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The involvement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for the adoption of smart cities in India is in high demand today. The healthcare service solution uses cloud computing based future technology which uses the coming Internet of things technology to access the patient’s details and their confidential healthcare information. The rapid circulation of mobile cloud computing model is associated with massive amounts of energy spent by the cloud data centers. So enhancing the energy efficiency of those data centers, has to they turn out to be a leading challenge in the healthcare industry. Mobile cloud computing provides services by bringing the plentiful resources of medical data in cloud computing to the nearness of mobile devices to authorize the performance of the application and preserve the battery life.

Multicasting is an essential service for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). A major challenge for multicasting in MANETs is to find an efficient and reliable path. Thus, this paper introduces a mobility aware recovery technique for reliable multicast (MRTRM) routing protocol in MANET to enhance the multicast efficiency and lifetime of the network. MRTRM is a tree-based cross-layer protocol, designed by an integrating medium access control (MAC) layer for rate adaption and network layer for multicast routing. The proposed protocol operates in the following phases: 1) Multicast tree construction from the source to destinations; 2) An estimation of Resident Time; 3) The data packet forwarding phase; 4) Route maintenance against node/link failures using fast recovery algorithm. An extensive set of simulations was conducted to evaluate the performance of proposed scheme; the simulation results show that the MRTRM increases the packet delivery ratio by reducing the packet drop rate and latency under various scenarios as compared to immediate group ACK tree (IGA).

Medical consultation through online system is now accessible by many providers internationally with various models and structures. Online medical consultation is a part of telemedicine where telemedicine is a part of remote consultation, which is mainly used for the determination of diagnosis or treatment. A Novel healthcare system using the cloud to address the privacy-preserving of data and remote consultation is proposed in this work. The function of cloud includes privacy, security, data sharing, and intrusion detection.

The emergence of cloud computing which gives a revolutionary innovation to the management of the data resources. For data storage, the servers store a huge amount of shared data, it could be accessed by authorized users. The possibilistic C means module (PCM) is widely used for processing of Image and its analysis. Knowledge extraction in case of the large heterogeneous data is not possible by PCM. To solve the issue, we proposed fuzzy logic based data provisioning using cloud computing.

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is one among the fast-emerging technologies which plays very important role in the research field and has become the integral part of the research. According to the standards of NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), “the WSN is a network with many sensors deployed in the environment or geographical area.” Sensor network is a system including actuators and sensors with some elements of computation. WSN contains the sensors nodes, which senses the physical quantities of the surroundings. Wireless sensor network became most famous in recent years for both military and civil jobs. The most challenging task for WSN is security which is unprotected in an open environment. Cryptographic technique is not much better that can protect a sensor network from external threats and attacks.

With the development of Internet technology and communications technology, our lives are progressively led into the virtual world. The Internet facilitates people to chat, shop and work in the virtual world. This virtual world can be integrated with real world by Internet of Things (IoT) with its potential to identify and connect all physical objects worldwide into a unified system using sensors/actuators and wireless communication. This paper presents need to understand protocol stack of IoT, various ways to integrate sensor network to IoT for better implementation of IoT applications.

Wireless sensor/actuator network (WSN) would be an assembly of actuators and sensors which would be in nature dispersed plus organized by means of wireless networks. Sustaining quality of service (QoS) resolve the dangerous significance meant for persistent WSNs that gives out as the system communications of miscellaneous applications to explode novel investigation. This review gives the insight and discussion on the QoS necessities with also improvements in QoS using soft computing methods mainly with fuzzy logic.

Low energy consumption is the prime requisite in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Energy conservation can be achieved by the use of the efficient routing technique. One of the most critical processes in WSN is the routing. The efficient routing technique can reduce high energy consumption, end-to-end delay for real-time applications, and can minimize packet overhead in the network. The existing CHEOPT method improved the lifetime of the network and has minimized the consumption of energy at the expense of loss of few packet and delayed data delivery. In this paper, the proposed method called as ISAWSN has been designed in order to improve the energy efficiency and also to minimize the packet loss ratio.

