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Cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum (Slyc) is sensitive to water shortages, while its wild relative Solanum peruvianum L. (Sper), an herbaceous perennial small shrub, can grow under water scarcity and soil salinity environments. Plastic Sper modifies the plant architecture when suffering from drought, which is mediated by the replacement of leaf organs, among other changes. The early events that trigger acclimation and improve these morphological traits are unknown. In this study, a physiological and transcriptomic approach was used to understand the processes that differentiate the response in Slyc and Sper in the context of acclimation to stress and future consequences for plant architecture. In this regard, moderate (MD) and severe drought (SD) were imposed, mediating PEG treatments. The results showed a reduction in water and osmotic potential during stress, which correlated with the upregulation of sugar and proline metabolism-related genes. Additionally, the senescence-related genes FTSH6 protease and asparagine synthase were highly induced in both species. However, GO categories such as “protein ubiquitination” or “endopeptidase inhibitor activity” were differentially enriched in Sper and Slyc, respectively. Genes related to polyamine biosynthesis were induced, while several cyclins and kinetin were downregulated in Sper under drought treatments. Repression of photosynthesis-related genes was correlated with a higher reduction in the electron transport rate in Slyc than in Sper. Additionally, transcription factors from the ERF, WRKY and NAC families were commonly induced in Sper. Although some similar responses were induced in both species under drought stress, many important changes were detected to be differentially induced. This suggests that different pathways dictate the strategies to address the early response to drought and the consequent episodes in the acclimation process in both tomato species.

Trifluridine/tipiracil increases overall survival (OS) in patients with refractory, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). A post hoc exploratory analysis of the RECOURSE randomized clinical trial (RCT) established two categories, a good prognosis corresponding to subjects having a low tumor burden and indolent disease. Other models in refractory mCRC are the FAS-CORRECT and Colon Life nomogram. The main objective was to externally validate the prognostic factors of the RECOURSE and FAS-CORRECT trials, and the Colon Life nomogram in a multicenter, real-world series of mCRC treated in 3rd and successive lines with trifluridine/tipiracil. The secondary aim was to develop an OS predictive model, TAS-RECOSMO. Between 2016 and 2019, 244 patients were recruited. Median OS was 8.15 vs 8.12 months for the poor (85% of the subjects) and good (15%) prognosis groups from the RESOURCE trial, respectively, log-rank p = 0.9. The most common grade 3–4 toxicities were neutropenia (17%), asthenia (6%), and anemia (5%). The AFT lognormal model TAS-RECOSMO included six variables: ECOG-PS, KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutation status, time between diagnosis of metastasis and beginning of trifluridine/tipiracil, NLR, CEA, and alkaline phosphatase. The model’s bootstrapped bias-corrected c-index was 0.682 (95% CI, 0.636–0.722). The factors from the Colon Life model, FAS-CORRECT, and RECOURSE displayed a c-index of 0.690, 0.630, and 0.507, respectively. TAS-RECOSMO, FAS-CORRECT, and the Colon Life nomogram appear to predict OS in patients with refractory mCCR who begin trifluridine/tipiracil treatment in the real world. The prognostic groups of the RECOURCE RCT were unable to capture the situation of real-world subjects treated with trifluridine/tipiracil in this series.

Coastal compound flooding events occur when extreme events of rainfall, river discharge and sea level coincide and collectively increase water surface elevation, exacerbating flooding. The meteorological conditions that generate these events are usually low-pressure systems that generate high winds and intense rainfall. In this study, we identify the types of synoptic atmospheric conditions that are typically associated with coastal compound events using a weathertype approach, for the North Atlantic coastlines (encompassing northwest Europe and the east coast of the United States). Compound events are identified along the estuaries of the study region from 1980 to 2014 based on an impact function defined by water surface elevation that resulted from the combination of river discharge and sea level. We find that compound events are more frequent along European as opposed to U.S. coastlines. In both cases, they are associated with a few dominant weather patterns. European hotspots of compound events are concentrated in the west coast of United Kingdom, the northwest coast of the Iberian Peninsula and around the Strait of Gibraltar. These areas share the same weather patterns which represent the main pathways of storms that cross the North Atlantic Ocean. In the case of U.S. locations, the areas with highest number of compound events are located mainly in the Gulf of Mexico and along Mexico and along the mid-eastern U.S. coastlines. In these areas, compound events are produced by transitional weather patterns, which describe storms that travel northward parallel to the coastline. Splitting the occurrence of compound events in the corresponding weather types discriminates the interannual variability based on the relationship with dominant climate indices in the North Atlantic Ocean. This research forms part of the CHANCE project, which is supported by awards from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NE/S010262/1) and US National Science Foundation (1929382). We would like to thank Dirk Eilander for providing support about the use of dataset of simulated water levels and discharge at river mouth locations globally which is available on Zenodo(doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3665734).

