130 results on '"Jesper Krogh"'
Search Results
52. Dietary patterns and physical activity in people with schizophrenia and increased waist circumference
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Hans Christian Brix Nørgaard, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Helene Speyer, Ulla Toft, Carsten Hjorthøj, Mette Karlsen, Ole Mors, and Ane Storch Jakobsen
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Male ,Denmark ,Saturated fat ,Global Assessment of Functioning ,Overweight ,NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS ,DISEASE ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS ,METABOLIC SYNDROME ,education.field_of_study ,Dietary habits ,SEVERE MENTAL-ILLNESS ,Absolute risk reduction ,BIPOLAR DISORDER ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,NUTRITION ,HEALTH ,Waist Circumference ,medicine.symptom ,Adult ,Waist ,Population ,SPECTRUM DISORDERS ,03 medical and health sciences ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Exercise ,Life Style ,METAANALYSIS ,Biological Psychiatry ,Physical activity ,business.industry ,Feeding Behavior ,Cardiovascular risk ,Lifestyle ,medicine.disease ,Physical activity level ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychotic Disorders ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: People with severe mental disorders die 10-25years earlier than people in the Western background population, mainly due to lifestyle related diseases, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the most frequent cause of death. Major contributors to this excess morbidity and mortality are unhealthy lifestyle factors including tobacco smoking, unhealthy eating habits and lower levels of physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and levels of physical activity in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and overweight and to compare the results with the current recommendations and with results from the general Danish population.METHODS: We interviewed a sample of 428 people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and increased waist circumference enrolled in the CHANGE trial using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and a 24h recall interview, a Physical Activity Scale (PAS), scale for assessment of positive and negative symptoms (SAPS and SANS, respectively), Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). We compared with information on dietary intake and physical activity in the general Danish population from the Danish National Survey of Dietary Habits and Physical Activity in 2011-2013 (DANSDA).RESULTS: The CHANGE participants reported a very low energy intake and their distribution of nutrients (i.e. fat, protein and carbohydrates) harmonized with the recommendations from the Danish Health Authorities, and were similar to the latest report on the dietary habits in the Danish general population. However, the intake of saturated fat, sugar and alcohol exceed the recommended amounts and the corresponding intake in the general population. The intake of fiber, vegetables and fruit and fish were insufficient and also less than in the general population. The overall estimated quality of the dietary habits was poor, only 10.7% of the participants had healthy dietary patterns, and the quality was poorer than in the general population. Even with a very liberal definition of the term "homecooked", only 62% of the participants had taken any part in the preparation of their food. The level of physical activity was low and only one fifth of the participants complied with the recommendations of min. 30min daily moderate-to-vigorous activity. Half of the CHANGE participants were smokers, compared to 17% in the general population. Negative symptoms were significantly associated with poorer dietary quality and less physical activity, whereas no such significant associations were found for cognition, positive symptoms or antipsychotic medication.CONCLUSIONS: Even when accounting for some error from recall - and social desirability bias, the findings point in the direction that the average energy intake in obese people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders is not exceeding that of the general population, and that overweight may to some degree be a result of physical inactivity and metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotic medication. The physical activity level is low and the rate of tobacco smoking is high, and our results suggest that negative symptoms play a significant role. Future research should focus on bringing about lifestyle changes in this fragile population in order to reduce the excess risk of CVD and mortality.
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- 2018
53. Does Childhood Trauma Moderate Polygenic Risk for Depression?
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Wouter J. Peyrot, Sandra Van der Auwera, Yuri Milaneschi, Conor V. Dolan, Pamela A.F. Madden, Patrick F. Sullivan, Jana Strohmaier, Stephan Ripke, Marcella Rietschel, Michel G. Nivard, Niamh Mullins, Grant W. Montgomery, Anjali K. Henders, Andrew C. Heat, Helen L. Fisher, Erin C. Dunn, Enda M. Byrne, Tracy A. Air, Bernhard T. Baune, Gerome Breen, Douglas F. Levinson, Cathryn M. Lewis, Nick G. Martin, Elliot N. Nelson, Dorret I. Boomsma, Hans J. Grabe, Naomi R. Wray, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Manuel Mattheisen, Maciej Trzaskowski, Abdel Abdellaoui, Mark J. Adams, Esben Agerbo, Tracy M. Air, Till F.M. Andlauer, Silviu-Alin Bacanu, Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Aartjan T.F. Beekman, Tim B. Bigdeli, Elisabeth B. Binder, Douglas H.R. Blackwood, Julien Bryois, Henriette N. Buttenschøn, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Na Cai, Enrique Castelao, Jane Hvarregaard Christensen, Toni-Kim Clarke, Jonathan R.I. Coleman, Lucía Colodro-Conde, Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne, Nick Craddock, Gregory E. Crawford, Gail Davies, Ian J. Deary, Franziska Degenhardt, Eske M. Derks, Nese Direk, Thalia C. Eley, Valentina Escott-Price, null Farnush, Farhadi Hassan Kiadeh, Hilary K. Finucane, Andreas J. Forstner, Josef Frank, Héléna A. Gaspar, Michael Gill, Fernando S. Goes, Scott D. Gordon, Jakob Grove, Lynsey S. Hall, Christine Søholm Hansen, Thomas F. Hansen, Stefan Herms, Ian B. Hicki, Per Hoffmann, Georg Homuth, Carsten Horn, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, David M. Hougaard, Marcus Ising, Rick Jansen, Eric Jorgenson, James A. Knowles, Isaac S. Kohane, Julia Kraft, Warren W. Kretzschmar, Jesper Krogh, Zoltán Kutalik, Yihan Li, Penelope A. Lind, Donald J. MacIntyre, Dean F. MacKinnon, Robert M. Maier, Wolfgang Maier, Jonathan Marchini, Hamdi Mbarek, Patrick McGrath, Peter McGuffin, Sarah E. Medland, Divya Mehta, Christel M. Middeldorp, Evelin Mihailov, Lili Milani, Francis M. Mondimore, Sara Mostafavi, Matthias Nauck, Bernard Ng, Dale R. Nyholt, Paul F. O’Reilly, Hogni Oskarsson, Michael J. Owen, Jodie N. Painter, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Roseann E. Peterson, Erik Pettersson, Giorgio Pistis, Danielle Posthuma, Jorge A. Quiroz, Per Qvist, John P. Rice, Brien P. Riley, Margarita Rivera, Saira Saeed Mirza, Robert Schoevers, Eva C. Schulte, Ling Shen, Jianxin Shi, Stanley I. Shyn, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Grant C.B. Sinnamon, Johannes H. Smit, Daniel J. Smith, Hreinn Stefansson, Stacy Steinberg, Fabian Streit, Katherine E. Tansey, Henning Teismann, Alexander Teumer, Wesley Thompson, Pippa A. Thomson, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Matthew Traylor, Jens Treutlein, Vassily Trubetskoy, André G. Uitterlinden, Daniel Umbricht, Albert M. van Hemert, Alexander Viktorin, Peter M. Visscher, Yunpeng Wang, Bradley T. Webb, Shantel Marie Weinsheimer, Jürgen Wellmann, Gonneke Willemsen, Stephanie H. Witt, Yang Wu, Hualin S. Xi, Jian Yang, Futao Zhang, Volker Arolt, Klaus Berger, Sven Cichon, Udo Dannlowski, E.J.C. de Geus, J. Raymond DePaulo, Enrico Domenici, Katharina Domschke, Tõnu Esko, Steven P. Hamilton, Caroline Hayward, Andrew C. Heath, Kenneth S. Kendler, Stefan Kloiber, Glyn Lewis, Qingqin S. Li, Susanne Lucae, Patrik K. Magnusson, Nicholas G. Martin, Andrew M. McIntosh, Andres Metspalu, Ole Mors, Preben Bo Mortensen, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Merete Nordentoft, Markus M. Nöthen, Michael C. O'Donovan, Sara A. Paciga, Nancy L. Pedersen, Roy H. Perlis, David J. Porteous, James B. Potash, Martin Preisig, Catherine Schaefer, Thomas G. Schulze, Jordan W. Smoller, Kari Stefansson, Henning Tiemeier, Rudolf Uher, Henry Völzke, Myrna M. Weissman, Thomas Werge, Anders D. Børglum, Biological Psychology, APH - Methodology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Mental Health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Personalized Medicine, Adult Psychiatry, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Epidemiology, Urology, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Internal Medicine, Medical Informatics, Immunology, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Human genetics, Epidemiology and Data Science, and APH - Digital Health
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0301 basic medicine ,Child abuse ,Adult ,Male ,Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,polygenic risk ,SDG 16 - Peace ,interaction ,Risk Assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Journal Article ,Humans ,genetics ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Child Abuse ,Psychiatry ,Child ,Biological Psychiatry ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,childhood trauma ,Genetic heterogeneity ,Depression ,Adult Survivors of Child Abuse ,SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions ,Case-control study ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Justice and Strong Institutions ,meta-analysis ,030104 developmental biology ,Physical abuse ,Logistic Models ,5-HTTLPR ,Meta-analysis ,Case-Control Studies ,Major depressive disorder ,Female ,Gene-Environment Interaction ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
BackgroundThe heterogeneity of genetic effects on major depressive disorder (MDD) may be partly attributable to moderation of genetic effects by environment, such as exposure to childhood trauma (CT). Indeed, previous findings in two independent cohorts showed evidence for interaction between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and CT, albeit in opposing directions. This study aims to meta-analyze MDD-PRS × CT interaction results across these two and other cohorts, while applying more accurate PRSs based on a larger discovery sample.MethodsData were combined from 3024 MDD cases and 2741 control subjects from nine cohorts contributing to the MDD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. MDD-PRS were based on a discovery sample of ∼110,000 independent individuals. CT was assessed as exposure to sexual or physical abuse during childhood. In a subset of 1957 cases and 2002 control subjects, a more detailed five-domain measure additionally included emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect.ResultsMDD was associated with the MDD-PRS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.24, p = 3.6 × 10-5, R2 = 1.18%) and with CT (OR = 2.63, p = 3.5 × 10-18 and OR = 2.62, p = 1.4 ×10-5 for the two- and five-domain measures, respectively). No interaction was found between MDD-PRS and the two-domain and five-domain CT measure (OR = 1.00, p = .89 and OR = 1.05, p = .66).ConclusionsNo meta-analytic evidence for interaction between MDD-PRS and CT was found. This suggests that the previously reported interaction effects, although both statistically significant, can best be interpreted as chance findings. Further research is required, but this study suggests that the genetic heterogeneity of MDD is not attributable to genome-wide moderation of genetic effects by CT.
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- 2018
54. Metabolic effects of dopamine agonists in patients with prolactinomas:a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Mikkel Andreassen, Jesper Krogh, Jesper Futtrup, and Sarah Byberg
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Metabolic effect ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,dopamine agonist ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Subgroup analysis ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Dopamine agonist ,lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology ,03 medical and health sciences ,BMI ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Prolactinoma ,lcsh:RC648-665 ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Insulin ,Research ,metabolic effect ,weight ,medicine.disease ,Weight ,Prolactin ,Strictly standardized mean difference ,Meta-analysis ,prolactinoma ,Lipid profile ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Objectives Recent large cohort studies suggest an association between high plasma prolactin and cardiovascular mortality. The objective of this systematic review was to systematically assess the effect of reducing prolactin with dopamine agonist on established cardiovascular risk factors in patients with prolactinomas. Design Bibliographical search was done until February 2019 searching the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, WHO and LILAC. Eligible studies had to include participants with verified prolactinomas where metabolic variables were assessed before and after at least 2 weeks treatment with dopamine agonists. Methods Baseline data and outcomes were independently collected by two investigators. The study was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42016046525). Results Fourteen observational studies enrolling 387 participants were included. The pooled standardized mean difference of the primary outcome revealed a reduction of BMI and weight of −0.21 (95% CI −0.37 to −0.05; P = 0.01; I2 = 71%), after treatment. Subgroup analysis suggested that the reduction of weight was primarily driven by studies with high prolactin levels at baseline (P = 0.04). Secondary outcomes suggested a small decrease in waist circumference, a small-to-moderate decrease in triglycerides, fasting glucose levels, HOMA-IR, HbA1c and hsCRP, and a moderate decrease in LDL, total cholesterol and insulin. Conclusion This systematic review suggests a reduction of weight as well as an improved lipid profile and glucose tolerance after treatment with dopamine agonist in patients with prolactinomas. These data are based on low-quality evidence.
