469 results on '"J. S. Mackay"'
Search Results
52. Monthly Report Number 6, 1-31 March 1956
- Author
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J. S. Mackay, R. Kocis, S. B. Smith, B. B. Cooper, and D. J. Griffiths
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Chemical Warfare Agents ,Engineering ,Waste management ,business.industry ,Environmental engineering ,business - Published
- 1956
53. Intermittent corticotrophin treatment: ventilatory tests in asthmatic subjects
- Author
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B. Sheridan, J. S. Mackay, J. A. Weaver, and R. C. Lowry
- Subjects
Spirometry ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,endocrine system ,Hydrocortisone ,Adrenocorticotropic hormone ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ,Internal medicine ,Adrenal Glands ,medicine ,Humans ,Respiratory function ,General Environmental Science ,Asthma ,Aged ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,General Medicine ,Papers and Originals ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Respiratory Function Tests ,Plasma cortisol ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Anesthesia ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Female ,business ,Histamine ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Ventilatory tests (F.E.V.(1)/F.V.C.) have been studied in 16 asthmatic subjects during intermittent administration of corticotrophin, and the responses correlated with the plasma cortisol levels. The improvement in respiratory function was found to last for a longer period than the enhanced adrenocortical activity.
- Published
- 1969
54. Force waveform generation and recording lateral movement of teeth
- Author
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C. S. C. Lear and J. S. Mackay
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Continuous registration ,business.industry ,Acoustics ,Respiration ,General Engineering ,Biomedical Engineering ,food and beverages ,Orthodontics ,Human physiology ,Lateral movement ,Computer Science Applications ,Optics ,Waveform ,Humans ,Displacement (orthopedic surgery) ,Tooth Mobility ,business ,Pulse ,Geology ,Monitoring, Physiologic - Abstract
A system is described for applying lateral forces to human teeth. The force patterns can reproduce those previously observed during any type of routine buccolingual activity. The technique permits continuous registration of the displacement patterns of teeth relative to surrounding intraoral structures. Threshold levels for the force/duration/displacement relationship have been examined, but summation, recovery, fatigue and maximal-displacement phenomena can also be recorded.
- Published
- 1972
55. Proceedings: Blood diazepam levels: preliminary results
- Author
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J A, Gamble, J S, MacKay, and J W, Dundee
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Diazepam ,Administration, Oral ,Humans ,Injections, Intramuscular - Published
- 1973
56. The incidence of plasma insulin, blood sugar and serum lipid abnormalities in patients with atherosclerotic disease
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B. Sheridan, J. S. Mackay, and J. M. Sloan
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Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Arteriosclerosis ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Blood lipids ,Blood sugar ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Obesity ,Triglycerides ,Triglyceride ,Vascular disease ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Fasting ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,Intermittent Claudication ,medicine.disease ,Lipids ,Peripheral ,Endocrinology ,Cholesterol ,chemistry ,Female ,Abnormality ,business - Abstract
The incidence of abnormalities of fasting serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and blood sugar and plasma insulin response to an oral glucose load have been investigated in a group of 51 male patients with atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease. These have been compared with an age and sex matched group of 47 healthy controls. Both groups showed a similar degree of obesity. The most common single abnormality was a prolonged and increased plasma insulin response, which was much more frequently seen among patients than controls. Over 75% of the patients showed abnormality of blood sugar or insulin response. Elevation of fasting levels of serum lipids was considerably less common, although the mean serum cholesterol level of the patients was significantly higher than that of the controls. The relevance of these results is discussed.
- Published
- 1971
57. Cathedral mountain debris flows, Canada : Jackson, L E; Hungr, O; Gardner, J S; Mackay, C Int Assoc Engng Geol BullN40, Oct 1989, P35–54
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
58. Greek Geometers Before Euclid
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
General Mathematics ,Philosophy ,Infinitesimal ,Calculus ,Motion (geometry) ,Multiplicity (mathematics) ,Zeno's paradoxes - Abstract
Pythagoras was born in Samos about 580 B.C. The statements regarding his masters are destitute of solid historical foundation, and so are the accounts of his travels. It is known, however, that he visited Egypt. He may have taught in Samos, but whether he did not obtain sufficient consideration among his fellow-citizens, or whether he wished to withdraw from the tyranny of Polycrates, he removed to Croton about 540 B.C. There he founded an association, less scientific than politico-religious, which eventually became the nucleus of the aristocratic party.
- Published
- 1895
59. The Theorem of Pythagoras
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Mathematical proof ,Classics ,Dozen ,Mathematics - Abstract
Here is a pendant to Dr Gibson's beautiful dissection of the three squares. I am pretty sure that his proof is new to the world, but I am not sure that mine s so. There are about fifty proofs, differing more or less from each ither, but there are only some half a dozen worth remembering oreaching. The proof I submit (not one of the half dozen) was levised in 1859, when I was a young student in St Andrews, and b may probably have been given long before that date.
- Published
- 1909
60. Whewell's Puzzle
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Factorial ,ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING ,Append ,Arithmetic ,Mathematics - Abstract
Mr J. F. Cameron of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, has suggested the use of factorial functions such as or n! to solve Whewell's problem. I had excluded them as beyond the bounds of ordinary arithmetic. I append half a score of my attempts with the factorials; they could be easily increased.