Ti modified MCM-41-supported NiMo and CoMo catalysts and their respective Ti free reference catalysts were prepared, characterized, and tested for the hydrodesulfurization reactions. The samples were synthesized by well-known procedures, such as liquid crystal templating and successive impregnation method for the supports and catalysts, respectively. Ti precursor was directly incorporated into the micellar solution before adding the silica precursor at different molar Si/Ti ratios (x = 75 and 50). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid-state 29Si-nuclear magnetic resonance, small- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen physisorption were used as characterization techniques. Four sulfided catalysts were also characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The catalysts showed important increases in the reaction rates during both thiophene and dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization when the support was structurally modified with Ti-atoms. The samples supported on Ti-MCM-41(75) presented a higher activity than those supported on Ti-MCM-41(50), and they were superior to their respective Si-MCM-41-supported NiMoS and CoMoS catalysts, even NiMoTiM75 and CoMoTiM75 catalysts presented better performance compared to the conventional NiMo/Al2O3 and CoMo/Al2O3 catalysts in the DBT hydrodesulfurization. Ti incorporation also enhanced the selectivities to the hydrogenated products, which could be beneficial to destabilize refractory S-containing molecules.

Objective: To describe the agribusiness potential of the castor oil plant in Mexico through the collection and analysis of agricultural, industrial and commercial information that allows decision making for the formulation of future productive projects to generate economic, social and technological impacts.Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is descriptive with a transactional design. The information was collected on national and international agrifood statistical and documentary information platforms.Results: Different attempts have been made in Mexico in commercial and research projects related to the cultivation, production and transformation of castor oil, with results that are not very encouraging due to the lack of knowledge about productive, technological and commercial processes. However, on the other hand, the need for the industrial sector to import oil to produce high-value products is evident. Study Limitations/Implications: Isolated efforts have been made by each of the actors in the castor oil agribusiness, which has prevented the sector’s consolidation.Findings/Conclusions: An intelligent management of agricultural production must be implemented through the establishment of commercial crops with the adoption of basic technological packages applied to each region in particular, with great attention to the availability of planting seed, which should have agronomic potential, use of nutrition and management of pests and diseases, as well as to foresee all the cultural tasks ofmaintenance of the crop and harvesting modality that guarantee yield in the field and quality raw material. Currently, there is a deficit in the castor oil market in the country, which leads to high business prospects and business opportunities.

This research is presented in the area of composite materials; whose matrix is alumina with carbon nanotubes. The synthesis of CNT-based materials in alumina is driven by the exceptional chemical and mechanical properties of both materials. For this proposal, critical aspects such as the processing technique, the interfacial mechanisms between the Al2O3matrix and CNTs were revised, without losing the focus on the application of this composite in the structural area and determining the strengthening of the matrix due to the presence of reinforcements. This study deals with the synthesis and characterization of a hybrid material based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and alumina. A simple and efficient methodology is proposed, in which the composite material CNTs/alumina is prepared from the combination of nanofilaments with an aluminum-rich material. Characterization by MET gave evidence of typical carbon nanotube structures supported on aluminous material. Furthermore, MEB-EDS analysis of hybrid composite material confirmed the presence of carbon nanofilaments embedded in the alumina matrix. This study as an initial phase of the research allowed to identify a simple and novel methodology that will be extended in characterization and determination of structural relationships with processing parameters, and it is considering to perform multiscale modeling to know the mechanisms inherent in the compatibility between the matrix and nanofilaments, and thus the phenomenon of reinforcement

