90 results on '"Jean‐Pierre Luminet"'
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52. The Shape of Space between WMAP and PLANCK
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Jean‐Pierre Luminet
- Subjects
Physics ,Age of the universe ,De Sitter universe ,Shape of the universe ,Big Rip ,Observable universe ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Flatness problem ,Particle horizon ,Metric expansion of space - Abstract
Cosmic topology has entered a new era of experimental tests since accurate maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB) are available. Various deviations from the concordance Λ‐CDM flat infinite universe model hint at a possible non‐trivial topology for the shape of space. A finite universe with the topology of the Poincare dodecahedral spherical space fits remarkably well the data and is a good candidate for explaining both the local curvature of space and the large angle anomalies in the temperature power spectrum. Such a model of a “small universe”, the volume of which would represent only about 80% the volume of the observable universe, offers an observational signature in the form of a predictable topological lens effect on one hand, and rises new issues on the physics of the early universe on the other hand.
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- 2006
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53. The Shape of Space from Einstein to WMAP data
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Jean‐Pierre Luminet
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Physics ,Age of the universe ,De Sitter universe ,Cosmic microwave background ,Big Rip ,Astronomy ,Observable universe ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Flatness problem ,Particle horizon ,Metric expansion of space - Abstract
In this talk I review recent advances in cosmic topology since it has entered a new era of experimental tests. High redshift surveys of astronomical sources and accurate maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB) are beginning to hint at the shape of the universe, or at least to limit the wide range of possibilities. Among those possibilites are surprising “wrap around” universe models in which space, whatever its curvature, may be smaller than the observable universe and generate topological lensing effects on a detectable cosmic scale. In particular, the recent analysis of CMB data provided by the WMAP satellite suggest a finite universe with the topology of the Poincare dodecahedral spherical space. Such a model of a “small universe”, the volume of which would represent only about 80% the volume of the observable universe, offers an observational signature in the form of a predictable topological lens effect on one hand, and rises new issues on the early universe physics on the other hand.
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- 2006
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54. A cosmic hall of mirrors
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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Physics ,COSMIC cancer database ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Mathematics::History and Overview ,Astrophysics (astro-ph) ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Space physics ,Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph) ,Certainty ,Physics - Popular Physics ,Astrophysics ,Physics::History of Physics ,Universe ,Space Physics (physics.space-ph) ,Physics::Popular Physics ,Theoretical physics ,Physics - Space Physics ,media_common - Abstract
Conventional thinking says the universe is infinite. But it could be finite and relatively small, merely giving the illusion of a greater one, like a hall of mirrors. Recent astronomical measurements add support to a finite space with a dodecahedral topology., Comment: 13 pages, 5 colour figures. Last news on cosmic topology. pdf only
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- 2005
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55. Cosmic microwave background anisotropies in multiconnected flat spaces
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Alain Riazuelo, Jean-Pierre Luminet, Jeffrey Weeks, R. Lehoucq, Jean-Philippe Uzan, Service de Physique Théorique (SPhT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Euclidean space ,Astrophysics (astro-ph) ,Cosmic microwave background ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Theoretical physics ,Classical mechanics ,Fundamental domain ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Simply connected space ,Orthonormal basis ,General topology ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,Linear combination ,Laplace operator - Abstract
This article investigates the signature of the seventeen multi-connected flat spaces in cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps. For each such space it recalls a fundamental domain and a set of generating matrices, and then goes on to find an orthonormal basis for the set of eigenmodes of the Laplace operator on that space. The basis eigenmodes are expressed as linear combinations of eigenmodes of the simply connected Euclidean space. A preceding work, which provides a general method for implementing multi-connected topologies in standard CMB codes, is then applied to simulate CMB maps and angular power spectra for each space. Unlike in the 3-torus, the results in most multi-connected flat spaces depend on the location of the observer. This effect is discussed in detail. In particular, it is shown that the correlated circles on a CMB map are generically not back-to-back, so that negative search of back-to-back circles in the WMAP data does not exclude a vast majority of flat or nearly flat topologies., Comment: 33 pages, 19 figures, 1 table. Submitted to PRD
