Search

The efficient dispersion of particles is a prerequisite for the efficient flotation of fine smithsonite. However, unavoidable ions (Ca2+) in the pulp have become a challenge for the efficient separation of fine smithsonite, due to the high content of pulp and small radius of hydrated ions. Therefore, the dispersion behavior and mechanism of Ca2+ action on smithsonite are important for improving the efficiency of smithsonite flotation. In this study, the effects of Ca2+ on the dispersion behavior of fine smithsonite were studied using a turbidity test. The results showed that the dispersion behavior of smithsonite was good in the absence of Ca2+ at a range of pH = 4–12. However, the measured turbidity values of smithsonite decreased with the addition of calcium ions. In particular, the dispersion behavior of smithsonite became worse at pH > 10. Zeta potential test results showed that the smithsonite's surface potential shifted positively, and the absolute value of potential decreased in the presence of Ca2+. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that calcium ions were adsorbed on the smithsonite surface, which may have caused ion exchange or the generation of calcium hydroxide precipitation leading to particle coalescence behavior. The calculations of solution chemistry and DLVO theory indicated that calcium ions adsorbed on the surface of smithsonite to form Ca(OH)+ or precipitation, which reduced the potential energy of interparticle interactions and led to the disruption of dispersion behavior of smithsonite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in regulating immune responses during pathogen infection. However, roles of TLRs on T cells reside in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) were not be fully elucidated in the course of S. japonicum infection. In this study, T lymphocytes from the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) of S. japonicum-infected mice were isolated and the expression and roles of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR7 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were compared. We found that the expression of TLR7 was increased in the MLN cells of S. japonicum-infected mice, particularly in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (P < 0.05). R848, a TLR7 agonist, could enhance the production of IFN-γ from MLN T cells of infected mice (P < 0.05), especially in CD8+ T cells (P < 0.01). In TLR7 gene knockedout (KO) mice, the S. japonicum infection caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) of the expression of CD25 and CD69, as well as the production of IFN-γ and IL-4 inducted by PMA plus ionomycin on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the decreased level of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the supernatants of SEA- or SWA-stimulated mesenteric lymphocytes was detected (P < 0.05). Our results indicated that S. japonicum infection could induce the TLR7 expression on T cells in the MLN of C57BL/6 mice, and TLR7 mediates T cell response in the early phase of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies have shown that CD103 is an important marker for tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) which plays an important role in anti-infection. However, the role of CD103+ TRM was not elucidated in the progress of S. japonicum infection induced disease.Methods: 6-8 weeks old C57BL/6 mice were infected by S. japonicum. Mice were sacrificed and the lungs were removed 5-6 weeks after infection. Immunofluorescent staining and Q-PCR were performed to identify the expression of CD103 molecule. Single cellular populations were made, percentages of CD103 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were dynamical observed by flow cytometry (FCM). Moreover, the expression of memory T cells related molecules CD69 and CD62L, T cell function associated molecules CD107a, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-9, and IL-10 were compared between CD103+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by FCM.Results: CD103+ cells were emerged in the lung of both naive and S. japonicum infected mice. Both the percentage and the absolute numbers of pulmonary CD4+ and CD8+ cells were increased after S. japonicum infection (P < 0.05). The percentage of CD103+ cells in CD8+ T cells decreased significantly at the early stage of S. japonicum infection (P < 0.05). Increased CD69, decreased CD62L and CD107a expressions were detected on both CD4+ and CD8+ CD103+ T cells in the lungs of infected mice (P < 0.05). Compared to CD8+ CD103+ T cells, CD4+ CD103+ T cells from infected mice expressed higher level of CD69 and lower level CD62L molecules (P < 0.05). Moreover, higher percentage of IL-4+, IL-9+ and IL-10+ cells on CD4+ CD103+ pulmonary T cells was found in infected mice (P < 0.05). Significantly increased IL-4 and IL-9, and decreased IFN-γ expressing cells were detected in CD8+CD103+ cells of infected mice (P < 0.05).Conclusions: CD103-expressing pulmonary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells play important roles in mediating S. japonicum infection induced granulomatous inflammation in the lung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attribute reduction is a hot topic in the field of data mining. Compared with the traditional methods, the attribute reduction algorithm based on covering rough set is more suitable for dealing with numerical data. However, this kind of algorithm is still not efficient enough to deal with large-scale data. In this paper, we firstly propose ε-Boolean identification matrix of covering rough sets, give the calculation methods of dependence degree and local dependence degree, and further discuss their properties. Secondly, we give two attribute reduction algorithms based on dependence degree and local dependence degree, respectively. Finally, we test the performance of the algorithm through several UCI data sets. Experimental results show that the efficiency of our algorithm has been greatly improved. So it is more suitable for handling large-scale data processing problems, and can have wide application value.