El proceso de acreditación permite a una institución educativa reconocer la calidad de sus programas educativos, evaluando los programas desde varios niveles y perspectivas. Para una acreditación internacional, ANECA establece principios de evaluación en una Guía que comprende 9 Dimensiones las cueles permiten realizar la autoevaluación de manera cíclica y tiene como objetivo comprobar: 1) si el Programa Educativo se está llevando a cabo de acuerdo con los objetivos establecidos en su proyecto inicial y 2) si sus resultados son adecuados y contribuyen a la formación de los estudiantes y al logro de los objetivos previstos. El programa educativo de la Lic. en Tecnologías Computacionales de la Universidad Veracruzana, llevó a cabo en 2018, el proceso de autoevaluación para su acreditación para la obtención del Sello de Calidad Internacional otorgado por ANECA. En este trabajo presentamos nuestro caso de éxito en el proceso de acreditación internacional. The accreditation process allows an educational institution to recognize the quality of its educational programs, evaluating the programs from various levels and perspectives. For an international accreditation, ANECA establishes principles of evaluation in a Guide that includes 9 Dimensions, which allow the self-evaluation to be carried out in a cyclical manner and aims to verify: 1) if the Educational Program is being carried out in accordance with the objectives established in its initial project and 2) if its results are adequate and contribute to the training of students and the achievement of the planned objectives. The educational program of Bachelor of Computer Technologies of the Universidad Veracruzana, conducted in 2018, the selfevaluation process for accreditation for obtaining International Quality Seal awarded by ANECA. In this paper we present our case of success in the international accreditation process.

RESUMEN: La utilización de enjuagues antisépticos previo a la atención odontológica favorecería la disminución del virus en la cavidad oral. Se ha planteado el uso de peróxido de hidrógeno preconsulta dental. Se revisaron las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane y Elsevier publicados desde Enero 2019 a junio 2020. Los estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión fueron revisados por 2 autores individualmente. Se realizó una revisión cualitativa de los datos. No existen ensayos controlados aleatorios o estudios de observación clínica sobre el efecto curativo o preventivo del peróxido de hidrógeno contra el COVID-19, pero si protocolos de ensayos clínicos que están en proceso de reclutamiento. El enjuague bucal con peróxido de hidrógeno podría ser una solución viable pre consulta dental que debe ser estudiada para reducir la carga viral del COVID-19.

A mesoporous titania material with a single X-ray diffraction signal at small-angle and anatase TiO2 walls was prepared by a sol–gel method using hexadecylamine as a templating agent and titanium isopropoxide as a titanium precursor. The mesoporous solid was used to prepare a novel layered titanium phosphate by Soxhlet extraction reflux with phosphoric acid. The obtained α-TiP material showed a typical wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern with a monoclinic structure, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms Type II, and large crystals of rectangular lamellae, confirming its layered nature by transmission electron microscopy. The elimination by adsorption of Hg2+ ions from aqueous samples was studied using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models, calculating its different parameters. The adsorption of Hg2+ ions could be performed via active P-OH groups (observed by Fourier Transform Infrared results) in the lamellar structure showing excellent properties that make the layered material possible excellent adsorbent to remove heavy metals ions contaminants from potable water.

BACKGROUND Chagas disease is one of the most common diseases in Latin-America, and cardiac involvement is a significant cause of death. Assessment of myocardial strain may detect early myocardial damage. OBJECTIVES To determine differences in longitudinal strain using speckle tracking to assess regional and global left ventricular function in patients with the indeterminate form of Chagas disease, in comparison with a control group. METHODS This is a retrospective matched case-control study, conducted in a single center. We evaluated 45 adult patients with Chagas disease, diagnosed with 2 serological methods, without evidence of cardiac involvement, who were compared with 45 healthy control subjects, who were sex- and age-matched. All patients underwent Doppler echocardiography and longitudinal strain with speckle tracking. RESULTS Median age was 59 years, and 60% were female. Echocardiographic parameters were similar in patients with Chagas and control subjects. In patients with Chagas, global strain differed significantly from that of control subjects (-17 vs -20.3, P < .001). Segmental strain showed 7 abnormal segments in patients with Chagas (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS In patients with the indeterminate form of Chagas disease, global and segmental longitudinal peak systolic strain is reduced compared with healthy subjects, thus suggesting that it could be a sensitive technique to detect early myocardial damage. These findings could provide useful information regarding the pathophysiology of cardiac involvement and understand whether they might have prognostic usefulness or help develop strategies to modify the course and prognosis of patients with Chagas disease. A longitudinal prospective study would be necessary to validate our findings.

