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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) represents a multifactorial chronic pulmonary pathology and a major factor causing premature illness and death. The therapeutic role of exosomes in BPD has been feverishly investigated. Meanwhile, the potential roles of exosomal circRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs in umbilical cord blood (UCB) serum have not been studied. This study aimed to detect the expression profiles of circRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs in UCB-derived exosomes of infants with BPD. Microarray analysis was performed to compare the RNA profiles of UCB-derived exosomes of a preterm newborn with (BPD group) and without (non-BPD, NBPD group) BPD. Then, circRNA/lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA co-expression networks were built to determine their association with BPD. In addition, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells and HUVECs were assessed through Western blot analysis. Then, quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assay was used to evaluate the expression levels of four differentially expressed circRNAs (hsa_circ_0086913, hsa_circ_0049170, hsa_circ_0087059, and hsa_circ_0065188) and two lncRNAs (small nucleolar RNA host gene 20 (SNHG20) and LINC00582) detected in LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells or HUVECs. A total of 317 circRNAs, 104 lncRNAs, and 135 mRNAs showed significant differential expression in UCB-derived exosomes of preterm infants with BPD compared with those with NBPD. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were conducted to examine differentially expressed exosomal circRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs. The results showed that the GO terms and KEGG pathways mostly involving differentially expressed exosomal RNAs were closely associated with endothelial or epithelial cell development. In vitro, CCK-8 and Western blot assays revealed that LPS remarkably inhibited the viability and promoted inflammatory responses (TNF-α and IL-1β) of BEAS-2B cells or HUVECs. The expression levels of circRNAs hsa_circ_0049170 and hsa_circ_0087059 were upregulated in LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells; the expression level of hsa_circ_0086913 was upregulated and that of hsa_circ_0065188 was downregulated in LPS-induced HUVECs. Moreover, the expression level of lncRNA SNHG20 was upregulated and that of LINC00582 was downregulated in LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells. Further, 455 circRNA/lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction networks were predicted, including hsa_circ_0086913/hsa-miR-103a-3p/transmembrane 4 L six family member 1 (TM4SF1) and lncRNA-SNHG20/hsa-miR-6720-5p/spermine synthase (SMS) networks, which may take part in BPD.Conclusion: This study provided a systematic perspective on UCB-derived exosomal circRNAs and lncRNAs and laid an important foundation for further investigating the potential biological functions of exosomal circRNAs and lncRNAs in BPD. What is Known:• BPD represents a multifactorial chronic pulmonary pathology and a major factor causing premature illness and death.• The therapeutic role of exosomes in BPD has been feverishly investigated, and exosomal RNAs were ignored. What is New:• The profiles of UCB-derived exosomal circRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs were performed.• Several differentially expressed circRNAs and lncRNAs were identified in LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells and HUVECs.

Knowledge graph, as an extension of graph data structure, is being used in a wide range of areas as it can store interrelated data and reveal interlinked relationships between different objects within a large system. This paper proposes an algorithm to construct an access control knowledge graph from user and resource attributes. Furthermore, an online learning framework for access control decision-making is proposed based on the constructed knowledge graph. Within the framework, we extract topological features to represent high cardinality categorical user and resource attributes. Experimental results show that topological features extracted from knowledge graph can improve the access control performance in both offline learning and online learning scenarios with different degrees of class imbalance status.

Exploitability prediction has become increasingly important in cybersecurity, as the number of disclosed software vulnerabilities and exploits are soaring. Recently, machine learning and deep learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, deep Neural Networks and their ensemble models, have achieved great success in vulnerability evaluation and exploitability prediction. However, they make a strong assumption that the data distribution is static over time and therefore fail to consider the concept drift problems due to the evolving system behaviours. In this work, we propose a novel consecutive batch learning algorithm, called Real-time Dynamic Concept Adaptive Learning (RDCAL), to deal with the concept drift and dynamic class imbalance problems existing in exploitability prediction. Specifically, we develop a Class Rectification Strategy (CRS) to handle the ‘actual drift’ in sample labels and a Balanced Window Strategy (BWS) to boost the minority class during real-time learning. Experimental results conducted on the real-world vulnerabilities collected between 1988 to 2020 show that the overall performance of classifiers, including Neural Networks, SVM, HoeffdingTree and Logistic Regression (LR), improves over 3% by adopting our proposed RDCAL algorithm. Furthermore, RDCAL achieves state-of-the-art performance on exploitability prediction compared with other concept drift algorithms.