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- 1913
61. The Triangle and its Six Scribed Circles
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J. S. Mackay
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Mathematical society ,General Mathematics ,Media studies ,Volume (computing) ,Session (computer science) ,Sociology - Abstract
When the Edinburgh Mathematical Society was founded, it was deemed impracticable, from the expense that would be involved, to print the papers read at its meetings. It was, however, resolved that copies of them should be deposited with the Secretary, and that these copies should as far as possible be made accessible to the members of the Society. Want of leisure during the first session prevented me from doing my part in carrying out this intention of the Society, and committing to writing the paper which was delivered at the second meeting. During its second session, the Society resolved to print its proceedings in whole or in abstract; and a beginning was made with the second volume, the first being left over for future consideration, as the cost of printing absorbed nearly the entire income of the Society.
- Published
- 1883
62. On the Divisibility of certain Numbers
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,General Mathematics ,Divisibility rule ,Mathematics - Abstract
Of the following properties the first two are obvious; the third was communicated to the Royal Society of London by the Rev. Dr James Booth* in 1854; the others, obtained many years ago, have not as far as I know been remarked. They seem to be more curious than useful.
- Published
- 1885
63. Geometry of the Rule
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Physics ,General Mathematics ,Geometry - Published
- 1884
64. Isogonic Centres of a Triangle
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,General Mathematics ,Equilateral triangle ,Mathematics - Abstract
If on the sides of a triangle ABC equilateral triangles LBC MCA NAB be described externally, AL BM CN are equal and concurrent.
- Published
- 1896
65. Properties of the figure consisting of a triangle, and the squares described on its sides
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
General Mathematics ,Isosceles triangle ,Geometry ,Mathematics - Published
- 1887
66. The geometrography of Euclid's problems
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Computer science ,General Mathematics ,Geometrography ,Mathematical economics ,Term (time) - Abstract
The term Geometrography is new to mathematical science, and it may be defined, in the words of its inventor, as “the art of geometrical constructions.”
- Published
- 1893
67. Herbert Spencer and Mathematics
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
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Psychoanalysis ,General Mathematics ,Philosophy - Published
- 1906
68. A Trigonometrical Note
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
General Mathematics - Published
- 1886
69. Formulae connected with the Radii of the Incircle and the Excircles of a Triangle
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,Altitude (triangle) ,Mathematical society ,General Mathematics ,Notation ,Right triangle ,Mathematics ,Volume (compression) ,Incircle and excircles of a triangle - Abstract
The notation employed in the following pages is that recommended in a paper of mine on “The Triangle and its Six Scribed Circles”* printed in the first volume of the Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society. It may be convenient to repeat all that is necessary for the present purpose.
- Published
- 1894
70. Some new Properties of the Triangle
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,General Mathematics ,Equilateral triangle ,Mathematics - Published
- 1889
71. Adams's Hexagons and Circles
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,General Mathematics ,Mathematics - Abstract
In triangle ABC, AD, BE, CF are concurrent at O; through O parallels are drawn to EF, FD, DE, meeting the sides of ABC in L, M, P, Q, S, T, and the sides of DEF in L′, M′, P′, Q′, S′, T′. The two hexagons LMPQST, L′M′P′Q′S′T′ thus formed have the following properties: (1) The sides L′M′, P′Q′, S′T′ of the latter are parallel to the sides of ABC.
- Published
- 1892
72. Isogonals of a Triangle
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,symbols.namesake ,Altitude (triangle) ,Medial triangle ,General Mathematics ,Isosceles triangle ,symbols ,Euler line ,Nine-point circle ,Right triangle ,Integer triangle ,Mathematics ,Incircle and excircles of a triangle - Published
- 1894
73. Note on the Theorems of Menelaus and Ceva
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry ,Mathematics::General Mathematics ,General Mathematics ,Transversal (combinatorics) ,Computer Science::Programming Languages ,Statistics::Computation ,Mathematics - Abstract
Menelaus's theorem is If a transversal DEF cut the sides of triangle ABC at the points D B F, then and conversely.
- Published
- 1901
74. Properties connected with the Angular Bisectors of a Triangle
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,Cevian ,Mathematical society ,Concurrent lines ,Computer science ,General Mathematics ,Isosceles triangle ,Notation ,Right triangle ,Course (navigation) ,Incircle and excircles of a triangle - Abstract
When points and lines are not specifically designated in the course of the following pages it will be understood that the notation for them is that recommended in the Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society , Vol. I. pp. 6–11 (1894). It may be convenient to repeat all that is necessary for the present purpose.
- Published
- 1894
75. The Circles associated with the Triangle, viewed from their Centres of Similitude
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,General Mathematics ,Five circles theorem ,Centroid ,Circumscribed circle ,Similitude ,Inscribed figure ,Mathematics ,Incircle and excircles of a triangle - Abstract
The notation adopted in this paper for the triangle ABC is: G the centroid. I the centre of the inscribed circle. I 1 , I 2 , I 3 the centres of the escribed circles within angles A, B, C. O the centre of the circumscribed circle. D, E, F; D 1 , E 1 , F l ; D 2 , E 2 , F 2 ; D 3 , E 3 , F 3 the points of contact of the inscribed and escribed circles with BC, CA, AB. The Ds lie all on BC, the Es on CA, and the Fs on AB. H, K, L the mid points of BC, CA, AB. X, Y, Z the feet of the perpendiculars from A, B, C, on BC, CA, AB. A′, B′, C′ the vertices, opposite to A, B, C, of the triangle formed by drawing through A, B, C parallels to BC, CA, AB.