Through alteration of wave-generating atmospheric systems, global climate changes play a fundamental role in regional wave climate. However, long-term wave-climate cycles and their associated forcing mechanisms remain poorly constrained, in part due to a relative dearth of highly resolved archives. Here we use the morphology of former shorelines preserved in beach-foredune ridges (BFR) within a protected embayment to reconstruct changes in predominant wave directions in the Subtropical South Atlantic during the last ~3000 years. These analyses reveal multi-centennial cycles of oscillation in predominant wave direction in accordance with stronger (weaker) South Atlantic mid- to high-latitudes mean sea-level pressure gradient and zonal westerly winds, favouring wave generation zones in higher (lower) latitudes and consequent southerly (easterly) wave components. We identify the Southern Annular Mode as the primary climate driver responsible for these changes. Long-term variations in interhemispheric surface temperature anomalies coexist with oscillations in wave direction, which indicates the influence of temperature-driven atmospheric teleconnections on wave-generation cycles. These results provide a novel geomorphic proxy for paleoenvironmental reconstructions and present new insights into the role of global multi-decadal to multi-centennial climate variability in controlling coastal-ocean wave climate. A.P.S. and A.H.F.K. acknowledge the Brazilian Ministry of Environment for funding through the SMC-Brazil project. A.H.F.K. acknowledges the Rede Clima, INCT MarCOI “Oceanografia Integrada e Usos Multiplos da Plataforma Continental e Oceano Adjacente—Centro de Oceanografia Integrada (COI)”, CNPQ (PQ2- CNPQ 301963/2015-0, PQ1D CNPQ 301597/2018-9, CNPQ 441545/2017-3) and, CAPES Brazil-Finance Code 001 and Capes/PROEX 88881.146046/2017-01 for financial support. F.J.M. acknowledges the funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the project PID2019-107053RB-I00. A.P.S. acknowledges the CESM1(CAM5) Last Millennium Ensemble Community Project and supercomputing resources provided by NSF/CISL/Yellowstone. C.J.H. acknowledges that this paper is Contribution 3957 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary.

Introduction Chagas disease (ChD) is one of the main parasitic diseases in Latin-America. Its heart involvement is the most important cause of death. The aim of this study is to evaluate if Doppler Tissue Imaging (DTI) may have a predictive value for later events in subjects with chronic ChD. Methods we analyses DTI variables of 543 patients with chronic ChD for the evaluation of predicting factors of events. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were considered as stroke, heart failure resistant to treatment, sustained ventricular tachycardia, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, sudden death, and cardiovascular death. The following findings were also included in total evens: heart failure, bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmia, new conduction system abnormalities, and new echocardiographic abnormalities. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was used in order to assess the Doppler and DTI parameters predicting events. Variables with a P-value ≤ .5 in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. Results In patients with chronic ChD, the analysis of DTI parameters showed that S' wave and E' wave of the lateral wall of the left ventricle were significant predictors of MACE (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.71-0.96; P-value: .015 and OR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.66-0.98; P-value: .031, respectively). Conclusions This study found that patients with chronic ChD who had events showed significantly lower parameters in the DTI. What is more, this study showed that even lower DTI parameters are significant predictors of events.

Objective: A new poly(ionic liquid)(PIL), poly(p-vinylbenzyltriphenylphosphine hexafluorophosphate) (P[VBTPP][PF6]), was synthesized by quaternization, anion exchange reaction, and free radical polymerization. Then a series of the PIL were synthesized at different conditions. Methods: The specific heat capacity, glass-transition temperature and melting temperature of the synthesized PILs were measured by differential scanning calorimeter. The thermal conductivities of the PILs were measured by the laser flash analysis method. Results: Results showed that, under optimized synthesis conditions, P[VBTPP][PF6] as the thermal insulator had a high glass-transition temperature of 210.1°C, high melting point of 421.6°C, and a low thermal conductivity of 0.0920 W m-1 K-1 at 40.0°C (it was 0.105 W m-1 K-1 even at 180.0°C). The foamed sample exhibited much low thermal conductivity λ=0.0340 W m-1 K-1 at room temperature, which was comparable to a commercial polyurethane thermal insulating material although the latter had a much lower density. Conclusion: In addition, mixing the P[VBTPP][PF6] sample into polypropylene could obviously increase the Oxygen Index, revealing its efficient flame resistance. Therefore, P[VBTPP][PF6] is a potential thermal insulating material.

