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Background The objective of the current study was to compare the safety and efficacy between 2 analgesic regimens for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) undergoing definitive chemoradiation (CRT). Methods The current study was a prospective, single-institution, 2-arm, randomized pilot study. Patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer seventh edition stage II to stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck who were undergoing CRT were randomized to either arm 1, which entailed high-dose gabapentin (2700 mg daily) with the institutional standard of care (hydrocodone and/or acetaminophen progressing to fentanyl as needed), or arm 2, which comprised low-dose gabapentin (900 mg daily) with methadone. The primary endpoints were safety and toxicity. Secondary endpoints were pain, opioid requirement, and quality of life (QOL). Differences between the treatment arms at multiple time points were compared using a generalized linear mixed regression model with Sidak correction. Results A total of 60 patients (31 in arm 1 and 29 in arm 2) were enrolled from April 2015 to August 2017. There was no difference between the treatment arms with regard to adverse events or serious adverse events. Pain was not found to be different between the treatment arms. More patients in arm 1 did not require an opioid during treatment (42% vs 7%; P = .002). Patients in arm 2 experienced significantly better QOL outcomes across multiple domains, including overall health (P = .05), physical functioning (P = .04), role functioning (P = .01), and social functioning (P = .01). Conclusions High-dose prophylactic gabapentin increased the percentage of patients who required no opioid during treatment. Methadone may improve QOL compared with a regimen of short-acting opioids and fentanyl. However, pain was found to significantly worsen throughout treatment regardless of treatment arm, necessitating further studies to identify a more optimal regimen.

The First World War (WWI) had a notable influence on the landscape at the former Western Front in Belgium. Research on a landscape scale is necessary to understand the destructive and constructive ...

In recent years, adopting renewable energy, such as wind power, has become a national energy policy for many countries due to concerns of pollution and climate change from fossil fuel consumption. However, accurate prediction of wind is crucial in managing the power load. Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are essential tools for wind prediction, but they need accurate initial conditions in order to produce an accurate forecast. However, NWP models are not guaranteed to have accurate initial conditions over wind farms in isolated locations. This study hypothesizes that short-term, 0–3 h, wind forecast can be improved by assimilating anemometer wind speed observations from wind farm turbines into a numerical weather forecast system. A technique was developed to circumvent the requirement of simultaneously ingesting the wind speed and direction in a data assimilation/weather forecasting system. A six-day case study revealed that assimilating wind speed can improve the 0–3 h wind speed (power) forecast by reducing the mean absolute error up to 0.5–0.6 m s−1 (30–40%).

This case presents the “best practices” of a highly successful post-merger integrator that grew from $400 million in 1997, to $1.5 billion in 2000, to $4 billion in 2002. The case focus is on the $4.0 billion IT sector of Northrop Grumman, a company confronting immense change in the rapidly consolidating defense business. This integration is unique in that the product is a complete melding of various companies, systems, leaderships, and cultures of 11 legacy organizations. Not only is the result an organization with a new identity, but also one with new strategic capabilities unavailable to any of the stand-alone legacy companies. A teaching note is available to registered faculty, along with video clips that include footage of weapons systems (e.g., B-2 bomber) and information about the company's PMI process.

A substantial body of research has shown that academic intrinsic motivation/cognitive engagement decreases from grades three through eight (Lepper, Corpus, & Iyengar, 2005). This phenomenon is troubling if education is to be viewed as a process through which learning goals become gradually internalized and connected with one’s sense of self. Although substantial research addresses motivational means through which achievement can be increased, few studies problematize the unintended consequences of these approaches. From a larger quantitative study of the relationship between engagement and achievement (5,392 students in grades 3–12), eight high-achieving, cognitively disengaged middle-school students were interviewed to understand their motivation toward learning. Classroom observations, teacher/principal interviews, and parent surveys contextualized the findings. Thematic analysis was organized according to the subscales of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as described in self-determination...