- Published
- 1883
76. Similitude and Inversion
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Inversion (linguistics) ,General Mathematics ,Calculus ,Arithmetic function ,Multiplication ,Division (mathematics) ,Value (mathematics) ,Similitude ,Mathematics - Abstract
The following paper contains little that can be regarded as new mathematical information. It aims only at showing, or rather at emphasising, the correspondence which exists between two geometrical theories which are related to each other in the same way as the arithmetical theories of multiplication and division. Such value, therefore, as it possesses is primarily pedagogical.
- Published
- 1887
77. Pappus on the Progressions
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,General Mathematics ,Pappus ,Mathematics - Published
- 1887
78. History of a theorem in Elementary Geometry
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Pure mathematics ,Fundamental theorem ,General Mathematics ,Elementary geometry ,Base (topology) ,Combinatorics ,TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY ,Isosceles triangle ,Ordered geometry ,Foundations of geometry ,Synthetic geometry ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS ,Projective geometry ,Mathematics - Abstract
The theorem is If the straight lines bisecting the angles at the base of a triangle and terminated by the opposite sides be equal, the triangle is isosceles. This theorem was in the year 1840 communicated by Professor Lehmus of Berlin to Jacob Steiner with a request for a pure geometrical proof of it. The request was complied with at the time, but Steiner's proof was not published till some years later.
- Published
- 1901
79. Plane Geometry, Practical and Theoretical. Congruent and Equivalent Figures
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Physics ,General Mathematics ,Geometry - Published
- 1905
80. Symmedians of a Triangle and their concomitant Circles
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,Median ,General Mathematics ,Concomitant ,Mathematics - Abstract
Definition. The isogonals of the medians of a triangle are called the symmediansIf the internal medians be taken, their isogonals are called the internal symmedians or the insymmedians; if the external medians be taken, their isogonals are called the external symmedians, or the exsymmedians
- Published
- 1895
81. Historical notes on a geometrical problem and theorem
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Combinatorics ,Discrete mathematics ,Fundamental theorem ,General Mathematics ,General problem ,Base (topology) ,Mathematics - Abstract
The problem is Between two sides of a triangle to inflect a straight line which shall be equal to each of the segments of the sides between it and the base. This problem was brought before the Society at the January meeting in 1884, and a solution of it by Mr James Edward will be found in our Proceedings , Vol. II, pp. 5–6, a second by myself in Vol. II., p. 27 (10th April 1884), a third by Mr R. J. Dallas in Vol. III., pp. 41–2 (9th January 1885). Solutions of a slightly more general problem were also given by myself in Vol. III., pp. 40–1, and reference made to the Educational Times , Vol. 37, p. 328 (1st October 1884), and to Vuibert's Journal de Mathematiques Elementaires , 9 e annee, p. 45 (15th December 1884).
- Published
- 1889
82. Early History of the Symmedian Point
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Point (typography) ,General Mathematics ,Plane (esotericism) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Memoir ,Pity ,Art history ,Art ,Symmedian ,Sketch ,media_common - Abstract
In 1873, at the Lyons meeting of the French Association for the Advancement of the Sciences, Monsieur Emile Lemoine called attention to a particular point within a plane triangle which he called the centre of antiparallel medians. Since that time the properties of this remarkable point and of the lines and circles connected with it have been investigated by various writers, foremost among whom is Monsieur Lemoine himself. The results obtained by them are so numerous (indeed every month adds to their number) and so widely scattered through the mathematical periodicals of the world that it would be a task of considerable magnitude to make even an undigested collection of them. It is the purpose of the present paper to state those properties of the point which had been discovered previously to 1873. A short sketch of some of them will be found at the end of a memoir read by Monsieur Lemoine at the Grenoble meeting (1885) of the French Association, and in a memoir by Monsieur Emile Vigarie at the Paris meeting (1889) of the same Association. The references given by Dr Emmerich in his Die Brocardschen Gebilde (1891) are very valuable. It is a pity they are not more explicit.
- Published
- 1892
83. Geometrical problem
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
General Mathematics - Published
- 1883
84. 6. On a proof of XI. 4
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
General Mathematics - Published
- 1894
85. Bibliography of the Envelope of the Wallace Line (the three-cusped Hypocycloid)
- Author
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J. S. Mackay
- Subjects
Physics ,General Mathematics ,Bibliography ,Geometry ,Hypocycloid ,Wallace Line ,Envelope (waves) - Published