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- 2004
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56. Well-proportioned universes suppress the cosmic microwave background quadrupole
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Roland Lehoucq, Jeffrey Weeks, Jean-Pierre Luminet, Alain Riazuelo, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
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Physics ,Reduction (recursion theory) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cosmic microwave background ,Spectrum (functional analysis) ,Spectral density ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,CMB cold spot ,Universe ,Theoretical physics ,Dimension (vector space) ,Space and Planetary Science ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Quadrupole ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,media_common - Abstract
A widespread myth asserts that all small universe models suppress the CMB quadrupole. In actual fact, some models suppress the quadrupole while others elevate it, according to whether their low-order modes are weak or strong relative to their high-order modes. Elementary geometrical reasoning shows that a model’s largest dimension determines the rough value lmin at which the CMB power spectrum l(l + 1)Cl/2π effectively begins; for cosmologically relevant models, lmin ≤ 3. More surprisingly, elementary geometrical reasoning shows that further reduction of a model’s smaller dimensions – with its largest dimension held fixed – serves to elevate modes in the neighborhood of lmin relative to the high-l portion of the spectrum, rather than suppressing them as one might naively expect. Thus among the models whose largest dimension is comparable to or less than the horizon diameter, the low-order Cl tend to be relatively weak in well-proportioned spaces (spaces whose dimensions are approximately equal in all directions) but relatively strong in oddly-proportioned spaces (spaces that are significantly longer in some directions and shorter in others). We illustrate this principle in detail for the special cases of rectangular 3-tori and spherical spaces. We conclude that well-proportioned spaces make the best candidates for a topological explanation of the low CMB quadrupole observed by COBE and WMAP.
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- 2004
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57. Isotropisation of flat homogeneous universes with scalar fields
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Stephane Fay and Jean-Pierre Luminet
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Physics ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Compactification (physics) ,Astrophysics (astro-ph) ,Isotropy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Perfect fluid ,Scalar potential ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Astrophysics ,Cosmology ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Scalar–tensor theory ,Anisotropy ,Scalar field ,Mathematical physics - Abstract
Starting from an anisotropic flat cosmological model(Bianchi type $I$), we show that conditions leading to isotropisation fall into 3 classes, respectively 1, 2, 3. We look for necessary conditions such that a Bianchi type $I$ model reaches a stable isotropic state due to the presence of several massive scalar fields minimally coupled to the metric with a perfect fluid for class 1 isotropisation. The conditions are written in terms of some functions $\ell$ of the scalar fields. Two types of theories are studied. The first one deals with scalar tensor theories resulting from extra-dimensions compactification, where the Brans-Dicke coupling functions only depend on their associated scalar fields. The second one is related to the presence of complex scalar fields. We give the metric and potential asymptotical behaviours originating from class 1 isotropisation. The results depend on the domination of the scalar field potential compared to the perfect fluid energy density. We give explicit examples showing that some hybrid inflation theories do not lead to isotropy contrary to some high-order theories, whereas the most common forms of complex scalar fields undergo a class 3 isotropisation, characterised by strong oscillations of the $\ell$ functions., 35 pages, 11 figures, higher-quality images are available on request to steph.fay@wanadoo.fr, to be published in Class. Quant. Grav
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- 2003
58. Black Holes: A General Introduction
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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Physics ,Black hole ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Spacetime ,General relativity ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astronomy ,Binary number ,Galactic nuclei - Abstract
Our understanding of space and time is probed to its depths by black holes. These objects, which appear as a natural consequence of general relativity, provide a powerful analytical tool able to examine macroscopic and microscopic properties of the universe. This introductory article presents in a pictorial way the basic concepts of black hole's theory, as well as a description of the astronomical sites where black holes are suspected to lie, namely binary X-ray sources and galactic nuclei.