Cloud-Assisted Electronic Eye Doctor for automatic glaucoma screening which uses an expert system is proposed. The expert system is used for diagnosis, which uses databases of specialist knowledge to make decisions or offer advice to user or doctor. Data including patient’s medical state and fundus image are generated, medical records are gathered and delivered through the cloud tier in the cloud, and the investigation of fundus images is performed. A cost-effective mean for glaucoma screening is presented facilitated by all over access nature of the system via cloud platform allowing the disease to be discovered earlier and enabling early examination for more efficient intervention and disease management.

Cloud computing is a latest technology that uses internet and centralized servers to maintain data and various types of applications. Cloud computing allows consumers and business people to use applications without any installation of either hardware or software and accessing their personal files at any computer with internet access. This technology allows for much more efficient computing by centralizing storage, memory, processing. The cloud computing system is the newer version of utility computing which has replaced its area at various data centers. The Load balancer determines when to start or end any virtual machine in the Cloud. The auto scaling feature along with the load balancing technique makes anyone easy to automatically increase or decrease back-end capacity to meet traffic fluctuation levels.

Wireless Sensor networks WSN is the most emerging technology and it has great potential to be employed in some of the critical situations which includes battlefields and most emerging commercial applications Some of them are surveillance of traffic healthcare and smart homes and habitat monitoring and many other scenarios WSNs are extremely vulnerable to different types of attacks internally and also mainly external attacks because of various factors such as nodes with resource that are constrained and packages that are resistant to tamper As a result security is an important factor while the infrastructure and protocols of sensor networks are designed Various types of security threats become possible using wireless communication technology Sensor networks become vulnerable to a variety of potential attacks while some of the environment remains unattended In our comparative study we discuss a wide variety of attacks that affects the performance of nodes in sensor network and also few mechanisms necessary for intrusion detection that gives right directions for further research work nbsp

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a new and most recent technology which is used in many critical applications. WSN is a network which is deployable anywhere in the environment. Due to this nature of WSN, an unattended network is more probable for vulnerable and unavoidable attacks. WSN is comprised of huge different types of nodes which are distributed within the network. Some of the nodes have sensing technique for detecting unusual behaviour in the network. Detection and prevention mechanisms are used for securing the network, with the consideration of energy efficiency. Biometric-based system is most efficient way of detecting an intruder which is one of the major techniques of pattern matching. Since WSN is more probable vulnerable to various harmful security attacks as it has the nature of broadcasting the transmission data and has very low capacity of computation, an Intrusion detection system (IDS) is used to detect such mobile attackers or intruders. Intrusion prevention system (IPS) uses a mechanism which enables the reduction of consumption of energy in sensor nodes of WSN.

MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) is a self-constituting network of mobile nodes connected by wireless links. Hosts rely on each other to keep the network connected. It represent complex distributed systems that comprise wireless mobile nodes that can freely and dynamically self-organize into arbitrary and temporary, ad-hoc network topologies, allowing people and devices to seamlessly internetwork in areas with no pre-existing communication infrastructure. This paper presents a comprehensive study on performance issues of routing protocols in wireless networks.

Energy conservation is mainly important strategy for critical applications like military or disaster recovery places. Energy in wireless networks has to be scheduled in an efficient manner. Scheduling is the major challenging issue in wireless ad hoc networks. This paper reviews the scheduling mechanism in wireless ad hoc networks. Medium access protocol (MAC) involves IEEE 802.11 standard in wireless technology. It achieves high throughput and performance in distributed system.

Energy management in wireless network is a major critical issue. Energy efficiency of a sensor node means the amount of data delivered by a specific node into the total amount of energy expended. Higher the energy efficiency means higher the number of packets transmitted by the sensor node to reserve energy in the network. This paper highlights the requirement for energy management scheme in ad hoc wireless networking.