- 1904
86. Correlates of physical activity levels, muscle strength, working memory, and cognitive function in older adults.
- Author
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Shufan Li, Peng Wang, Zhidong Cai, Wanting Jiang, Xin Xin, Xing Wang, and Xiaojing Zhou
- Subjects
COGNITION disorders ,RESEARCH ,GRIP strength ,CROSS-sectional method ,ONE-way analysis of variance ,TASK performance ,REGRESSION analysis ,PHYSICAL activity ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,T-test (Statistics) ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,SURVEYS ,MUSCLE strength ,SHORT-term memory ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,STATISTICAL correlation ,DATA analysis software ,COGNITION in old age ,OLD age - Abstract
Objective: To explore the relationship between physical activity level, muscle strength, working memory and cognitive function in older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was employed to recruit 120 older adults individuals aged 70 and above. Participants were asked to complete the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale. Data on variables such as grip strength and performance on the N-back task were collected. Data analysis involved the use of independent samples t-tests, χ² tests, linear regression analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The detection rate of cognitive dysfunction in older adults was 53.211%; 1-back correct rate had an explanatory power of 11.6% for the cognitive function scores of older adults (R² = 0.116, p < 0.001); grip strength showed a significant positive correlation with 1-back correct rate (r = 0.417, p < 0.001), and was significantly correlated with the 0-back response time (r = −0.478), 1 -back response time (r = −0.441) were significantly negatively correlated (p < 0.001); physical activity level was significantly positively correlated with grip strength (r = 0.559, p < 0.001), and the difference in grip strength among older adults with different physical activity levels was statistically significant (F = 19.685, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Physical activity level, muscle strength, working memory, and cognitive function are closely related in older adults, and the relational pathway of physical activity → muscle strength → working memory → cognitive function may serve as a useful addition to promote the field of cognitive research in older adults. To identify and prevent cognitive decline in older adults, physical activity questionnaires, grip strength tests, and 1-back task tests can be extended to nursing homes and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
87. Editorial: Tubulinopathies: fundamental and clinical challenges.
- Author
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Sferra, Antonella, Bertini, Enrico, and Haase, Georg
- Subjects
AXONAL transport ,FAMILIAL spastic paraplegia - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
88. Phylogeography of a widespread Australian freshwater fish, western carp gudgeon (Eleotridae: Hypseleotris klunzingeri): Cryptic species, hybrid zones, and strong intra‐specific divergences.
- Author
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Unmack, Peter J., Cook, Benjamin D., Johnson, Jerald B., Hammer, Michael P., and Adams, Mark
- Subjects
HYBRID zones ,GOBIIDAE ,HISTORY of biology ,SPECIES ,PHYLOGEOGRAPHY ,FRESHWATER fishes ,CARP - Abstract
Despite belonging to the most abundant and widespread genus of freshwater fishes in the region, the carp gudgeons of eastern Australia (genus Hypseleotris) have proved taxonomically and ecologically problematic to science since the 19th century. Several molecular studies and a recent taxonomic revision have now shed light on the complex biology and evolutionary history that underlies this group. These studies have demonstrated that carp gudgeons include a sexual/unisexual complex (five sexual species plus an assortment of hemiclonal lineages), many members of which also co‐occur with an independent sexual relative, the western carp gudgeon (H. klunzingeri). Here, we fill yet another knowledge gap for this important group by presenting a detailed molecular phylogeographic assessment of the western carp gudgeon across its entire and extensive geographic range. We use a suite of nuclear genetic markers (SNPs and allozymes) plus a matrilineal genealogy (cytb) to demonstrate that H. klunzingeri s.l. also displays considerable taxonomic and phylogeographic complexity. All molecular datasets concur in recognizing the presence of multiple candidate species, two instances of historic between‐species admixture, and the existence of a natural hybrid zone between two of the three candidate species found in the Murray–Darling Basin. We also discuss the major phylogeographic patterns evident within each taxon. Together, these analyses provide a robust molecular, taxonomic, and distributional framework to underpin future morphological and ecological investigations on this prominent member of regional freshwater ecosystems in eastern Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
89. The effect of acute exercise on objectively measured sleep and cognition in older adults.
- Author
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Sewell, Kelsey R., Smith, Nathan D. W., Rainey-Smith, Stephanie R., Peiffer, Jeremiah, Sohrabi, Hamid R., Erickson, Kirk I., and Brown, Belinda M.
- Subjects
SLEEP latency ,SLEEP duration ,EPISODIC memory ,RAPID eye movement sleep ,OLDER people ,SLEEP - Abstract
Background: Exercise can improve cognition in aging, however it is unclear how exercise influences cognition, and sleep may partially explain this association. The current study aimed to investigate whether objectively measured sleep mediates the effect of an acute exercise intervention on cognition in older adults. Methods: Participants were 30 cognitively unimpaired, physically active older adults (69.2 ± 4.3 years) with poor sleep (determined via self-report). After a triple baseline cognitive assessment to account for any natural fluctuation in cognitive performance, participants completed either a single bout of 20-minutes of high intensity exercise on a cycle ergometer, or a control condition, in a cross-over trial design. Cognition was measured immediately post-intervention and the following day, and sleep (total sleep time, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, % of rapid eye movement sleep, light sleep and deep sleep) was characterized using WatchPAT™ at baseline (5 nights) and measured for one night after both exercise and control conditions. Results: Results showed no effect of the exercise intervention on cognition immediately post-intervention, nor an effect of acute exercise on any sleep variable. There was no mediating effect of sleep on associations between exercise and cognition. However, a change from baseline to post-intervention in light sleep and deep sleep did predict change in episodic memory at the ~24 h postintervention cognitive assessment, regardless of intervention condition. Discussion: There was no effect of acute high intensity exercise on sleep or cognition in the current study. However, results suggest that associations between sleep and cognition may exist independently of exercise in our sample. Further research is required, and such studies may aid in informing the most effective lifestyle interventions for cognitive health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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90. Upper Plate Faults May Contribute to the Paleoseismic Subsidence Record Along the Central Hikurangi Subduction Zone, Aotearoa New Zealand.
