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53. An early-type galaxy with an inner star-forming disk

Author

Li, Song-lin, shi, Yong, Chen, Yan-mei, Tabor, Martha, Bizyaev, Dmitry, Chen, Jian-hang, Yu, Xiao-ling, and Bing, Long-ji

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Early-type galaxies (ETGs) are composed of two distinct populations: high-mass and low-mass, which are likely to be built via gas-poor merging and gas-rich merging/accretion, respectively. However, it is difficult to directly associate low-mass ETGs with gas-rich processes, because currently they are gas poor with no signs of ongoing star formation. We report a discovery of an ETG (SDSS J142055.01+400715.7) with Mstellar=10^10 Msun that offers direct evidence for gas-rich merging as the origin of low-mass ETGs. The integrated properties of the galaxy are consistent with a typical low-mass ETG, but the outer and inner regions show distinct dispersion- and rotation-dominated kinematics, respectively. There are some tidal features surrounding the galaxy. These two facts suggest very recent galaxy merging. Furthermore, the inner disk harbors on-going star formation, indicating the merging to be gas rich. This type of galaxy is rare but it may be a demonstration of the role the transient phase of gas-rich merging plays in making a low-mass ETG., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2018
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54. A species-clustered ODE solver for large-scale chemical kinetics using detailed mechanisms

Author

Wang, Jian-Hang, Pan, Shucheng, Hu, Xiangyu Y., and Adams, Nikolaus A.

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

In this study, a species-clustered ordinary differential equations (ODE) solver for chemical kinetics with large detailed mechanisms based on operator-splitting is presented. The ODE system is split into clusters of species by using graph partition methods which has been intensively studied in areas of model reduction, parameterization and coarse-graining, etc. , such as diffusion maps based on the concept of Markov random walk. Definition of the weight (similarity) matrix is application-driven and according to chemical kinetics. Each cluster of species is then integrated by VODE, an implicit solver which is intractable and costly for large systems of many species and reactions. Expected speedup in computational efficiency is observed by numerical experiments on three zero-dimensional (0D) auto-ignition problems, considering the detailed hydrocarbon/air combustion mechanisms in varying scales, from 53 species with 325 reactions of methane to 2115 species with 8157 reactions of n-hexadecane., Comment: 28 pages and 14 figures

Published
2018
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57. Anti-Receptor-Binding Domain Immunoglobulin G Antibody as a Predictor of Seropositivity for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody

Author

Xue, Jian-Hang, Wang, Yong-Jing, Li, Wei, Li, Qiu-Ling, Xu, Qiu-Yan, Niu, Jian-Jun, and Liu, Li-Li

Subjects
Diagnosis, Measurement, Methods, Health aspects, Immunologic tests -- Methods, Immunoglobulin G -- Health aspects -- Measurement, COVID-19 -- Diagnosis, Immune system -- Testing
Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible and pathogenic virus that has caused serious harm to human health and public safety during the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic. (1,2) Global COVID-19 cases now [...], Context.--Neutralizing antibody detection can assess the incidence of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of vaccines. However, commercial reagents for neutralizing antibodies were developed after the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM antibodies. Therefore, some laboratories did not perform neutralizing antibody testing services because of multiple factors. Objective.--To find a fast, accurate, and economic alternative for the detection of neutralizing antibodies for the development of COVID-19 screening programs. Design.--The response and correlation of 3 antibodies (anti-spike protein neutralizing antibody, total anti-receptor-binding domain [RBD] antibody, and anti-RBD IgG) were determined by observing the dynamics in 61 participants for 160 days after vaccination. Results.--The levels of neutralizing and anti-RBD IgG antibodies reached their peak values on day 42 after vaccination (120.75 IU/mL and 14.38 signal-to-cutoff ratio [S/CO], respectively). The total antibody levels peaked at 138.47 S/CO on day 35 after vaccination. The strongest correlation was found between neutralizing and anti-RBD IgG antibody levels (r = 0.894, P Conclusions.--Neutralizing and anti-RBD IgG antibody levels were strongly correlated, and thus anti-RBD IgG antibody levels can be used for the accurate assessment of immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination.