Recent advancements in wireless communication technologies have lead to challenges in effective utilization of Radio frequency (RF) spectrum. These challenges can be overcome by using cognitive radio (CR) technology, which implements spectrum access in opportunistic manner. In this article we study the classification of various spectrum sensing techniques used in field of CR technology with a comparative study of their performances under different conditions.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is a collection of small powered devices which have sensing and computation abilities along with wireless communications capabilities. In this article, how Cognitive Radio (CR) capability enhances the performance in WSN for wireless communications is discussed. A cognitive radio routing in WSN along with the algorithm is outlined based on comparative of various routing protocols in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSN's) and their suitability to CR environment.

Cloud computing provides tremendous data storage and computing capabilities to its users. Large amount of people can store various data onto the cloud without any hesitation or limitations. Additional security requires a secure cloud storage system with independent efficient auditing service to check the correctness of outsourced data. Enormous users keep sending the data over Internet and they are made stored in cloud data centers remotely. The data files can be accessed by unauthorized users or hackers in the unsecured cloud network. This leads in leaking of confidential data or data loss during the transmission over the network. Hence securing the cloud plays a very important role in cloud environment. The data transfer over wireless network across the globe has to be protected safely from unauthorized usage over the cloud. The data files and the remote data centers have to be given extra security as well as maintenance capabilities from hackers or third party intruders. In this regard, data auditing along with privacy preserving, integrity and dynamic capabilities plays as a proficient method for preventing from various cloud attacks which is considered in this work. In this work, efficient auditor plays a crucial role in securing the cloud environment.

Cloud computing provides data storage facility to its users in cloud storage servers based on the required payment. Using public auditability, we can check the behaviour of data in the cloud. The auditing protocol must measure less communication cost incurred by the auditor and the cloud server. Third party auditor is responsible for the authentication of secret files in cloud system on behalf of the data owner. This paper describes an auditing system for secure cloud storage systems using privacy preservation scheme. The data auditability technique allows the user to make the data integrity check using a third party. The public auditability system permits the TPA to check the cloud information without downloading the original data from the user. This process involves profiling the data and evaluating the impact of inadequate quality data which results in the performance of the organisation.

Many of the private services are made readily available to the users publically from emerging technologies such as web services, cloud computing, service-oriented architecture in an more effective and efficient manner. However, the users still suffer from security leakages by unauthorized one. Firewalls are the vital elements in network security. The worthiness of the firewall mainly depends on the quality of policies deployed in the firewall. Deploying and configuring firewall policies are more tedious and error-prone. In this Paper, we present an effective policy anomaly management framework for firewalls, anomalies are identified using rule-based segmentation technique and are derived effective anomaly resolution .In certain, we also make use of grid-based visualization technique, providing an intuitive cognitive sense about policy anomaly. User's requests are allowed to access the private network based on preset threshold value. In particular, we also demonstrate how effectively our approach can identify and overcome anomalies in firewall policies through various experiments. General Terms: Firewall, Policy anomaly management framework, Segmentation, Threshold value.

As of late, Computer-rooted methods are progressively used to revamp the quality of medical domain services. There are a various PC pull techniques that are utilized for the finding of eye maladies, for example, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and cataract and so on. However, these system are independent programming with basic usefulness. An expert system (ES) for the diagnosis of glaucoma disease is proposed which uses databases of medical knowledge to offer advice or make decisions. The GAMES is composed of knowledge base, user interface and inference engine. The proposed medicinal GAMES is utilized to analyze the glaucoma illness among the patients. The diagnosis is done taking into account the symptoms which can be felt or seen. The proposed GAMES will be genuinely useful to the patients to secure the mandatory advice about the glaucoma malady and can also ease the work of expert or doctor in putting together the proper or suitable diagnosis of patient.

Cloud computing is named as virtual computing in information technology which makes use of virtual data centers and also needs ultimate privacy protection. The cloud computing features aims at providing security and confidentiality to its customers. The business officials have gained maximum profit using the cloud environment. The privacy preservation and cloud security issue is the most critical challenge that we are facing in today's world in cloud computing. The present work highlights the security as well as privacy issues in cloud area for maintaining integrity and confidentiality in the cloud environment.