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- 2019
55. Genome-wide association analyses identify 44 risk variants and refine the genetic architecture of major depression
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Jens Treutlein, James B. Potash, Cheynna A. Crowley, Paul F. O'Reilly, Francis M. Mondimore, Nicholas G. Martin, Jodie N. Painter, Qingqin S. Li, Tõnu Esko, Michael Conlon O'Donovan, Markus M. Nöthen, Toni-Kim Clarke, Roseann E. Peterson, Shantel Weinsheimer, Naomi R. Wray, Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Pamela F.A. Madden, Johannes H. Smit, Gonneke Willemsen, Thomas Hansen, Andrew C. Heath, Carsten Horn, Udo Dannlowski, Fulai Jin, Robert A. Schoevers, Jian Yang, Nicholas Eriksson, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Hans J. Grabe, Michael Gill, Lili Milani, Caroline Hayward, Shaun Purcell, Stanley I. Shyn, Penelope A. Lind, Giorgio Pistis, Michel G. Nivard, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Abdel Abdellaoui, Andres Metspalu, David J. Porteous, Anders D. Børglum, Christine Søholm Hansen, Scott D. Gordon, Nicholas John Craddock, Susanne Lucae, Douglas Blackwood, Jürgen Wellmann, Till M.F. Andlauer, Wesley K. Thompson, Chao Tian, Rudolf Uher, Nese Direk, Yuri Milaneschi, Paola Giusti-Rodríguez, Rick Jansen, Marcus Ising, Yang Wu, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Robert Maier, Ming Hu, Kari Stefansson, Glyn Lewis, Peter McGuffin, Wolfgang Maier, Erin C. Dunn, Bradley T. Webb, Gerome Breen, Henning Teismann, Eric Jorgenson, Jorge A. Quiroz, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Warren W. Kretzschmar, Dean F. MacKinnon, Craig A. Stockmeier, Wouter J. Peyrot, Enrico Domenici, E. C.J. De Geus, Alexander Teumer, Henry Völzke, Yihan Li, Michael John Owen, Manuel Mattheisen, Bernard Ng, Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne, Daniel J. Smith, Jana Strohmaier, Vassily Trubetskoy, Volker Arolt, Douglas F. Levinson, Futao Zhang, Daniel Umbricht, Aartjan F.T. Beekman, David A. Hinds, Bernhard T. Baune, Henning Tiemeier, Hualin S. Xi, Hamdi Mbarek, Steven P. Hamilton, Stefan Kloiber, Fernando S. Goes, Jianxin Shi, Marcella Rietschel, Dale R. Nyholt, Zoltán Kutalik, Niamh Mullins, Grant W. Montgomery, Henriette N. Buttenschøn, Georg Homuth, Katharina Domschke, Alexander Viktorin, Hilary K. Finucane, Ashley R. Winslow, Saira Saeed Mirza, Fabian Streit, Erik Pettersson, Martin Preisig, Danielle Posthuma, Stephan Ripke, Lucía Colodro-Conde, Thalia C. Eley, Pippa A. Thomson, Thomas Werge, Enrique Castelao, Klaus Berger, Yun Li, Stacy Steinberg, Dorret I. Boomsma, Matthias Nauck, Sara Mostafavi, Jacqueline M. Lane, Katherine E. Tansey, Divya Mehta, Gregory E. Crawford, Andreas J. Forstner, Jane H. Christensen, Silviu Alin Bacanu, Julia Kraft, David M. Hougaard, Peter M. Visscher, Valentina Escott-Price, Donald J. MacIntyre, Sarah E. Medland, Per Qvist, Kenneth S. Kendler, Jordan W. Smoller, J. Raymond DePaulo, Ian J. Deary, Thomas G. Schulze, Julien Bryois, Ian B. Hickie, Helena Gaspar, Jonathan Mill, James A. Knowles, Cathryn M. Lewis, Hassan S. Dashti, Stefan Herms, Margarita Rivera, John P. Rice, Lynsey S. Hall, Eilis Hannon, Nancy L. Pedersen, Eva C. Schulte, Hreinn Stefansson, Maciej Trzaskowski, André G. Uitterlinden, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Gail Davies, Mark Adams, Jakob Grove, Eske M. Derks, Sven Cichon, Jonathan I.R. Coleman, Sandra Van der Auwera, Myrna M. Weissman, Preben Bo Mortensen, Josef Frank, Enda M. Byrne, Esben Agerbo, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Xiaoxiao Liu, Patrick F. Sullivan, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Ole Mors, Catherine Schaefer, Richa Saxena, Albert M. van Hemert, Jonathan Marchini, Hogni Oskarsson, Franziska Degenhardt, Tracy Air, Elisabeth B. Binder, Christel M. Middeldorp, Farnush Hassan Farhadi Kiadeh, Conor V. Dolan, Sara A. Paciga, Per Hoffmann, Leina Lu, Andrew M. McIntosh, Tim B. Bigdeli, Stephanie H. Witt, Matthew Traylor, Grant Sinnamon, Brien P. Riley, Roy H. Perlis, Patrick J. McGrath, Craig L. Hyde, Ling Shen, Na Cai, Yunpeng Wang, Evelin Mihailov, Isaac S. Kohane, APH - Mental Health, Adult Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, Biological Psychology, APH - Methodology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Personalized Medicine, Integrative Neurophysiology, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Human genetics, Epidemiology and Data Science, APH - Digital Health, Epidemiology, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Internal Medicine, eQTLGen, 23andMe, Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Perceptual and Cognitive Neuroscience (PCN), and Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP)
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) ,Multifactorial Inheritance ,Schizophrenia/genetics ,LD SCORE REGRESSION ,LOCI ,Genome-wide association study ,Bioinformatics ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,POLYGENIC RISK ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,3. Good health ,Phenotype ,Schizophrenia ,Meta-analysis ,MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION ,Genome-Wide Association Study/methods ,Major depressive disorder ,Female ,Depressive Disorder, Major/genetics ,EUROPE 2010 ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,ddc:570 ,MENTAL-DISORDERS ,Mendelian randomization ,SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS ,Genetics ,medicine ,Journal Article ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,METAANALYSIS ,EDUCATIONAL-ATTAINMENT ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Case-control study ,Case-Control Studies ,medicine.disease ,Genetic architecture ,BODY-MASS INDEX ,030104 developmental biology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Genome-Wide Association Study - Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common illness accompanied by considerable morbidity, mortality, costs, and heightened\ud risk of suicide. We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis based in 135,458 cases and 344,901 controls and identified\ud 44 independent and significant loci. The genetic findings were associated with clinical features of major depression and\ud implicated brain regions exhibiting anatomical differences in cases. Targets of antidepressant medications and genes involved\ud in gene splicing were enriched for smaller association signal. We found important relationships of genetic risk for major depression\ud with educational attainment, body mass, and schizophrenia: lower educational attainment and higher body mass were\ud putatively causal, whereas major depression and schizophrenia reflected a partly shared biological etiology. All humans carry\ud lesser or greater numbers of genetic risk factors for major depression. These findings help refine the basis of major depression\ud and imply that a continuous measure of risk underlies the clinical phenotype.
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- 2018
56. Transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumours: frequency and predictors of delayed hyponatraemia and their relationship to early readmission
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Simon Cudlip, Jesper Krogh, Caroline Kistorp, Aparna Pal, Ashley B. Grossman, and Bahram Jafar-Mohammadi
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Adenoma ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Sphenoid Sinus ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Pituitary neoplasm ,Patient Readmission ,Neurosurgical Procedures ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Sphenoid Bone ,medicine ,Humans ,Pituitary Neoplasms ,Pituitary tumours ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Transsphenoidal surgery ,business.industry ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Retrospective cohort study ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Logistic Models ,Multivariate Analysis ,Female ,Hyponatremia ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cohort study - Abstract
Objective A major cause of readmission after transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) is delayed hyponatraemia. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of hyponatraemia one week post surgery and predictors of 30-day readmissions for hyponatraemia. Design A retrospective cohort study including patients who had TSS performed for pituitary lesions. Method The risk of readmission for hyponatraemia was assessed in consecutive patients between January 2008 and March 2016. The risk of hyponatraemia one week post surgery was assessed in patients admitted for TSS between July 2011 and March 2016. Results Of all included patients, 56/522 (10.7%) were readmitted within 30 days. Hyponatraemia was found in 14/56 (25%) of 30-day readmissions. We did not identify any predictive variable for hyponatraemia on readmission. The number of patients with hyponatraemia on the seventh post-operative day was 26/314 (8.3%). The risk of hyponatraemia one week post surgery was increased by an odds ratio of 2.40 (95% CI: 1.06–5.40) in patients with a tumour abutting the optic chiasm and by an odds ratio of 1.16 (1.04–1.31) per mmol/L decrease in sodium levels on the first post-operative day. Conclusions Hyponatraemia occurred in 25% of readmissions; however, we did not identify any predictive variable for readmission with hyponatraemia. One week post surgery, 8.9% had hyponatraemia. Tumours pressing on the optic chiasm as well as a fall in sodium levels on the first post-operative day were associated with an increased risk of hyponatraemia one week post surgery. We suggest that a day 7 serum sodium
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- 2018
57. Cerebrospinal fluid markers of inflammation and infections in schizophrenia and affective disorders:a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Daniel Kondziella, Michael E. Benros, Sophie Brix, Ole Köhler-Forsberg, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, and Sonja Orlovska-Waast
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Male ,Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) ,HERPES-SIMPLEX TYPE-1 ,MEDLINE ,Review Article ,AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES ,VIRAL ANTIBODIES ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Mood Disorders/cerebrospinal fluid ,Schizophrenia/cerebrospinal fluid ,Medicine ,Humans ,Cerebrospinal Fluid/immunology ,Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid ,Inflammation/cerebrospinal fluid ,Molecular Biology ,Depression ,business.industry ,BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER ,Published Erratum ,CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM ,NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA ,Diagnostic markers ,BIPOLAR DISORDER ,RECENT-ONSET ,C-REACTIVE PROTEIN ,Psychotic Disorders/cerebrospinal fluid ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Meta-analysis ,DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,business ,Clinical psychology ,Infections/cerebrospinal fluid - Abstract
Infections and inflammatory processes have been associated with the development of schizophrenia and affective disorders; however, no study has yet systematically reviewed all available studies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune alterations. We aimed to systematically review the CSF immunological findings in schizophrenia spectrum and affective disorders. We identified all studies investigating CSF inflammatory markers in persons with schizophrenia or affective disorders published prior to March 23, 2017 searching PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Psychinfo, and LILACS. Literature search, data extraction and bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses with standardized mean difference (SMD) including 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed on case-healthy control studies. We identified 112 CSF studies published between 1942–2016, and 32 case-healthy control studies could be included in meta-analyses. Studies varied regarding gender distribution, age, disease duration, treatment, investigated biomarkers, and whether recruitment happened consecutively or based on clinical indication. The CSF/serum albumin ratio was increased in schizophrenia (1 study [54 patients]; SMD = 0.71; 95% CI 0.33–1.09) and affective disorders (4 studies [298 patients]; SMD = 0.41; 95% CI 0.23–0.60, I 2 = 0%), compared to healthy controls. Total CSF protein was elevated in both schizophrenia (3 studies [97 patients]; SMD = 0.41; 95% CI 0.15–0.67, I 2 = 0%) and affective disorders (2 studies [53 patients]; SMD = 0.80; 95% CI 0.39–1.21, I 2 = 0%). The IgG ratio was increased in schizophrenia (1 study [54 patients]; SMD = 0.68; 95% CI 0.30–1.06), whereas the IgG Albumin ratio was decreased (1 study [32 patients]; SMD = −0.62; 95% CI −1.13 to −0.12). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (7 studies [230 patients]; SMD = 0.55; 95% CI 0.35–0.76; I 2 = 1%) and IL-8 levels (3 studies [95 patients]; SMD = 0.46; 95% CI 0.17–0.75, I 2 = 0%) were increased in schizophrenia but not significantly increased in affective disorders. Most of the remaining inflammatory markers were not significantly different compared to healthy controls in the meta-analyses. However, in the studies which did not include healthy controls, CSF abnormalities were more common, and two studies found CSF dependent re-diagnosis in 3.2–6%. Current findings suggest that schizophrenia and affective disorders may have CSF abnormalities including signs of blood-brain barrier impairment and inflammation. However, the available evidence does not allow any firm conclusion since all studies showed at least some degree of bias and vastly lacked inclusion of confounding factors. Moreover, only few studies investigated the same parameters with healthy controls and high-quality longitudinal CSF studies are lacking, including impact of psychotropic medications, lifestyle factors and potential benefits of anti-inflammatory treatment in subgroups with CSF inflammation.
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- 2019
58. Correction:Cerebrospinal fluid markers of inflammation and infections in schizophrenia and affective disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Sonja Orlovska-Waast, Ole Köhler-Forsberg, Sophie Wiben Brix, Merete Nordentoft, Daniel Kondziella, Jesper Krogh, and Michael Eriksen Benros
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Inflammation ,Male ,Published Erratum ,Depression ,Mood Disorders ,Correction ,Diagnostic markers ,Infections ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Psychotic Disorders ,Schizophrenia ,Humans ,Female ,Molecular Biology ,Biomarkers ,Cerebrospinal Fluid - Abstract
Infections and inflammatory processes have been associated with the development of schizophrenia and affective disorders; however, no study has yet systematically reviewed all available studies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune alterations. We aimed to systematically review the CSF immunological findings in schizophrenia spectrum and affective disorders. We identified all studies investigating CSF inflammatory markers in persons with schizophrenia or affective disorders published prior to March 23, 2017 searching PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Psychinfo, and LILACS. Literature search, data extraction and bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses with standardized mean difference (SMD) including 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed on case-healthy control studies. We identified 112 CSF studies published between 1942-2016, and 32 case-healthy control studies could be included in meta-analyses. Studies varied regarding gender distribution, age, disease duration, treatment, investigated biomarkers, and whether recruitment happened consecutively or based on clinical indication. The CSF/serum albumin ratio was increased in schizophrenia (1 study [54 patients]; SMD = 0.71; 95% CI 0.33-1.09) and affective disorders (4 studies [298 patients]; SMD = 0.41; 95% CI 0.23-0.60, I
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- 2019
59. [Electroconvulsive therapy for a patient with cochlear implant]
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Jesper Krogh, Lauridsen
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Depressive Disorder, Major ,Cochlear Implants ,Treatment Outcome ,Humans ,Female ,Electroconvulsive Therapy ,Cochlear Implantation ,Aged - Abstract
In this case report, a 78-year-old woman, who had a cochlear implant, was treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The patient suffered from major depressive disorder with psychotic features. Normally, ECT is not recommended for patients with cochlear implants because of a potential risk of damage to the patient or the implant, but in this case ECT was performed due to life-threatening conditions. The treatment was effective and well-tolerated, and there was no damage to the cochlear implant.
