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) using real-time PCR. Rats were randomized into the following groups: sham operation group, model group (cerebral I/R group), astragaloside IV (AST IV) group, chuanxiongzine-AST IV group and nimodipine group (n = 10 in each group). The rats in all the groups except sham operation group were subjected to cerebral I/R treatment. Sham operation and model groups were treated by normal saline (5 mL/kg). AST IV, chuanxiongzine-AST IV and nimodipine groups received 20 mg/kg AST IV, 10 mg/kg chuanxiongzine plus 20 mg/kg AST IV, and 10 mg/kg nimodipine treatments, respectively. The administrations of drugs were performed with intraperitoneal injections at 0 and 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, till to 7 d after I/R. A real-time quantitative PCR assay was developed for absolute quantification of the expressions of IL-1β and Caspase-3 genes. The absolute quantification approach relies on the construction of an accurate standard curve. Thus, two plasmids which contained rat IL-1β and Caspase-3 genes respectively were constructed. The cloned circular plasmids were then quantified using a spectrophotometer and used as standards. Standard curves were generated, and the copy numbers of IL-1β and Caspase-3 mRNA isolated from I/R-damaged brain tissue were also calculated by SYBR Green I dye method using specific primers. The results showed that melting curves exhibited sharp peaks, and PCR product also generated prominent band with expected size in agarose gel electrophoresis, which validated the optimization of the selected primer sets of IL-1β and Caspase-3 genes. The optimal annealing temperatures of IL-1β and Caspase-3 genes were 59 °C and 61.2 °C, respectively. Real-time PCR results showed that the expression of IL-1β and Caspase-3 genes in the model group was significantly elevated compared to that in the sham operation group. However, compared to those in the model group, IL-1β and Caspase-3 gene expressions were obviously decreased in AST IV, chuanxiongzine-AST IV and nimodipine groups. Especially in chuanxiongzine-AST IV group, those two genes showed the most significant expression down-regulation. These results suggest the absolute quantitative method established in the present study is capable of detecting the changes of IL-1β and Caspase-3 gene expressions in rat brain damaged by I/R.

To establish an optimal method to isolate and culture human embryonic stem (hES) cells from discarded blastocysts and to differentiate these cells into hepatocyte-like cells.Discarded human blastocysts of days 5-6 were cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblast cell feeder layers. Cells from the inner cell mass were isolated and subsequently cultured in vitro. To induce the formation of embryoid bodies (EB), dissociated ES cells were cultured in hanging drops for 5 days. The resulting EB were plated onto 100 mm plastic gelatin-coated dishes and allowed to attach for the outgrowth culture in the presence of hepatocyte growth factor for an additional 15 days.The hES cells had typical morphological characteristics: round or elliptic nest-like colonies with distinct cell borders and a smooth surface, significant swelling growth, compact cell aggregation, and relatively big nucleus compared to a small cytoplasm. The hES cells were identified by positive alkaline phosphatase staining. All had normal karyotypes and expressed octamer-binding transcription factor and cell surface markers, including stage-specific embryonic antigens SSEA-3, SSEA-4, and tumor rejection antigens TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81. The cells could be differentiated to form teratomas in vivo. The hES cells could be induced to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells and 70-80% of the cells expressed liver-associated proteins.Three hES cell lines have been successfully isolated and cultured from discarded human blastocysts. The hES cells can be efficiently differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells using the EB system. These cells possess the potential for treatment of liver diseases.

Background: Although clinical significance of serum p53 Abs (s-p53 Abs) in cancer patients has been studied during the past few years, how to detect it effectively is a crucial issue. Methods: wild-type p53 protein (wt p53) and phage-displayed peptide were prepared. Three types of enzymelinked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) methods were constructed and a hybrid antigen-ELISA approach was attempted. Results: 7 breast cancer patients (19.4%) were detected s-p53 Abs positive by p53-ELISA, 4 patients (11.1%) were detected positive by phage-ELISA, and 10 patients (27.8%) were detected positive by p53-phage ELISA. A combination of 1.5μg/ml wt p53 and 40μg/ml phage was the best concentration for a mix antigen in hybrid antigen-ELISA. Conclusion: A combination of p53-ELISA and phage-ELISA can effectively improve the sensitivity of s-p53 Abs. This increases the application possibility of s-p53 Abs on clinic.