The commodity layout of a large supermarket has an important impact on the sales and benefits of the supermarket. The quality of the commodity layout directly affects the consumer’s psychological feeling and purchasing behavior in the shopping process. According to the previous research, we can find that the traditional commodity layout method has the shortcomings of lack of data support, poor stability, and does not include the actual factors such as the impulse purchase behavior of consumers and the purchase law of commodities in the research scope, resulting in the problem that the optimization effect is not obvious. In view of this deficiency, this paper proposes a commodity layout method based on comprehensive correlation degree. Firstly, the concepts of adjacency effect value and placement freedom degree are given. Based on this, transaction data is used to mine association rules of commodities in customers’ shopping baskets, and the influence of the same commodity on surrounding commodities due to different placement positions is further analyzed. Based on the maximization of the comprehensive correlation value, an analytic model for the optimization of commodity layout is established, and the optimal commodity layout is obtained by using genetic algorithm. In this article, the layout of the B supermarket commodity layout is taken as an example. The overall layout is more closely related. It verifies the feasibility and superiority of the commodity layout method based on comprehensive correlation, which can better improve the market competitiveness of the supermarket.

Aiming at the problem that the sequence recommendation models based on the self-attention mechanism ignore all kinds of auxiliary information, which makes the model unable to use them to capture multi-level sequence relationship patterns, a recommendation algorithm integrating time context and feature-level information is proposed (ITFR). Firstly, the item representation is connected with each of its attribute representations and input into an attention network. After attention is weighted, an attribute-based item representation is obtained. Then, ITFR applies the self-attention block of the perception time interval and the self-attention block based on the item-attribute to capture the relationship pattern between the item and the interaction sequence time interval and the implicit relationship between the item and the attribute, respectively. Finally, the output representations of the two self-attention blocks are connected, and the joint output representation is input to the fully connected layer for the recommendation of the next item. Experiments are conducted on two public datasets, and two performance indicators of hit rate (HR) and normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG) are used for evaluation. In the Beauty dataset, compared with the optimal baseline method, HR@10 and NDCG@10 are increased by 4.6% and 5.1%, respectively. In the Movie-1M dataset, HR@10 and NDCG@10 are increased by 1.7% and 1.5%, respectively. Experimental results show that the method of incorporating auxiliary information to enhance sequence representation can improve recommendation performance.

Mapping single-neuron projections is essential for understanding brain-wide connectivity and diverse functions of the hippocampus (HIP). Here, we reconstructed 10,100 single-neuron projectomes of mouse HIP and classified 43 projectome subtypes with distinct projection patterns. The number of projection targets and axon-tip distribution depended on the soma location along HIP longitudinal and transverse axes. Many projectome subtypes were enriched in specific HIP subdomains defined by spatial transcriptomic profiles. Furthermore, we delineated comprehensive wiring diagrams for HIP neurons projecting exclusively within the HIP formation (HPF) and for those projecting to both intra- and extra-HPF targets. Bihemispheric projecting neurons generally projected to one pair of homologous targets with ipsilateral preference. These organization principles of single-neuron projectomes provide a structural basis for understanding the function of HIP neurons.

Context: Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by excessive production of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) by a tumor. Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) including secondary HPT (SHPT) and tertiary HPT (THPT) in TIO patients, which is believed to be associated with phosphate supplementation, has not been well documented., Objectives: To clarify the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors for HPT in a large cohort of Chinese patients with TIO in our hospital., Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective study enrolled 202 patients with TIO., Main Outcome Measurements: Occurrence of HPT in patients with TIO., Results: HPT was observed in 91 patients (91/202, 45.1%): 84 patients (41.6%) with SHPT and 7 patients (3.5%) with THPT. All patients with THPT underwent parathyroidectomy and only 1 patient experienced recurrence. Compared with patients without HPT, patients with SHPT had longer disease duration, higher rate of phosphate and calcitriol supplementation, lower serum calcium, lower urine calcium excretion, and higher urine phosphate excretion. Compared with patients with SHPT, patients with THPT had even longer disease duration and a higher rate of phosphate and calcitriol supplementation. PTH levels showed positive correlation with intact FGF23 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels, but not 25-hydroxy vitamin D level in patients with TIO. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that long disease duration and phosphate supplementation were independently associated with occurrence of HPT in patients with TIO. Further logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline model revealed dose-response relationship between cumulative dose of phosphate supplementation and PTH levels., Conclusions: HPT is common in patients with TIO. To avoid the occurrence of HPT in patients with TIO, timely diagnosis and tumor resection is necessary and an excessive dose of phosphate supplementation is not suggested before surgery., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)