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- 2003
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59. Dodecahedral space topology as an explanation for weak wide-angle temperature correlations in the cosmic microwave background
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Jean-Pierre Luminet, Jean-Philippe Uzan, Roland Lehoucq, Jeffrey Weeks, and Alain Riazuelo
- Subjects
Physics ,Multidisciplinary ,Cosmic microwave background ,Astrophysics (astro-ph) ,Cosmic background radiation ,Shape of the universe ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Space (mathematics) ,CMB cold spot ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Cosmology ,Standard Model ,Theoretical physics ,Dark energy - Abstract
Cosmology's standard model posits an infinite flat universe forever expanding under the pressure of dark energy. First-year data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) confirm this model to spectacular precision on all but the largest scales (Bennett {\it et al.}, 2003 ; Spergel {\it et al.}, 2003). Temperature correlations across the microwave sky match expectations on scales narrower than $60^{\circ}$, yet vanish on scales wider than $60^{\circ}$. Researchers are now seeking an explanation of the missing wide-angle correlations (Contaldi {\it et al.}, 2003 ; Cline {\it et al.}, 2003). One natural approach questions the underlying geometry of space, namely its curvature (Efstathiou, 2003) and its topology (Tegmark {\it et al.}, 2003). In an infinite flat space, waves from the big bang would fill the universe on all length scales. The observed lack of temperature correlations on scales beyond $60^{\circ}$ means the broadest waves are missing, perhaps because space itself is not big enough to support them. Here we present a simple geometrical model of a finite, positively curved space -- the Poincar\'e dodecahedral space -- which accounts for WMAP's observations with no fine-tuning required. Circle searching (Cornish, Spergel and Starkman, 1998) may confirm the model's topological predictions, while upcoming Planck Surveyor data may confirm its predicted density of $\Omega_0 \simeq 1.013 > 1$. If confirmed, the model will answer the ancient question of whether space is finite or infinite, while retaining the standard Friedmann-Lema\^\i{}tre foundation for local physics., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures. This is a slightly longer version of the paper published in Nature 425, p. 593, 2003
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- 2003
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60. 3D STATISTICAL METHODS FOR SEARCHING SPACE TOPOLOGY: WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS?
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Jean-Pierre Luminet, Jean-Philippe Uzan, and Roland Lehoucq
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Physics ,Space (mathematics) ,Topology ,Topology (chemistry) - Published
- 2002
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61. The Wraparound Universe
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Jean-Pierre Luminet and Jean-Pierre Luminet
- Subjects
- Cosmology
- Abstract
What shape is the universe? Is it curved and closed in on itself? Is it expanding? Where is it headed? Could space be wrapped around itself, such that it produces ghost images of faraway galaxies? Such are the questions posed by Jean-Pierre Luminet in The Wraparound Universe, which he then addresses in clear and accessible language. An expert in bl
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- 2008
62. Topology of the Universe: Theory and Observation
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Jean-Pierre Luminet and Boudewijn F. Roukema
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Physics ,Theoretical physics ,Fundamental domain ,Covering space ,Milky Way ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Space (mathematics) ,Schwarzschild radius ,Universe ,Klein bottle ,Connection (mathematics) ,media_common - Abstract
“One could imagine that as a result of enormously extended astronomical experience, the entire universe consists of countless identical copies of our Milky Way, that the infinite space can be partitioned into cubes each containing an exactly identical copy of our Milky Way. Would we really cling on to the assumption of infinitely many identical repetitions of the same world?… We would be much happier with the view that these repetitions are illusory, that in reality space has peculiar connection properties so that if we leave any one cube through a side, then we immediately reenter it through the opposite side.” (Schwarzschild 1900 translation 1998)
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- 1999
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63. Illuminationen
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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- 1997
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64. Relativität
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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- 1997
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65. Das Universum als schwarzes Loch
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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Zum Abschlus ist die Zeit gekommen, die schwarzen Locher in eine kosmische Perspektive zu setzen. Wir waren auf der Suche nach dem Licht der mikroskopisch kleinen, primordialen schwarzen Locher, haben der Geburt von stellaren schwarzen Lochern beigewohnt und die schwarzen Riesenlocher von der Grose eines Sonnensystems gestreift. Es stellt sich damit eine einfache Frage: Was ist das grostmogliche schwarze Loch? Die Antwort ist eine der fantastischsten Spekulationen der modernen Wissenschaft: Das Universum selbst!.