This paper reviews the rationale and first results of the gas injection pilot that was performed in 2014-2015 on a conventional offshore mature field. This field is a low permeability heterogeneous reservoir under water-flood with undersaturated viscous oil (21°API). The objective of the pilot was to check in a low-cost environment if injecting rich hydrocarbon gas in this oil would be beneficial for oil production. Preparatory work included PVT experiments and SCAL data. The SCAL data allowed to estimate the gas/oil relative permeabilities for gas injection. The PVT work allowed to quantify the gas-oil interactions, especially swelling and deviscosification of the viscous oil. In the field, the pilot was planned and safely implemented in a low-cost environment, using the Huff and Puff approach: an existing producer was used as a gas injector using the gas-lift facilities, and after a 2 week soaking period, it was put back on production, and production data were closely monitored for each cycle. Pressure and Temperature conditions imply that the injected HC gas is not miscible, but since the oil is strongly undersaturated, it was found that the beneficial effect of the gas injection was quite strong on oil properties (Bo and viscosity). Moreover, the richness of the gas allowed a condensing gas drive that is more efficient in terms of deviscosification than what could be achieved with a lean gas. In terms of implementation in the field, a phased approach was adopted. The pilot was started in 2015 using the Huff and Puff technique, with Cycle 1 & 2 showing good results: a beneficial effect has clearly been seen on the liquid and oil rates at the producer when injected gas rate was sufficient, and could be history matched sucessfully. A way forward is also proposed, as a further cycle 3 is currently planned early 2018, in order to derisk the mechanism for larger injected gas volumes, with a possible phase 2 to be planned later on.

International audience; The high-pressure behavior of LuFe2O4 is characterized based on synchrotron X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction, resistivity measurements, X-ray absorption spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy studies. The results obtained enabled us to propose a P-T phase diagram. In this study, the low pressure charge-ordering melting could be detected by synchrotron XRD in the P-T space. In addition to the ambient pressure monoclinic C2/m and rhombohedral R(3) over bar m phases, the possible P (1) over bar triclinic phase, the monoclinic high pressure form Pm and metastable modulated monoclinic phases were observed; the latter modulated monoclinic phases were not observed in the present neutron diffraction data. Furthermore, the transition to the Pm phase which was already characterized by strong kinetics is found to be favored at high temperature (373 K). Based on X-ray absorption spectroscopy data the Pm phase, which could be recovered at atmospheric pressure, can be explained by a change in the Fe-local environment from a five-fold coordination to a distorted 5 + 1 one.

Prudential Equity Group had downgraded Danaher to underweight status, citing concerns over its inadequate organic growth. By March 2009, its CEO wondered how to keep growing a company that faced changing worldwide economic circumstances, pressure from low-cost competitors, new competitors, flat or declining demand for company products, price increases for certain raw materials, and criticism from market analysts.

The role of network structure in intergroup differentiation—the bipolarization of stereotypes that are defensive (ingroup-positive/outgroup-negative) and non-defensive (outgroup-positive/ingroup-negative)—was investigated using a Dynamic Social Impact Theory (DSIT) framework. Three computer-mediated laboratory social network experiments were pooled to test the interaction of network clustering (cliquish structure) and segregation (personal network homogeneity) on intergroup differentiation. Democrats and Republicans during the five months preceding the 2008 U.S. Presidential election, deaf and hearing persons, and women and men participated. Twenty-six 16-person groups (e.g., 8 Democrats, 8 Republicans) serially discussed nine controversial stereotyped rumors in lattice (unclustered) or “family” (clustered) network structures. Support was found for an Ingroup Echo Chamber Effect: segregation led to intergroup differentiation (stronger defensive belief, weaker non-defensive belief) in clustered, but not un...

Background A rare head and neck disease that may benefit from definitive or palliative stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is sinonasal malignant melanoma. These tumors can be very aggressive and often lead to severe epistaxis and significant mass effect. Results from only a handful of head and neck sinonasal malignant melanoma treated with SBRT are available in the current literature. Methods The following reports on 2 cases of sinonasal malignant melanoma that recurred postoperatively and were subsequently treated at Roswell Park with SBRT. Both were treated with a single fraction of 15 Gy. Results Nearly instant relief of their chronic epistaxis and complete responses were seen in both patients. One patient is alive and free of disease 7 years after radiation. Conclusion These patients with sinonasal malignant melanoma achieved symptomatic relief of severe bleeding and airway issues from single-fraction SBRT. SBRT should be considered as a treatment option in patients with unresectable sinonasal malignant melanoma. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E34–E37, 2015

International audience; The mesh network-on-chip (MNoC) is the most popular inter-processor communication infrastructures used in modern on-chip systems. Although many routing algorithms have been developed for MNoCs but almost all of them give better performance in cost of more complexity (more virtual channels) and hence extra power consumption. In this paper, we propose a partially adaptive routing algorithm for meshes that requires no virtual channels to ensure deadlock freedom. Simulation experiments show that the proposed method provides good performance while using less power consumption.