Published
2022
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60. A Split Random Time Stepping Method for Stiff and Non-stiff Chemically Reacting Flows

Author

Wang, Jian-Hang, Pan, Shucheng, Hu, Xiangyu Y., and Adams, Nikolaus A.

Subjects
Physics - Computational Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

In this paper, a new fractional step method is proposed for simulating stiff and nonstiff chemically reacting flows. In stiff cases, a well-known spurious numerical phenomenon, i.e. the incorrect propagation speed of discontinuities, may be produced by general fractional step methods due to the under-resolved discretization in both space and time. The previous random projection method has been successfully applied for stiff detonation capturing in under-resolved conditions. Not to randomly project the intermediate state into two presumed equilibrium states (completely burnt or unburnt) as in the random projection method, the present study is to randomly choose the time-dependent advance or stop of a reaction process. Each one-way reaction has been decoupled from the multi-reaction kinetics using operator splitting and the local smeared temperature due to numerical dissipation of shock-capturing schemes is compared with a random one within two limited temperatures corresponding to the advance and its inverse states, respectively, to control the random reaction. The random activation or deactivation in the reaction step is thus promising to correct the deterministic accumulative error of the propagation of discontinuities. Extensive numerical experiments, including model problems and realistic reacting flows in one and two dimensions, demonstrate this expectation as well as the effectiveness and robustness of the method. Meanwhile, for nonstiff problems when spatial and temporal resolutions are fine, the proposed random method recovers the results as general fractional step methods, owing to the increasing possibility of activation with diminishing randomness by adding a shift term., Comment: 48 pages, 14 figures

Published
2018
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68. Triple-function Mn regulation of NiFe (oxy)hydroxide for oxygen evolution reaction.

Author

Wan, Hui, Xie, Meng-Yuan, Li, Bo, Nie, Jian-Hang, Huang, Tao, Li, Lei, Shi, Jing-Hui, Xian, Ming-Hua, Huang, Jia-Rong, Hu, Wangyu, Huang, Gui-Fang, Gao, Fei, and Huang, Wei-Qing

Subjects
OXYGEN evolution reactions, ACTIVATION energy, DENSITY functional theory, TRANSITION metals, DOPING agents (Chemistry)
Abstract

• Mn-NiFeOOH/LDH heterojunction is synthesized by a simple, one-step hydrothermal approach. • Mn doping has three functions: regulating morphology, Ni/Fe ratio and valence states of Ni ions. • DFT calculations reveal that Mn dopants alter the intermediate adsorption energy and reduce the energy barrier. • Mn-NiFeOOH/LDH heterojunction exhibits an enhanced OER performance with an ultralow overpotential. Transition metal (oxy)hydroxides are potential oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts; however, simultaneously modulating multiple factors to enhance their performance is a grand challenge. Here, we report an incorporating heteroatom strategy via one-step hydrothermal approach to adjust more than one factor of Mn-doped NiFe (oxy)hydroxide (Mn-NiFeOOH/LDH) heterojunction. Mn doping regulates heterojunction morphology (reducing nanoparticles and becoming thinner and denser nanosheets), Ni/Fe ratio and valence states (Ni2+, Ni3+, and Ni3+Δ) of Ni ions. The former could effectively increase surface active sites, and the latter two reduce the content of Fe in the Mn x -NiFeOOH/LDH heterojunction, enabling more Ni2+ convert to Ni3+/3+Δ that have higher intrinsic OER activity. As a result, the first-rank Mn-NiFeOOH/LDH with ultra-low overpotential of 185 mV@20 mA cm−2 and 296 mV@500 mA cm−2, and the improved OER performance are outdo to those of commercial RuO 2 catalyst for OER. Moreover, the Mn-NiFeOOH/LDH affords the earliest initial potential (1.392 V vs. RHE), corresponds to a recorded low overpotential (162 mV). Based on the density functional theory (DFT), Mn dopants can alter intermediate adsorption energy and effectively decrease *OOH's energy barrier. This research exhibits a feasible strategy to design low cost electrocatalysts and provide new possibilities for future industrialization. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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70. Dissection of potential anti‐osteoporosis mechanism of isopsoralen – a quality control marker in Psoraleae Fructus – by metabolite profiling and network pharmacology.

