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Variations in High Performance Computing (HPC) system software configurations mean that applications are typically configured and built for specific HPC environments. Building applications can require a significant investment of time and effort for application users and requires application users to have additional technical knowledge. Linux container technologies such as Docker and Charliecloud bring great benefits to the application development, build and deployment processes. While cloud platforms already widely support containers, HPC systems still have non-uniform support of container technologies. In this work, we propose a unified runtime framework – Build and Execution Environment (BEE) across both HPC and cloud platforms that allows users to run their containerized HPC applications across all supported platforms without modification. We design four BEE backends for four different classes of HPC or cloud platform so that together they cover the majority of mainstream computing platforms for HPC users. Evaluations show that BEE provides an easy-to-use unified user interface, execution environment, and comparable performance.

While previous studies have debated the extent to which Sarah Scott’s Millenium Hall values the disabled, this article argues that the novel’s treatment of disability cannot be separated from its treatment of gender and old age. Operating at the nexus of disability studies and aging studies, this article situates Scott’s novel as a key text in the history of disability. Writing in a century that was fascinated by the vagaries of human aging, Scott radically revises her culture’s principal assumptions about female old age. Whereas other eighteenth-century authors cast female aging as a process of undesirable deformation, Scott suggests that old age and disability benefit her heroines by bringing them into contact with the timeless realm of the divine. The novel therefore enriches our understanding of disability in the eighteenth century and beyond, demonstrating the powerful ways in which disability, gender, and temporality intersect.

A powerful strategy to obtain complex supramolecular materials is the bottom-up construction of noncovalently bound materials by hierarchical self-assembly. This assembly process involves stepwise, uniform increases to the architectural complexity of a substrate, starting from discrete precursors and growing in dimensionality through controlled reactivity to a final product. Herein, two orthogonal processes are exploited: coordination-driven self-assembly and hydrogen bonding. The former relies on the predictable formation of metal–ligand bonds wherein the directionalities of the rigid precursors used determines the structural outcome. The latter uses 2-ureido-4-pyrimidinone interfaces that are structurally robust by virtue of the quadruple hydrogen bonding that can occur between subunits. By combining these two processes into a single system, it is possible to generate hierarchical materials that preserve the attractive tunability associated with discrete supramolecular coordination complexes. For instance, the synthesis of a one-dimensional chain comprising linked metalla-rhomboids is readily adapted to a 2D cross-linked hexagonal network by simply selecting a different metal acceptor precursor as an assembly component. The specific interactions between subunits, in this case platinum(II)-pyridyl bonds and the quadruple H-bonding of ureidopyrimidinone, are unchanged, establishing a unique strategy to obtain supramolecular polymers with marked topological differences with minimal synthetic redesign. In addition, the structural rigidity imposed by the inclusion of the platinum metallacycles serves to minimize the formation of cyclic oligomers, increasing the efficacy of formation and improving the properties of the resultant materials. Furthermore, this study taps the potential of organoplatinum(II) metallacycles in materials science.

In Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa , the eponymous heroine speaks from the dead. Her posthumous texts transcend the strictures of linear time and signal her commitment to a traditional Christian conception of temporality. By delineating that commitment, and by analyzing her posthumous texts in light of anthropological studies of material culture, this essay demonstrates that Clarissa remains dedicated to reforming the present world even after she enters divine eternity. The essay revises previous evaluations of Clarissa’s death that claim she is silenced in the grave. Ultimately, Clarissa reveals itself to be less hostile to the material world than is commonly assumed.

The paper describes an elastic–plastic finite element (EPFE) analysis of line contact between a cylinder and rigid plane using commercial software. The range of loading demonstrates the transition from purely elastic to fully plastic contact behaviour, revealing the residual deformations and stress fields upon unloading. A multiple contact configuration was analysed in the form of sinusoidal roughness. Results obtained under elastic conditions were validated by comparison with theoretical solutions. This model was extended by replacing the sinusoidal surface with a real roughness profile. Modelling multiple contacts indicates the influence of adjacent surface “asperities” on contact pressure and residual stress distributions.

Cardiff University students have used the freedom of the Formula Student rules to create an innovative chassis that combines a high performance with an efficient manufacturing process. All aluminium sandwich panels were pre-cut using computer numerical control routing, which is a rapid low-cost operation that produced highly accurate results. Assembling the monocoque consisted of folding and bonding panels along pre-routed lines and reinforcing the relevant joints. This required no specialist tools or equipment and was a rapid non-labour-intensive operation. The key design features, the manufacturing techniques, and the results of experimental and computational performance testing are presented here. This chassis construction technique is the result of research and development for seven years over six generations of Formula Student race cars.