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheets (NCNS) was synthesized by a rapid and concise combustion process combined with CO2 capture, which were used as high-performance anode materials for PIBs.

Exploitation time is an essential factor for vulnerability assessment in cybersecurity management. In this work, we propose an integrated consecutive batch learning framework to predict the probable exploitation time of vulnerabilities. To achieve a better performance, we combine features extracted from both vulnerability descriptions and the Common Vulnerability Scoring System in the proposed framework. In particular, we design an Adaptive Sliding Window Weighted Learning (ASWWL) algorithm to tackle the dynamic multiclass imbalance problem existing in many industrial applications including exploitation time prediction. A series of experiments are carried out on a real-world dataset, containing 24,413 exploited vulnerabilities disclosed between 1990 and 2020. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed ASWWL algorithm can significantly enhance the performance of the minority classes without compromising the performance of the majority class. Besides, the proposed framework achieves the most robust and state-of-the-art performance compared with the other five consecutive batch learning algorithms.

With an ever-accelerating trend of cybercrimes due to software vulnerabilities and exposures in Smart City industrial environment, effective and proactive vulnerability risk management becomes imperative. Statistical models learning rich historical vulnerability disclosure data undoubtedly provide critical risk insights. In this article, based on extreme value theory coupled with generalized additive models, we propose a novel framework to model extreme vulnerability disclosure events under both stationary and nonstationary scenarios. By utilizing this rigorous framework, we initiated an important study on quantifying extreme cyber risks. Through extensive empirical studies using real-life datasets, our proposed framework proves to effectively capture the dynamics of extreme events. Furthermore, it enables us to address quantitatively some of the key cyber risk management questions.

Insects possess a fairly sophisticated olfactory system in their antennae to detect odorants essential for their survival and reproduction. Among them, insect first perceives odour sources by odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) to locate host-plants. Methyl salicylate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and dibutyl phthalate are major volatile components of Ulmus pumila and Ricinus communis and elicit strong responses of the scarab beetle Holotrichia oblita adults. However, olfactory perception of the scarab beetle to these odorant compounds is unclear. In the current study, we cloned the OBP6 and OBP7 of H. oblita. The expression pattern shows that the two genes were highly expressed in the antennae of female beetles. Binding assays verified that the HoblOBP6 had a better binding affinity to methyl salicylate, and so did HoblOBP7 to (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and dibutyl phthalate. The effect on the responses of female beetles to the three compounds was decreased significantly after these two genes were silenced by RNA interference. These results indicate that HoblOBP6 and HoblOBP7 are essential for female H. oblita perception of methyl salicylate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and dibutyl phthalate. Our study provides important insights into the olfactory mechanism of female H. oblita to ester plant volatiles and could facilitate the development of potential pest control strategies in the field.

The genome of green microalgae has rarely been reported. Ulva prolifera is a green microalga that has received much attention. Despite research articles about U. prolifera in recent years, we know very little about its genome. Therefore, the 87.9-Mb haploid genome (containing 10 311 protein-coding genes) of U. prolifera was studied, and the genome was compared with that of U. mutabilis, which is the only published Ulva species. Results showed that the two species are closely related. A phylogenetic tree was constructed among U. prolifera and other green algae available in GenBank, revealing the evolutionary status of U. prolifera in Chlorophyta. To understand why U. prolifera could grow rapidly, we identified some genes related to growth, such as those involved in cell division, phosphorylation, and cell proliferation. In addition, genes related to stress resistance were found, which supports the notion that U. prolifera grows vigorously in nature. These results help to characterize green tides from a new perspective and reveal some important insight into the biology of U. prolifera.