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- 1997
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66. Pulsare
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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- 1997
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67. Gravitationswellen
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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- 1997
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68. Die primordialen schwarzen Löcher
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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Kommen wir auf die entfernte Vergangenheit unseres Universums vor ungefahr funfzehn Milliarden Jahren zuruck. Kurz nach seiner Entstehung ist das Universum zunachst nur ein glatter und homogener Teig, ohne eigentliche Struktur. Es „zittert“ jedoch, es gibt kleine Fluktuationen, die sich unter dem Einflus ihrer Eigengravitation weiter verdichten und „Klumpen“ bilden. Aber wie ein Kuchen, der sich in einem Ofen aufblaht, dehnt sich auch der Teig des Universums aus, aufgeblasen durch die primordiale Explosion1. Der Gegensatz zwischen der allgemeinen Ausdehnung einerseits, und den lokalen Verdichtungen andererseits, fuhrt auf eine der grosen Fragen der heutigen Astrophysik: Wie konnten aus manchen Klumpen Galaxien entstehen? Eigentlich hatte die Ausdehnung des kosmischen Teiges die lokalen Verdichtungen verhindern mussen, so das es in der Geschichte des Universums niemals zu einer Galaxie, einem Stern, einem Planeten - und am Ende der Kette, auch zu keinem lebenden Wesen - hatte kommen konnen!
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- 1997
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69. Asche und Diamant
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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Die Entwicklungsgeschichte eines Sterns ist mit der Phase als roter Riese noch lange nicht zu Ende, denn die Gravitation ist mehr als je zuvor bei der Arbeit. Das Schicksal eines Sterns ist vollstandig durch seine Masse bestimmt1. Je groser ein Stern ist, desto schneller entwickelt er sich und verschwendet freigebig seine nuklearen Reserven. Wenn das nukleare Leben der Sonne ungefahr zwolf Milliarden Jahre dauert, so ist das Leben eines zehnmal massiveren Sterns eintausendmal kurzer. Auserdem erzeugen sie nicht dieselben Produkte: Die massiveren Sterne bilden auch die schwereren Elemente. Ich werde im nachsten Kapitel darauf zuruckkommen. Verfolgen wir fur den Moment das Schicksal eines einfacheren Sterns, wie z.B. das der Sonne.
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- 1997
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70. Kartenspiele
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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- 1997
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71. Der Zoo der Röntgen-Sterne
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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Ein vollkommen isoliertes stellares schwarzes Loch ist zu gros, als das es seine Masse in Form von thermischer Strahlung verdampfen kann, andererseits aber auch zu klein, um das Licht entfernter Sterne deutlich abzulenken. So ist es dazu verdammt, unsichtbar zu bleiben.
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- 1997
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72. Der wesenlose Horizont
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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Im Dezember 1915, einen Monat nachdem Einstein in seinen Artikeln die Gleichungen der Allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie veroffentlicht hatte, fand der deutsche Astrophysiker Karl Schwarzschild die Losung, die das Gravitationsfeld auserhalb einer kugelsymmetrischen Massenverteilung im Vakuum beschreibt. Schwarzschild sandte sein Manuskript von der russischen Front1, wo er kampfte, an Einstein und bat ihn, sich um die Publikation zu kummern. Einstein war sehr beeindruckt. Er antwortete: „Ich hatte nicht erwartet, dassich eine exakte Losung des Problems formulieren last. Ihre analytische Behandlung erscheint mir wundervoll.“
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- 1997
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73. Die schwarzen Riesenlöcher
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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Neben den schwarzen Lochern, die am Ende eines Sternenlebens stehen, und deren Massen kaum uber das Zehnfache der Sonnenmasse hinausgehen, kann man sich auch schwarze Locher mit der Masse von mehreren tausend, Millionen oder sogar Milliarden Sonnen vorstellen (siehe Anhang A2), die ebenfalls durch einen Gravitationskollaps entstanden sind. Aber welche Mechanismen erzeugen diese schwarzen Riesenlocher?
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- 1997
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74. Das quantisierte schwarze Loch
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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Im Jahre 1971 schlug Stephen Hawking die Existenz von schwarzen MiniLochern vor. Nach Hawking waren wahrend der ersten Momente des Universums, lange vor der Geburt von Sternen und Galaxien, der Druck und die Energie der „kosmischen Suppe“ so gros, das kleinere Klumpen von Materie zu schwarzen Lochern unterschiedlicher Grose und Masse zusammengeprest werden konnten1. Insbesondere sehr kleine schwarze Locher, mit der Masse von Bergen und der Grose von Elementarteilchen, hatten „von Ausen“ entstehen konnen, wohingegen sich im heutigen Universum schwarze Locher nur noch als Folge eines Kollaps von sehr grosen Materiemengen bilden konnen.