- Author
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Delano, J. E., Howell, A., Clark, K. J., and Stahl, T. A.
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SUBDUCTION zones ,STORM surges ,LAND subsidence ,SEISMIC surveys ,SURFACE fault ruptures ,EARTHQUAKES ,ABSOLUTE sea level change ,BARRIER islands - Abstract
Earthquake‐driven subsidence can cause cascading hazards at the coast by exacerbating relative sea level rise, storm surges, tsunami, and tidal flooding. At Ahuriri Lagoon near Napier, Aotearoa New Zealand, paleoseismic uplift and subsidence are typically attributed to upper plate faults and subduction interface earthquakes, respectively. We test this assumption with elastic dislocation models of upper plate and subduction interface earthquakes informed by historical events, seismic surveys, and modern interface coupling data. We compared our surface deformation results to paleoseismic records preserved at Ahuriri Lagoon, which includes eight rapid subsidence (c. 0.5–1.2 m) and two rapid uplift events over the last c. 7 kyr. Our models demonstrate that offshore upper plate faults could cause subsidence of c. 0.5–1 m at Ahuriri Lagoon at recurrence intervals of c. 2 kyr. A range of subduction interface earthquakes can also produce subsidence at Ahuriri Lagoon, and may explain larger (>1 m) subsidence, but must rupture the currently creeping (i.e., aseismic) portions of the interface. We demonstrate that both upper plate fault and subduction interface earthquakes may have contributed to the Ahuriri Lagoon records, and that interface coupling may be more spatially or temporally heterogeneous than modern geodetic data suggest. Models of sea‐level rise and earthquake multi‐hazards that do not include the effects of upper plate faulting may mischaracterize risk at the coast. Plain Language Summary: Earthquakes can cause land to uplift or subside. If land subsides along the coastline, it becomes more susceptible to flooding, storm waves, tsunami, and ongoing sea level rise. The geologic record at Ahuriri Lagoon near Napier, New Zealand, shows that earthquakes have caused subsidence of at least 0.5 m many times over the last 7,000 years. We modeled how earthquakes on different faults, such as the subduction zone or smaller crustal faults above it, would vertically move the coastline. We found that both types of earthquakes have likely caused subsidence at Ahuriri Lagoon, which differs from past interpretations that focus mainly on subduction zone earthquakes. Additionally, the subduction earthquakes that cause subsidence at Ahuriri Lagoon are not in the expected location based on modern instrumental data. Therefore, future hazard models may need to take into account a broader range of earthquake source faults and more complex earthquake scenarios. Key Points: Elastic dislocation modeling shows that listric upper plate faults can cause coastal coseismic subsidence above the down‐dip rupture limitCoseismic subsidence at a key site (Ahuriri Lagoon, central Hikurangi margin) can be caused by both upper‐plate and subduction earthquakesSubduction seismic cycle interpretations using coseismic uplift and subsidence records should consider the influence of upper plate faults [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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91. Pharmacological rescue of mitochondrial and neuronal defects in SPG7 hereditary spastic paraplegia patient neurons using high throughput assays.
- Author
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Wali, Gautam, Yan Li, Liyanage, Erandhi, Kumar, Kishore R., Day, Margot L., and Sue, Carolyn M.
- Subjects
FAMILIAL spastic paraplegia ,PEOPLE with paraplegia ,NEURONS ,MITOCHONDRIA ,INDUCED pluripotent stem cells ,DRUG repositioning ,BACK muscles - Abstract
SPG7 is the most common form of autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). There is a lack of HSP-SPG7 human neuronal models to understand the disease mechanism and identify new drug treatments. We generated a human neuronal model of HSP-SPG7 using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology. We first generated iPS cells from three HSP-SPG7 patients carrying different disease-causing variants and three healthy controls. The iPS cells were differentiated to form neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and then from NPCs to mature cortical neurons. Mitochondrial and neuronal defects were measured using a high throughout imaging and analysis-based assay in live cells. Our results show that compared to control NPCs, patient NPCs had aberrant mitochondrial morphology with increased mitochondrial size and reduced membrane potential. Patient NPCs develop to form mature cortical neurons with amplified mitochondrial morphology and functional defects along with defects in neuron morphology - reduced neurite complexity and length, reduced synaptic gene, protein expression and activity, reduced viability and increased axonal degeneration. Treatment of patient neurons with Bz-423, a mitochondria permeability pore regulator, restored the mitochondrial and neurite morphological defects and mitochondrial membrane potential back to control neuron levels and rescued the low viability and increased degeneration in patient neurons. This study establishes a direct link between mitochondrial and neuronal defects in HSP-SPG7 patient neurons. We present a strategy for testing mitochondrial targeting drugs to rescue neuronal defects in HSP-SPG7 patient neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