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- 2019
60. Lifestyle Interventions for Weight Management in People with Serious Mental Illness: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis, Trial Sequential Analysis, and Meta-Regression Analysis Exploring the Mediators and Moderators of Treatment Effects
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Ane Storch Jakobsen, Christian Gluud, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Carsten Hjorthøj, Kirstine Bro Jørgensen, Hans Christian Brix Nørgaard, Christoph U. Correll, Casper Westergaard, Helene Speyer, and Charlotta Pisinger
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Lifestyle intervention ,Quality of life ,Weight loss ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Metabolic risk factors ,Psychological intervention ,Adverse effect ,Weight Gain ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Weight management ,medicine ,Antipsychotics ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Obesity ,Life Style ,Applied Psychology ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,business.industry ,Mental Disorders ,General Medicine ,Serious mental illness ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Systematic review ,Meta-analysis ,Relative risk ,Physical therapy ,Quality of Life ,Regression Analysis ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index ,Risk Reduction Behavior ,Antipsychotic Agents - Abstract
Background: Serious mental illness (SMI) reduces life expectancy, primarily due to somatic comorbidity linked to obesity. Meta-analyses have found beneficial effects of lifestyle interventions in people with SMI and recommended their implementation to manage obesity. Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the benefits and harms of individualized lifestyle interventions for weight in people diagnosed with SMI and to explore potential mediators and moderators of the effect. Methods: The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42016049093). Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of individualized lifestyle interventions on weight management in people with SMI were included. Primary outcomes were differences in endpoint body mass index (BMI) and the proportion achieving clinically relevant weight loss (≥5%). Secondary outcomes included quality of life, cardiometabolic risk factors, and adverse effects. Results: We included 41 RCTs (n = 4,267). All trials were at high risk of bias according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The experimental interventions reduced the mean difference in BMI by –0.63 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = –1.02 to –0.23; p = 0.002; I2 = 70.7%) compared to the control groups. At postintervention follow-up (17 RCTs), the effect size remained similar but was no longer significant (BMI = –0.63 kg/m2; 95% CI = –1.30 to 0.04; p = 0.07; I2 = 48.8%). The risk ratio for losing ≥5% of baseline weight was 1.51 (95% CI = 1.07–2.13; p = 0.02) compared to the control groups. GRADE showed very low or low quality of evidence. Conclusion: There is a statistically significant, but clinically insignificant, mean effect of individualized lifestyle interventions for weight reduction in people with SMI.
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- 2019
61. Applying polygenic risk scoring for psychiatric disorders to a large family with bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder
- Author
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Peter P. Zandi, Lisa Jones, Aartjan T.F. Beekman, Christine Fraser, Andreas J. Forstner, Nese Direk, Mark Lathrop, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Bradley T. Webb, Yihan Li, Michael Bauer, Qingqin S. Li, Daniel J. Smith, Carsten Horn, Robert C. Thompson, René Breuer, Eli A. Stahl, David A. Collier, Richard Williamson, Boomsma, Dorret, I, Céline S. Reinbold, Laura J. Scott, Manolis Kogevinas, Jacob Lawrence, Caroline Hayward, Nicholas J. Schork, Penelope A. Lind, Wade H. Berrettini, John B. Vincent, Toni-Kim Clarke, Henry Voelzke, Stacy Steinberg, Hreinn Stefansson, Dean F. MacKinnon, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Niamh Mullins, Esben Agerbo, Rudolf Uher, Christina M. Hultman, Pamela A. F. Madden, Eva C. Schulte, Matthew Flickinger, Sebastian Zöllner, Kenneth S. Kendler, Urban Ösby, Enrique Castelao, Michael John Owen, Colm O'Dushlaine, Jens Treutlein, Joanna Hauser, Markus M. Noethen, Erin N. Smith, James McKay, Sandra Van der Auwera, Erin C. Dunn, Steven P. Hamilton, Martin Schalling, Helmut Vedder, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Fabio Rivas, Matthias Nauck, James B. Potash, Morten Mattingsdal, Ling Shen, Tim B. Bigdeli, Kimberly Chambert, Volker Arolt, Daniel L. Koller, Annelie Nordin Adolfsson, Na Cai, Nicholas G. Martin, Carlos N. Pato, Georg Homuth, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Alexander Teumer, Wesley K. Thompson, Hamel Patel, Jian Yang, Margit Burmeister, Frank Bellivier, Jodie N. Painter, Enda M. Byrne, Margarita Rivera, Nicholas John Craddock, Tatiana Foroud, Shaun Purcell, Paul D. Shilling, David Craig, Vanessa Kiyomi Ota, Michael Boehnke, Devin Absher, Stéphane Jamain, Anne Farmer, Yunpeng Wang, Ole Mors, William A. Scheftner, Jack D. Barchas, Robert Maier, Stanley J. Watson, Allan H. Young, Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne, Jakob Grove, Rick Jansen, John P. Rice, Gerome Breen, Eske M. Derks, Ingrid Melle, Tiffany A. Greenwood, Manuel Mattheisen, Bernard Ng, Edward M. Scolnick, Stefan Kloiber, Lili Milani, Yuri Milaneschi, Fermín Mayoral, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Sarah E. Medland, Wolfgang Maier, Alan F. Schatzberg, Myrna M. Weissman, Jun Li, John R. Kelsoe, Eric Jorgenson, Grant C.B. Sinnamon, Preben Bo Mortensen, Jana Strohmaier, William Byerley, Michel G. Nivard, Richard M. Myers, Evelin Mihailov, Gustavo Turecki, Benjamin S. Pickard, Ian J. Deary, Bernhard T. Baune, Marian L. Hamshere, Stephanie H. Witt, Patrick F. Sullivan, Jennifer L. Moran, Farnush Farhadi Hassan Kiadeh, Cathryn M. Lewis, Srdjan Djurovic, Ian B. Hickie, Hans J. Grabe, Helena Gaspar, Francis J. McMahon, Catherine Schaefer, Guy A. Rouleau, Sandra Meier, Derek W. Morris, Tõnu Esko, Wouter J. Peyrot, Markus Schwarz, Silviu-Alin Bacanu, Adam Wright, Melvin G. McInnis, Elaine K. Green, Douglas M. Ruderfer, Danielle Posthuma, Franziska Degenhardt, Per Qvist, Henriette N. Buttenschøn, Jolanta Lissowska, Stephan Ripke, Nicholas Bass, Giorgio Pistis, Emma M. Quinn, Shantel Weinsheimer, Howard J. Edenberg, Sintia Iole Belangero, Charles Curtis, Ashley R. Winslow, Tracy M. Air, Johannes H. Smit, Isaac S. Kohane, Wei Xu, Pamela B. Mahon, Neonila Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Gonneke Willemsen, Ivan Nikolov, Sven Cichon, Gregory E. Crawford, David M. Hougaard, E.J.C. de Geus, Klaus Berger, Evaristus A. Nwulia, Fernando S. Goes, Pablo Cervantes, Udo Dannlowski, Rolf Adolfsson, Thomas G. Schulze, Bruno Etain, Mark J. Adams, Thomas Hansen, Hugh Gurling, Fan Guo Meng, Judith A. Badner, Julien Bryois, Mateus Jose Abdalla Diniz, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Radhika Kandaswamy, Josef Frank, I. Nicol Ferrier, Bertram Mueller-Myhsok, Manuel A. R. Ferreira, Marion Leboyer, Futao Zhang, Valentina Moskvina, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Laura M. Huckins, Douglas Blackwood, Michael Gill, Jianxin Shi, Dale R. Nyholt, Nancy L. Pedersen, André G. Uitterlinden, Henning Tiemeier, Vassily Trubetskoy, Scott D. Gordon, Ian Jones, Grant W. Montgomery, Martin Preisig, Cristiana Cruceanu, Sara A. Paciga, Lena Backlund, Abdel Abdellaoui, Andres Metspalu, Gunnar Morken, Marcus Ising, Sascha B. Fischer, Lilijana Oruc, Sian Caesar, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Thalia C. Eley, Vihra Milanova, Thomas Werge, Andrew Heath, Katherine E. Tansey, Thomas W. Muehleisen, Jane H. Christensen, Chunyu Liu, Mikael Landén, Douglas F. Levinson, Julia Kraft, Juergen Wellmann, Coleman, Jonathan R., I, Peng Zhang, Glyn Lewis, Henning Teismann, Hamdi Mbarek, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Szabolcs Szelinger, Alexander Viktorin, Paul Brennan, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Maciej Trzaskowski, Yang Wu, Katharina Domschke, John Strauss, Hilary K. Finucane, Detelina Grozeva, Peter Holmans, Saira Saeed Mirza, Ole A. Andreassen, John I. Nurnberger, Lynsey S Hall, Till F. M. Andlauer, Sara Mostafavi, Andreas Reif, Joanna M. Biernacka, Christine Søholm Hansen, Hualin S. Xi, Stephen Newhouse, William E. Bunney, Andrew M. McIntosh, Anna Maaser, Enrico Domenici, Shyn, Stanley, I, Gail Davies, Warren W. Kretzschmar, Simone de Jong, Lucía Colodro-Conde, Pippa A. Thomson, Francis M. Mondimore, Martin Hautzinger, Cinnamon S. Bloss, Fabian Streit, James L. Kennedy, Erik Pettersson, Peter M. Visscher, Valentina Escott-Price, Donald J. MacIntyre, Johannes Schumacher, Kevin A. McGhee, Divya Mehta, Naomi R. Wray, Robert A. Schoevers, John A. Rice, Jordan W. Smoller, Anders D. Børglum, Susanne Lucae, Jorge A. Quiroz, Daniel Umbricht, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Kari Stefansson, Marcella Rietschel, Zoltán Kutalik, Sarah E. Bergen, Paul F. O'Reilly, Amanda Dobbyn, Michael Conlon O'Donovan, Falk W. Lohoff, Caroline M. Nievergelt, David J. Porteous, Matthew Traylor, Brien P. Riley, Roy H. Perlis, J. Raymond DePaulo, Martin Alda, James A. Knowles, Cristiano Noto, Keith Matthews, Mark A. Frye, Patrick J. McGrath, Roseann E. Peterson, David St Clair, Roel A. Ophoff, William Coryell, Peter McGuffin, Andiara Calado Saloma Rodrigues, Elliot S. Gershon, Conor V. Dolan, Janice M. Fullerton, Weihua Guan, Niklas Långström, Pamela Sklar, Paul Lichtenstein, Per Hoffmann, Ary Gadelha, Alan W. McLean, Andrew McQuillin, Philip B. Mitchell, Huda Akil, Piotr M. Czerski, Michael Steffens, Hogni Oskarsson, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Marcos L. Santoro, Elisabeth B. Binder, Christel M. Middeldorp, Jose G. Para, Jurgen Del-Favero, Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar, Peter R. Schofield, Stefan Herms, Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Andrea Pfennig, Albert M. van Hemert, Jutta Kammerer-Ciernioch, Adebayo Anjorin, Sara Paciga, William Lawson, George Kirov, Aiden Corvin, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Jonathan Marchini, Markus Leber, Maria Hipolito, Louise Frisén, Margitta Borrmann-Hassenbach, Amanda Elkin, Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Working Groups of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Wray, N.R., Ripke, S., Mattheisen, M., Trzaskowski, M., Byrne, E.M., Abdellaoui, A., Adams, M.J., Agerbo, E., Air, T.M., Andlauer, TFM, Bacanu, S.A., Bækvad-Hansen, M., Beekman, ATF, Bigdeli, T.B., Binder, E.B., Blackwood, DHR, Bryois, J., Buttenschøn, H.N., Bybjerg-Grauholm, J., Cai, N., Castelao, E., Christensen, J.H., Clarke, T.K., Coleman, JRI, Colodro-Conde, L., Couvy-Duchesne, B., Craddock, N., Crawford, G.E., Davies, G., Deary, I.J., Degenhardt, F., Derks, E.M., Direk, N., Dolan, C.V., Dunn, E.C., Eley, T.C., Escott-Price, V., Kiadeh, FFH, Finucane, H.K., Forstner, A.J., Frank, J., Gaspar, H.A., Gill, M., Goes, F.S., Gordon, S.D., Grove, J., Hansen, C.S., Hansen, T.F., Herms, S., Hickie, I.B., Hoffmann, P., Homuth, G., Horn, C., Hottenga, J.J., Hougaard, D.M., Ising, M., Jansen, R., Jones, I., Jones, L.A., Jorgenson, E., Knowles, J.A., Kohane, I.S., Kraft, J., Kretzschmar, W.W., Krogh, J., Kutalik, Z., Li, Y., Lind, P.A., MacIntyre, D.J., MacKinnon, D.F., Maier, R.M., Maier, W., Marchini, J., Mbarek, H., McGrath, P., McGuffin, P., Medland, S.E., Mehta, D., Middeldorp, C.M., Mihailov, E., Milaneschi, Y., Milani, L., Mondimore, F.M., Montgomery, G.W., Mostafavi, S., Mullins, N., Nauck, M., Ng, B., Nivard, M.G., Nyholt, D.R., Oskarsson, H., Owen, M.J., Painter, J.N., Pedersen, C.B., Pedersen, M.G., Peterson, R.E., Pettersson, E., Peyrot, W.J., Pistis, G., Posthuma, D., Quiroz, J.A., Qvist, P., Rice, J.P., Riley, B.P., Rivera, M., Mirza, S.S., Schoevers, R., Schulte, E.C., Shen, L., Shyn, S.I., Sigurdsson, E., Sinnamon, GCB, Smit, J.H., Smith, D.J., Stefansson, H., Steinberg, S., Streit, F., Strohmaier, J., Tansey, K.E., Teismann, H., Teumer, A., Thompson, W., Thomson, P.A., Thorgeirsson, T.E., Traylor, M., Treutlein, J., Trubetskoy, V., Uitterlinden, A.G., Umbricht, D., Van der Auwera, S., van Hemert, A.M., Viktorin, A., Visscher, P.M., Wang, Y., Webb, B.T., Weinsheimer, S.M., Wellmann, J., Willemsen, G., Witt, S.H., Wu, Y., Xi, H.S., Yang, J., Zhang, F., Arolt, V., Baune, B.T., Berger, K., Boomsma, D.I., Cichon, S., Dannlowski, U., de Geus, EJC, DePaulo, J.R., Domenici, E., Domschke, K., Esko, T., Grabe, H.J., Hamilton, S.P., Hayward, C., Heath, A.C., Kendler, K.S., Kloiber, S., Lewis, G., Li, Q.S., Lucae, S., Madden, PAF, Magnusson, P.K., Martin, N.G., McIntosh, A.M., Metspalu, A., Mors, O., Mortensen, P.B., Müller-Myhsok, B., Nordentoft, M., Nöthen, M.M., O'Donovan, M.C., Paciga, S.A., Pedersen, N.L., Penninx, BWJH, Perlis, R.H., Porteous, D.J., Potash, J.B., Preisig, M., Rietschel, M., Schaefer, C., Schulze, T.G., Smoller, J.W., Stefansson, K., Tiemeier, H., Uher, R., Völzke, H., Weissman, M.M., Werge, T., Lewis, C.M., Levinson, D.F., Børglum, A.D., Sullivan, P.F., Meier, S., Strauss, J., Xu, W., Vincent, J.B., Matthews, K., Ferreira, M., O'Dushlaine, C., Purcell, S., Raychaudhuri, S., Ruderfer, D.M., Sklar, P., Scott, L.J., Flickinger, M., Burmeister, M., Li, J., Guan, W., Absher, D., Thompson, R.C., Meng, F.G., Schatzberg, A.F., Bunney, W.E., Barchas, J.D., Watson, S.J., Myers, R.M., Akil, H., Boehnke, M., Chambert, K., Moran, J., Scolnick, E., Djurovic, S., Melle, I., Morken, G., Corvin, A., Anjorin, A., Kandaswamy, R., Lawrence, J., McLean, A.W., Pickard, B.S., Bergen, S.E., Nimgaonkar, V., Landén, M., Schalling, M., Osby, U., Backlund, L., Frisén, L., Langstrom, N., Stahl, E., Dobbyn, A., Jamain, S., Etain, B., Bellivier, F., Leber, M., Maaser, A., Fischer, S.B., Reinbold, C.S., Kittel-Schneider, S., Fullerton, J.M., Oruč, L., Para, J.G., Mayoral, F., Rivas, F., Czerski, P.M., Kammerer-Ciernioch, J., Vedder, H., Borrmann-Hassenbach, M., Pfennig, A., Brennan, P., McKay, J.D., Kogevinas, M., Schwarz, M., Schofield, P.R., Mühleisen, T.W., Schumacher, J., Bauer, M., Wright, A., Mitchell, P.B., Hautzinger, M., Kelsoe, J.R., Greenwood, T.A., Nievergelt, C.M., Shilling, P.D., Smith, E.N., Bloss, C.S., Edenberg, H.J., Koller, D.L., Gershon, E.S., Liu, C., Badner, J.A., Scheftner, W.A., Lawson, W.B., Nwulia, E.A., Hipolito, M., Coryell, W., Rice, J., Byerley, W., McMahon, F.J., Lohoff, F.W., Zandi, P.P., Mahon, P.B., McInnis, M.G., Zöllner, S., Zhang, P., Szelinger, S., St Clair, D., Caesar, S., Gordon-Smith, K., Fraser, C., Green, E.K., Grozeva, D., Hamshere, M.L., Kirov, G., Nikolov, I., Collier, D.A., Elkin, A., Williamson, R., Young, A.H., Ferrier, I.N., Milanova, V., Alda, M., Cervantes, P., Cruceanu, C., Rouleau, G.A., Turecki, G., Paciga, S., Winslow, A.R., Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, M., Ophoff, R., Adolfsson, R., Adolfsson, A.N., Del-Favero, J., Pato, C., Biernacka, J.M., Frye, M.A., Morris, D., Schork, N.J., Reif, A., Lissowska, J., Hauser, J., Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N., McGhee, K., Quinn, E., Moskvina, V., Holmans, P.A., Farmer, A., Kennedy, J.L., Andreassen, O.A., Mattingsdal, M., Bass, N.J., Gurling, H., McQuillin, A., Breuer, R., Hultman, C., Lichtenstein, P., Huckins, L.M., Leboyer, M., Lathrop, M., Nurnberger, J., Steffens, M., Foroud, T.M., Berrettini, W.H., Craig, D.W., Shi, J., Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Perceptual and Cognitive Neuroscience (PCN), Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), Major Depressive Disorder Bipolar, Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Methodology, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, APH - Personalized Medicine, Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, APH - Mental Health, Pediatric Surgery, Epidemiology, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Psychiatry, and Internal Medicine