Author

Ruan, Yan‐Jie, Wang, Guo‐Wei, Chen, Zi‐Hao, Tu, Xin‐Pu, Han, Chuan‐Bao, Shi, Wei, Liu, Jian‐Hang, and Zhang, Feng‐Xiang

Subjects
DRUG development, CELLULAR signal transduction, QUALITY control, LIQUID chromatography, MASS spectrometry
Abstract

Rationale: Isopsoralen (ISO), a quality control marker (Q‐marker) in Psoraleae Fructus, is proven to present an obvious anti‐osteoporosis effect. Until now, the metabolism and anti‐osteoporosis mechanisms of ISO have not been fully elucidated, greatly restricting its drug development. Methods: The metabolites of ISO in rats were profiled by using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The potential anti‐osteoporosis mechanism of ISO in vivo was predicted by using network pharmacology. Results: A total of 15 metabolites were characterized in rats after ingestion of ISO (20 mg/kg/day, by gavage), including 2 in plasma, 12 in urine, 6 in feces, 1 in heart, 3 in liver, 1 in spleen, 1 in lung, 3 in kidney, and 2 in brain. The pharmacology network results showed that ISO and its metabolites could regulate AKT1, SRC, NFKB1, EGFR, MAPK3, etc., involved in the prolactin signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, thyroid hormone pathway, and PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway. Conclusions: This is the first time for revealing the in vivo metabolism features and potential anti‐osteoporosis mechanism of ISO by metabolite profiling and network pharmacology, providing data for further verification of pharmacological mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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71. Characterization of metabolic features and potential anti‐osteoporosis mechanism of pinoresinol diglucoside using metabolite profiling and network pharmacology.

Author

Tu, Xin‐Pu, Wu, Si‐Xian, Li, Meng‐Yin, Chen, Zi‐Hao, Liu, Cheng‐Jun, Ruan, Yan‐Jie, Zeng, Jian‐Bin, Shi, Wei, Liu, Jian‐Hang, and Zhang, Feng‐Xiang

Subjects
ORAL drug administration, CHINESE medicine, LIQUID chromatography, CELLULAR signal transduction, SULFATION
Abstract

Rationale: Eucommia cortex is the core herb in traditional Chinese medicine preparations for the treatment of osteoporosis. Pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG), the quality control marker and the key pharmacodynamic component in Eucommia cortex, has attracted global attention because of its definite effects on osteoporosis. However, the in vivo metabolic characteristics of PDG and its anti‐osteoporotic mechanism are still unclear, restricting its development and application. Methods: Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used to analyze the metabolic characteristics of PDG in rats, and its anti‐osteoporosis targets and mechanism were predicted using network pharmacology. Results: A total of 51 metabolites were identified or tentatively characterized in rats after oral administration of PDG (10 mg/kg/day), including 9 in plasma, 28 in urine, 13 in feces, 10 in liver, 4 in heart, 3 in spleen, 11 in kidneys, and 5 in lungs. Furan‐ring opening, dimethoxylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation were the main metabolic characteristics of PDG in vivo. The potential mechanism of PDG against osteoporosis was predicted using network pharmacology. PDG and its metabolites could regulate BCL2, MARK3, ALB, and IL6, involving PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, estrogen signaling pathway, and so on. Conclusions: This study was the first to demonstrate the metabolic characteristics of PDG in vivo and its potential anti‐osteoporosis mechanism, providing the data for further pharmacological validation of PDG in the treatment of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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79. Reevaluation of the density dependence of nucleon radius and mass in the global color symmetry model of QCD