92. Integrating survey and observer data improves the predictions of New Zealand spatio-temporal models.
- Author
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Grüss, A, Charsley, A R, Thorson, J T, Anderson, O F, O'Driscoll, R L, Wood, B, Breivik, O N, and O'Leary, C A
- Subjects
SPECIES distribution ,FORECASTING ,FISHERIES ,DATA integration ,BIOMASS - Abstract
In many situations, species distribution models need to make use of multiple data sources to address their objectives. We developed a spatio-temporal modelling framework that integrates research survey data and data collected by observers onboard fishing vessels while accounting for physical barriers (islands, convoluted coastlines). We demonstrated our framework for two bycatch species in New Zealand deepwater fisheries: spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and javelinfish (Lepidorhynchus denticulatus). Results indicated that employing observer-only data or integrated data is necessary to map fish biomass at the scale of the New Zealand exclusive economic zone, and to interpolate local biomass indices (e.g. for the east coast of the South Island) in years with no survey but available observer data. Results also showed that, if enough survey data are available, fisheries analysts should: (1) develop both an integrated model and a model relying on survey-only data; and (2) for a given geographic area, ultimately choose the index produced with integrated data or the index produced with survey-only data based on the reliability of the interannual variability of the index. We also conducted a simulation experiment, which indicated that the predictions of our spatio-temporal models are virtually insensitive to the consideration of physical barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
93. Estimating Plate Tectonic Forces at the New Zealand Plate Boundary Using Strain Rates Derived From a Kinematic Model of Fault Slip.
- Author
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Hirschberg, H. and Sutherland, R.
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PLATE tectonics ,STRAIN rate ,PALEOSEISMOLOGY ,RHEOLOGY ,LITHOSPHERE ,VISCOSITY - Abstract
We construct a model of forces at the New Zealand plate boundary from dynamical thin‐sheet modeling. Stress magnitudes estimated are 10–50 MPa and effective viscosities are 0.5–5 × 1021 Pa s within actively deforming regions. Models that include only far‐field forces and forces from variations in topography and bathymetry can fit observations in most of the plate boundary, but basal tractions are required to fit extension in Havre Trough. For models that include nontopographic forces, we specify a rheology to acquire a unique solution for each of three rheologies: power‐law rheology with n = 3, power law with n = 5, and a pseudo‐plastic equal‐stress rheology. The inclusion of nontopographic forces allows these models to fit observations very well. We predict forces in Havre Trough equivalent to basal tractions of 7–10 MPa at 20‐km depth. Models with n = 3 and n = 5 require antiparallel forces on opposite sides of the plate boundary to drive deformation in South Island which would imply a plate boundary zone that is more localized at depth. The equal‐stress pseudo‐plastic model drives deformation with plate motion boundary conditions and localizes it with variations in effective viscosity. The effective rheology of South Island is most realistically modeled by an equal‐stress pseudo‐plastic rheology. The n = 3 or n = 5 power‐law rheology models require a highly localized boundary zone in the lower lithosphere, but a broader zone in the upper lithosphere. Plain Language Summary: New Zealand is prone to earthquakes because it lies on the boundary between two tectonic plates. Plates are the strong outer shell of the Earth that is broken into moving pieces. We construct a set of models of forces at the New Zealand plate boundary, to better understand why plates move. Tectonic forces originate in three ways: (a) transmitted through the plate from far away; (b) from topography that gravity is trying to make collapse; and (c) from local tractions between the shallow plate and differential movements deeper within the Earth. We find that local forces are needed to fit all observations, but not all our models seem realistic. The model that is most plausible has tectonic stresses that are approximately even across the plate boundary region, rather than being much higher within the deforming zone. Our estimates of tectonic stress are similar or slightly larger than previous estimates and we can fit all observations of how the faults in New Zealand are moving. Key Points: Stress magnitudes are 10–50 MPa and effective viscosities are 0.5–5 × 1021 Pa s in actively deforming regions of New ZealandExtension in Havre Trough is driven by local, nontopographic forces that are equivalent in magnitude to basal tractions of 7–10 MPaRheology of lithosphere in South Island plausibly fits a pseudo‐plastic model, while power‐law models require unlikely force patterns [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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94. Tectonostratigraphic controls on pore fluid pressure distribution across the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.
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O'Neill, Sean R., Jones, Stuart J., and Kamp, Peter J. J.
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PORE fluids ,FLUID pressure ,FLUID control ,SEDIMENTARY basins ,FAULT zones - Abstract
Significant variations in pore pressure across the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand, are attributed to changes in lithofacies and structure, usefully illustrated in terms of ten areas that we term geopressure provinces, each displaying individual pore pressure trends. Cretaceous to Early Miocene formations in different parts of the basin can be either normally pressured (near or at hydrostatic) or significantly overpressured (up to 28 MPa) at the same depth. Variations in Eocene–Oligocene facies types and thicknesses both within and between geopressure provinces provide first‐order control on the magnitude, distribution and maintenance of overpressure across the basin. Examples of hydraulic compartmentalisation due to sealing faults and stratigraphic architecture are identified within the basin. Deep pore pressure transitions are sealed by diagenetic, structural or stratigraphic mechanisms in different places and are associated with an increase in mudrock volume (reduced permeability) or gas generation. Thus, pore pressure distribution in the Taranaki Basin is controlled by a combination of sediment loading, lithofacies variations, fault zone permeability and structural architecture. This work represents an appraisal of the pore pressure distribution across the whole of a multiphase structurally complex basin, and the approach taken provides a framework for better understanding the distribution of pore fluid pressures and pore fluid migration in other sedimentary basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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95. Reduced acetylated α-tubulin in SPAST hereditary spastic paraplegia patient PBMCs.