B-cell regulator of immunoglobulin heavy chain transcription (Bright)/ARID3a, an A+T-rich interaction domain protein, was originally discovered in B lymphocyte lineage cells. However, expression patterns and high lethality levels in knockout mice suggested that it had additional functions. Three independent lines of evidence show that functional inhibition of Bright results in increased developmental plasticity. Bright-deficient cells from two mouse models expressed a number of pluripotency-associated gene products, expanded indefinitely, and spontaneously differentiated into cells of multiple lineages. Furthermore, direct knockdown of human Bright resulted in colonies capable of expressing multiple lineage markers. These data suggest that repression of this single molecule confers adult somatic cells with new developmental options.

The field of bone densitometry has grown rapidly, particularly in the past 15 years. Many techniques are now available from which the physician may choose. The focus of this research is on Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT). The basic principle involving DXA is the ability to quantify the degree of attenuation of an energy beam after passage through bone and soft tissue. The X-ray tubes used with DXA narrow the energy beam to produce two distinct photoelectric peaks necessary to separate bone from soft tissue. Although QCT is a photon absorptiometric technique like DXA, it is unique in that it provides a three-dimensional image, which makes possible a direct measurement of density, and a spatial separation of trabecular from cortical bone. In this paper, a rabbit and pig femur were scanned using a DXA and QCT scanner. The purpose was to achieve matching results in g/cm from each scanner. Similar sections of interest were taken during each scan for calculation. The QCT grayscale values were then put into a series of formulas to replicate DXA results.

Antiquity through Parhae With the twenty-first century before him, Takeda Yukio has reviewed re search on Korean history in Japan from its beginnings. While providing a retro spec five on research trends in South Korea and North Korea, he criticizes the framework of "Korean history," which projects the nation-state perspective onto history, and facile interpretations of sources. As a perspective onto future research, he emphasizes respect for scientific research methodology and its autonomy.1 His comments are important as guides that subsequent studies should follow. The question of how we are to free ourselves from the framework of nation-state his tory remains among the important issues to be overcome. Takeda's Chosenshi is a revised edition of a volume he wrote for a series of national histories. In the "Preface" the historical limitations of this framework are problematized, mak ing us think that "general histories" cannot stand as such.2 As an attempt to be free from the fetters of the nation-state perspective on history, from early on, there has been the "theory of an East Asian world." In Kodai Higashi Ajia sekai to Nihon, Yi Songsi compiled various papers by Nishijima Sadao, who posed this historiographical approach.3 In his analysis of Nishijima's research as well as in his own Higashi Ajia bunkaken no keisei, Yi untangles the process by which Nishijima established this argument and its the oretical structure and reexamines the argument's significance. He contends that the "theory of an East Asian world" reflects realistic issues of the time during which it was conceived. Further, in considering a framework that will transcend the nation-state perspective on history, a more effective framework based upon contemporary issues and recognizing that the history and culture of "East Asia" must be forged.4 If we keep these debates in mind, as has been indicated for some time

Shigaku zasshi, the leading history journal in Japan, devotes its fifth issue every year to reviews of historical scholarship published in Japan during the previous year. The re-views for Korean history are written by specialists and introduce and direct readers to publications in many fields, including archaeology, economic history, and social history. Information in parentheses was parenthetical in the original Japanese. Information inside square brackets has been supplied by the translators.

Shigaku zasshi, the leading history journal in Japan, devotes its fifth issue every year to reviews of historical scholarship published in Japan during the previous year. The reviews for Korean history are written by specialists and introduce and direct readers to publications in many fields, including archaeology, economic history, and social history. Information inside parentheses was parenthetical in the original Japanese. Information inside square brackets has been supplied by the translators. Antiquity A topic of current concern to historians is the reexamination of the nation-state historical framework, a framework constructed in the modern period. Yi So ˘ ngsi’s book, Ethnic Groups and States in Ancient East Asia, in which Yi consciously pursues this issue, is the most important publication of the past year.1 The book’s detailed contents I will leave to reviews, but, in short, Yi argues that the founding of the Lelang Commandery is the origin of the ‘‘civilizing’’ of the so-called eastern barbarians and that

Introduction Recent initiatives have resulted in guidelines for the assessment of cognitive function in specific clinical populations including the MATRICS consensus cognitive test battery for schizophrenia and the EMEA guideline on medicinal products for the treatment of Alzheimer s disease and other dementias. There are a number of common criteria that emerge, including assessment of cognition at the level of individual cognitive domains; validation; utility; utility as a repeated measure; and data allowing interpretation of results and understanding of the clinical relevance (i.e., normative/relationship to functional outcomes). It is apparent that such common criteria could usefully be applied to cognitive function assessment in all clinical populations. The publication of normative data is of use in the interpretation of clinical trials data. Methods Five-hundred and seventy (570) patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy, aged 12–75 years, from 21 countries within Europe, Latin America, and Australasia, not previously exposed to AEDs, were recruited to a clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of remacemide versus carbamazepine. Patients completed a 30 minute cognitive test battery comprised of the CDR System; Rey auditory verbal learning test; color-word Stroop test; symbol digit modalities test; Lafayette grooved pegboard; digit cancellation test; and the non-verbal matrices subtest of the Kaufman brief intelligence test. Normative data in treatment-naive patients across the studied age range were generated. Results Assessments showed a common relationship with age, with those patients in the younger adult age cohorts tending to perform better on all measures than older patients and also than the youngest age cohort patients. Conclusions These data may be useful in the analysis and interpretation of cognitive assessment data from clinical trials of AEDs and/or studies in similar patient populations. Financial disclosure This study was sponsored by AstraZeneca. None of the authors has a financial relationship with the sponsor.