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Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) ,0301 basic medicine ,Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Working Groups of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium ,Bipolar Disorder ,SAMPLE ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Pedigree chart ,Disease ,0302 clinical medicine ,SCHIZOPHRENIA ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Medicine ,Aetiology ,ANTICIPATION ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Psychiatry ,0303 health sciences ,Depression ,ASSOCIATION ,Serious Mental Illness ,Mental Health ,Schizophrenia ,Major depressive disorder ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Engineering sciences. Technology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Context (language use) ,Article ,Psykiatri ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,AGE ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,ddc:570 ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Genetics ,PLINK ,Genetic Testing ,Bipolar disorder ,Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,business.industry ,Prevention ,Human Genome ,Assortative mating ,medicine.disease ,Brain Disorders ,030104 developmental biology ,Mood ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Mood disorders ,Anticipation (genetics) ,ONSET ,Human medicine ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are thought to have a complex genetic pathology consisting of interplay of common and rare variation. Traditionally, pedigrees are used to shed light on the latter only, while here we discuss the application of polygenic risk scores to also highlight patterns of common genetic risk. We analyze polygenic risk scores for psychiatric disorders in a large pedigree (n ~ 260) in which 30% of family members suffer from major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. Studying patterns of assortative mating and anticipation, it appears increased polygenic risk is contributed by affected individuals who married into the family, resulting in an increasing genetic risk over generations. This may explain the observation of anticipation in mood disorders, whereby onset is earlier and the severity increases over the generations of a family. Joint analyses of rare and common variation may be a powerful way to understand the familial genetics of psychiatric disorders., Simone de Jong et al. examine the balance of common and rare risk for psychiatric disorders in a large family with high incidence of Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. They find that increased polygenic risk over generations could be partially due to assortative mating, which may explain the observation of anticipation in mood disorders.
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- 2018
62. Association analyses of depression and genes in the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis
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Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Henrietta Nørmølle Buttenschøn, Marit Nyholm Nielsen, Ole Mors, and Linda Kaerlev
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Male ,Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ,hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pituitary-Adrenal System ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ,Polymorphism (computer science) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Association (psychology) ,Gene ,Genetic Association Studies ,Biological Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Genetics ,Depressive Disorder ,biology ,association ,Angiotensin-converting enzyme ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Endocrinology ,Hypothalamus ,depression ,biology.protein ,Female ,FKBP5 ,angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
ObjectiveDysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis has been reported in depression. The aim was to investigate the potential association between depression and seven genes regulating or interfering with the HPA axis, including the gene encoding angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).MethodsIn total, 78 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one insertion/deletion polymorphism were genotyped. The study included 408 individuals with depression and 289 controls. In a subset of cases, the interaction between genetic variants and stressful life events (SLEs) was investigated.ResultsAfter quality control, 68 genetic variants were left for analyses. Four of nine variants within ACE were nominally associated with depression and a gene-wise association was likewise observed. However, none of the SNPs located within AVP, CRH, CRHR1, CRHR2, FKBP5 or NC3C1 were associated with depression. One nominally significant interaction, most likely due to chance, was identified.ConclusionThe results indicate that ACE could be a potential candidate gene for depression.
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- 2016
63. EFFECTIVENESS OF DIALECTICAL BEHAVIOR THERAPY VERSUS COLLABORATIVE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF SUICIDALITY TREATMENT FOR REDUCTION OF SELF-HARM IN ADULTS WITH BORDERLINE PERSONALITY TRAITS AND DISORDER-A RANDOMIZED OBSERVER-BLINDED CLINICAL TRIAL
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Jesper Krogh, Lasse Randers, Helle K. L. Jessen, Christian Gluud, Christina Wenneberg, Rasmus R. Thomsen, Kate Andreasson, Merete Nordentoft, and Kristine Krakauer
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Poison control ,Suicide prevention ,law.invention ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,Behavior Therapy ,Borderline Personality Disorder ,law ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,medicine ,Humans ,Outpatient clinic ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Psychiatry ,Borderline personality disorder ,Suicide attempt ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Dialectical behavior therapy ,030227 psychiatry ,Clinical trial ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Female ,Psychology ,Self-Injurious Behavior ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background Many psychological treatments have shown effect on reducing self-harm in adults with borderline personality disorder. There is a need of brief psychotherapeutical treatment alternative for suicide prevention in specialized outpatient clinics. Methods/Design The DiaS trial was designed as a pragmatic single-center, two-armed, parallel-group observer-blinded, randomized clinical superiority trial. The participants had at least two criteria from the borderline personality disorder diagnosis and a recent suicide attempt (within a month). The participants were offered 16 weeks of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) versus up to 16 weeks of collaborative assessment and management of suicidality (CAMS) treatment. The primary composite outcome was the number of participants with a new self-harm (nonsuicidal self-injury [NSSI] or suicide attempt) at week 28 from baseline. Other exploratory outcomes were: severity of borderline symptoms, depressive symptoms, hopelessness, suicide ideation, and self-esteem. Results At 28 weeks, the number of participants with new self-harm in the DBT group was 21 of 57 (36.8%) versus 12 of 51 (23.5%) in the CAMS treatment (OR: 1.90; 95% CI: 0.80–4.40; P = .14). When assessing the effect of DBT versus CAMS treatment on the individual components of the primary outcome, we observed no significant differences in the number of NSSI (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.70–3.90; P = .31) or number of attempted suicides (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 0.80–7.50; P = .12). Conclusion In adults with borderline personality traits and disorder and a recent suicide attempt, DBT does not seem superior compared with CAMS for reduction of number of self-harm or suicide attempts. However, further randomized clinical trials may be needed.
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- 2016
64. Effectiveness of the Gold Standard Programme (GSP) for smoking cessation on smokers with and without a severe mental disorder: a Danish cohort study
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Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Hanne Tønnesen, Mads Klinge, and Mette Rasmussen
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Databases, Factual ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Denmark ,Psychological intervention ,gold standard programme ,smoking ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Age Distribution ,Organic mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Sex Distribution ,Prospective cohort study ,Smoking and Tobacco ,cessation intervention ,Aged ,business.industry ,Public health ,Research ,Mental Disorders ,Gold standard ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Mental illness ,mental illness ,dual diagnoses ,Family medicine ,Smoking cessation ,Patient Compliance ,Female ,Smoking Cessation ,Self Report ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cohort study ,Program Evaluation - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We compared the effectiveness of an intensive smoking cessation intervention among smokers with and without a severe mental disorder (SMD) and identified factors associated with successful quitting. The main hypothesis was that smokers with an SMD would be less likely to stay continuously smoke-free for 6 months.DESIGN: A prospective cohort study.SETTING: In all, 302 smoking cessation clinics in Denmark from municipal clinics, pharmacies, hospitals, midwives, primary care facilities and other private providers who reported data to the national Danish Smoking Cessation Database from 2006 to 2016 participated in this study.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 38 293 patients from the Danish Smoking Cessation Database. Patients with an SMD were identified by linking data to the Danish National Patient Register. Diagnoses of organic mental disorders (F0 chapter) or intellectual disabilities (F7 chapter) were not included. Smokers ≥18 years old who were attending a Gold Standard Programme (GSP) with planned follow-up were included. Smokers not wanting contact after 6 months were excluded.INTERVENTIONS: A comprehensive manual-based smoking cessation intervention comprising five meetings over a 6-week period (the GSP).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported continuous abstinence at the 6-month follow-up.RESULTS: In all, 69% of the participants participated in the follow-up after 6 months. The overall rate of successful quitting was high but significantly lower in SMD smokers (29% vs 38%; OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.80). Variables associated with successful quitting were compliance (defined as attending ≥75% of the planned meetings), older age and male gender as well as not being disadvantaged, heavy smoking or recommendation of intervention by health professionals.CONCLUSIONS: Only 29% of smokers with an SMD successfully quit smoking which was significantly lower than the 38% of smokers without an SMD. Compliance was the most important predictor for successful quitting.
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- 2018
65. The association between norepinephrine and metabolism in patients with major depression
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Betina Elfving, Jesper Futtrup, Jesper Krogh, and Merete Nordentoft
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business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index ,Physiology ,Metabolism ,Disease ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Affect (psychology) ,Norepinephrine (medication) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Blood pressure ,medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Association (psychology) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Previous studies indicate that levels of plasma norepinephrine (p-NE) are altered in depressed patients. However, it is unclear whether altered NE metabolism is involved in the pathogenic association between depression and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was, firstly, to investigate if p-NE levels differ between patients with major depression and healthy controls. Secondly, the study sought to assess the associations between p-NE and metabolic variables in all participants. The third and final aim of the study was to assess if the associations between p-NE and metabolic variables are influenced by disease status (depression vs. healthy). Methods 108 patients with major depression and 44 healthy controls were tested for levels of p-NE and metabolic variables that affect cardiovascular risk. Results The median level of p-NE in depressed patients (DSM-IV) was 2636 pg/ml, (IQR 2094–3143) and 2279 pg/ml (IQR 2007–2562) in non-depressed controls (p = 0.013). However, the difference between p-NE levels was non-significant when adjusted for daily smoking (p = 0.138). Significant associations (p ≤ 0.05) were observed between p-NE and p-lipids, mean arterial blood pressure, p-insulin, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index as well as inflammatory markers. Conclusions Elevated levels of p-NE observed in patients with major depression were attributable to daily smoking, rather than to the depressive disorder. Important associations were found between p-NE and metabolic variables that affect cardiovascular risk. This is interesting from a clinical point of view, since affected individuals may benefit from simple and inexpensive treatments that influence sympathetic activity. All associations were independent of disease status.
