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Abstract Transmission of plant viruses by insect vectors is facilitated by unequivocal tri-partite interactions among host plants, viruses, and associated vectors. The advent of next-generation sequencing including whole genome sequencing, RNA/small RNA sequencing, proteomics, and metabolomics aided in elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in virus transmission by insect vectors and infection in host plants.

Background and Aims: Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) has conflicting evidence regarding outcomes in neurosurgical patients. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effect of GDFT and conventional fluid therapy on various perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Cochrane and preprint servers. The search was conducted up until 16 October 2023, following PROSPERO registration. The search strategy included terms related to GDFT, neurosurgery and perioperative outcomes. Only randomised controlled trials involving adult humans and comparing GDFT with standard/liberal/traditional/restricted fluid therapy were included. The studies were evaluated for risk of bias (RoB), and pooled estimates of the outcomes were measured in terms of risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD). Results: No statistically significant difference was observed in neurological outcomes between GDFT and conventional fluid therapy [RR with 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.10 (0.69, 1.75), two studies, 90 patients, low certainty of evidence using GRADEpro]. GDFT reduced postoperative complications [RR = 0.67 (0.54, 0.82), six studies, 392 participants] and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay [MD (95% CI) were -1.65 (-3.02, -0.28) and -0.94 (-1.47, -0.42), respectively] with high certainty of evidence. The pulmonary complications were significantly lower in the GDFT group [RR (95% CI) = 0.55 (0.38, 0.79), seven studies, 442 patients, high certainty of evidence]. Other outcomes, including total intraoperative fluids administered and blood loss, were comparable in GDFT and conventional therapy groups [MD (95% CI) were -303.87 (-912.56, 304.82) and -14.79 (-49.05, 19.46), respectively]. Conclusion: The perioperative GDFT did not influence the neurological outcome. The postoperative complications and hospital and ICU stay were significantly reduced in the GDFT group.

Introduction: Husband and wife as a couple are fully responsible for their current and future. In our society, the husband is mostly responsible for making the decision regarding any expenses. In India, there is a need to reduce the maternal mortality rate, and Husband’s involvement in antenatal care could be a key to success as it will enable them to support their partner in adequate preparation for birth and to utilize emergency obstetric care early if complications arise. Aim and Objectives: To find out about male involvement in the utilization of maternal healthcare services by their spouse and various factors affecting male involvement in the utilization of maternal healthcare services. Methods: This study was conducted in urban and rural field practice areas attached to the Department of Community Medicine, PGIMS, Rohtak. The study included 400 couples where 200 each were recruited from rural and urban areas. Out of 17 subcenters under CHC Chiri eight, subcenters were selected randomly by lottery method. A line list of these couples was prepared at each subcenter using ANC and birth register. Couples were enrolled from this line list till a sample size of 25 was reached at each of these eight subcenters. In this way, a total of 200 couples were enrolled from rural areas in which women delivered and availed maternal health services in the last 6 months. In urban areas, an equal number of couples were enrolled from each of these three urban health posts till the sample size of 200 was reached in an urban area. Results: The majority of the husbands (73%) reported that they participated in their wives’ utilization of maternal health services. Twenty-seven percent did not participate in their wives’ utilization of maternal health services. It also showed that 71.0% of the husbands did not know about the investigations that needed to be performed during a woman’s pregnancy. Only 29% were aware of it. On analysis, it was observed that 73% of the husbands had good participation in their spouses’ maternal and child health (MCH) care, while the rest had poor participation (27%). It also showed that as the education level of the participants’ husbands increased, their participation in their spouses’ MCH care increased, with the highest being observed among graduates (91.3%) and the lowest among those with primary schooling level education (66.7%) which were statistically significant.