Functionalization and morphological construction can promote lithium-ion storage performance of organic polymers. In this contribution, exceptional lithium ion storage performance is empowered to porous polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers via the integration of template-assisted electrospinning technology and thermal treatment. It is found that the atmosphere adopted during the annealing process controls the storage behaviors of Li+. Impressively, the samples annealed in air present competitive capacities, rate capabilities, and a stable lifetime, compared with other counterparts (PAN powders and PAN fibers treated in N2). Such enhancement in performance is attributed to the enriched oxygen-based functionalities (mainly C=O group) which guarantee a high specific capacity and the porous structure which facilitates the transportation of Li+ and electrons to improve the rate capability. It is envisioned that such morphology control and surface functionalization open up new horizons in the development of organic electrode materials with enhanced lithium-ion storage performances.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), have recently been reported to cause a significant increase in the production and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are closely correlated with lung cancer metastasis. The aim of the present study is to determine the inhibitory effects of a polysaccharide isolated from Ulva prolifera O.F. Muller (U. prolifera) on the invasive potential of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, and further to explore the underlying mechanisms connected to that potential. The data showed that increased MMP-9 resulting from H2O2 exposure was mediated by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Pre-treatment with polysaccharides suppressed the activation of H2O2-mediated MAPK pathways and cell invasion. Hence, MMP-9 production triggered by H2O2 was demonstrated by activating MAPK signaling in a Myc-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggested that polysaccharides suppress H2O2-induced cell invasion by inhibiting Myc-mediated MMP-9 gene transcription through the MAPK signaling pathway in A549 and NCI-H1650 cells. Our data also suggested that polysaccharides may be useful in minimizing the development of lung cancer metastasis. In the future, pretreatment with polysaccharides because of their antioxidant properties might be beneficial to enhance surgical outcomes.

The extraction of uranium from seawater and the safe treatment of wastewater containing uranium (VI) were important to ensure the sustainable development of nuclear-related energy sources. Two-dimensional silica nanomaterials have been extensively investigated in the field of uranium adsorption due to their high adsorption capacity, short equilibration times, and easily modified surface groups. However, the two-dimensional mesoporous silica nanomaterial preparation has become a challenge due to the lack of natural sheet templating agents. The reason will hinder the development of silica nanomaterials for uranium extraction. Here, the specific surface area silica nanomeshes (HSMSMs) uranium adsorbent was prepared by a high shear method to induce nanobubble formation. HSMSMs showed a high uranium adsorption capacity of 822 mg

Combining the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Heterorhabditis beicherriana LF strain and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) HBF-18 strain is a practical strategy to manage the larvae of Holotrichia parallela Motschulsky. However, the intrinsic resistance mechanism between H. parallela larvae and the EPN-Bt combination is unknown. Herein, antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)] and detoxifying enzymes [carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)] of H. parallela larvae showed an activation-inhibition trend throughout the EPN-Bt exposure time course. Eight potentially key antioxidant and detoxifying enzyme genes in response to EPN-Bt infection were identified from the midgut of H. parallela larvae through RNA-seq. Spatiotemporal analysis showed they were ubiquitously expressed in all development stages and tissues. After silencing CAT, CarE, and GST1, the enzyme activities were significantly decreased by 30.29%, 68.80%, and 34.63%, respectively. Meanwhile, the mortality of grubs was increased by 18.40%, 46.30%, and 42.59% after exposure to EPN-Bt for 1 day. The expression level change trends of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), cap ‘n’ collar isoform-C (CncC), kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and CarE were consistent when exposed to EPN-Bt. Furtherly, RNAi-mediated PI3K silencing showed a similar downregulated trend between PI3K/Akt/CncC and CarE. Furthermore, silencing PI3K rendered grubs more susceptible to EPN-Bt and accelerated symbiotic bacteria multiplication in grubs. Overall, these results suggest that PI3K/Akt/CncC pathway mediates the expression of CarE and participates in the resistance of H. parallela larvae to EPN-Bt infection.