- Published
- 2018
66. Chronic psychological stress seems associated with elements of the metabolic syndrome in patients with ischaemic heart disease
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Søren Ballegaard, Finn Gyntelberg, Jesper Krogh, Natasha C. Bergmann, Åke Hjalmarson, Per Bech, and Jens Faber
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Major Depression Inventory ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Myocardial Ischemia ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Chronic stress ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Aged ,Demography ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,chemistry ,Cohort ,Hyperalgesia ,Chronic Disease ,Physical therapy ,Linear Models ,Ischaemic heart disease ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Stress, Psychological - Abstract
Chronic psychological stress, the metabolic syndrome (MS) and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) seem closely connected. In this study, we evaluate the association between chronic stress and elements of MS in patients with stable IHD.Cross-sectional cohort study.Three hundred and fifty patients with stable IHD were included. Chronic stress was evaluated by the two questionnaires, Major Depression Inventory (MDI) and the psychological wellbeing index WHO-5, as well as by Pressure Pain Sensitivity (PPS), a physiological measure of hyperalgesia at the sternum known to be associated to elements of the chronic stress syndrome. Elements of MS were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, body weight, HOMA-IR and blood lipids.Depressive symptoms were associated with a high percentage of body fat (β = 0.179, p = .001), and high level of triglycerides (β = 0.150, p = .007). Low psychological wellbeing was associated with a high percentage of body fat (β = -0.165, p = .002) and low level of HDL cholesterol (β = 0.128, p = .024). Chronic stress measured by PPS was associated with a high percentage body fat (β = 0.327, p .001), low body weight (β = -0.218, p .001) and low HDL-cholesterol (β = -0.137, p = .013). Adjusting for several life style factors did not change these results.In patients with stable IHD, different measures of chronic psychological stress seem associated with a high percentage of body fat and adverse blood lipids independent of several lifestyle factors.
- Published
- 2017
67. MYPLAN -mobile phone application to manage crisis of persons at risk of suicide: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
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Barbara Stanley, Niels Buus, Hanne Frandsen, Annette Erlangsen, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Per Bech, Ad J. F. M. Kerkhof, Kate Andreasson, APH - Mental Health, and Clinical Psychology
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Risk ,020205 medical informatics ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Poison control ,02 engineering and technology ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,law.invention ,Suicidal Ideation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Study Protocol ,Suicide ideation ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,Clinical Protocols ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,law ,Injury prevention ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Suicide/prevention & control ,Suicidal ideation ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Safety plan ,business.industry ,Human factors and ergonomics ,SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities ,medicine.disease ,Mobile Applications ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychotherapy ,Research Design ,Suicide behavior ,Medical emergency ,medicine.symptom ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,Psychosocial ,RCT - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Persons with a past episode of self-harm or severe suicidal ideation are at elevated risk of self-harm as well as dying by suicide. It is well established that suicidal ideation fluctuates over time. Previous studies have shown that a personal safety plan can assist in providing support, when a person experiences suicide ideation, and help seeking professional assistance if needed. The aim of the trial is to determine whether a newly developed safety mobile app is more effective in reducing suicide ideation and other symptoms, compared to a safety plan on paper.METHODS/DESIGN: The trial is designed as a two-arm, observer-blinded, parallel-group randomized clinical superiority trial, where participants will either receive: (1) Experimental intervention: the safety plan provided as the app MyPlan, or (2) Treatment as Usual: the safety plan in the original paper format. Based on a power calculation, a total of 546 participants, 273 in each arm will be included. They will be recruited from Danish Suicide Prevention Clinics. Both groups will receive standard psychosocial therapeutic care, up to 8-10 sessions of supportive psychotherapy. Primary outcome will be reduction in suicide ideation after 12 months. Follow-up interviews will be conducted at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after date of inclusion.DISCUSSION: A safety plan is a mandatory part of the treatment in the Suicide Prevention Clinics in Demark. There are no studies investigating the effectiveness of a safety plan app compared to a safety plan on paper on reducing suicide ideation in patients with suicide ideation and suicidal behavior. The trial will gain new knowledge of whether modern technology can augment the effects of traditional personalized safety planning.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02877316 . Registered on 19 August 2016.
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- 2017
68. Association Between Spousal Suicide and Mental, Physical, and Social Health Outcomes: A Longitudinal and Nationwide Register-Based Study
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Holly C. Wilcox, Julie Lyng Forman, Yeates Conwell, Annette Erlangsen, Bo S. Runeson, James M. Bolton, M. Katherine Shear, Jesper Krogh, and Merete Nordentoft
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Denmark ,Health Status ,Population ,Poison control ,Rate ratio ,Suicide prevention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social determinants of health ,Registries ,Mortality ,Psychiatry ,education ,Spouses ,Original Investigation ,Aged ,education.field_of_study ,Mental Disorders ,Middle Aged ,Patient Acceptance of Health Care ,Mental health ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Suicide ,Anxiety ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Bereavement ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Importance Bereavement after spousal suicide has been linked to mental disorders; however, a comprehensive assessment of the effect of spousal suicide is needed. Objective To determine whether bereavement after spousal suicide was linked to an excessive risk of mental, physical, and social health outcomes when compared with the general population and spouses bereaved by other manners. Design, Setting, and Participants This nationwide, register-based cohort study conducted in Denmark of 6.7 million individuals aged 18 years and older from 1980 to 2014 covered more than 136 million person-years and compared people bereaved by spousal suicide with the general population and people bereaved by other manners of death. Incidence rate ratios were calculated using Poisson regressions while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and the presence of mental and physical disorders. Main Outcomes and Measures Mental disorders (any disorder, mood, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, alcohol use disorders, drug use disorders, and self-harm); physical disorders (cancers, diabetes, sleep disorder, cardiovascular diseases, chronic lower respiratory tract diseases, liver cirrhosis, and spinal disc herniation); causes of mortality (all-cause, natural, unintentional, suicide, and homicide); social health outcomes; and health care use. Results The total study population included 3 491 939 men, 4814 of whom were bereaved by spousal suicide, and 3 514 959 women, 10 793 of whom were bereaved by spousal suicide. Spouses bereaved by a partner’s suicide had higher risks of developing mental disorders within 5 years of the loss (men: incidence rate ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.6-2.0; women: incidence rate ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.6-1.8) than the general population. Elevated risks for developing physical disorders, such as cirrhosis and sleep disorders, were also noted as well as the use of more municipal support, sick leave benefits, and disability pension funds than the general population. Compared with spouses bereaved by other manners of death, those bereaved by suicide had higher risks for developing mental disorders (men: incidence rate ratio, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.5-1.9; women: incidence rate ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.9-2.2), suicidal behaviors, mortality, and municipal support. Additionally, a higher level of mental health care use was noted. Conclusions and Relevance Exposure to suicide is stressful and affects the bereaved spouse on a broad range of outcomes. The excess risks of mental, physical, and social health outcomes highlight a need for more support directed toward spouses bereaved by suicide.
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- 2017
69. Expression Patterns and Correlations with Metabolic Markers of Zinc Transporters ZIP14 and ZNT1 in Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
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Trine Maxel, Pernille Fog Svendsen, Steen Bønlykke Pedersen, Jørgen Rungby, Jesper Krogh Lauridsen, Agnete Larsen, Birgitte Brock, and Kamille Smidt
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0301 basic medicine ,obesity ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ,endocrine system diseases ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Adipose tissue ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ,03 medical and health sciences ,Endocrinology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,Journal Article ,medicine ,Retinol binding protein 4 ,Slc39a ,biology ,ZNT1 ,zinc ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,medicine.disease ,Polycystic ovary ,Insulin receptor ,030104 developmental biology ,polycystic ovary syndrome ,biology.protein ,Slc30a ,Metabolic syndrome ,GLUT4 ,ZIP14 - Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with infertility, increased androgen levels and insulin resistance. In adipose tissue, zinc facilitates insulin signaling. Circulating zinc levels are altered in obesity, diabetes, and PCOS, and zinc supplementation can ameliorate metabolic disturbances in PCOS. In adipose tissue, expression of zinc influx transporter ZIP14 varies with body mass index (BMI), clinical markers of metabolic syndrome, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). In this study, we investigated expression levels of ZIP14 and PPARG in subcutaneous adipose tissue of 36 PCOS women (17 lean and 19 obese women) compared with 23 healthy controls (7 lean and 16 obese women). Further, expression levels of zinc transporter ZIP9, a recently identified androgen receptor, and zinc efflux transporter ZNT1 were investigated, alongside lipid profile and markers of glucose metabolism (insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)). We find that ZIP14 expression is reduced in obesity and positively correlates with PPARG expression, which is down-regulated with increasing BMI. ZNT1 is up-regulated in obesity, and both ZIP14 and ZNT1 expression significantly correlates with clinical markers of altered glucose metabolism. In addition, RBP4 and GLUT4 associate with obesity, but an association with PCOS as such was present only for PPARG and RBP4. ZIP14 and ZNT1 does not relate to clinical androgen status and ZIP9 is unaffected by all parameters investigated. In conclusion: our findings support the existence of a zinc dyshomeostasis in adipose tissue in metabolic disturbances- including PCOS-related obesity.
- Published
- 2017
70. Exercise for patients with major depression:A systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
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Carsten Hjorthøj, Helene Speyer, Christian Gluud, Jesper Krogh, and Merete Nordentoft
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Poison control ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life ,Bias ,Evidence Based Medicine ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Adverse effect ,Psychiatry ,Exercise ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,business.industry ,Research ,General Medicine ,Clinical trial ,Meta-analysis ,Systematic review ,Mental Health ,Randomised Clinical Trials ,Physical therapy ,Systematic Review ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
ObjectivesTo assess the benefits and harms of exercise in patients with depression.DesignSystematic reviewData sourcesBibliographical databases were searched until 20 June 2017.Eligibility criteria and outcomesEligible trials were randomised clinical trials assessing the effect of exercise in participants diagnosed with depression. Primary outcomes were depression severity, lack of remission and serious adverse events (eg, suicide) assessed at the end of the intervention. Secondary outcomes were quality of life and adverse events such as injuries, as well as assessment of depression severity and lack of remission during follow-up after the intervention.ResultsThirty-five trials enrolling 2498 participants were included. The effect of exercise versus control on depression severity was −0.66 standardised mean difference (SMD) (95% CI −0.86 to −0.46; pConclusionsTrials with less risk of bias suggested no antidepressant effects of exercise and there were no significant effects of exercise on quality of life, depression severity or lack of remission during follow-up. Data for serious adverse events and adverse events were scarce not allowing conclusions for these outcomes.Systematic review registrationThe protocol was published in the journalSystematic Reviews: 2015; 4:40.
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- 2017
71. Hyperprolactinemia and the association with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality
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Christian Selmer, Caroline Kistorp, Jesper Krogh, Christian Torp-Pedersen, and Gunnar Gislason
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pituitary disease ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Clinical Biochemistry ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Rate ratio ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Journal Article ,Humans ,Young adult ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Confounding ,Retrospective cohort study ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Hyperprolactinemia ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
Hyperprolactinemia has been suspected to increase mortality risk, but the available data are conflicting. The objective of this study was to estimate the association between hyperprolactinemia and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients referred for assessment of prolactin. For this study, adults with no prio pituitary disease who underwent prolactin assessment at 3 university Hospitals in Denmark between 2001 and 2011 were included in a retrospective cohort study. A total of 3 633 patients with a median follow-up time of 5.3 years (IQR 2.7–5.7) were included. Mean (SD) age 39.7 (15.5) years and 78% female. 373/3 633 (10.3%) had hyperprolactinemia and during follow-up 330/3 633 (9.1%) patients died of any cause, and 113/3 633 (3.1%) patients died of cardiovascular causes. In males, hyperprolactinemia was associated with age-adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 1.86 for all-cause mortality (95% CI 1.22–2.82) and 2.55 (95% CI 1.43–4.55) for cardiovascular mortality. The IRR for all-cause mortality was reduced to 1.37 (0.90–2.08) when adjusted for the use of antipsychotic medication. The association between hyperprolactinemia and cardiovascular mortality remained after adjusting for confounders, for example, chronic renal failure, diabetes, and antipsychotic medication. In females, hyperprolactinemia was not associated with all-cause mortality (IRR 1.45; CI 0.86–2.47) or cardiovascular mortality (IRR 0.58; CI 0.14–2.39). In conclusion, hyperprolactinemia was associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in male patients. This association was not found in female patients. Focus on increased cardiovascular risk in males with hyperprolactinemia is warranted.
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- 2017
72. Metabolic profile at first-time schizophrenia diagnosis:a population-based cross-sectional study
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Christiane Gasse, Ole Köhler-Forsberg, Michael E. Benros, Jesper Krogh, and Henriette Thisted Horsdal
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment ,Cross-sectional study ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,Logistic regression ,lipids ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Journal Article ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Medical prescription ,glucose ,Antipsychotic ,education ,Original Research ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,3. Good health ,schizophrenia ,Schizophrenia ,epidemiology ,business ,metabolism ,Metabolic profile - Abstract
Henriette Thisted Horsdal,1,2 Michael Eriksen Benros,2,3 Ole Köhler-Forsberg,2–4 Jesper Krogh,3 Christiane Gasse1,2,5 1National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 2The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, 3Faculty of Health Sciences, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 4Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, 5Centre for Integrated Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Objective: Schizophrenia and/or antipsychotic drug use are associated with metabolic abnormalities; however, knowledge regarding metabolic status and physician’s monitoring of metabolic status at first schizophrenia diagnosis is sparse. We assessed the prevalence of monitoring for metabolic blood abnormalities and characterized the metabolic profiles in people with a first-time schizophrenia diagnosis. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study including all adults born in Denmark after January 1, 1955, with their first schizophrenia diagnosis between 2000 and 2012 in the Central Denmark Region. Information on metabolic parameters was obtained from a clinical laboratory information system. Associations were calculated using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, chi-square tests, logistic regression, and Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Results: A total of 2,452 people with a first-time schizophrenia diagnosis were identified, of whom 1,040 (42.4%) were monitored for metabolic abnormalities. Among those monitored, 58.4% had an abnormal lipid profile and 13.8% had an abnormal glucose profile. People who had previously filled prescription(s) for antipsychotic drugs were more likely to present an abnormal lipid measure (65.7% vs 46.8%, P
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- 2017
73. Predictors of adherence to exercise interventions in patients with clinical depression – A pooled analysis from two clinical trials
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Yousif Subhi, Anne Kathrine Lorentzen, Jesper Krogh, and Merete Nordentoft
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Attendance ,Psychological intervention ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Clinical trial ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Diabetes mellitus ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Applied Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) - Abstract
Background Physical activity is inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and all-cause mortality. Patients with depression are less likely to be physically active, and thus more prone to developing these diseases. The aim of this study was to identify patient and study characteristics associated with adherence to exercise interventions. Method We pooled data from patients allocated to active exercise interventions from two previously conducted exercise trials ( n = 166) offering two or three weekly sessions. We divided the patients into a high attendance or a low attendance group. We then compared patient characteristics, distance to training facilities, depression, anxiety, and satisfaction with the offered intervention between the two groups. Results High attendance was positively associated with age ( p = 0.05) and satisfaction with the intervention ( p p = 0.008) and improvement in depression ( p = 0.04). Median attendance did not differ between the two trials offering two or three sessions per week ( p = 0.44). Conclusion Severity of depression or anxiety in mild to moderate depression did not predict attendance, but high attendance was associated with higher age and satisfaction with the intervention. These findings suggest that motivational focus on younger participants should be encouraged and ways to improve satisfaction with the intervention should be considered.