Abstract The textile dyeing and manufacturing industry is the major producer of significant amounts of wastewater that contain persistent substances such as azo dyes that require adequate remediation measures. Far ultraviolet at 222 nm light may provide an advantage for contaminants degradation as compared to conventional UV sources (254 nm). In this paper, the degradation of reactive black 5 (RB5) in artificial wastewater has been performed using a 222 nm Kr/Cl2 excimer source under direct photolysis and an advanced oxidation process using TiO2/H2O2. The solution pH, catalyst concentration, 222 nm intensity, initial concentration of dye, and addition of H2O2 influence the degradation rate constant. The molar absorption coefficient, quantum yield of RB5 at 222 nm and the electrical energy per order (EEO) from different treatment methods have been reported. RB5 shows 1.26 times higher molar absorption at 222 nm than at 254 nm. The EEO for excimer-222/H2O2 ( $$\sim$$ ∼ 13 kWh/m3) is five times lower than that of the excimer-222/TiO2 process, which makes the process energy efficient. The degradation of wastewater has been carried out at three distinct pH values (2, 6, and 10), and the pH level of 10 exhibited the highest degree of degradation. The degradation rate in the alkaline medium is 8.27 and 2.05 times higher than in the acidic or ambient medium. Since textile effluent is highly alkaline, this result is significant, as no neutralization of the wastewater is required, and direct treatment is possible. A possible degradation pathway has been established based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) analysis. The phytotoxicity of the treated wastewater has also been evaluated for its suitability for reuse in agriculture. The study reveals that the excimer-222/H2O2 treated wastewater significantly enhanced the germination percentage of Raphanus sativus seed (97%) compared to dye wastewater-grown seeds (75%). This work offers crucial information for future studies on the direct and indirect photolysis of azo dyes, as well as insight into the process of RB5 degradation under Kr/Cl2 excimer radiation.

In the current study, tannic acid-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized using a cost-effective co-precipitation method and subsequently characterized using various instrumentation techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. Further, these surface-modified magnetite nanoparticles have been used for the adsorption of toluidine dye from an aqueous solution. The adsorption process was accompanied using batch procedure, and influences of several factors such as adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, temperature, and initial concentration of adsorbate were inspected concurrently. The maximum adsorption capacity of tannic acid-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles was found to be 50.68 mg/g. The adsorption process was observed to follow the Temkin isotherm model, whereas the kinetic study was well described by pseudo-second order. The thermodynamic study revealed the adsorption process to be endothermic and spontaneous in nature with a high degree of freedom between adsorbent and adsorbate. Therefore, the study indicated that the tannic acid-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles have promising adsorption capability and can be used as an excellent adsorbent for the removal of toluidine blue O dye from the aqueous solution. HIGHLIGHTS Tannic acid-tailored magnetite nanoparticles were employed as adsorbents for the removal of coloured pollutants from an aqueous solution.; Batch adsorption techniques were applied to scrutinize the adsorption behaviour of these magnetite nanoparticles.; The adsorption process obeys pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir model of isotherm.; The desorption study suggested the reusability of adsorbents.;

This work investigates the impact of a new geometry Atmospheric Cold-Plasma (ACP) system on mung bean (Vigna radiata) seed germination and seedling growth. Plasma is produced using a bipolar pulse power source, providing superior control of the generated species. A substantial increase in germination rates (86.67%–91.67%) and optimal seedling growth after 40 s of treatment is reported. The functional and morphological features have shown improvements. Plasma treatment significantly increases the specific surface area (7.695 m2/g) and total pore volume (0.007 cc/g) of the seeds compared to the control (2.214 m2/g and 0.001 cc/g, respectively), suggesting potential enhancements in water absorption and nutrient exchange. Radicle growth stimulation is also observed without alterations in the seed’s chemical structure. These findings highlight the potential of the ACP system for enhancing mung bean sprout germination and seedling development, which is helpful for agriculture applications.

Introduction To make motherhood safe and joyful for the mother and baby, Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPACR) is a globally accepted strategy. BPACR encourages pregnant women, their families, and communities to effectively plan for births and deal with emergencies, if they occur. BPACR improves preventive behaviours, improves knowledge of mothers about danger signs, and leads to improvement in care-seeking during obstetric emergencies. Objectives The study was undertaken to assess the status and determinants of BPACR among the women who had experienced motherhood recently. Methodology This cross-sectional study was carried out among recently delivered 141 postpartum mothers and admitted in our hospital during March 2023 to June 2023. A semi-structured interview schedule was used for data collection. Results Mean age of study participants were 25.64±3.85 years. BPACR index among 51.5% of study subjects ranged between 1-4 while for 48.9% of candidates it varied from 5-8. There was a significant association between educational status and occupation of study participants, education and occupation of spouse, socio-economic status of family, number of ANC visits, Td vaccination, IFA intake with BPACR status of study participants (p value

Background Ringer's lactate (RL) and 0.9% sodium chloride (NS) are used intraoperatively in pediatric surgical patients. The fluid of choice in pediatric neurosurgical patients is still under research. Hence, we compared NS and RL intraoperatively with a primary objective of measuring the absolute difference in serum chloride concentrations (ΔCl-) after surgery from baseline. Secondary objectives included changes in other electrolytes, osmolarity, pH, creatinine, brain relaxation score (BRS), and neurological outcome at discharge using a modified Rankin scale (mRS).