xMCM-41 materials (x = Al, Nb, Ti or Zr) with nominal x loading of 0.5 mmol/g were prepared by chemical grafting of Al2O3, Nb2O5, TiO2 and ZrO2 precursors and used as supports for NiMo/xMCM-41 catalysts. Small-angle XRD characterization of supports showed typical patterns of solids with hexagonal arrangement of mesopores. After the deposition of Ni and Mo oxide species on the supports a decrease in their long-range pore arrangement was observed. Nevertheless, the prepared NiMo catalysts possessed high specific surface areas and pore volumes. Powder XRD patterns showed the formation of the MoO3 crystalline phase in the NiMo/MCM-41 reference. This phase was not detected in the catalysts supported on xMCM-41 materials. An increase in the dispersion of MoO3 species with the incorporation of alumina, niobia, titania and zirconia in the MCM-41 support was due to the stronger interaction of Mo and Ni oxide species with xMCM-41 materials (H2-TPR and UV–vis DRS). Surface modification of the MCM-41 with different metal oxides increased the dibenzothiophene conversion and pseudo first-order rate constants. This effect was more evident for the NiMo/TiMCM-41 catalyst. Selectivity of the catalysts (product distributions) was also affected by the incorporation of Al-, Zr-, Ti- and Nb-oxide species in the support.

Background: Fluid flow in microchannels is restricted to low Reynolds number regimes and hence inducing chaotic mixing in such devices is a major challenge. Over the years, the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) has proved its ability in handling complex fluid-structure interaction problems. Objectives: Inspired by recent patents in microchannel mixing devices, we study passive mixing effects by performing two-dimensional numerical simulations of wavy wall in channel flow using IBM. Methods: The continuity and Navier-Stokes equations governing the flow are solved by fractional step based finite volume method on a staggered Cartesian grid system. Fluid variables are described by Eulerian coordinates and solid boundary by Lagrangian coordinates. A four-point Dirac delta function is used to couple both the coordinate variables. A momentum forcing term is added to the governing equation in order to impose the no-slip boundary condition between the wavy wall and fluid interface. Results: Parametric study is carried out to analyze the fluid flow characteristics by varying amplitude and wavelength of wavy wall configurations for different Reynolds number. Conclusion: Configurations of wavy wall microchannels having a higher amplitude and lower wavelengths show optimum results for mixing applications.

To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarc tion, a descriptive study was conducted in 175 patients in a referral hospital in Lima. The average age of the patients was 68.7 ± 10.8 years and 74.8% were male. The main reperfusion strategy used was percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty + stent, however, the use of primary angioplasty was low (19.5% of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction). Time to reperfusion therapies (angio plasty or fibrinolysis) were longer than recommended and the percentage of surgical revascularization was high. Almost 60% of the patients had a length of stay longer than seven days. In-hospital mortality was 3.4%, with cardiogenic shock being the most frequent cause of death. Myocardial infarction mainly affects men over 60 years, the clinical and epidemiological variables are like other regional reports. The main reperfusion strategy is angioplasty, although the use of primary angioplasty is low. Time to perfor ming reperfusion is longer than recommended and the percentage of surgical revascularization is high.