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- 1997
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75. Die Gravitation triumphiert
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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Weise und schwarze Zwerge, Neutronensterne und Pulsare, dies sind stellare Korper, die wir uns ohne grose geistige Verwirrung noch vorstellen konnen. Aber schwarze Locher? Michell und Laplace haben sich zwar uberlegt, das es die grosen unsichtbaren Sterne geben konnte, aber sie hatten keine Vorstellungen von den Mechanismen, die zu ihrer Entstehung fuhren, und sie haben die Existenz schwarzer Locher von stellaren Massen gar nicht erst in Betracht gezogen. Ihnen fehlten die Kenntnisse der heutigen Wissenschaft: Quantenmechanik und Allgemeine Relativitatstheorie.
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- 1997
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76. Schwarze Löcher
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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- 1997
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77. Die Anfänge
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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- 1997
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78. Die gekrümmte Raum-Zeit
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
- Abstract
Indem Einstein im Jahr 1905 einerseits die Korpuskeltheorie des Lichtes wieder zum Leben erweckte und andererseits die Konsistenz des Maxwellschen Elektromagnetismus zeigte, fand er sich plotzlich vor einem besorgniserregenden Dilemma. Diese beiden Aspekte der Strahlung widersprechen sich namlich: Wenn Licht aus materiellen Teilchen besteht, wird es auch von anderer Materie als Folge der universellen Anziehung zwischen den Korpern beeinflust. Wie kann aber in diesem Fall seine Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit eine absolute Konstante c sein, wie es von der Speziellen Relativitatstheorie gefordert wird?
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- 1997
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79. Das schwarze Loch als Maschine
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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Die Physiker haben schon immer versucht zu verstehen, warum unser Universum nicht chaotisch, sondern geordnet ist. Von den Galaxien bis hin zu lebenden Zellen, das Universum hat komplexe Strukturen in allen Grosenordnungen entwickelt. Die Verschiedenheit und Komplexitat organisierter Systeme ist derartig gros, das es anmasend erscheinen konnte, die allgemeinen Prinzipien, nach denen sich so unterschiedlichen Systeme wie der Mensch oder ein Stern organisieren, zu verstehen. Genau das ist jedoch eines der Ziele, die von der Thermodynamik erreicht wurden.
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- 1997
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80. Chronik der heißen Jahre
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
- Abstract
Wie der Regen, so ist ein Stern ein kondensierter Tropfen im Inneren einer Gaswolke. Verglichen mit den Bedingungen auf der Erde konnte man fast sasgen, das ein Stern sich aus dem Nichts bildet: Die Luft, die wir atmen, enthalt dreisig Milliarden Milliarden Atome pro Kubikzentimeter, eine interstellare Wolke enthalt kaum mehr als einige dutzend. Andererseits erstreckt sie sich uber einige hundert Lichtjahre und umfast eine Masse, die mehreren tausend Sonnen entspricht. Eine interstellare Wolke unterscheidet sich von einer atmosspharischen Wolke auch in ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung: Sie enthalt im Mittel sechzehn Wasserstoffatome1 auf ein Heliumatom, auserdem Spuren von hoheren Elementen, wie Kohlenstoff, Stickstoff oder Eisen.
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- 1997
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81. Die Supernova
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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- 1997
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82. La mort des étoiles
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
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Les remarquables progres de l’astrophysique et de la cosmologie ont permis d’etablir des modeles generaux d’evolution des corps celestes, aussi bien a l’echelle des systemes planetaires, stellaires et galactiques qu’a celle du cosmos. Au terme de leur evolution nucleaire, le cœur des etoiles s’effondre pour former des residus compacts tels que naines blanches, etoiles a neutrons et trous noirs. Leur enveloppe gazeuse est ejectee et ensemence en noyaux atomiques lourds l’espace interstellaire, enrichissant de proche en proche la chimie du milieu galactique. Quant au cosmos dans son ensemble, selon les dernieres donnees il semble voue a une expansion et a un refroidissement perpetuels.