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that M2 macrophages contribute to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Emodin is an anti-tumor agent and potentially regulates macrophage polarization. This study aims to explore the effect of emodin on M2 polarization in HCC and its underlying mechanism. After co-culture systems of M2 macrophages and HCC (HepG2 and Huh7) cells were established, it was shown that co-culture with M2 macrophages could promote both the proliferation and invasion of HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Emodin induces the transformation of M2 to M1 macrophages, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of HepG2 and Huh7 cells mediated by co-culturing with M2 macrophages. Based on bioinformatics analysis and in vitro validation, it was found that the effect of emodin on M2 polarization was regulated by the microRNA-26a (miR-26)/Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Protein kinase B (Akt) axis.

Reasonable design and scalable preparation of low-cost, effective and durable electro-catalysts as substitutes to expensive Pt-derived catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is highly desired toward the progress of future sustainable energy storage devices. In this work, we scalably prepare a highly active ORR electrocatalyst which consists of both Fe3N nanoparticles and Fe-N-C active sites in N-doped carbon frameworks (named as Fe3N/Fe-N-C) and derives from walnut shells as precursors followed by iron ion incorporation and a pyrolysis process in NH3 atmosphere. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) measurements strongly evidence the coexistence of Fe3N nanoparticles and iron-nitrogen-carbon active sites. Benefiting from the synergistic mechanism between Fe3N nanoparticles and Fe-N-C sites in N-doped carbon frameworks, the resultant catalyst presents desirable ORR performance with impressive Eonset, E1/2, higher long-term stability, and satisfactory resistance to methanol interference, overtopping commercial Pt/C catalyst. The present research not only proposes a cost-effective and available ORR electro-catalyst to substitute Pt-based catalysts, but also provides a reliable and versatile technology to realize large-scale preparation for practical applications.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the leading cause of chronic lung disease in preterm neonates. Extracellular matrix (ECM) abnormalities reshape lung development, contributing to BPD progression. In the present study, we first discovered that the ECM component fibronectin was reduced in the pulmonary tissues of model mice with BPD induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hyper-oxygen. Meanwhile, interleukin-33 (IL-33) and other inflammatory cytokines were elevated in BPD lung tissues. LPS stimulated the production of IL-33 in alveolar epithelial cells via myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), protein 38 (p38), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) protein 65 (p65). Following the knockout of either IL-33 or its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) in mice, BPD disease severity was improved, accompanied by elevated fibronectin. ST2 neutralization antibody also relieved BPD progression and restored the expression of fibronectin. IL-33 induced the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which degraded fibronectin in alveolar epithelial cells. Moreover, DNase-mediated degradation of NETs was protective against BPD. Finally, a fibronectin inhibitor directly decreased fibronectin and caused BPD-like disease in the mouse model. Our findings may shed light on the roles of IL-33-induced NETs and reduced fibronectin in the pathogenesis of BPD.

Co3O4 imbedded g-C3N4 (Co3O4/g-C3N4) heterojunction photocatalysts were synthesized via initial dissolution of C, N and Co organic precursors in aqueous phase, subsequent evaporation of water and final thermopolymerization. This facile aqueous-induced complexation of organic precursors guaranteed that Co3O4 was homogeneously dispersed in g-C3N4 matrix even if the mass loading of Co3O4 reached up to 0.3–3 wt %. The as-constructed Co3O4/g-C3N4 composites were applied in visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution for the first time in which the mass loading of Co3O4 was optimized at 1 wt %, achieving a maximal hydrogen evolution rate of 50 μmol/h/g, as higher as 5 times than those of pure g-C3N4 and Co3O4. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of Co3O4/g-C3N4 composites was originated from well-established p-n heterojunctions when certain amount of p-type Co3O4 nanoparticles were introduced and highly dispersed into n-type g-C3N4 matrix. The Co3O4/g-C3N4 p-n heterojunctions effectively retard the recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs, promote charge separation, extend visible light absorption range and finally improve photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity and stability. As a result, this facile, effective, green and universal strategy opens up new horizons to realize high dispersion of metal oxides in g-C3N4 matrix and to achieve higher performance in photocatalytic activity.