Purpose Greater understanding about how variables mediate the relationship between leadership and achievement is essential to the success of reform efforts that hold leaders accountable for student learning. This multi-source, quantitative study tests a model of integrated transformational leadership including three important school mediators. Design/methodology/approach 5,392 students provided data on student engagement, and 569 teachers provided survey data on principal leadership and the collective teacher efficacy and extra effort of their colleagues. Data were analyzed at the school-level (N = 51) using mediation analysis with the PROCESS macro to calculate the direct and indirect effects of all of the variables in the serial multiple mediator model. Findings The model explained a significant amount of variance in both reading (38%) and mathematics (35%). Collective teacher efficacy and student engagement mediated all of the leadership effects, demonstrating the importance of teacher and student relations in school improvement. The combined effect sizes are significantly greater than the effects of earlier TL models. Originality/value This study contributes to “leadership for learning” research by demonstrating that refining TLBs to include instructional management can enhance a leader's impact on achievement. As one of the few studies to examine student engagement as a mediator along with teacher mediators, the current study highlights the importance of teacher-student relations in school improvement. While collective efficacy mediated all of the effects of leadership on achievement, student emotional engagement also contributed to mathematics achievement. The study’s findings advance research into mutual influence processes, indicating that reciprocity may extend throughout the leader-teacher-student loop.

Background By avoiding chest wall resection, iridium-192 (Ir-192) high-dose-rate (HDR) intraoperative brachytherapy (IOBT) and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) might improve outcomes for high-risk patients requiring surgical resection for pulmonary malignancy with limited pleura and/or chest wall involvement. Methods and materials Seven patients with non-small cell lung cancer involving the pleura or chest wall underwent VATS pulmonary resections combined with HDR IOBT. After tumor extraction, an Ir-192 source was delivered via a Freiburg applicator to intrathoracic sites with potential for R1-positive surgical margins. The number of catheters, dwell position along each catheter, prescription depth, and dose were customized based on clinical needs. Results Six patients had pT3N0M0 non-small cell lung cancers. A seventh case was a recurrent sarcomatoid carcinoma. One case required conversion to open thoracotomy for pneumonectomy with en bloc chest wall resection. There were no intraoperative complications and average operative time was 5.8 hours. Five of seven patients without transmural chest wall involvement underwent rib-sparing resection. Four of the 6 patients treated with VATS and IORT remain alive in follow-up without evidence of local recurrence (median follow-up, 25 months). Noted toxicities were recurrent postoperative pneumothorax, pleural effusion with persistent chest wall pain, avid fibrosis at 2 years of follow-up, and a late traumatic rib fracture. Conclusions HDR IOBT with Ir-192 via VATS is technically feasible and safe for intrathoracic disease with pleural and/or limited chest wall involvement. Short-term morbidity associated with chest wall resection may be reduced. Additional study is required to define long-term benefits.

Participants played the role of managers in a simulated leadership task that required them to deliver instructions to a subordinate (confederate). The subordinate obeyed or disobeyed the manager's orders. Males reported lower feelings of belongingness and control in response to disobedience, which in turn predicted higher levels of negative affect. Males high (compared to low) in the need for power also reported less positive affect and more anger following disobedience. We suggest that workplace disobedience reflects lack of respect for one's authority, and that for males (but not females) this signals the ineffectiveness of direct influence strategies and a reduced potential for social acceptance. Males with strong needs for power expect deference and hence react most adversely to being disobeyed. We thank Chak Wong and Chun Leung for serving as confederates in this study. This research was supported by a National Science Foundation collaborative grant (#0744972) awarded to Martin Bourgeois and Kristin ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To synopsize the current state-of-the-art for radiation and treatment of painful bone metastases with a focus on prostate cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Although external beam radiation has long been known to palliate painful bone metastatic disease for patients with prostate cancer, new studies continue to evolve in this area. Data from randomized studies over the past decade emphasize that palliation can be achieved with single-fraction radiation strategies. Despite these data, and various supportive national and international guidelines, single-fraction regimens are relatively underutilized in the USA as compared with other countries. In addition to external beam radiation, beta-emitting isotopes are also effective as systemic agents for the palliation of painful bone metastases. New alpha-emitters such as Alpharadin (radium-223) are under current development but remain unproven at this time and recent data indicate that this agent can prolong survival in patients with advanced prostate cancer. SUMMARY Radiation in various forms is highly effective for palliation of pain associated with bone metastases.