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- 2003
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83. Pancake detonation of stars by black holes in galactic nuclei
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Brandon Carter and Jean-Pierre Luminet
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Physics ,Supermassive black hole ,Multidisciplinary ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astronomy ,Magnetospheric eternally collapsing object ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Black hole ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Binary black hole ,Intermediate-mass black hole ,Stellar black hole ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Schwarzschild radius ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Gamma-ray burst progenitors - Abstract
Recent efforts to understand exotic phenomena in galactic nuclei commonly postulate the presence of a massive black hole accreting gas produced by tidal or collisional disruption of stars. For black holes in the mass range 104–107 M⊙, individual stars penetrating well inside the Roche radius will undergo compression to a short-lived pancake configuration very similar to that produced by a high velocity symmetric collision of the kind likely to occur in the neighbourhood of black holes in the higher mass range ≳109 M⊙. Thermonuclear energy release ensuing in the more extreme events may be sufficient to modify substantially the working of the entire accretion process.
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- 1982
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84. Tidal squeezing of stars by Schwarzschild black holes
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Jean-Alain Marck and Jean-Pierre Luminet
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Black hole ,Physics ,Stars ,Space and Planetary Science ,Schwarzschild metric ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Schwarzschild radius - Abstract
Generalisation relativiste du probleme de rupture par maree d'une etoile plongeant profondement dans le rayon de Roche d'un trou noir massif de Schwarzschild, sur la base du modele stellaire affine de Carter et Luminet
- Published
- 1985
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85. Mechanics of the affine star model
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Jean-Pierre Luminet and B. Carter
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Physics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Affine transformation ,Equilibrium equation ,Mathematical physics - Abstract
Etude des phenomenes se produisant lorsqu'une etoile est brisee par le passage a travers le champ de maree d'un grand trou noir. On utilise un modele stellaire affine. On etudie les proprietes mecaniques intrinseques d'un tel modele
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- 1985
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86. Highlights in black hole astrophysics
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Jean Pierre Luminet
- Subjects
Physics ,Black hole ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Intermediate-mass black hole ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,General Mathematics ,Astronomy ,Stellar black hole ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Galactic nuclei ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
I review the theoretical and observational data supporting the existence of black holes at various mass scales and then give a brief account of the recent progress in the understanding of the stellar tidal disruption process, which is expected to play a prominent role in fuelling large black holes in galactic nuclei.
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- 1989
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87. Effets de marée : rupture explosive d'étoiles par un trou noir géant
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Jean-Pierre Luminet
- Subjects
Physics ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Humanities - Abstract
Cet article passe en revue les developpements recents dans l'etude du comportement d'un corps en mouvement dans le champ de maree d'une source rigide compacte. Depuis les travaux de pionnier de Roche et de ses successeurs, il est bien connu qu'il existe des figures d'equilibre stationnaire ellipsoidales pour un corps homogene incompressible en orbite circulaire dont le rayon depasse une limite critique de Roche, donnee par (M/ρ *)1/3, ou M est la masse de la source et ρ * la densite du corps deforme. Quand le corps se deplace dans un champ de maree variable, du moment angulaire et des mouvements internes de vorticite uniforme se developpent de facon a maintenir une figure ellipsoidale. Le sort ultime d'un corps transgressant la limite de Roche peut etre elucide en integrant les equations du mouvement interne. Le corps est generalement detruit apres son passage dans le rayon de Roche, sa forme evoluant vers un cigare indefiniment long et mince pour une penetration modeste ou vers un disque indefiniment plat en cas de penetration plus grande. Suivant l'idee originale de Carter et Luminet (1982), l'article attire ensuite l'attention sur le fait que la compressibilite du materiel stellaire conduit a un comportement radicalement different en cas de forte penetration dans le rayon