Organic materials with redox activities are promising candidates for aqueous flexible sodium ion storage devices (AFSISDs) due to their mechanical flexibility and low dissolution in aqueous electrolytes. However, the advantages of organic electrodes are not fully exploited due to uncontrollable morphologies with sluggish electrochemical kinetics, and lack of deep understanding about the storage mechanism via in situ technologies. Herein, an interfacial self-assembly strategy is proposed to directly construct PTCDI nanofibers onto flexible ITO substrates by a binder-free approach. Combining in situ Raman spectroscopy and DFT calculations, the Na+ storage mechanism based on an enolization reaction (–CO ↔ –C–O–Na) of two carbonyl groups located in the para position of PTCDI is illuminated. Coupled with an activated carbon cathode, the organic AFSISD delivers an ultrahigh energy density of 83.8 W h kg−1 and a largely improved power density of 3.4 kW kg−1. The as-prepared organic nanofibers show a superior volumetric energy and high power density (i.e., 7.1 mW h cm−3 and 289.7 mW cm−3). This work opens up new horizons for a wide variety of flexible electronics based on organic electrode materials in aqueous neutral electrolytes.

Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a highly curable cancer, but it is not clear whether it is also necessary to monitor long-term toxicity in “cured” patients who survive for more than five years, which is critical to ensuring maximum survival in APL patients. Methods: A total of 1952 APL 5-year survivors and 5973 non-APL acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 5-year survivors were included from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated to measure the risk of death. Cumulative mortality is calculated as the incidence of specific causes of death under competing risk events. Results: The SMR of all causes of death in >5-year survivors of APL was higher than that of the general population only at 60–119 months (SMR, 1.41). This was mainly because a significant increase in mortality from AML (SMR, 87.67) and second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) (SMR, 1.56) was found only at 60–119 months. However, there was no higher risk of death from non-cancer-related disease in >5-year survivors of APL than that of the general population (SMR, 0.89). The SMR of all-cause deaths in >5-year survivors of non-APL AML decreased year by year and was no higher than that of the general population until after 216 months. The cumulative incidence of AML-related death, SMN-related death, and non-cancer-related death was significantly lower in APL patients than in non-APL AML patients throughout the follow-up period. Conclusions: Compared with the general population, the risk of death of patients with APL was higher within 5 to 10 years but not higher over 10 years. Therefore, we believe that long-term survivors of APL are safe after 10 years.

The neuro-mechanisms that regulate insect reproduction are not fully understood. Biogenic amines, including octopamine, are neuromodulators that have been shown to modulate insect reproduction in various ways, e.g., promote or inhibit insect mating or oviposition. In this study, we examined the role of octopamine in regulating the reproduction behaviors of a devastating underground insect pest, the dark black chafer (Holotrichia parallela). We first measured the abundance of octopamine in different neural tissues of the adult chafer pre- and post-mating, demonstrating that octopamine decreased in the abdominal ganglia of females but increased in males post-mating. We then fed the adult H. parallela with a concentration gradient of octopamine to test the effects on insect reproductive behaviors. Compared with its antagonist mianserin, octopamine at the concentration of 2 µg/mL resulted in the highest increase in males' preference for sex pheromone and females' oviposition, whereas the mianserin-treatment increased the survival rate and prolonged the lifespan of H. parallela. In addition, we did not observe significant differences in egg hatchability between octopamine and mianserin-treated H. parallela. Our results demonstrated that octopamine promotes H. parallela mating and oviposition with a clear low dosage effect, illustrated how neural substrates modulate insect behaviors, and provided insights for applying octopamine in pest management.