A 4-month-old female infant with no current medical complaints was seen for a routine 4-month-old wellchild appointment. She was brought to the appointment by her new foster parents, who had taken over her care 1 month prior to presentation. They reported no major illnesses, but did note that her right arm and leg seemed larger than her left; a difference that they felt was particularly noticeable in the upper extremities. Other than this size discrepancy they reported no other current problems. Development was appropriate for age, with the child laughing, cooing, grabbing for objects, and able to roll from front to back on her own. There were no reported constitutional symptoms and weight gain was appropriate; the patient had no easy bruising, no jaundice, no pallor, and had appropriate formula intake and urine output. The patient was born to an HIV-positive mother who was on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and the patient was treated with zidovudine for the first 6 weeks of life. Her HIV-PCR-DNA assays at 2 weeks and 4 weeks, and testing during the present visit at 4 months of age were all negative, documenting that she was not infected. Physical examination revealed a well-nourished, normal-appearing, happy female infant in no apparent distress. Vital signs were as follows: weight 7 kg (90th percentile), length 65 cm (90th percentile), head circumference 42 cm (75th percentile), temperature 97.9°F, heart rate 119 bpm, respiratory rate 24 breaths/min, and blood pressure 85/56 mm Hg. Oropharyngeal examination revealed moist mucus membranes with a normal sized tongue and no pharyngeal erythema or exudate; the anterior fontanelle was open, soft, and flat, and pupils were equal, round, and reactive to light. There was no cervical, auricular, axillary, or inguinal adenopathy. Heart and lung examinations were within normal limits, and the abdomen was soft, nontender, nondistended, with nor moactive bowel sounds, and without any palpated organomegaly. Measurements were obtained and showed a subtle difference between the left and right side in both upper and lower extremities (Table 1). Tone and range of motion were appropriate for age. The limbs on the right were auscultated, with no bruits appreciable. Given the association between hemihyperplasia (hemihypertrophy) and malignancy, the decision was made to obtain an abdominal ultrasound of the liver and kidneys to rule out an abdominal neoplasm.

Thermolyses of dicyclohexyl carbonyl peroxide have been performed in organic solutions of t-butyl pent-4-enyl peroxide or t-butyl perpent-4-enoate in order to study the induced decomposition by cyclohexyl radicals of these peroxides. Induced decomposition of cyclohexylcarbonyl pent-4-enoyl peroxide and pent-4-enyl cyclohexylpercarboxylate has also been studied. In the decomposition of these compounds, SH1 reaction of an acyloxy radical is involved which is, to our knowledge, the first example of such reaction with a perester.

The reaction of N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole with but-3 enoic acid did not lead to the expected azolide; its rearrangement into conjugated isomer was followed by imidazole addition to the double bond. These two reactions make inefficient this preparative method for esters and peresters of alkyl substituted α, β-ethylenic acids and β,γ-ethylenic acids without substituent on the α-carbon.

A fairly robust finding in the deception literature is that lie-tellers show more negative emotion than truth-tellers. Ekman (1985), however, has reasoned that a specific type of negative emotion – anger – is especially difficult to feign and therefore should be more prevalent in truth-tellers who are falsely accused of a transgression than in lie-tellers who are guilty. To our knowledge, Ekman’s prediction has not yet been empirically tested. By comparing the verbal and nonverbal cues associated with truths and lies across a number of lie-eliciting situations, we demonstrate that truth-tellers accused of a wrongdoing do show more anger, both verbally and nonverbally, than lie-tellers accused of the same act, but only in situations where students choose to commit a transgression (or not) and actually believe themselves to be in trouble. Results underlie the importance of taking into consideration the type of lie being told in order to accurately predict deceptive cues.