Thick filaments from some striated muscles are regulated by phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chains (RLCs). A tarantula thick filament quasi-atomic model achieved by cryo-electron microscopy has advanced our understanding on how this regulation occurs. In native thick filaments, an asymmetric intramolecular interaction between the actin-binding region of one myosin head ("blocked") and the converter region of the other head ("free") switches both heads off, establishing the myosin interacting-heads motif (IHM). This structural finding, together with motility assays, sequence analysis, and mass spectrometry (MS) observations have suggested a cooperative phosphorylation activation (CPA) mechanism for thick filament activation. In the CPA mechanism, some myosin free heads are phosphorylated constitutively in Ser35 by protein kinase C (PKC) and -under Ca2+ control - others (free or blocked) heads temporally on Ser45 by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), in a way that explains both force development and post-tetanic potentiation in tarantula striated muscle. We tested this model using MS to verify if Ca2+-activation phosphorylates de novo un-phosphorylated Ser35 heads. For this purpose, we standardized an approach based on 18O isotopic ATP labeling to accurately detect by MS-MS the RLC phosphorylation under Ca2+-activation. MS spectra showed de novo18O incorporation only on Ser45 but not on Ser35. As the constitutive Ser35 phosphorylation cannot be dephosphorylated, this result suggests that the number of RLCs on free heads with constitutively phosphorylated Ser35 does remain constant on Ca2+-activation supporting that the myosin has a basal activation and force modulation or potentiation is controlled by MLCK Ser45 phosphorylation.

To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarction, a descriptive study was conducted in 175 patients in a referral hospital in Lima. The average age of the patients was 68.7 ± 10.8 years and 74.8% were male. The main reperfusion strategy used was percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty + stent, however, the use of primary angioplasty was low (19.5% of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction). Time to reperfusion therapies (angioplasty or fibrinolysis) were longer than recommended and the percentage of surgical revascularization was high. Almost 60% of the patients had a length of stay longer than seven days. In-hospital mortality was 3.4%, with cardiogenic shock being the most frequent cause of death. Myocardial infarction mainly affects men over 60 years, the clinical and epidemiological variables are like other regional reports. The main reperfusion strategy is angioplasty, although the use of primary angioplasty is low. Time to performing reperfusion is longer than recommended and the percentage of surgical revascularization is high.

BACKGROUND Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked storage disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α-galactosidase A, and it typically causes multiorgan dysfunction. The main cause of death is heart disease resulting from left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, LV systolic dysfunction, severe LV hypertrophy (LVH), and sudden death. In several cardiac disorders, LV systolic dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias are associated with mechanical dispersion (MD). MD has until now not been studied in patients with FD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of MD in patients with FD. METHODS Complete echocardiographic data and speckle tracking echocardiographic data were collected. MD is an index of inter-segmental discoordination of contraction and is defined as the standard deviation (SD) of the time-to-peak longitudinal negative strain in 17 LV segments with a value >49 milliseconds. Patients with FD were divided into the following 2 groups: group I (patients with FD but no LVH, n = 64) and group II (patients with FD and LVH, n = 25). These groups were compared with a group of healthy subjects (group III, n = 50). Parametric variables were expressed as mean ± SD, and nonparametric variables were expressed as median and inter-quartile range. A P value

The doping of zirconium based EHU-30 and EHU-30-NH

Extreme value analysis seeks to assign probabilities to events which deviate significantly from the mean and is thus widely employed in disciplines dealing with natural hazards. In terms of extreme sea levels (ESLs), these probabilities help to define coastal flood risk which guides the design of coastal protection measures. While tide gauge and other systematic records are typically used to estimate ESLs, combining systematic data with historical information has been shown to reduce uncertainties and better represent statistical outliers. This paper introduces a new method for the incorporation of historical information in extreme value analysis which outperforms other commonly used approaches. Monte-Carlo Simulations are used to evaluate a posterior distribution of historical and systematic ESLs based on the prior distribution of systematic data. This approach is applied at the German town of Travemünde, providing larger ESL estimates compared to those determined using systematic data only. We highlight a potential to underestimate ESLs at Travemünde when historical information is disregarded, due to a period of relatively low ESL activity for the duration of the systematic record.