To observe the expression of plasma microRNA (miR)-146a and miR-223 in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), so as to analyze the relationship between the two factors and the prognosis of children with ALL.100 children with ALL treated in the hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were selected, according to the standard of Chinese Children's Leukemia Group (CCLG)-ALL-2008 program, the children were performed standardized treatment in our hospital according to different risk degree, the follow-up results were obtained, the follow-up time was ≥36 months, and the follow-up time was till to March 2021, the recurrence and mortality of the children were used as prognostic indicators; the baseline data of the children at admission were inquired and recorded, the plasma miR-146a and miR-223 levels were analyzed at admission, and their correlation with the prognosis of children with ALL was analyzed.During the follow-up period, 4 cases of children died while 18 cases recurred, which means 22(22.00%) children showed the poor prognosis; the plasma miR-146a level of the children in poor prognosis group at admission was higher than those in good prognosis group, while the plasma miR-223 level was lower than those in good prognosis group, the differences showed statistically significantly (P0.05); the results of regression analysis showed that the over expression of plasma miR-146a and low expression of plasma miR-223 at admission might be associated with poor prognosis in ALL children, and might be a risk factor for poor prognosis in children (P0.05); the ROC curve showed that the AUC of plasma miR-146a and miR-223 at admission alone or in combination showed the predictive value for the risk of poor prognosis in children with ALL(AUC0.80); the results of correlation test showed that there was a negative correlation of plasma miR-146a with miR-223 levels at admission (r=-0.239, P=0.016).Plasma miR-146a is overexpressed and miR-223 is low-expressed in children with ALL, the abnormal expression of the two factors is related to the prognosis of children with ALL.血浆miR-146a、miR-223水平与儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病预后的相关性.观察血浆微小RNA（miR）-146a、miR-223在儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）患儿中的表达，并分析二者与儿童ALL预后的关系.选取2015年1月-2017年12月本院收治的儿童ALL患儿100例，患儿均根据中国儿童白血病协作组(CCLG)-ALL-2008方案中的标准依据不同危险度在本院进行规范化治疗，并获得随访结果，随访时间≥36个月，随访时间截至2021年3月，以患儿复发及死亡作为预后观察指标；入院时调查员询问并记录患儿基线资料，检测入院时血浆miR-146a、miR-223水平，并分析二者与儿童ALL预后的关系.随访期间，4例患儿死亡，18例患儿复发，即预后不良组患儿22例（22.00%）；预后不良组患儿入院时血浆miR-146a水平高于预后良好组，血浆miR-223水平低于预后良好组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；回归分析结果显示，入院时血浆miR-146a过表达、miR-223低表达可能与儿童ALL患儿预后不良有关，可能作为患儿预后不良的风险因子（P＜005）；绘制ROC曲线，入院时血浆miR-146a、miR-223单独及联合预测儿童ALL患儿预后不良风险的AUC＞080，均有一定预测价值；相关性检验结果显示，入院时血浆miR-146a、miR-223水平之间呈负相关（r=-0.239，P=0.016）.血浆miR-146a在儿童ALL中过表达，miR-223在儿童ALL中低表达，二者异常表达与儿童ALL患儿预后存在一定联系.

Leaves of Euryale ferox are rich in anthocyanins. Anthocyanin synthesis is one of the important branches of the flavonoid synthesis pathway, in which flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase(F3'H) can participate in the formation of important intermediate products of anthocyanin synthesis. According to the data of E. ferox transcriptome, F3'H cDNA sequence was cloned in the leaves of E. ferox and named as EfF3'H. The correlation between EfF3'H gene expression and synthesis of flavonoids was analyzed by a series of bioinforma-tics tools and qRT-PCR. Moreover, the biological function of EfF3'H was verified by the heterologous expression in yeast. Our results showed that EfF3'H comprised a 1 566 bp open reading frame which encoded a hydrophilic transmembrane protein composed of 521 amino acid residues. It was predicted to be located in the plasma membrane. Combined with predictive analysis of conserved domains, this protein belongs to the cytochrome P450(CYP450) superfamily. The qRT-PCR results revealed that the expression level of EfF3'H was significantly different among different cultivars and was highly correlated with the content of related flavonoids in the leaves. Eukaryotic expression studies showed that EfF3'H protein had the biological activity of converting kaempferol to quercetin. In this study, EfF3'H cDNA was cloned from the leaves of E. ferox for the first time, and the biological function of the protein was verified. It provi-ded a scientific basis for further utilizing the leaves of E. ferox and laid a foundation for the further analysis of the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids in medicinal plants.