Bourgeois, Sommer, and Bruno (2009) proposed that having an influence over others fulfills basic needs for belongingness, self-worth, control, accuracy, and meaning. Two studies solicited support for these ideas. Study 1 revealed that people high in the perceived ability to influence others reported higher levels of self-worth, control, and life meaning, and that fulfillment of these needs in turn enhanced subjective well-being. Study 2 established positive relationships between influence and belongingness, control and accuracy within the contexts of work and romantic relationships, and additionally found that meaning in these domains derived from the fulfillment of one or more of these needs. Results of path analyses provided support for models linking perceived influence to job and relationship satisfaction through increases in need fulfillment.

Resume Des etudes anterieures ont suggere que l’espace peripersonnel peut difficilement etre construit a partir d’informations visuospatiales uniquement et necessite la combinaison d’informations visuospatiales et de representations motrices. Ces dernieres peuvent etre considerees comme une activation intentionnelle du systeme moteur prealable a l’action permettant de predire les relations dynamiques entre l’organisme et l’environnement. Dans cette etude, nous analysons l’effet d’une modification de la force musculaire necessaire pour atteindre manuellement une cible visuelle sur la perception de la limite de l’espace peripersonnel. Dans une tâche d’atteinte de cibles visuelles, les participants du groupe experimental ( n = 10) devaient s’adapter a une perturbation inertielle ayant la forme d’un poids de 1,5 kg fixe au niveau du poignet droit. Les participants du groupe temoin ( n = 10) devaient effectuer la tâche motrice sans perturbation inertielle. Une tâche de jugement de ce qui est atteignable a ete effectuee avant et apres la tâche motrice. Les resultats montrent que la perturbation inertielle entraine une hypometrie des trajectoires motrices lors du premier essai suggerant l’application d’une force motrice insuffisante pour compenser l’augmentation de la masse segmentaire. L’erreur spatiale est progressivement eliminee par la repetition des essais. Le jugement perceptif de ce qui parait atteignable n’est pas modifie par cette adaptation motrice. Ainsi, l’adaptation de la force motrice en presence d’une perturbation inertielle ne modifie pas la perception de la limite de l’espace peripersonnel. Compare aux recherches anterieures, ce resultat suggere que les representations motrices impliquees dans la tâche de jugement perceptif fournissent des informations sur les consequences sensorielles et spatiales de l’action plutot que sur le sens de l’effort associe aux productions motrices.

In this study we have determined the morphological, some physiological and biochemical characteristics of a fungal strain isolated from balsamic and cider vinegars. The examination of fungal contamination of 100 balsamic and cider vinegar samples showed that 90% contained more than 104 colony forming units (CFU ml-1), but in most samples (65%) values of more than 105 CFUml-1 were obtained. The most frequent contamination was with Monascus sp. (80% of the samples examined showed 2x103 to 6x105 CFUml-1). This mould can produce secondary metabolites such as citrinin and monacolin KL (lactone form), and monacolin KA (acid form). Using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection, citrinin was found in 68% of the samples. The concentration of these mycotoxins varied between 1.6x10-2 g ml-1 and 7.2x10-2 g ml-1. The concentrations of citrinin were very low, and we can anticipate that this compound at these concentrations has no toxic effects on renal cells. Monacolin was not detected in any sample studied.

Although a great deal of research has investigated the goals served by being influenced by others, virtually none has examined the goals served by having influence over others. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to this understudied research area. Drawing on related research and theory, we suggest that having influence over others serves five needs and/or goals—for accuracy, belongingness, self‐esteem, control, and meaningful existence. Different types of social influence are compared and contrasted in the context of relevant dimensions of influence. We also make a number of suggestions for research to test this model.