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Wali, Gautam, Siow, Sue-Faye, Liyanage, Erandhi, Kumar, Kishore R., Mackay-Sim, Alan, and Sue, Carolyn M.
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FAMILIAL spastic paraplegia ,PEOPLE with paraplegia ,MONONUCLEAR leukocytes ,INDUCED pluripotent stem cells ,DRUG discovery - Abstract
HSP-SPAST is the most common form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), a neurodegenerative disease causing lower limb spasticity. Previous studies using HSP-SPAST patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell cortical neurons have shown that patient neurons have reduced levels of acetylated a-tubulin, a form of stabilized microtubules, leading to a chain of downstream effects eventuating in increased vulnerability to axonal degeneration. Noscapine treatment rescued these downstream effects by restoring the levels of acetylated a-tubulin in patient neurons. Here we show that HSP-SPAST patient non-neuronal cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), also have the disease-associated effect of reduced levels of acetylated a-tubulin. Evaluation of multiple PBMC subtypes showed that patient T cell lymphocytes had reduced levels of acetylated a-tubulin. T cells make up to 80% of all PBMCs and likely contributed to the effect of reduced acetylated a-tubulin levels seen in overall PBMCs. We further showed that mouse administered orally with increasing concentrations of noscapine exhibited a dose-dependent increase of noscapine levels and acetylated a-tubulin in the brain. A similar effect of noscapine treatment is anticipated in HSP-SPAST patients. To measure acetylated a-tubulin levels, we used a homogeneous time resolved fluorescence technologybased assay. This assay was sensitive to noscapine-induced changes in acetylated a-tubulin levels in multiple sample types. The assay is high throughput and uses nano-molar protein concentrations, making it an ideal assay for evaluation of noscapine-induced changes in acetylated a-tubulin levels. This study shows that HSP-SPAST patient PBMCs exhibit disease-associated effects. This finding can help expedite the drug discovery and testing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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96. 4th Generation HIV screening in the emergency department: net profit or loss for hospitals?
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Hoenigl, Martin, Lo, Megan, Coyne, Christopher J., Wagner, Gabriel A., Blumenthal, Jill, Mathur, Kushagra, Horton, Lucy E., Martin, Thomas C.S., Vilke, Gary M., and Little, Susan J.
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HIV infections ,HOSPITALS ,HOSPITAL emergency services ,HOSPITAL costs ,COST benefit analysis ,INCOME ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,ELECTRONIC health records ,MEDICARE ,INSURANCE - Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine hospital costs and revenue of universal opt-out HIV ED screening. An electronic medical record (EMR)-directed, automated ED screening program was instituted at an academic medical center in San Diego, California. A base model calculated net income in US dollars for the hospital by comparing annual testing costs with reimbursements using payor mixes and cost variables. To account for differences in payor mixes, testing costs, and reimbursement rates across hospitals in the US, we performed a probabilistic sensitivity analysis. The base model included a total of 12,513 annual 4th generation HIV tests with the following payor mix: 18% Medicare, 9% MediCal, 28% commercial and 8% self-payers, with the remainder being capitated contracts. The base model resulted in a net profit for the hospital. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, universal 4th generation HIV screening resulted in a net profit for the hospital in 81.9% of simulations. Universal 4th generation opt-out HIV screening in EDs resulted in a net profit to an academic hospital. Sensitivity analysis indicated that ED HIV screening results in a net-profit for the majority of simulations, with higher proportions of self-payers being the major predictor of a net loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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97. Heat addition with variable area: Methodology for preliminary design of the scramjet combustion chamber.
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Carneiro, R., Passaro, A., and Toro, P. G. P.
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COMBUSTION chambers ,THERMODYNAMICS ,RAYLEIGH flow ,BRAYTON cycle ,THERMODYNAMIC cycles ,INVISCID flow - Abstract
Well-known analytical approaches are commonly adopted for the preliminary design of scramjet engines. In this context, the combustion process in the combustion chamber can be modeled by considering heat addition to the airflow at supersonic speed. The one-dimensional Rayleigh flow theory can be applied to estimate the behavior of thermodynamic properties and velocities when the combustion chamber has a constant cross-sectional area and no mass is added within the duct. However, the temperature and pressure predicted by using constant area combustion chambers are too high, implying the necessity of modifications in the cross-sectional area of the chamber to avoid thermal choking and excessive pressure gradients. In this case, the unidimensional Rayleigh theory does not fit anymore. This work proposes an analytical methodology to estimate the airflow thermodynamic properties and velocities for scramjet combustion chambers with cross sections of variable areas by using an iterative algorithm that employs the Rayleigh flow area ratio theory. The analytical results were compared with the two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics analysis using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method for both inviscid and viscous flow and considering turbulence effects. The proposed analytical model to estimate the flow behavior in the scramjet combustion chamber predicted results in agreement with the physics of the problem and with the results obtained via numerical simulation. The analytical model cannot predict oscillations in the flow properties caused by the expansion waves and their reflections. Still, the behavior and intensity of the properties are well captured along the entire length of three combustion chambers with variable area. The proposed algorithm is also applied to determine the angle of the combustion chamber that allows guaranteeing a constant, or a quasi-constant, static pressure along the length of the combustion chamber, approaching better the ideal thermodynamic Brayton cycle. The proposed model is suitable for preliminary scramjet designs and can be used to solve other problems involving variable area ducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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98. A Network‐Scale Modeling Framework for Stream Metabolism, Ecosystem Efficiency, and Their Response to Climate Change.