The purpose of this study was to explore the antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects of gallic acid (GA) on Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis.CCK-8 assay and Draize eye test were used to determine the non-cytotoxic concentration of GA in RAW264.7 cells and an A. fumigatus keratitis mouse model. The antifungal effects of GA were analyzed using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), biofilm formation test, fungal adherence assay, calcofluor white staining, and propidium iodide staining. The therapeutic effects of GA were estimated by slit lamp photographs, clinical score, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and Periodic acid-Schiff staining in vivo. Immunofluorescence staining and myeloperoxidase assay were conducted to identify neutrophil infiltration and activity. RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Nrf2/HO-1.In HCECs and A. fumigatus keratitis mouse model, GA at 100 µg/mL did not affect cell viability, thus this concentration was applied to subsequent experiments. In vitro, GA significantly inhibited A. fumigatus growth, biofilm formation, and adhesion. In vivo, 100 µg/mL GA alleviated the severity of fungal keratitis (FK) by repressing fungal load, reducing neutrophil infiltration, and lowering MPO activity. Besides, the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, LOX-1, and COX-2 was inhibited, whereas Nrf2 and HO-1 expression was enhanced at both mRNA and protein levels in the 100 µg/mL GA treated group in comparison to PBS control.GA ameliorates FK severity through inhibiting A. fumigatus load, reducing neutrophils infiltration, downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which provides new insight into A. fumigatus keratitis treatment.

Pheromone binding proteins (PBPs), a subfamily of the odorant binding proteins (OBPs), capture and transfer sex pheromones across the sensillum lymph to pheromone receptors and initiate insect courtship and mating. In this study, we functionally characterized ten OBPs from the black chafer, Holotrichia oblita (HoblOBPs), among which six HoblOBPs (HoblOBP2, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 24) were shown to recognize sex pheromones using electroantennography assays (EAG) and in vitro fluorescence competitive binding assays. Insect tropism to sex pheromones was significantly reduced after those genes were knocked down in vivo, e.g. HoblOBP24 RNAi reduced the tropism of H. oblita to methyl glycinate by 34%. Furthermore, molecular docking revealed key residues for the binding of the six HoblOBPs with sex pheromones. And hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic forces were shown to be the main forces in the binding of the six HoblOBPs and their sex pheromone ligands. Our study characterized six H. oblita PBPs and their binding abilities to sex pheromone ligands. The results will improve our understanding on the olfactory mechanisms that H. oblita utilizes to recognize sex pheromones, and will promote the development of novel strategies for controlling H. oblita and other insect pests.

In this paper, an ultra-wideband (UWB) Vivaldi antenna with an impedance bandwidth of 800MHz-18.5GHz (23.1:1) is introduced. The two antennas are placed orthogonal to achieve 0° and 90° polarization. The antenna is fed by a fan-shaped microstrip feeder, several rectangular and triangular gaps and resistors are loaded on the radiation arms of the etched conical slot to effectively reduce the geometric size of the antenna and broaden the bandwidth. The size of the antenna is $70\text{mm}\times 45\text{mm} (0.187 \lambda_{0}\times 0.12 \lambda_{0},\quad \lambda_{0}$ is the maximum working wavelength). The VSWR parameters are less than 2:1, and the isolation of two ports is better than −23dB.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), have recently been reported to cause a significant increase in the production and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are closely correlated with lung cancer metastasis. The aim of the present study is to determine the inhibitory effects of a polysaccharide isolated from Ulva prolifera O.F. Müller (U. prolifera) on the invasive potential of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, and further to explore the underlying mechanisms connected to that potential. The data showed that increased MMP-9 resulting from H2O2 exposure was mediated by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Pre-treatment with polysaccharides suppressed the activation of H2O2-mediated MAPK pathways and cell invasion. Hence, MMP-9 production triggered by H2O2 was demonstrated by activating MAPK signaling in a Myc-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggested that polysaccharides suppress H2O2-induced cell invasion by inhibiting Myc-mediated MMP-9 gene transcription through the MAPK signaling pathway in A549 and NCI-H1650 cells. Our data also suggested that polysaccharides may be useful in minimizing the development of lung cancer metastasis. In the future, pretreatment with polysaccharides because of their antioxidant properties might be beneficial to enhance surgical outcomes.