Oxidative addition of primary, secondary, or benzylic perfluoroalkyl iodides (RF–I) to the phosphine free Ir(I) precursor Ir(acac)(CO)2 1 (acac = 2,4-pentanedionato) proceeds smoothly to afford octahedral Ir(III) products Ir(acac)(I)(RF)(CO)2, A combination of X-ray crystallographic studies and solution spectroscopy shows that these products are the result of overall trans-addition of the C–I bond to iridium, probably a result of thermodynamic control; evidence for a kinetic product resulting from net cis-addition is obtained in one case. Treatment of the Ir(III) compounds with AgOTf (Tf = CF3SO3) illustrates that the iodo ligand is replaced by triflate with retention of stereochemistry at Ir. The resulting triflate complexes are inert to displacement by H2O or H2. The Ir(III) products exhibit very high CO stretching frequencies in the IR, indicating that the CO ligands may be non-classical. A quantitative estimation of the degree of backbonding to the CO ligands in these compounds, and a comparison of the π-acceptor properties of CO and fluoroalkyl ligands, is made using an approach based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Natural Bond Orbital analyses.Key words: iridium, fluoroalkyl, oxidation, carbonyl, DFT.

This research examines how the public evaluates juvenile defendants tried in different venues and whether participants with different pretrial dispositions evaluate these juvenile defendants differently. In Study 1, 144 undergraduate students judge juveniles tried as adults more harshly than adult defendants or juveniles who were tried in the juvenile court. Prosecution-biased participants judge all defendants more harshly than defense-biased participants. In Study 2, 123 community residents are recruited. Findings of Study 1 are largely replicated. In addition, defense-biased participants are more likely than prosecution-biased participants to endorse the wayward youth stereotype instead of the superpredator stereotype of juvenile defendants. Implications for juvenile justice and further research on the evaluation of juvenile defendants and pretrial bias are discussed.

5p- is a well-defined syndrome, but phenotypic correlations of 5q are poorly described in the literature. We present a case of a female child with interstitial deletion in the 5q13.1q15 region. Comparison of the clinical features of this patient with others reported in the literature suggests an emerging clinical syndrome defined by short stature, failure to thrive, mental retardation, slanting palpebral fissures, malformed ears, short neck and depressed nasal bridge. Based on our endocrine testing, we hypothesize that the short stature could be, in part, due to growth hormone deficiency. The recent assignment of growth hormone receptor gene to the short arm of chromosome 5 and the presence of several genes for growth factors and growth factor receptors on 5q raise interesting possibilities for the explanation of short stature in such cases.

Reductive activation of an α-fluorine in the perfluoroalkyl complexes Cp*(L)(i)Ir-CF2RF using Mg/graphite leads to perfluorocarbene complexes Cp*(L)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFRF (L = CO, PMe3; RF = CF3, C2F5, C6F5). New complexes E-Cp*(PMe3)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFC2F5 and E-Cp*(CO)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFC6F5 have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, and a comparison of metric parameters with previously reported analogues is reported. Experimental NMR and computational DFT (B3LYP/LACV3P**++) studies agree that for Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFRF complexes (RF = CF3, CF2CF3) the thermodynamic preference for the E or Z isomer depends on the steric requirements of ligand L; when L = CO the Z-isomer (F cis to Cp*) is preferred and for L = PMe3 the E-isomer is preferred. When reduction of the precursors is carried out in the dark the reaction is completely selective to produce E- or Z-isomers. Exposure of solutions of these compounds to ambient light results in slow conversion to a photostationary non-equilibrium mixture of E and Z isomers. In the dark, these E/Z mixtures convert thermally to their preferred E or Z equilibrium geometries in an even slower reaction. A study of the temperature dependent kinetics of this dark transformation allows ΔG(‡)298 for rotation about the Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFCF3 double bond to be experimentally determined as 25 kcal mol(-1); a DFT/B3LYP/LACV3P**++ calculation of this rotation barrier is in excellent agreement (27 kcal mol(-1)) with the experimental value. Reaction of HCl with toluene solutions of Cp*(L)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFRF (L = CO, PMe3) or Cp*(CO)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]C(CF3)2 at low temperature resulted in regiospecific addition of HCl across the metal carbon double bond, ultimately yielding Cp*(L)Ir(CHFRF)Cl and Cp*(CO)Ir[CH(CF3)2]Cl. Reaction of HCl with single E or Z diastereomers of Cp*(L)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFRF gives stereospecific cis-addition to give single diastereomers of Cp*Ir(L)(CHFRF)Cl; addition of HCl to several different E/Z ratios of Cp*(L)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFRF affords ratios of diastereomeric products Cp*(L)Ir(CHFRF)Cl identical to the original ratio of starting material isomers. The addition of HCl is therefore demonstrated to be unambiguously regio- and stereo-specific. The observed product regiochemistry of addition of HCl to Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CF2, Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFRF, and Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]C(CF3)2 ligands is the same and is not dependent on the ground state energy preference (singlet or triplet) for the free perfluorocarbene. DFT calculations on model HCl addition reactions indicate that this regiochemistry is strongly preferred thermodynamically, but predict that in H(δ+)-Cl(δ-) addition to Cp(PH3)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CF2, H(δ+) attack at Ir has a lower energy transition state, while for Cp(PH3)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFCF3 and Cp(PH3)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]C(CF3)2, H(δ+) attack at C is the kinetically preferred pathway. The carbene carbon atoms in Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFCF3 and Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]C(CF3)2 complexes are unambiguously basic towards HCl, while in the Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CF2 analogues the carbene carbon is less basic than its Ir partner, and the eventual regiochemistry of HCl addition arises from thermodynamic control.