The elastic bulk modulus softening of (Mg,Fe)O ferropericlase across the iron spin crossover induces dramatic changes in its physical properties, including seismic P-velocities and viscosity. Here, we performed compression of powders of (Mg$_{0.8-0.9}$Fe$_{0.2-0.1}$)O in a piezo-driven dynamic Diamond Anvil Cell (dDAC) and derive the bulk modulus by differentiation of pressure and volume data, providing first data on the broadness of the elastic softening for ferropericlase with mantle-relevant compositions. We complement our experimental results with theoretical calculations that extend previous studies by considering multiple random configurations of iron, and going beyond treating high- and low-spin iron as an ideal solution. Both experiments and computations show a broad and asymmetric softening of the bulk modulus, and suggest that the softening is sensitive to the distribution of iron in the ferropericlase structure. Our high-temperature calculations show that mixed-spin (Mg,Fe)O dominates the lower mantle at all depths below 1,000 km. In contrast to most previous works, we find that ferropericlase will not exist in pure low-spin state along a typical mantle geotherm. Based on our model, the physical properties of ferropericlase will show significant lateral variation at depths below 1,400 km, with the strongest effects expected between 2,000 and 2,600 km.

Wave climatologies from historical and projected simulations of the ACCESS1.0, MIROC5 and CNRM-CM5 Global Circulation Models (GCM) were sourced from the Coordinated Ocean Wave Climate Project (COWCLIP) and downscaled using the SWAN wave model. Biases between GCM's historical simulations and a regional hindcast were assessed, and the two best-performing models (ACCESS1.0, MIROC5) had their projections analysed. A general increase in wave height and period was observed along the south/west, together with a decrease in (Formula presented.) along the north/east coasts. The projected near-term (NEA21C) period shows mostly a (Formula presented.) increase, whilst for the long-term (END21C) period, increased and decreased (Formula presented.) are present. The areas of statistically significant changes are larger in the END21C than in the NEA21C period. The wave direction change is counter-clockwise along the west and clockwise along the east coasts. This study is a first assessment of historical and projected GCM-forced waves along New Zealand and the database we generated can be of great value for renewable energy research, risk assessment and the mitigation of future coastal hazards.

Editorial on the Research Topic Anxiety Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence: Psychopathology, Assessment, and Treatment.

Scientific reports 12(1), 8505 (2022). doi:10.1038/s41598-022-11846-w, The doping of zirconium based EHU-30 and EHU-30-NH$_2$ metal–organic frameworks with copper(II) yielded a homogeneous distribution of the dopant with a copper/zirconium ratio of 0.04–0.05. The doping mechanism is analysed by chemical analysis, microstructural analysis and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis of synchrotron total scattering data in order to get deeper insight into the local structure. According to these data, the Cu(II) atoms are assembled within the secondary building unit by a transmetalation reaction, contrarily to UiO-66 series in which the post-synthetic metalation of the MOF takes place through chemical anchorage. The resulting materials doubled the overall performance of the parent compounds for the CO$_2$ electroreduction, while retained stable the performance during continuous transformation reaction., Published by Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, [London]

Periodontitis is a highly prevalent infectious disease that causes the progressive destruction of the periodontal supporting tissues. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss impairing oral function, aesthetics, and the patient’s overall quality of life. Guided and Bone Tissue Regeneration (GTR/BTR) are surgical therapies based on the placement of a membrane that prevents epithelial growth into the defect, allowing the periodontal/bone cells (including stem cells) to regenerate or restore the affected tissues. The success of these therapies is commonly affected by the local bacterial colonization of the membrane area and its fast biodegradation, causing postoperative infections and a premature rupture of the membrane limiting the regeneration process. This study presents the antibacterial and osteogenic differentiation properties of polycaprolactone-gelatin (PCL-G) electrospun membranes modified with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). The membranes´ chemical composition, surface roughness, biodegradation, water wettability, and mechanical properties under simulated physiological conditions, were analyzed by the close relationship with their biological properties. The PCL-G membranes modified with 1, 3, and 6% w/w of ZnO-NPs showed a significant reduction in the planktonic and biofilm formation of four clinically relevant bacteria; A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b, P. gingivalis, E. coli, and S. epidermidis. Additionally, the membranes presented appropriate mechanical properties and biodegradation rates to be potentially used in clinical treatments. Notably, the membranes modified with the lowest concentration of ZnO-NPs (1% w/w) stimulated the production of osteoblast markers and calcium deposits in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) and were biocompatible to human osteoblasts cells (hFOB). These results suggest that the PCL-G membranes with 1% w/w of ZnO-NPs are high-potential candidates for GTR/BTR treatments, as they were the most effective in terms of better antibacterial effectiveness at a lower NPs-concentration while creating a favorable cellular microenvironment for bone growth.