Author

Liu, Yu-xin, Gao, Dong-feng, Zhou, Jian-hang, and Guo, Hua

Subjects
Nuclear Theory
Abstract

With the global color symmetry model (GCM) at finite chemical potential, the density dependence of the bag constant, the total energy and the radius of a nucleon in nuclear matter is investigated. A relation between the nuclear matter density and the chemical potential with the action of QCD being taken into account is obtained. A maximal nuclear matter density for the existence of the bag with three quarks confined within is given. The calculated results indicate that, before the maximal density is reached, the bag constant and the total energy of a nucleon decrease, and the radius of a nucleon increases slowly, with the increasing of the nuclear matter density. As the maximal nuclear matter density is reached, the mass of the nucleon vanishes and the radius becomes infinite suddenly. It manifests that a phase transition from nucleons to quarks takes place., Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures

Published
2003
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85. A portable acetylcholinesterase-based electrochemical sensor for field detection of organophosphorus

Author

Long Wen, Jianfang Wang, Zhuoliang Liu, Cheng-an Tao, Jialing Rao, Jian Hang, and Yujiao Li

Subjects
General Chemical Engineering, General Chemistry
Abstract

A portable acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-based electrochemical sensor based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and a miniature potentiostat was constructed for the rapid field detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs).

Published
2023
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86. Predominance of inhalation route in short-range transmission of respiratory viruses: Investigation based on computational fluid dynamics

Author

Wenzhao, Chen, Li, Liu, Jian, Hang, and Yuguo, Li

Subjects
Building and Construction, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract

During the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, short-range virus transmission has been observed to have a higher risk of causing infection than long-range virus transmission. However, the roles played by the inhalation and large droplet routes cannot be distinguished in practice. A recent analytical study revealed the predominance of short-range inhalation over the large droplet spray route as causes of respiratory infections. In the current study, short-range exposure was analyzed via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using a discrete phase model. Detailed facial membranes, including eyes, nostrils, and a mouth, were considered. In CFD simulations, there is no need for a spherical approximation of the human head for estimating deposition nor the "anisokinetic aerosol sampling" approximation for estimating inhalation in the analytical model. We considered two scenarios (with two spheres [Scenario 1] and two human manikins [Scenario 2]), source-target distances of 0.2 to 2 m, and droplet diameters of 3 to 1,500 µm. The overall CFD exposure results agree well with data previously obtained from a simple analytical model. The CFD results confirm the predominance of the short-range inhalation route beyond 0.2 m for expiratory droplets smaller than 50 µm during talking and coughing. A critical droplet size of 87.5 µm was found to differentiate droplet behaviors. The number of droplets deposited on the target head exceeded those exposed to facial membranes, which implies a risk of exposure through the immediate surface route over a short range.the Supplementary Materials are available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12273-022-0968-y.

Published
2022
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87. General anesthetic agents induce neurotoxicity through oligodendrocytes in the developing brain.

Author

Wen-Xin Hang, Yan-Chang Yang, Yu-Han Hu, Fu-Quan Fang, Lang Wang, Xing-Hua Qian, McQuillan, Patrick M., Hui Xiong, Jian-Hang Leng, and Zhi-Yong Hu

Subjects
ANESTHETICS, MYELINATION, CENTRAL nervous system, OLIGODENDROGLIA, NEUROTOXICOLOGY, MYELIN sheath, NEUROGLIA
Abstract

General anesthetic agents can impact brain function through interactions with neurons and their effects on glial cells. Oligodendrocytes perform essential roles in the central nervous system, including myelin sheath formation, axonal metabolism, and neuroplasticity regulation. They are particularly vulnerable to the effects of general anesthetic agents resulting in impaired proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Neurologists are increasingly interested in the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes. These agents not only act on the surface receptors of oligodendrocytes to elicit neuroinflammation through modulation of signaling pathways, but also disrupt metabolic processes and alter the expression of genes involved in oligodendrocyte development and function. In this review, we summarize the effects of general anesthetic agents on oligodendrocytes. We anticipate that future research will continue to explore these effects and develop strategies to decrease the incidence of adverse reactions associated with the use of general anesthetic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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91. Thermal perception and lung function: a panel study in young adults with exercise under high outdoor temperature