Abstract Ever-evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have diminished the effectiveness of therapeutic antibodies and vaccines. Developing a coronavirus vaccine that offers a greater breadth of protection against current and future VOCs would eliminate the need to reformulate COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we rationally engineer the sequence-conserved S2 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and characterize the resulting S2-only antigens. Structural studies demonstrate that the introduction of interprotomer disulfide bonds can lock S2 in prefusion trimers, although the apex samples a continuum of conformations between open and closed states. Immunization with prefusion-stabilized S2 constructs elicits broadly neutralizing responses against several sarbecoviruses and protects female BALB/c mice from mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 lethal challenge and partially protects female BALB/c mice from mouse-adapted SARS-CoV lethal challenge. These engineering and immunogenicity results should inform the development of next-generation pan-coronavirus therapeutics and vaccines.

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are frequently associated with an injury pattern that requires accurate diagnosis for developing the appropriate treatment plan. When children with special healthcare needs, i.e., Hemophilia experience TDIs, managing the situation becomes a challenging task for pediatric dentists due to the requirement of a multidisciplinary approach in their care. This case report highlights the successful management of extrusive luxation injury of a young permanent tooth with an open apex in an eight-year-old male child with severe Hemophilia A. After a follow-up of nine years, the pulp showed significant healing with physiological closure of the apical foramen. The study further emphasizes that timely management of such injuries can lead to improved tooth prognosis.

Background: Abdominal trauma is commonly encountered injury caused mainly due to road traffic accidents (RTA). The research aimed to study the cases of abdominal trauma, its different modes of presentation and correlation of radiological and clinical findings with operative findings in these patients. Material and methods: An observational study was conducted in a tertiary care institute. Hemodynamic instability and finding of shattered solid viscera on imaging and/or other injury requiring exploration were the criteria for surgical intervention. Radiological findings were then compared with the operative findings. In addition, clinical parameters were recorded till the patient was discharged and then analyzed. Results: A total of 62 patients presenting in Trauma Centre with an antecedent history of blunt abdominal trauma. Most common age group affected was 21-40 years and mean age was 30.4 + 11.56 years. Males were more affected and RTA was the most common mode of injury. Associated injuries included chest injuries (20.9%), limb fracture (19.35%) and soft tissue injuries (4.83%). Twenty patients were operated and rest of patients were managed conservatively. Sensitivity of USG in detecting liver and splenic injuries was 100% and specificity was 92.3% and 92.8% respectively. Sensitivity of CT for detecting injury to liver, spleen, renal, pancreas and small bowel was 100%, 83.3%, 100%, 100% and 83.3% and specificity was 100% in all injuries. Mortality rate in our study was 4.83%. Conclusion: High degree of suspicion and prompt screening by radiological investigations of patients should be done to rule out intraabdominal injury. Necessary investigations and early surgery whenever required is the key to management of blunt trauma patients

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the most severe clinical condition of coronary artery disease, and early reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium is the most important and standardized treatment for it. Unfortunately, reperfusion also leads to myocardial reperfusion injury (RI). Photobiomodulation/laser therapy has been found to be effective in limiting myocardial RI in a number of animal studies. This study aims to assess the feasibility and cardio-protective effects of Class IV laser therapy among patients with ACS who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). Methods: Twelve patients with ACS who underwent pPCI, having a mean age of 56.08 ± 7.03, were recruited and randomly divided into two groups. Participants in the experimental group were irradiated with Class IV laser immediately within 30 min of pPCI, and for the next 2 consecutive days, whereas in the sham control group, laser probe was placed but not irradiated. The outcome measures troponin I was assessed immediately after pPCI before first intervention (T1), after 10 h (T2), and on 3rd day after intervention (T3), whereas left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed on 1st and 3rd days. Results: No adverse effect was reported in any of the patients. Increase in the level of troponin I from T1 to T2 in the experimental group was less as compared to the sham control group, which was statistically significant (P = 0.02), and no statistically significant difference was observed in LVEF. Conclusion: Class IV laser therapy is a feasible, safe, and effective therapy that can be used as an adjunct to pPCI in limiting myocardial RI.