Virtualization is one of the important key technologies in cloud computing. Main advantages include maximum resource utilization and high flexibility. The virtualization technology offers different services to users and the vendors and has become an upcoming technology in the IT (Information Technology) industry. This article explores various network virtualization technologies using cloud computing system to a certain extent which has turned more efficient than previous technologies.

Network with large number of sensor nodes distributed spatially is termed as Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The tiny devices called as sensor nodes are cheap, consume less power, and the capabilities of computation is limited. The most challenging issue for WSN is protecting the network from misbehavior of intruders or adversaries. One of the major techniques used to prevent from any type of attack in the sensor network is artificial intelligence system (AIS). Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is considered to be the second line of defense, as sensor nodes are first defense line. WSNs are highly vulnerable to intrusions and different types of attacks. In most critical applications of WSN, the human intervention or some physical devices are not sufficient for protecting the network from strong adversaries and attacks. Thus, artificial intelligence techniques are used for intrusion detection and prevention of sensor networks.

Resource provisioning is greatly required to expand the performance in cloud. The hardware technique used for resource allocation methods can be central processing unit (CPU) scaling, which is the frequency of physical cores. The software technique used can be horizontal and vertical elasticity. The resource management affects the evaluation of a system by performance, functionality, and cost. The resource management in cloud environment should have enormous policies and decisions for adhering various objective optimization. Efficient resource management is the process of allocating the resources and handling the workload variations effectively. The computing resources have to be handled efficiently among the users of virtual machines. Service level agreement (SLA) is defined as the contract made between the providers and the customers of cloud for guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) issues. This paper gives various policies defined in cloud computing related to SLA issues.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consists of densely populated large number of spatially distributed configurable sensors, to meet the requirements of industrial, military, precision agriculture and health monitoring applications with ease of implementation and maintenance cost. Transmission of data requires both energy and quality of service (QoS) aware routing to ensure efficient use of the sensors and effective access of gathered information. In turn routing technique must provide reliable transmission of data without compromising QoS requirements of applications. We have addressed different routing protocol categories with range of QoS metrics to be achieved, to improve performance of WSNs applications.

Cloud computing is a perfect platform for executing complex applications in any kind of network. Dynamic resource scheduling for multi objective schedules has economic background process for fluctuating workloads. This paper takes care of multi objective resource provisioning scheme for handling multiple task classes for various workload facility. The work includes virtual optimization method for multiple workloads in cloud environment.

Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the general idea of a network of interconnected things or objects that are able to collect and exchange data irrespective of the communication means. In transportation, IoT applications can help to improve transport utilization and road safety. The proposed work introduces a complete framework that solves the urban vehicle parking problem. This work helps the end users to efficiently find nearby parking lots along with the available parking spaces with the aid of navigational directions. The system consists of smart phone applications, cloud services, sensing and communication technologies. The proposed work indirectly reduces the unnecessary traffic congestion and fuel wastage that inevitably crops up due to the use of vehicles that are increasing tremendously in present era.

Health checking framework is considered as present progressive methodology in cloud applications. It is useful in enhancing the social insurance administration in today's reality. It additionally represents a genuine danger on both customer's security and protected innovation of observing administration suppliers, which could stop the wide selection of versatile wellbeing innovation. This paper is to address the issue and outline a cloud helped security saving versatile wellbeing observing framework to ensure the protection of the included gatherings and their information. The outsourcing unscrambling strategy and a recently proposed key private intermediary re-encryption are adjusted to move the computational unpredictability of the included gatherings to the cloud without bargaining customers' protection and administration supplier's licensed innovation. At long last, our security and execution investigation exhibits the adequacy of our proposed plan.

