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Hydrazine hepatotoxicity in vivo, as manifested by triglyceride accumulation, depletion of ATP and reduced glutathione (GSH) was shown to be dose related. The effect of pretreatment of rats with various inhibitors and inducers of cytochrome P450 on these dose-response relationships was investigated. Pretreatment with the inhibitor piperonyl butoxide increased triglyceride accumulation whereas pretreatment with the inducers phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) resulted in reduced triglyceride accumulation. Pretreatment with the inducers acetone and isoniazid also enhanced triglyceride accumulation. Only phenobarbital pretreatment also significantly reduced GSH and ATP depletion. A linear correlation was found between hepatic glutathione and ATP levels in non-pretreated animals given various doses of hydrazine. However, exponential relationships were found between hepatic triglycerides and both hepatic ATP and glutathione. The results suggest that i) the hepatotoxicity of hydrazine can be modulated by inducing or inhibiting particular isoenzymes of cytochrome P450, ii) ATP and GSH depletion may not be directly involved in the development of fatty liver.

The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological, organisational and legal considerations of using school milk as a vehicle for fluoride. The background to the work was the need to develop alternative methods of fluoride supplementation for high risk groups living in areas where water fluoridation is unlikely. St Helens in Merseyside was chosen as the study area, where 23 per cent of 4-year-old children were identified as having a high caries experience (dmft > or = 4). It was found that 65 per cent of 3 and 4-year-old children attend local authority educational facilities, where milk is provided on a daily basis for children aged 2 to 7 years. This group included 62 per cent of the 4-year-old group with high caries experience. The legal aspects of adding fluoride to milk were found to be complex but it was concluded that there may be considerable potential for using school milk as a vehicle for fluoride, and a large-scale study is now planned.