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Segatto, Pier Luigi, Battin, Tom J., and Bertuzzo, Enrico
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ECOSYSTEMS ,DISSOLVED organic matter ,ECOSYSTEM dynamics ,CLIMATE change ,WATER temperature ,CARBON metabolism ,METABOLISM ,CARBON cycle - Abstract
Climate change and the predicted warmer temperatures and more extreme hydrological regimes could affect freshwater ecosystems and their energy pathways. To appreciate the complex spatial and temporal interactions of carbon cycling in flowing waters, ecosystem metabolism (gross primary production [GPP] and ecosystem respiration [ER]) must be resolved at the scale of an entire river network. Here, we propose a meta‐ecosystem framework that couples light and temperature regimes with a reach‐scale ecosystem model and integrates network structure, catchment land cover, and the hydrologic regime. The model simulates the distributed functioning of dissolved and particulate organic carbon, autotrophic biomass, and thus ecosystem metabolism, and reproduces fairly well the metabolic regimes observed in 12 reaches of the Ybbs River network, Austria. Results show that the annual network–scale metabolism was heterotrophic, yet with a clear peak of autotrophy in spring. Autochthonous energy sources contributed 43% of the total ER. We further investigated the effect of altered thermal and hydrologic regimes on metabolism and ecosystem efficiency. We predicted that an increase of 2.5°C in average stream water temperature could boost ER and GPP by 31% (24%–57%) and 28% (5%–57%), respectively. The effect of flashier hydrologic regimes is more complex and depends on autotrophic biomass density. The analysis shows the complex interactions between environmental conditions and biota in shaping stream metabolism and highlights the existing knowledge gaps for reliable predictions of the effects of climate change in these ecosystems. Plain Language Summary: Organic carbon is one of the main source of energy sustaining riverine ecosystems. It can be internally produced by autotrophic organisms, or subsidized from the adjacent terrestrial ecosystem. Understanding the fraction of organic carbon which is metabolized within a stream network rather than exported to downstream ecosystems, and how such fraction is controlled by the thermal and hydrologic regime, is crucial to predict the whole ecosystem function, the ecosystem services it can provide, and the regional (and global) carbon cycling. Through the development of a mathematical model applied to a well‐monitored river network, the paper addresses this fundamental question and attempts to predict how these energetic fluxes might be affected by climate change. Key Points: The framework simulates temporal dynamics of ecosystem metabolism at the stream network scaleThe effect of climate change on network‐scale metabolism and carbon spiraling is investigatedA temperature increase of 2.5 C will boost ecosystem respiration and gross primary production by 31% (24%–57%) and 28% (5%–57%), respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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99. Aerobik Egzersizin Beyin Sağlığının Korunması ve Geliştirilmesi Üzerine Etkisi: Derleme Makalesi.
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MENENGİÇ, Kübra Nur, YELDAN, İpek, and BAHADIR, F. Elif
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THERAPEUTICS ,NERVE growth factor ,AEROBIC exercises ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,CEREBRAL circulation ,NEOVASCULARIZATION ,MENTAL health ,COGNITION ,MEDICAL care ,CELL physiology ,VOLUMETRIC analysis ,NEUROINFLAMMATION - Abstract
Copyright of Fenerbahce University Journal of Health Sciences (FBU-JOSH) / Fenerbahçe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Fenerbahce University Journal of Health Sciences (FBU-JOSH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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100. Predicting the effects of climate change on deep‐water coral distribution around New Zealand—Will there be suitable refuges for protection at the end of the 21st century?
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Anderson, Owen F., Stephenson, Fabrice, Behrens, Erik, and Rowden, Ashley A.
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DEEP-sea corals ,CLIMATE change ,TWENTY-first century ,MARINE parks & reserves ,DREDGING (Fisheries) - Abstract
Deep‐water corals are protected in the seas around New Zealand by legislation that prohibits intentional damage and removal, and by marine protected areas where bottom trawling is prohibited. However, these measures do not protect them from the impacts of a changing climate and ocean acidification. To enable adequate future protection from these threats we require knowledge of the present distribution of corals and the environmental conditions that determine their preferred habitat, as well as the likely future changes in these conditions, so that we can identify areas for potential refugia. In this study, we built habitat suitability models for 12 taxa of deep‐water corals using a comprehensive set of sample data and predicted present and future seafloor environmental conditions from an earth system model specifically tailored for the South Pacific. These models predicted that for most taxa there will be substantial shifts in the location of the most suitable habitat and decreases in the area of such habitat by the end of the 21st century, driven primarily by decreases in seafloor oxygen concentrations, shoaling of aragonite and calcite saturation horizons, and increases in nitrogen concentrations. The current network of protected areas in the region appear to provide little protection for most coral taxa, as there is little overlap with areas of highest habitat suitability, either in the present or the future. We recommend an urgent re‐examination of the spatial distribution of protected areas for deep‐water corals in the region, utilising spatial planning software that can balance protection requirements against value from fishing and mineral resources, take into account the current status of the coral habitats after decades of bottom trawling, and consider connectivity pathways for colonisation of corals into potential refugia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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