Latest advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) have prompted numerous new steering conventions particularly intended for sensor systems. All of these steering conventions considered vitality proficiency as a definitive goal keeping in mind the end goal to boost the entire system lifetime. A keen home might be characterized as an all round planned structure with adequate access to resources, correspondence, controls, information, and data advancements for upgrading the tenants' personal satisfaction through solace, accommodation, decreased expenses, and expanded network. The thought has been generally recognized for quite a long time, yet few individuals have ever seen a shrewd home, less still have involved one.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of densely distributed sensor nodes with embedded low computational power CPU, limited storage and low power radios. WSNs are widely used to monitor environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, and vibration and pressure, in disaster relief, home monitoring etc. Sensors need to provide precise timely information in military and health applications. WSNs limited computational power and energy constraint restricts its use for smart application. Large storage and huge computational requirement of smart applications is satisfied by cloud computing paradigm. Energy efficient integration of WSN with Cloud, assist development of low cost processing and storage applications. We proposed need and various ways to integrate sensors to cloud highlighting use of computation offloading to improve performance.

Protection of network is the most challenging issue for preventing the harmful types of attacks and poses security issue in WSN along with information security application domains. Some of the architectures and guidelines are proposed to protect Wireless Sensor networks (WSN) against different attacks done by intruders. WSN has large variety of applications that includes mass public, military and so on. The sensors in WSN are deployed in such a way that, its sensing technology has processing power and wireless communication. Use of traffic analysis for detecting anomalies is one of most efficient and effective technique for detecting an intruder and preventing. In many applications of WSN, a critical issue is to protect the network of sensors from adversaries and malicious strong attacks. Here, we discuss, some advanced preventive security mechanisms and intrusion detection systems which play important role in detecting and preventing security attacks in WSN.

Sensors are widely in use because of low cost and multi functionality. Cognitive radio is nothing but intelligence in some form. Cognitive radio is a form of wireless communication in which a transceiver can detect the availability of channels. Wireless sensor networks are widely being deployed but some of the challenges that arise in wireless sensor network can be overcome by using cognitive radio abilities. When we integrate wireless sensor network with cognitive radio it becomes cognitive radio sensor network.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consists of large number of spatially distributed configurable sensors, to meet the requirements of industrial, military, precision agriculture and health monitoring applications with ease of implementation and maintenance cost. Transmission of data requires both energy and quality of service (QoS) aware routing to ensure efficient use of the sensors and effective access of the gathered information. Design of WSNs considering its issues is challenging task and leads to complex algorithm design which are difficult to analyze by analytical methods and by physical measurements. Deploying test-beds supposes a huge effort. In deed Computer aided simulation is the feasible approach for analysis of WSNs. We addressed different types of simulators along with their key features and their applicability for simulation in numerous application areas.

Wireless Sensor networks (WSN) is basically comprised of sensors that are spatially distributed with self-ruling capability, which monitors physical or environmental conditions such as, pressure, temperature, motion, sound and so on. Sensors also passes all the related information throughout the network. As the number of nodes and size of the network increases, there will be rapid increase in internet traffic. In WSN, security is the major issue and needs to a system that can provide security. Intrusion detection system is the system which plays a vital role in security of a system. One of the major challenges of WSN is to provide consistent Quality of Service (QoS) such as reliability, congestion control, energy efficiency and end-to-end delay, by applying secured routing protocols along with detection of an intruder so that QoS of WSN does not get affected. In our research work, we have discussed different routing protocols that are QoS based, to improve overall performance of the network.

Multiple data centers have to be combined together which are coming from different organizations for business needs. Using multi-tenancy support, many client tenants are used together in order to reduce the cost issues. The cloud service providers (CSP) consolidate all the capabilities in order to provide infinite service computing facility for business vendors. Multi-tenant environment allows complete utilization of hardware resources on Infrastructure as a Service and makes the maintenance to be much easier way in reduced cost efficient manner in business. The shared multi-tenancy feature allows the cloud providers to provide maximum resource utilization capabilities. Software as a Service enables applications as web based delivery system for multiple consumers during business transactions.

For any large scale cloud applications coming around large geographic distribution, the large requirements have to be evaluated by the developers. Simulation procedures are very much useful for the researchers during their research process. Their own algorithms can be tested in a cloud environment using any type of simulators. Therefore, the common toolsets have to be used for evaluation and modeling for large cloud applications. In this regard, common simulation tools are defined in this paper for large cloud environments which takes care of computing services and user workloads.