- Published
- 2014
74. Measurement of urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid: correlation between spot versus 24-hour urine collection
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Matilde Calanchini, Michael Tadman, Jesper Krogh, Andrea Fabbri, Ashley Grossman, and Brian Shine
- Published
- 2016
75. Measurement of urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid: correlation between spot vs 24-h urine collection
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Brian Shine, Andrea Fabbri, Matilde Calanchini, Ashely Grossman, Michael Tadman, and Jesper Krogh
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Acetic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chromatography ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Urinary system ,Medicine ,business ,24 h urine - Published
- 2016
76. Systematic review and meta-analysis of cerebrospinal fluid markers of inflammation and infections in schizophrenia and affective disorders
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Sophie Brix, Ole Köhler-Forsberg, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Michael E. Benros, Daniel Kondziella, and Sonja Orlovska
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Meta-analysis ,Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming) ,medicine ,Inflammation ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Bioinformatics - Published
- 2018
77. T11. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION AND INFECTIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND AFFECTIVE DISORDERS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
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Sophie Brix, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Daniel Kondziella, Sonja Orlovska, Ole Köhler-Forsberg, and Michael E. Benros
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Poster Session I ,business.industry ,Inflammation ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Abstracts ,Immune system ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Strictly standardized mean difference ,Schizophrenia ,Meta-analysis ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,CSF albumin - Abstract
Background Infections and inflammatory processes have been associated with the development of schizophrenia and affective disorders; however, no study has yet synthesized all the available data on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune-alterations. We conducted the first systematic review of the immunological findings from CSF studies among patients with schizophrenia or affective disorders. Methods All studies investigating CSF inflammatory markers in persons with schizophrenia or affective disorders published prior to March 23, 2017 were identified searching PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Psychinfo, and LILACS. The literature search, data extraction and assessment of risk of bias were performed by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses with standardized mean difference (SMD) including 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed on studies including healthy controls. Results We identified 112 CSF studies published between 1942–2016, of which 32 were included in meta-analyses; however, only few studies investigated identical biomarkers. The CSF/serum albumin ratio was increased in both schizophrenia (54 patients; SMD=0.62; 95%CI=0.24–1.00) and affective disorders (302 patients; SMD=0.43; 95%CI=0.25–0.61, I2=0%), compared to healthy controls. Total CSF protein was elevated in both schizophrenia (97 patients; SMD=0.38; 95%CI=0.12–0.65, I2=0%) and affective disorders (53 patients; SMD=0.77; 95%CI=0.36–1.18, I2=0%). The IgG ratio was increased in schizophrenia (54 patients; SMD=0.60; 95%CI=0.23–0.98), whereas the IgG Albumin ratio was decreased (32 patients; SMD= -0.62; 95%CI= -1.13 to -0.12). Interleukin-8 (IL-8) (95 patients; SMD=0.46; 95%CI=0.17–0.75, I2=0%) and IL-6 levels (230 patients; SMD=0.38; 95%CI=0.02–0.74; I2=64%) were increased among individuals with schizophrenia but not significantly increased in affective disorders. None of the remaining inflammatory markers were significantly different compared to healthy controls in the meta-analyses. However, in the studies which did not include healthy controls, CSF abnormalities were more common, and CSF dependent re-diagnosis occurred in 3.2–6% in the two studies investigating this. Discussion Our findings suggests that schizophrenia spectrum and affective disorders are associated with CSF abnormalities including signs of blood-brain barrier impairment and inflammation, supporting a role of the immune system in mental disorders. However, only few studies investigated the same parameters with healthy controls and high quality longitudinal CSF studies are lacking, including impact of psychotropic medications and potential benefits of anti-inflammatory treatment in subgroups with abnormal CSF inflammatory markers
- Published
- 2018
78. Copeptin during rest and exercise in major depression
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Caroline Kistorp, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Jens Peter Gøtze, Martin Balslev Jørgensen, and Lars Østergaard Kristensen
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Adult ,Male ,Vasopressin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Hydrocortisone ,Rest ,education ,Adrenocorticotropic hormone ,Young Adult ,Copeptin ,Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Aerobic exercise ,Medicine ,Exercise ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,business.industry ,Confounding ,Glycopeptides ,Plasma levels ,Middle Aged ,Plasma osmolality ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Endocrinology ,Female ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
Background High vasopressin levels and a correlation between vasopressin and cortisol has been observed in patients with depression. The aim was to assess copeptin, the c-terminal of provasopressin, and the association between cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and copeptin in patients with depression. Secondly, to examine the copeptin response to acute exercise and aerobic training. Methods Copeptin, ACTH, and cortisol were measured in 111 patients with depression and 57 controls at rest. Copeptin was also measured during exercise. The depressed patients were subsequently randomized to an aerobic training intervention or an exercise control intervention. Results The plasma level of copeptin in depressed subjects was 5.14 pg/ml (IQR 3.4–8.4) and 4.82 pg/ml (IQR 2.8–7.5) in healthy controls ( p =.66). The association between copeptin and cortisol was.02 (95% CI –.44 to.48; p =.93) and the association between copeptin and ACTH was –.06 (95% CI –.17 to.05; p =.27). All associations were independent of depression status ( p =.15). Aerobic exercise training did not influence copeptin levels at rest ( p =.09) or the response to acute exercise ( p =.574). Copeptin decreased at rest in response to aerobic training in participants with high compliance to the exercise intervention ( p =.04). Limitations We did not measure plasma osmolality, which is a possible confounder in this study. Conclusions Copeptin levels are not elevated or associated to ACTH or cortisol in depressed patients. Aerobic exercise training decreased copeptin levels in high attenders only. This study does not support a role of copeptin or vasopressin in depression.
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- 2013
79. Systemic oxidatively generated DNA/RNA damage in clinical depression: Associations to symptom severity and response to electroconvulsive therapy
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Anders Jørgensen, Martin Balslev Jørgensen, Kamilla W. Miskowiak, Allan Weimann, Anders Fink-Jensen, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Lars Vedel Kessing, T. G. Bolwig, Trine Henriksen, and Henrik E. Poulsen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,DNA damage ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Type 2 diabetes ,medicine.disease_cause ,Gastroenterology ,Excretion ,Electroconvulsive therapy ,Internal medicine ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,Dementia ,Electroconvulsive Therapy ,Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Deoxyguanosine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Oxidative Stress ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine ,RNA ,Antidepressant ,Female ,Psychology ,Biomarkers ,Oxidative stress ,DNA Damage - Abstract
Background: Depression has been associated with increased oxidative stress and hypothesized to accelerate aging. Nucleic acid damage from oxidation is a critical part of the aging process, and a suggested early event in age-related somatic morbidities that are also prevalent in depression, such as dementia and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that increased severity of depression is associated with increased systemic oxidatively generated DNA and RNA damage, and that this increase is attenuated by an effective antidepressant treatment. Methods: The urinary excretion of markers of systemic oxidatively generated DNA and RNA damage, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo), respectively, were determined in healthy controls (N ¼ 28), moderately depressed, non-medicated patients (N ¼ 26) and severely depressed patients eligible for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (N¼ 29). In the severely depressed patient group, samples were also obtained 1 week after the completion of ECT. Results: Systemic RNA damage from oxidation, as measured by 8-oxoGuo excretion, was higher with increasing severity of depression (controlsomoderately depressedo severely depressed) (P for trend ¼ 0.004). The 8-oxoGuo excretion was further increased after clinically effective ECT compared with pre-ECT values (P¼0.006). There were no differences in 8-oxodG excretion between the groups or pre- vs. post-ECT. Limitations: Small sample size and the inclusion of both unipolar and bipolar patients in the severely depressed group. Conclusions: Severe depression is associated with increased systemic oxidatively generated RNA damage, which may be an additional factor underlying the somatic morbidity and neurodegenerative features associated with depression. Due to the lack of normalization by clinically effective ECT, the phenomenon does not appear to be causally linked to the depressive state per se.
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- 2013
80. Expression Patterns and Correlations with Metabolic Markers of Zinc Transporters
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Trine, Maxel, Pernille Fog, Svendsen, Kamille, Smidt, Jesper Krogh, Lauridsen, Birgitte, Brock, Steen Bønlykke, Pedersen, Jørgen, Rungby, and Agnete, Larsen
- Subjects
obesity ,Endocrinology ,endocrine system diseases ,Slc39a ,polycystic ovary syndrome ,ZNT1 ,zinc ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Slc30a ,Original Research ,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ,ZIP14 - Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with infertility, increased androgen levels, and insulin resistance. In adipose tissue, zinc facilitates insulin signaling. Circulating zinc levels are altered in obesity, diabetes, and PCOS; and zinc supplementation can ameliorate metabolic disturbances in PCOS. In adipose tissue, expression of zinc influx transporter ZIP14 varies with body mass index (BMI), clinical markers of metabolic syndrome, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG). In this study, we investigated expression levels of ZIP14 and PPARG in subcutaneous adipose tissue of 36 PCOS women (17 lean and 19 obese women) compared with 23 healthy controls (7 lean and 16 obese women). Further, expression levels of zinc transporter ZIP9, a recently identified androgen receptor, and zinc efflux transporter ZNT1 were investigated, alongside lipid profile and markers of glucose metabolism [insulin degrading enzyme, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4)]. We find that ZIP14 expression is reduced in obesity and positively correlates with PPARG expression, which is downregulated with increasing BMI. ZNT1 is upregulated in obesity, and both ZIP14 and ZNT1 expression significantly correlates with clinical markers of altered glucose metabolism. In addition, RBP4 and GLUT4 associate with obesity, but an association with PCOS as such was present only for PPARG and RBP4. ZIP14 and ZNT1 does not relate to clinical androgen status and ZIP9 is unaffected by all parameters investigated. In conclusion, our findings support the existence of a zinc dyshomeostasis in adipose tissue in metabolic disturbances including PCOS-related obesity.
- Published
- 2016
81. The CHANGE trial:no superiority of lifestyle coaching plus care coordination plus treatment as usual compared to treatment as usual alone in reducing risk of cardiovascular disease in adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and abdominal obesity
- Author
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Carsten Hjorthøj, Mette Karlsen, Helene Speyer, Kamilla Pedersen, Ole Mors, Merete Birk, Charlotta Pisinger, Christian Gluud, Ane Storch Jakobsen, Hans Christian Brix Nørgaard, Jesper Krogh, and Merete Nordentoft
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Population ,Research Reports ,Cardiorespiratory fitness ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Coaching ,030227 psychiatry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,0302 clinical medicine ,Schizophrenia ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Life expectancy ,Journal Article ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,medicine.symptom ,Psychiatry ,business ,education ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Abdominal obesity - Abstract
Life expectancy in patients with schizophrenia is reduced by 20 years for men and 15 years for women compared to the general population. About 60% of the excess mortality is due to physical illnesses, with cardiovascular disease being dominant. CHANGE was a randomized, parallel-group, superiority, multi-centre trial with blinded outcome assessment, testing the efficacy of an intervention aimed to improve cardiovascular risk profile and hereby potentially reduce mortality. A total of 428 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and abdominal obesity were recruited and centrally randomized 1:1:1 to 12 months of lifestyle coaching plus care coordination plus treatment as usual (N=138), or care coordination plus treatment as usual (N=142), or treatment as usual alone (N=148). The primary outcome was 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease assessed post-treatment and standardized to age 60. At follow-up, the mean 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease was 8.4 ± 6.7% in the group receiving lifestyle coaching, 8.5 ± 7.5% in the care coordination group, and 8.0 ± 6.5% in the treatment as usual group (p=0.41). We found no intervention effects for any secondary or exploratory outcomes, including cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, weight, diet and smoking. In conclusion, the CHANGE trial did not support superiority of individual lifestyle coaching or care coordination compared to treatment as usual in reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and abdominal obesity.