Author

Huailin Wang, Cho Kwong Charlie Lam, Maimaitiminjiang Wulayin, Xin Chen, Suhan Wang, Meng Ren, Jason Kai Wei Lee, Jian Hang, Cunrui Huang, and Qiong Wang

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Ecology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Abstract

It has been observed that high temperature exposure is associated with a reduction in lung function and some possible biological mechanisms have been suggested. However, it is unclear if thermal perception plays a role in the association. From September 3rd to 15th, 2018, in Guangzhou, China, we repeatedly measured daily thermal perception and lung function among 126 participants with outdoor military training. We performed a linear mixed model and stratified analyses by the origin of students, gender, and the training period to evaluate the effects of thermal perception on lung function. A total of 399 measurements were collected. Per vote increase in thermal sensation vote towards the "hot" direction was associated with a - 0.04 L (95% CI: - 0.08 to - 0.01) decrease in forced vital capacity (FVC), and - 0.04 L (95% CI: - 0.08 to - 0.01) decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV

Published
2022
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92. Artificial Cell Membrane Polymersome-Based Intranasal Beta Spike Formulation as a Second Generation Covid-19 Vaccine

Author

Jian Hang Lam, Devendra Shivhare, Teck Wan Chia, Suet Li Chew, Gaurav Sinsinbar, Ting Yan Aw, Siamy Wong, Shrinivas Venkataraman, Francesca Wei Inng Lim, Pierre Vandepapeliere, and Madhavan Nallani

Subjects
COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, General Engineering, COVID-19, General Physics and Astronomy, Membranes, Artificial, Antibodies, Viral, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Cricetinae, Immunoglobulin G, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Humans, Animals, Artificial Cells, General Materials Science, Rabbits
Abstract

Current parenteral coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) vaccines inadequately protect against infection of the upper respiratory tract. Additionally, antibodies generated by wild type (WT) spike-based vaccines poorly neutralize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. To address the need for a second-generation vaccine, we have initiated a preclinical program to produce and evaluate a potential candidate. Our vaccine consists of recombinant Beta spike protein coadministered with synthetic CpG adjuvant. Both components are encapsulated within artificial cell membrane (ACM) polymersomes, synthetic nanovesicles efficiently internalized by antigen presenting cells, including dendritic cells, enabling targeted delivery of cargo for enhanced immune responses. ACM vaccine is immunogenic in C57BL/6 mice and Golden Syrian hamsters, evoking high serum IgG and neutralizing responses. Compared to an ACM-WT spike vaccine that generates predominantly WT-neutralizing antibodies, the ACM-Beta spike vaccine induces antibodies that neutralize WT and Beta viruses equally. Intramuscular (IM)-immunized hamsters are strongly protected from weight loss and other clinical symptoms after the Beta challenge but show delayed viral clearance in the upper airway. With intranasal (IN) immunization, however, neutralizing antibodies are generated in the upper airway concomitant with rapid and potent reduction of viral load. Moreover, antibodies are cross-neutralizing and show good activity against Omicron. Safety is evaluated in New Zealand white rabbits in a repeated dose toxicological study under Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) conditions. Three doses, IM or IN, at two-week intervals do not induce an adverse effect or systemic toxicity. Cumulatively, these results support the application for a Phase 1 clinical trial of ACM-polymersome-based Covid-19 vaccine (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05385991).

Published
2022
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100. A Review of Nitro-Hydroxylation Transformation on Aromatic Ring

Author

Jian Hang Bu, Qian-Hui Ding, Hui Zhong, Xu-Dong Zhou, Bin Li, Wei Wang, and Wen-Bing Sheng

Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Absatract: Aromatic nitro compounds are widely used to synthesize medicine, dyes, spices, and other organic synthesis reagents for their wide sources and low cost. One of the most important uses is the synthesis of phenolic compounds. Moreover, the nitro group on the aromatic ring can be converted to hydroxyl after reduction, diazotization, and hydrolysis, which is a traditional method to get hydroxyl. This mini-review describes the methodologies and mechanisms of nitro- hydroxylation on aromatic rings and other unique transformation methods.

Published
2022
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