In today's technological era, WSNs has gained attention worldwide with its miniature size and low cost. Data transmission demands both energy and quality of service (QoS) to ensure efficient use of the sensors and adequate access to collecting information. Lot of research work in literature has been focused on QoS provisioning by differentiated service technique that differentiates and priorities different traffic classes to meet the user requirements. Our work toward scheduling based on packet type providing high priority to emergency data to facilitate reliable transmission of emergency data in critical situations. We proposed an approach for effective sensing by use of stochastic scheduling to increase the energy efficiency of sensor nodes for intracluster communication. The proposed technique in this work outperforms when compared with the existing protocol in the literature in terms of minimised energy consumption, delay and high throughput by offloading of the energy-intensive tasks.

Design of an intrusion detection system in the sensor network to improve the behavior of the network is the major challenge is theVariety of intrusion detection mechanisms are being used now a days, to provide security in Wireless Sensor networks (WSN). Since WSN works with set of tiny nodes called as sensor nodes, there are high chances of intrusions for malicious attacks. WSN is deployed in medium open to many users wherever possible. A multiple sensing environment of WSN consists of sensors which acts as agents called as multi agents system for detecting an intruder. Ant colony is an effective approach where each agent communicate with each other for updating the information of intruder to the colony administration. The multi agents based system is best phenomenon suitable for optimization of ant colony. In this approach, the ants form a colony where it goes for search continuously until an intruder is found and once searched, it returns back with the best shortest path available with path traces stored in its database for its future reference. An optimized multi agent approach using ant colony is proposed for detection of lightweight intruders for WSN to protect against harmful malicious attacks.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network with large number of tiny sensor devices which are of low cost, and minimum consumption of power called as sensor nodes. These type of nodes have great sensing technology which are specifically designed for applications such as military, smart homes and other security related areas. Due its wireless nature, network can be deployed anywhere in the environment, which becomes more vulnerable for attackers to destroy the network. Most importantly, WSN should be protected from malicious activities to take place and thus security becomes a major issue. However, such security can be provided by applying mechanisms for both intrusion detection and prevention. In our study, pattern matching is one of the mechanism that can be used for security of WSN. We also discuss some of the preventive measures that can be considered for protecting the sensor network.

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), sensor nodes are power constrained and have restricted lifetime. This necessitates understanding how much long the network prevails its networking operations as it is first concern of mission critical applications. In recent years, to increase network life, proper uses of routing protocols have been proposed. Soft-computing (SC) technique highly addresses their compatibility and adaptability to overcome the complex challenges in WSNs. This paper explores the usage of SC based methods in design of routing models for WSNs that optimizes network life time

Wireless Sensor Network formed by huge number sensors, used to detect the physical conditions and environmental conditions. These sensors have very small computing capability and less storage. This limits its use in medical health applications. Additional Storage capacity can be achieved by cloud computing. Cloud computing is one of the innovative paradigm which provides computing resources such as processing servers, more memory, and large storage, that can be provided virtually. These all resources are not present at the user's location but appear to be at current physical location. The objective of this work is to provide access to authorized user for retrieval of sensor information stored on cloud. Computation to validate authorized user is offloaded on remote server to increase lifetime of sensor battery and sensor node. Computation offloading helps to transfer heavy computation to resourceful server outside the computing environment of user, enhancing the performance of application using sensors.

Cloud computing technology is considered to be the top most strategic technology in today's world. This is the result made in the advancement in storage technology towards cloud computing. The world of cloud computing has become more and more advanced in the recent years. It has become more and more popular and powerful in gaining everyone's attention in the field axdbhof research and business as well. Advanced cryptographic techniques are proposed for performing security much stronger way. Therefore, people from different field especially for business in companies are relying on cloud storage. Auditability is considered as an important factor for securing the cloud environment to overcome the hacking issue. Data auditability has been designed for storing the cloud data. This paper discusses various data security algorithms for public cloud computing area.