- Published
- 2016
82. Dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors or glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogues for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Bianca Hemmingsen, Jesper Krogh, Maria-Inti Metzendorf, and Bernd Richter
- Subjects
03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology - Published
- 2016
83. Sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Author
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Bianca Hemmingsen, Jesper Krogh, Maria-Inti Metzendorf, and Bernd Richter
- Published
- 2016
84. Contributors
- Author
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Lori J.P. Altmann, Soichi Ando, Michel Audiffren, Anne-Claude V. Bédard, Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan, Olga G. Berwid, Dawn Bowers, Henning Budde, Eduardo E. Bustamante, Yu-Kai Chang, Jo Corbett, Flávia Gomes de Melo Coelho, Catherine L. Davis, Jennifer L. Etnier, Sebastião Gobbi, Ben Godde, John Gunstad, Madeleine E. Hackney, Beverley J. Hale, G.F. Hamilton, Chris J. Hass, Keita Kamijo, Flora Koutsandréou, Cynthia E. Krafft, Jesper Krogh, Michael J. Mackenzie, Edward McAuley, Jennifer E. McDowell, Terry McMorris, Lindsay Miller, Claudia Niemann, Joe R. Nocera, Sarah C. O’Neill, Maria Pedersen, Caterina Pesce, Aaron T. Piepmeier, J.S. Rhodes, Ruth Ferreira Santos-Galduróz, David J. Schaeffer, Chia-Hao Shih, John Sproule, Anthony Turner, Thays Martins Vital, Claudia Voelcker-Rehage, Michelle W. Voss, Mirko Wegner, and Krystle E. Zuniga
- Published
- 2016
85. Cognition and HPA axis reactivity in mildly to moderately depressed outpatients. A case–control study
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Poul Videbech, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Martin Balslev Jørgensen, Anne Helene Garde, and Signe Groth Renvillard
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Adult ,Male ,Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ,Saliva ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hydrocortisone ,Pituitary-Adrenal System ,Dexamethasone ,Cognition ,Memory ,Outpatients ,Melancholia ,medicine ,Humans ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Psychiatry ,Reactivity (psychology) ,Glucocorticoids ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depression ,Case-control study ,stomatognathic diseases ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,sense organs ,medicine.symptom ,Cognition Disorders ,Psychology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Patients with depression display neurobiological changes of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis as well as cognitive disturbances.To assess any association between hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity and memory-related cognitive functions.Depressed outpatients (n = 83, ICD-10) were group-matched to healthy controls (n = 33), and tested on a number of cognitive domains. Salivary samples were collected at awakening, 30 min later and at 22:00 h. At 23:00 h, the participants ingested 1.0 mg of dexamethasone, and three saliva samples were collected the following day at the same times.Patients and controls did not differ on any memory-related cognitive skills. After dexamethasone the cortisol level was 1.7 nmol/l higher (95% CI 0.0-2.8, P = 0.05) in depressed patients compared with controls. In the control group, but not in the patients, a positive association between post-DST cortisol and Rey's Complex figure test (1.3; 95% CI 0.3-3.6; P = 0.02) was found. We found no significant associations between other memory functions and cortisol measures.Contrary to our hypothesis, we found a positive association between cortisol levels after dexamethasone and visuo-spatial memory primarily driven by the healthy controls. Otherwise, no association were found between HPA axis reactivity and memory-related cognitive function.
- Published
- 2012
86. The Effect of Exercise in Clinically Depressed Adults
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Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Jonathan A C Sterne, and Debbie A Lawlor
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Physical fitness ,Physical exercise ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Odds Ratio ,medicine ,Humans ,Exercise ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Depressive Disorder ,business.industry ,Remission Induction ,Odds ratio ,Exercise Therapy ,Clinical trial ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Treatment Outcome ,Systematic review ,Strictly standardized mean difference ,Meta-analysis ,Physical therapy ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Objective To assess the effectiveness of exercise in adults with clinical depression. Data sources The databases CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched (1806-2008) using medical subject headings (MeSH) and text word terms depression, depressive disorder and exercise, aerobic, non-aerobic, physical activity, physical fitness, walk*, jog*, run*, bicycling, swim*, strength, and resistance. Study selection Randomized trials including adults with clinical depression according to any diagnostic system were included. Data extraction Two investigators evaluated trials using a prepiloted structured form. Data synthesis Thirteen trials were identified that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Eight had adequate allocation concealment, 6 had a blinded outcome, and 5 used intention-to-treat analyses. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) calculated using a random-effects model was -0.40 (95% CI, -0.66 to -0.14), with evidence of heterogeneity between trials (I(2) = 57.2%, P = .005). There was an inverse association between duration of intervention and the magnitude of the association of exercise with depression (P = .002). No other characteristics were related to between-study heterogeneity. Pooled analysis of 5 trials with long-term follow-up (ie, that examined outcomes beyond the end of the intervention) suggested no long-term benefit (SMD, -0.01; 95% CI, -0.28 to 0.26), with no strong evidence of heterogeneity in this pooled analysis (I(2) = 23.4%, P = .27). There was no strong statistical evidence for small study bias (P > .27). Only 3 studies were assessed as high quality (adequately concealed random allocation, blinded outcome assessment, and intention-to-treat analysis). When we pooled results from these, the estimated beneficial effect of exercise was more modest (SMD, -0.19; 95% CI, -0.70 to 0.31) than the pooled result for all 13 studies, with no strong evidence of benefit. Conclusions Our results suggest a short-term effect of exercise on depression: on average, depression scores 0.4 of a standard deviation lower in clinically depressed patients randomly assigned to an exercise intervention at the end of that intervention compared to those randomly assigned to a none exercise group. There is little evidence of a long-term beneficial effect of exercise in patients with clinical depression.
- Published
- 2010
87. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials investigating antidepressant treatment effects of anti-inflammatory agents
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Ole Mors, Cecilie N. Lydholm, Ole Köhler-Forsberg, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, and Michael E. Benros
- Subjects
Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.drug_class ,General Neuroscience ,Anti-inflammatory ,law.invention ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Meta-analysis ,Medicine ,Antidepressant ,Neurology (clinical) ,business - Published
- 2018
88. Growth hormone, prolactin and cortisol response to exercise in patients with depression
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Mahdi Mohammad-Nezhad, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, and Åsa Westrin
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hydrocortisone ,Strength training ,Denmark ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Physical exercise ,Relaxation Therapy ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Single-Blind Method ,Exercise physiology ,Pulse ,Exercise ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Human Growth Hormone ,Resistance Training ,Middle Aged ,Prolactin ,Oxygen ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Steroid hormone ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Endocrinology ,Exercise Test ,Female ,Psychology ,Glucocorticoid ,medicine.drug ,Hormone - Abstract
Background: A blunted growth hormone and prolactin response to pharmacological stress test have previously been found in depressed patients, as well as an increased cortisol response to psychosocial stress. This study investigated these hormones in response to acute exercise using an incremental bicycle test. Method: A cross-sectional comparison of cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin in depressed (n = 137) and healthy (n = 44) subjects during rest and in response to an incremental bicycle test. Secondly, we tested the depressed patients again after a 4-month randomized naturalistic exercise intervention. Results: Resting plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), cortisol, or prolactin (PRL) did not differ between depressed and healthy subjects (all p-values > .12). In response to an incremental bicycle test the GH (p = .02) and cortisol (p = .05) response in depressed was different compared to healthy controls. The effect of acute exercise stress on PRL (p = .56) did not differ between depressed and healthy subjects. Apart from a decrease in CH response in the strength-training group (p = .03) the pragmatic exercise intervention did not affect resting hormonal levels, or the response to acute exercise. Conclusions: Patients with mild to moderate depression had a different growth hormone and cortisol response to acute exercise stress compared to healthy controls. Strength training was able to reduce the growth hormone response to acute exercise stress in this patient population. Studies with more rigorous inclusion criteria and higher exercise frequencies are needed to evaluate and confirm the possible effect of exercise in depressed subjects. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2010
89. The DEMO Trial: A Randomized, Parallel-Group, Observer-Blinded Clinical Trial of Strength Versus Aerobic Versus Relaxation Training for Patients With Mild to Moderate Depression
- Author
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Bengt Saltin, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, and Christian Gluud
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Personality Inventory ,Psychometrics ,Strength training ,Denmark ,Physical fitness ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Relaxation Therapy ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Absenteeism ,Humans ,Medicine ,Single-Blind Method ,Exercise ,Depressive Disorder ,business.industry ,Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression ,VO2 max ,Resistance Training ,Middle Aged ,Clinical trial ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Physical Fitness ,Secondary Outcome Measure ,Female ,business ,Follow-Up Studies ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Objective To assess the benefit and harm of exercise training in adults with clinical depression. Method The DEMO trial is a randomized pragmatic trial for patients with unipolar depression conducted from January 2005 through July 2007. Patients were referred from general practitioners or psychiatrists and were eligible if they fulfilled the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, criteria for unipolar depression and were aged between 18 and 55 years. Patients (N = 165) were allocated to supervised strength, aerobic, or relaxation training during a 4-month period. The primary outcome measure was the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D(17)), the secondary outcome measure was the percentage of days absent from work during the last 10 working days, and the tertiary outcome measure was effect on cognitive abilities. Results At 4 months, the strength measured by 1 repetition maximum for chest press increased by a mean (95% CI) of 4.0 kg (0.8 to 7.2; p = .014) in the strength training group versus the relaxation group, and maximal oxygen uptake increased by 2.7 mL/kg/min (1.2 to 4.3; p = .001) in the aerobic group versus the relaxation group. At 4 months, the mean change in HAM-D(17) score was -1.3 (-3.7 to 1.2; p = .3) and 0.4 (-2.0 to 2.9; p = .3) for the strength and aerobic groups versus the relaxation group. At 12 months, the mean differences in HAM-D(17) score were -0.2 (-2.7 to 2.3; p = .8) and 0.6 (-1.9 to 3.1; p = .6) for the strength and aerobic groups versus the relaxation group. At 12 months, the mean differences in absence from work were -12.1% (-21.1% to -3.1%; p = .009) and -2.7% (-11.7% to 6.2%; p = .5) for the strength and aerobic groups versus the relaxation group. No statistically significant effect on cognitive abilities was found. Conclusion Our findings do not support a biologically mediated effect of exercise on symptom severity in depressed patients, but they do support a beneficial effect of strength training on work capacity. Trial registration (ClinicalTrials.gov) Identifier: NCT00103415.
- Published
- 2009
90. Expression Patterns and Correlations with Metabolic Markers of Zinc Transporters ZIP14 and ZNT1 in Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
- Author
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Maxel, Trine, primary, Svendsen, Pernille Fog, additional, Smidt, Kamille, additional, Lauridsen, Jesper Krogh, additional, Brock, Birgitte, additional, Pedersen, Steen Bønlykke, additional, Rungby, Jørgen, additional, and Larsen, Agnete, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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91. Inflammation in Depression and the Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment
- Author
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Jesper Krogh, Ole Köhler, Ole Mors, and Michael E. Benros
- Subjects
Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Inflammation ,Pharmacology ,Placebo ,Bioinformatics ,anti-inflammatory treatment ,Article ,statins ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depressive Disorder ,celecoxib ,business.industry ,Modafinil ,Brain ,General Medicine ,Minocycline ,Antidepressants ,Antidepressive Agents ,030227 psychiatry ,Clinical trial ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neurology ,depression ,Antidepressant ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,cytokine-inhibitors ,Pioglitazone ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports an association between depression and inflammatory processes, a connection that seems to be bidirectional. Clinical trials have indicated antidepressant treatment effects for anti-inflammatory agents, both as add-on treatment and as monotherapy. In particular, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and cytokine-inhibitors have shown antidepressant treatment effects compared to placebo, but also statins, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, pioglitazone, minocycline, modafinil, and corticosteroids may yield antidepressant treatment effects. However, the complexity of the inflammatory cascade, limited clinical evidence, and the risk for side effects stress cautiousness before clinical application. Thus, despite proof-of-concept studies of anti-inflammatory treatment effects in depression, important challenges remain to be investigated. Within this paper, we review the association between inflammation and depression together with the current evidence on use of anti-inflammatory treatment in depression. Based on this, we address the questions and challenges that seem most important and relevant to future studies, such as timing, most effective treatment lengths and identification of subgroups of patients potentially responding better to different anti-inflammatory treatment regimens.
- Published
- 2015
92. Protocol for CHANGE:a randomized clinical trial assessing lifestyle coaching plus care coordination versus care coordination alone versus treatment as usual to reduce risks of cardiovascular disease in adults with schizophrenia and abdominal obesity
- Author
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Søren Drivsholm, Merete Nordentoft, Charlotta Pisinger, Carsten Hjorthøj, Helene Speyer, Hans Christian Brix Nørgaard, Thomas Axel Madsen, Jesper Krogh, Christian Gluud, and Ole Mors
- Subjects
Counseling ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Disease ,law.invention ,Study Protocol ,Clinical Protocols ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Humans ,Medicine ,education ,Life Style ,Abdominal obesity ,Cause of death ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Schizophrenia ,Obesity, Abdominal ,Physical therapy ,Life expectancy ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Background Life expectancy in patients with schizophrenia is reduced by 20 years for males and 15 years for females compared to the general population. About 60% of the excess mortality is due to physical illnesses, with cardiovascular disease being the single largest cause of death. Methods/design The CHANGE trial is an investigator-initiated, independently funded, randomized, parallel-group, superiority, multi-centre trial with blinded outcome assessment. 450 patients aged 18 years or above, diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and increased waist circumference, will be recruited and randomized 1:1:1 to 12-months interventions. We will compare the effects of 1) affiliation to the CHANGE team, offering a tailored, manual-based intervention targeting physical inactivity, unhealthy dietary habits, and smoking, and facilitating contact to their general practitioner to secure medical treatment of somatic comorbidity; versus 2) affiliation to a care coordinator who will secure guideline-concordant monitoring and treatment of somatic comorbidity by facilitating contact to their general practitioner; versus 3) treatment as usual to evaluate the potential add-on effects of lifestyle coaching plus care coordination or care coordination alone to treatment as usual. The primary outcome is the 10-year risks of cardiovascular disease assessed at 12 months after randomization. Discussion The premature mortality observed in this vulnerable population has not formerly been addressed specifically by using composite surrogate outcomes for mortality. The CHANGE trial expands the evidence for interventions aiming to reduce the burden of metabolic disturbances with a view to increase life expectancy. Here, we present the trial design, describe the methodological concepts in detail, and discuss the rationale and challenges of the intermediate outcomes. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov NCT01585493. Date of registration 27th of March 2012. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0465-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2015
93. DEPERROR: Risks of systematic errors in drug and non-drug randomized clinical trials assessing intervention effects in patients with unipolar depression
- Author
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Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Janus Christian Jakobsen, Carsten Hjorthøj, Lars Vedel Kessing, Jane Lindschou, and Christian Gluud
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Systematic error ,Drug ,Risk ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Blinding ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychological intervention ,Intervention effect ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,Bias ,law ,Internal medicine ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,media_common ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,business.industry ,Depression ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Research Design ,business - Abstract
Systematic errors in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) overestimate treatment effects. We systematically assessed the risks of bias in RCTs assessing the effects of drug and non-drug interventions for patients with unipolar depression.We searched bibliographic databases for drug and non-drug RCTs including patients with depression. We assessed the following risk of bias domains: sequence generation, allocation concealment, baseline imbalance, blinding, intention-to-treat analysis, selective outcome reporting, and funding. Risks of bias were compared for drug and non-drug trials and according to year of publication (before 1990; from 1990 to 1999; and 2000 to 2010).Comparing drug trials (N=775) to non-drug trials (N=73), the proportion of drug trials with low risk of bias seemed superior regarding blinding of participants (p0.001), blinding of health-care providers (p0.001), and blinded outcome assessment (p0.001). Non-drug trials were superior regarding sequence generation (p0.001), allocation concealment (p=0.002), intention-to-treat analysis (p0.001), and baseline imbalance (p=0.006). Adequate blinding of data managers (p=0.45), blinding of statisticians (p=0.69), and selective outcome reporting (p=0.55) did not differ. 41.5% of drug trials were funded by for-profit organizations compared to 12.3% of non-drug trials (p0.001). In drug trials, the risk of bias decreased significantly over time. This did not reach statistical significance in non-drug trials.This study only included trials published before 2010.Included trials were associated with high risks of bias which may distort effect estimates. The risks of bias decreased with time for drug trials.