de Roche, en ce sens que la rupture est precedee d'une breve phase de tres forte compression dans une configuration aplatie en crepe, au cours de laquelle la densite et la temperature dans le coeur de l'etoile peuvent augmenter assez pour faire detoner une fraction importante du fuel thermonucleaire disponible. On peut s'attendre a des effets semblables lors de collisions directes entre deux etoiles identiques animees d'une vitesse relative depassant largement la vitesse de liberation minimale requise pour la rupture. En ce qui concerne le probleme de maree, des estimations quantitatives peuvent etre faites dans le cadre d'un modele d'etoile affine idealise, ou l'on suppose que les couches de densite constante gardent une forme ellipsoidale. Le modele affine, qui inclut la compressibilite et des effets non adiabatiques tels que la generation d'energie nucleaire et la dissipation visqueuse, est completement decrit en termes d'une matrice 3 x 3 de deformation, dont l'evolution determine les variations temporelles des axes principaux de l'ellipsoide et des composantes du vecteur de vitesse angulaire et du vecteur de vorticite. On rappelle comment la plupart des proprietes mecaniques bien connues des modeles incompressibles peuvent se generaliser au modele affine compressible. L'application du modele affine au probleme d'une etoile plongeant profondement dans le rayon de Roche d'un trou noir geant permet d'evaluer les quantites physiques extremales telles que densite, temperature, etc... dans la configuration en crepe, en fonction du facteur de penetration. Les calculs analytiques et numeriques menent a la conclusion que le noyau d'une etoile ordinaire de la sequence principale penetrant d'un facteur ∼ 15 subit une compression et un chauffage a environ 10^6 g/cm3 et 10^9 K pendant 1 seconde lors du passage au periastre. Lorsque le champ gravitationnel exterieur est decrit dans le cadre de la Relativite Generale en termes de la geometrie spatio-temporelle de Schwarzschild, des effets de compressions multiples se produisent en maintes circonstances. Les phenomenes spectaculaires provenant de la detonation nucleaire de certains elements de l'etoile sont ensuite passes en revue, depuis la capture acceleree de protons par les elements de masse intermediaire jusqu'a la plus rare, mais beaucoup plus energetique, combustion explosive de l'helium. Par l'effet de fronde bien connu, le gaz stellaire peut etre finalement ejecte avec des vitesses de plusieurs milliers de km/s et echapper definitivement au puits gravitationnel du trou noir. Il est couramment accepte que les phenomenes tres energetiques dans les noyaux de galaxies peuvent s'expliquer par l'accretion de gaz sur un trou noir geant, le gaz necessaire etant vraisemblablement produit lors de la rupture d'etoiles par effet de maree ou par collision interstellaire a grande vitesse au voisinage du trou noir. On peut donc esperer que le mecanisme de rupture explosive d'une etoile jette quelques lueurs nouvelles sur l'evolution generale des noyaux galactiques. Il propose de plus un site astrophysique nouveau, riche en hydrogene, pour la nuclesynthese des isotopes lourds.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
88. Intrinsic curvature of the 3-surfaces of homothety in spatially homothetic space-times
- Author
-
Jean-Pierre Luminet
- Subjects
Physics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Prescribed scalar curvature problem ,Mathematical analysis ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Mathematics::Differential Geometry ,Type (model theory) ,Algebraic number ,Curvature ,Space (mathematics) ,Homothetic transformation ,Scalar curvature ,Sign (mathematics) - Abstract
It is shown how the sign of the intrinsic scalar curvature of spatially homothetic space-times depends on their algebraic type, thus generalizing a corresponding result for the homogeneous case.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
89. Explosive Disruption of Stars by Big Black Holes
- Author
-
Jean-Pierre Luminet
- Subjects
Physics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Stellar collision ,Astronomy ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Compact star ,Black hole ,Future of an expanding universe ,Binary black hole ,Intermediate-mass black hole ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Stellar black hole ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Stellar evolution ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
The fate of a star deeply plunging in a strong external gravitational field may be described in terms of the “pancake” compression process during which explosive nucleosynthesis may be triggered in the core of the star. Consequences on the dynamics of stellar disruption, fuelling of active galactic nuclei and production of heavy elements are briefly examined.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
90. Dynamics of an affine star model in a black hole tidal field
- Author
-
Brandon Carter and Jean-Pierre Luminet
- Subjects
Black hole ,Physics ,Active galactic nucleus ,Field (physics) ,Binary black hole ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Stellar black hole ,Spin-flip ,Affine transformation ,Astrophysics ,Spaghettification - Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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