The network of nodes with sensing technology and wireless capability is termed as Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). WSN has high potential to adapt to the changes of how we live. Its budding technology makes the motes communicate with each other efficiently. The sensor nodes in WSN are referred as motes and they form the main building blocks for creating a network. The motes need to work efficiently and thus we present performance metrics that includes power consumption, size, cost, memory management, mote sensitivity, and OS for motes configuration. Certain challenges and constraints are designed for each mote in terms of low cost, limited communicational capabilities and low energy requirements. Many applications of WSN use different types of motes such as TinyNode, IRIS and Sun SPOT which can improve the performance of the network.

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a distributed wireless network with highly dynamic topology. So, the nodes keep moving in and out of the network instantly and a path formed between two distant nodes through several intermediate nodes cannot be maintained for long duration of time. But, the availability of the link between any two nodes can be predicted up to the certain extent based on specific constraints such as the available bandwidth, available power and delay etc. Even then the guaranteed data delivery through the path cannot be made. Therefore, reliable multicast routing in MANET is very challenging problem. This paper proposed a multi-constrained reliable multicast routing protocol (MRMRP) using network coding. This technique initially builds the stable path between the desired distant for data transmission and then uses network coding for recovery of any packet that is lost during data transmission. We demonstrate through simulation results, that the proposed scheme shows its better performance compared to other methods. The simulation results show that the MRMRP increases the packet delivery ratio by reducing the packet drop ratio and control overhead as compared to multicast ad hoc on demand routing protocol (MAODV) and dynamic general coding Scheme (DGC).

Cloud computing is a latest expertise in information technology field in today's era. It allows online allocation of dynamic resources over internet through pay per use concept. Dynamic load balancing methods are generally used for distributing the workloads to different virtual machines evenly in cloud to avoid overload criteria. Optimized load balancers have to be used for smoother performance of work in cloud environment. The dynamic load balancers give high user satisfaction and maximum resource utilization ratio and hence achieve high performance and greater resource utilization of system. Dynamic allocation of applications makes the sessions to be transferred from one site to another as and when needed. This paper mainly focuses on various dynamic load balancing methods used for optimized resource management in cloud.

Reducing energy consumption and packet loss in-volves congestion control and load balancing in MANETs. Thus, this paper introduces an efficient routing technique called the multipath load balancing technique for congestion control (MLBCC) for MANETs to efficiently balance the load among multiple paths by reducing congestion. MLBCC introduces a congestion control mechanism and a load balancing mechanism during the data transmission process. The congestion control mechanism detects the congestion by using an arrival rate and an outgoing rate at a particular time interval T. The load balancing mechanism is the selection of a gateway node by using the link cost and the path cost to efficiently distribute the load by selecting the most desirable paths. For an efficient flow of distribution, a node availability degree standard deviation parameter is introduced. Simulation results, under the network simulator-2 (NS-2), show that MLBCC improves the performance of FLMB and AOMDV in terms of the control overhead, packet delivery ratio, average delay and packet drop ratio. In addition, the results show that MLBCC efficiently balances the load of the nodes in the network.

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that can communicate without any centralized administration or fixed infrastructure. Because of limited wireless link capabilities, nodes with heavy traffic will reduce their energy rapidly and increases the possibility of congestion and path disconnection. Hence, load balancing and congestion is necessary in MANET. Thus, this paper explores an efficient routing technique called multipath load balancing technique for congestion control (MLBCC) in MANETs to efficiently balance the load among the multiple paths by reducing congestion. The proposed protocol performs two major functions during the data transmission process, firstly, congestion detection by using an arrival rate and an outgoing rate at a particular time interval T. Secondly, selection of gateway node using link cost and the path cost to efficiently distribute the load by selecting the most desirable paths. For an efficient flow of distribution, a node availability degree standard deviation parameter is introduced. The results of our experiments show performance improvements in terms of average end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio and packet drop ratio in comparison with AOMDV and FMLB.