Shigaku zasshi , the leading history journal in Japan, devotes its fifth issue every year to historiography reviews of scholarship published in Japan over the previous year on various national and regional histories. The reviews for Korean history are written by specialists and introduce and direct readers to publications in many fields, including archaeology, economic history, and social history. The summaries are not as lengthy as those prepared for Japanese and Chinese histories, but a glance at those written since 1949 shows the growth of Korean history studies in Japan, the emergence of successive generations of scholars, the breadth of topics being investigated, and the diversity of methodologies and interpretations.1 Information inside parentheses was parenthetical in the original Japanese. Information inside square brackets has been supplied by the translators.

Outlines a plan for state funding that leaves local control on educational matters. (IRT)

Since pioneering work in the early 1990s, supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) have attracted attention from researchers because complex, discrete systems can readily be self-assembled from highly symmetric, complementary molecular subunits that display a high-level of modularity and fidelity. Classically, in the Stang lab, SCCs are synthesized using bis(phosphine) platinum(II) metal nodes and rigid, pyridyl-based organic ligands. Flexible SCCs, however, are very rare and are attractive for host-guest applications due to their fluid cavity sizes and shapes that can autonomously adapt to specific substrates. Utilizing a recently developed methodology for constructing multicomponent SCCs that exploits the electronic nature of the coordinating ligands and platinum metal center, a series of 2D and 3D flexible SCCs was synthesized using alkylbased dicarboxylic acid and pyridyl-based subunits. Moreover, insight into the thermodynamic preference for the coordination motif was explored using computational methods, which was determined to originate from orbital effects in conjunction with shape complementarily and electrostatic effects. Platinum-based SCCs have been proposed for photon emitting applications due to the assumed preservation of the unique and attractive photophysical properties of known mononuclear platinum complexes. However, reports on the photophysical properties of platinum-based SCCs are rare, which severely limits their utility. Platinum-based SCCs that display low-energy optical transitions, have high quantum yields, and are readily tunable need to be developed if they are to fulfill this purpose. Using aniline-based core scaffolds, a series of SCCs that emit above 500 nm with quantum yields greater than 20% was synthesized. Utilizing computational methods, the nature of the observed optical transitions were determined to arise from n-type molecular orbitals that are ligand centered with modest contributions from the metal center. By functionalizing the periphery of the aniline-based core scaffolds, a series of rhomboidal-shaped SCCs was synthesized that emit from 500 to 600 nm. The low-energy absorption and emission band of the series was determined to be tunable in a predictive manner by altering the Hammett sigma constants of the peripheral functional group. This dissertation describes our investigations into bis(phosphine) platinum(II) SCCs. In particular, a novel series of flexible SCCs was synthesized and the construction method was probed via molecular modeling. Then, a series of highly emissive endohedral functionalized SCCs is described, characterized, and investigated via computational methods. Model complexes were synthesized to further investigate the nature of the observed photophysical properties for the endohedral functionalized SCCs, culminating with a series of SCCs that displayed facile tunability in a predictive manner with emission profiles spanning the visible spectral window.

A historical survey of military-related research. (PG)

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy statement “Identifying Infants and Young Children With Developmental Disorders: An Algorithm for Developmental Surveillance and Screening” (published in the July issue of Pediatrics ) highlights the importance of ongoing developmental surveillance of all children during preventive care visits.1 Early identification of and intervention for developmental problems improves developmental outcomes and allays parental anxiety.2,3 This is particularly critical in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), who may demonstrate significant developmental gains with early intervention.4,5 Although the average age of diagnosis of ASDs has decreased,6 many children still do not receive a definitive diagnosis of autism until the age of 3½ to 4 years or later.7,8 The policy statement recommends surveillance for developmental problems at all well-child preventive care visits and routine screening with a general screening tool at the 9-, 18-, and 30-month visits, plus screening with an autism-specific tool at the age of 18 months. Although we commend the statement for … Address correspondence to Vidya Bhushan Gupta, MD, 32 Sunset Rd, Demarest, NJ 07627. E-mail: bhushan07627{at}yahoo.com

It has become increasingly clear that the investigation of vascular development is best considered in the context of a whole tissue environment since in vivo endothelial cells interact closely with other cell types. Murine embryoid bodies have been used as a model for the early development of a vascular network and are amenable to genetic manipulation and treatment with soluble modulators. However, quantifying morphological changes in these complex three-dimensional structures is challenging. In this paper we describe protocols to culture embryoid bodies on a large scale to study vascular development together with methods to quantify changes seen when antiangiogenic agents or endothelial cell-specific transgenes are introduced.