- Published
- 2014
94. Effect of Anti-inflammatory Treatment on Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Adverse Effects:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
- Author
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Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Ole Köhler, Michael E. Benros, Michael E. Farkouh, Rupa L Iyengar, and Ole Mors
- Subjects
Inflammation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Depression ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Antidepressants ,Pharmacology ,Placebo ,law.invention ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Meta-analysis ,medicine ,Celecoxib ,Antidepressant ,Humans ,Adverse effect ,business ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depressive symptoms ,medicine.drug ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
Importance: Several studies have reported antidepressant effects of anti-inflammatory treatment; however, the results have been conflicting and detrimental adverse effects may contraindicate the use of anti-inflammatory agents.Objective: To systematically review the antidepressant and possible adverse effects of anti-inflammatory interventions.Data Sources: Trials published prior to December, 31, 2013, were identified searching Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Clinicaltrials.gov, and relevant review articles.Study Selection: Randomized placebo-controlled trials assessing the efficacy and adverse effects of pharmacologic anti-inflammatory treatment in adults with depressive symptoms, including those who fulfilled the criteria for depression.Data Extraction and Synthesis: Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. Pooled standard mean difference (SMD) and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated.Main Outcomes and Measures: Depression scores after treatment and adverse effects.Results: Ten publications reporting on 14 trials (6262 participants) were included: 10 trials evaluated the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (n = 4258) and 4 investigated cytokine inhibitors (n = 2004). The pooled effect estimate suggested that anti-inflammatory treatment reduced depressive symptoms (SMD, -0.34; 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.11; I2 = 90%) compared with placebo. This effect was observed in studies including patients with depression (SMD, -0.54; 95% CI, -1.08 to -0.01; I2 = 68%) and depressive symptoms (SMD, -0.27; 95% CI, -0.53 to -0.01; I2 = 68%). The heterogeneity of the studies was not explained by differences in inclusion of clinical depression vs depressive symptoms or use of NSAIDs vs cytokine inhibitors. Subanalyses emphasized the antidepressant properties of the selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor celecoxib (SMD, -0.29; 95% CI, -0.49 to -0.08; I2 = 73%) on remission (OR, 7.89; 95% CI, 2.94 to 21.17; I2 = 0%) and response (OR, 6.59; 95% CI, 2.24 to 19.42; I2 = 0%). Among the 6 studies reporting on adverse effects, we found no evidence of an increased number of gastrointestinal or cardiovascular events after 6 weeks or infections after 12 weeks of anti-inflammatory treatment compared with placebo. All trials were associated with a high risk of bias owing to potentially compromised internal validity.Conclusions and Relevance: Our analysis suggests that anti-inflammatory treatment, in particular celecoxib, decreases depressive symptoms without increased risks of adverse effects. However, a high risk of bias and high heterogeneity made the mean estimate uncertain. This study supports a proof-of-concept concerning the use of anti-inflammatory treatment in depression. Identification of subgroups that could benefit from such treatment might be warranted.
- Published
- 2014
95. The effect of exercise on hippocampal volume and neurotrophines in patients with major depression--a randomized clinical trial
- Author
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Betina Elfving, Egill Rostrup, Carsten Thomsen, Poul Videbech, Jesper Krogh, and Merete Nordentoft
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Hippocampus ,law.invention ,Insulin-like growth factor ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Young Adult ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Memory ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Aerobic exercise ,Hippocampus (mythology) ,Humans ,Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ,Psychiatry ,Exercise ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Brain-derived neurotrophic factor ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ,VO2 max ,Middle Aged ,Vascular endothelial growth factor ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Female ,Psychology - Abstract
Background The hippocampal volume is reduced in patients with major depression. Exercise leads to an increased hippocampal volume in schizophrenia and in healthy old adults. The effect of exercise on hippocampal volume is potentially mediated by brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The aim of this trial was to assess the effect of an aerobic exercise intervention on hippocampal volume and serum BDNF, VEGF, and IGF-1 in patients with major depression. Methods Patients were randomized to an aerobic exercise intervention ( n =41) or a control condition ( n =38). Both interventions consisted of three supervised sessions per week during a three months period. Results Post-intervention the increase in maximal oxygen uptake was 3.90 ml/kg/min (SD 5.1) in the aerobic exercise group and 0.95 ml/kg/min (SD 6.2) in the control group ( p =0.03). The hippocampal volume, BDNF, VEGF, or IGF-1 did not differ between the two groups. Post-hoc we found a positive association between change in hippocampal volume and verbal memory (Rho=0.27; p =0.05) and change in hippocampal volume and depressive symptoms (Rho=0.30; p =0.03). Limitations Participation was low in both groups corresponding to an average participation of one session per week. Conclusion Despite a significant increase in maximal oxygen uptake, a pragmatic exercise intervention did not increase hippocampal volume or resting levels of neurotrophines in out-patients with mild to moderate major depression. Trial identifier: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00695552)
- Published
- 2014
96. Efficacy of transdiagnostic cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published outcome studies
- Author
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Jesper Krogh and Nina Reinholt
- Subjects
Psychotherapist ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,Outcome (game theory) ,Anxiety Disorders ,Cognitive behaviour therapy ,Clinical Psychology ,Treatment Outcome ,Meta-analysis ,medicine ,Anxiety ,Humans ,Treatment Effectiveness Evaluation ,Treatment effect ,Cognitive behaviour ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Transdiagnostic approaches to cognitive behaviour therapy (TCBT) of anxiety disorders have drawn increasing interest and empirical testing over the past decade. In this paper, we review evidence of the overall efficacy of TCBT for anxiety disorders, as well as TCBT efficacy compared with wait-list, treatment-as-usual, and diagnosis-specific cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) controls. A total of 11 studies reporting 12 trials (n = 1933) were included in the systematic review. Results from the meta-analysis of 11 trials suggest that TCBT was generally associated with positive outcome; TCBT patients did better than wait-list and treatment-as-usual patients, and treatment gains were maintained through follow-up. The pooled estimate showed a moderate treatment effect, however with large heterogeneity suggesting differences in treatment effects between the studies. Also, all the included trials, apart from one, were judged to be associated with a high risk of bias. Only one study compared TCBT with diagnosis-specific CBT suggesting treatment effect of TCBT to be as strong as diagnosis-specific CBT. This study not only cautiously supports evidence for the efficacy of TCBT, but also suggests the need for more high-quality, large-scaled studies in this area. Transdiagnostic treatments offer great clinical promise as an affordable and pragmatic treatment for anxiety disorders and as a specialized treatment for co-morbid and other-specified anxiety disorders.
- Published
- 2014
97. [It is possible for people suffering from mental illness to change their lifestyle]
- Author
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Merete, Nordentoft, Jesper, Krogh, Kirstine Suszkiewicz, Krogholm, Peter, Lange, and Ane, Moltke
- Subjects
Mental Disorders ,Smoking ,Weight Loss ,Humans ,Smoking Prevention ,Exercise ,Life Style - Abstract
A significant share of the excess mortality among people suffering from mental illness is due to unhealthy lifestyles. Obesity, smoking, unhealthy diets and sedentary behaviour is twice as frequent among people with mental illness, but the willingness to improve lifestyle is as high as in healthy people. Based on a review of the literature we conclude that it is possible for people with mental illness to change their lifestyle, but they encounter a number of barriers to lifestyle changes, including their symptoms, adverse drug effects and their life situations.
- Published
- 2014
98. The association between depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and inflammation in major depression
- Author
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Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Michael E. Benros, Martin Balslev Jørgensen, Lone Vesterager, and Betina Elfving
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Immunology ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Verbal fluency test ,Humans ,cardiovascular diseases ,Association (psychology) ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Psychomotor learning ,Inflammation ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,biology ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Interleukin-6 ,Serial sevens ,C-reactive protein ,Cognition ,Middle Aged ,Cognitive test ,Exercise Therapy ,C-Reactive Protein ,biology.protein ,Physical therapy ,Female ,Psychology ,Cognition Disorders ,Biomarkers - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the association between IL-6 and CRP with depressive items and cognitive function. We included 112 outpatients with major depression from an exercise trial and 57 healthy controls. IL-6, high sensitive CRP (hsCRP), and cognitive function were assessed in all subjects. After baseline assessment, patients were randomised to either a 3months exercise intervention or an exercise control group. Post-intervention IL-6, hsCRP, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function were reassessed in the patient group. IL-6 and hsCRP were significantly increased in depressed patients compared to healthy controls (p=0.02 and 0.04). These differences were no longer significant after adjustment for lifestyle associated variables. We found no association between immune markers and specific depressive symptoms at baseline or as change over time. Regarding the cognitive tests, IL-6 was positively associated with Serial sevens (p=0.008) and hsCRP was inversely associated with Trail making A (p=0.02) and design fluency (p=0.001) at baseline. At 3months follow-up IL-6 and hsCRP levels did not significantly change from baseline and did not differ between the two patient groups. Depression scores was lower compared to baseline but did not differ between groups. Combining the two groups, a decrease in IL-6 was associated to decreased verbal fluency (p=0.02), and a decrease in hsCRP was associated with improvement in Trail making A (p=0.005). In conclusion, the level of IL-6 and hsCRP was increased in depressed outpatients but was not associated to specific depressive symptoms. In terms of cognitive function, we found that higher hsCRP levels were associated to lower psychomotor speed both at baseline and at follow-up.
- Published
- 2014
99. An association study between the norepinephrine transporter gene and depression
- Author
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Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Zeynep Tümer, Åse Marie Hansen, Niels Tommerup, Henrik A Kolstad, Iben Søgaard Jacobsen, Matias Brødsgaard Grynderup, Henriette N. Buttenschøn, Asli Silahtaroglu, Ole Mors, Linda Kaerlev, Anders D. Børglum, and Jane Frølund Thomsen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Candidate gene ,Single-nucleotide polymorphism ,Translocation, Genetic ,Reuptake ,Norepinephrine (medication) ,Dopamine ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,SNP ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Genetic Association Studies ,Biological Psychiatry ,Genetics (clinical) ,Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ,biology ,Depression ,Genome, Human ,Chromosome Breakage ,Middle Aged ,Solute carrier family ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Norepinephrine transporter ,biology.protein ,Female ,Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A potential approach for identification of candidate genes for depression is characterization of chromosomal rearrangements. Through analysis of a chromosome translocation in an individual with recurrent depression, we identified a potential candidate gene: the norepinephrine transporter (NET; SLC6A2 for solute carrier 6 family member 2). The gene is responsible for the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into presynaptic nerve terminals and the norepinephrine system appears to play an important role in depression. We therefore analyzed genetic variants within SLC6A2 for association with depression in 408 affected and 559 control individuals from Denmark. After quality control of the genotypes, 31 of 45 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were left for analyses. One SNP showed a nominal association with depression but did not survive correction for multiple testing. The results from our study do not suggest SLC6A2 as a susceptibility gene for depression in the Danish population.
- Published
- 2013
100. Autoimmune diseases and severe infections as risk factors for mood disorders a nationwide study
- Author
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William W. Eaton, Jesper Krogh, Merete Nordentoft, Berit Lindum Waltoft, Søren Dinesen Østergaard, Michael E. Benros, and Preben Bo Mortensen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Denmark ,Comorbidity ,Infections ,Severity of Illness Index ,Autoimmune Diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Severity of illness ,medicine ,Outpatient clinic ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Registries ,Psychiatry ,Prospective cohort study ,Aged ,business.industry ,Mood Disorders ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Mood ,Mood disorders ,Relative risk ,Female ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Importance Mood disorders frequently co-occur with medical diseases that involve inflammatory pathophysiologic mechanisms. Immune responses can affect the brain and might increase the risk of mood disorders, but longitudinal studies of comorbidity are lacking. Objective To estimate the effect of autoimmune diseases and infections on the risk of developing mood disorders. Design Nationwide, population-based, prospective cohort study with 78 million person-years of follow-up. Data were analyzed with survival analysis techniques and adjusted for calendar year, age, and sex. Setting Individual data drawn from Danish longitudinal registers. Participants A total of 3.56 million people born between 1945 and 1996 were followed up from January 1, 1977, through December 31, 2010, with 91 637 people having hospital contacts for mood disorders. Main Outcomes and Measures The risk of a first lifetime diagnosis of mood disorder assigned by a psychiatrist in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or emergency department setting. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and accompanying 95% CIs are used as measures of relative risk. Results A prior hospital contact because of autoimmune disease increased the risk of a subsequent mood disorder diagnosis by 45% (IRR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.39-1.52). Any history of hospitalization for infection increased the risk of later mood disorders by 62% (IRR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.60-1.64). The 2 risk factors interacted in synergy and increased the risk of subsequent mood disorders even further (IRR, 2.35; 95% CI, 2.25-2.46). The number of infections and autoimmune diseases increased the risk of mood disorders in a dose-response relationship. Approximately one-third (32%) of the participants diagnosed as having a mood disorder had a previous hospital contact because of an infection, whereas 5% had a previous hospital contact because of an autoimmune disease. Conclusions and Relevance Autoimmune diseases and infections are risk factors for subsequent mood disorder diagnosis. These associations seem compatible with an immunologic hypothesis for the development of mood disorders in subgroups of patients.
- Published
- 2013
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