Branded for its potential electronic ferroelectricity, charge-ordered $\mathrm{LuF}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ has a layered Fe triangular framework, whose topology is a source of degeneracy, both at the charge and spin levels. Here we present an in-depth characterization of $\mathrm{LuF}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}\text{\ensuremath{-}}hp$, the high-pressure $(hp)$ polymorph of $\mathrm{LuF}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$, using electron, x-ray, and neutron diffraction, combined with transport and magnetization measurements. We show that $\mathrm{LuF}{\mathrm{e}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}\text{\ensuremath{-}}hp$ is characterized by a misfit-related monoclinic structure, accommodating a buckled triangular ${[\mathrm{Lu}]}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ layer and two shifted adjacent rectangular ${[\mathrm{Fe}]}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}$ planes belonging to a distorted rock salt--type layer. The release of the geometric frustration of the Fe magnetic lattice in the $hp$ form leads to collinear antiferromagnetic ordering at ${T}_{N}=380\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Possible coexistence of charge and magnetic orders in this material opens research pathways for the design of tunable multifunctional devices using high-pressure techniques.

We have studied the phonon spectrum of ${\text{Mg}}_{2}{\text{Si}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Sn}}_{x}$ alloys using both density-functional theory calculations and neutron measurements. In the low tin concentration limit a resonance is obtained in the lower part of the spectrum. At higher concentrations comparison between theory and experiments shows that a simple averaging of the force constants of the perfect crystals ${\text{Mg}}_{2}\text{Si}$ and ${\text{Mg}}_{2}\text{Sn}$ can explain the main features of the density of states. However we suggest that the tin resonance persists up to large tin concentrations and may therefore be important for transport properties.

A series of primary perfluoroalkyl iridium complexes [IrCp*{(CF2)nCF3}(PMe3)2]+X- [n = 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11; X = I, OTf] has been prepared. X-ray crystallographic studies of a representative exampl...

Participants within groups of three were pre‐tested on a set of issues, discussed a subset of the issues, and were then post‐tested on all the issues. Discussion led to significant group consensus on issues that were discussed by participants. Consensus was also observed for issues that were not discussed by the group, but were related to the discussed issues. Groups did not move toward consensus on non‐discussed issues that were unrelated to the discussed issues. We discuss implications of our results for theories of cognitive consistency, and for the formation of culture within large and small groups.

A new family of metal perfluoroalkyl fluoro compounds has been obtained by treatment of the iodo precursors Cp*Ir(PMe3)(RF)I with AgF in CH2Cl2 solution in the dark to give Cp*Ir(PMe3)(RF)F (RF = CF3, CF2CF3, CF2CF2CF3, CF(CF3)2, CF(CF3)(CF2CF3)). The molecular structures of the compounds with RF = CF2CF3, CF2CF2CF3, CF(CF3)2 have been determined crystallographically. These fluoro compounds provide a ready and reproducible route to the analogous methyl complexes Cp*Ir(PMe3)(RF)CH3, by treatment with exactly 0.5 equiv of Zn(CH3)2 at low temperatures in toluene. Alkylation with other reagents such as CH3Li and Cp2Zr(CH3)2 leads to inseparable mixtures. This metathesis of Ir−F and Zn−CH3 represents the only way to date for the clean reproducible synthesis of Cp*Ir(PMe3)(RF)CH3 compounds containing primary perfluoroalkyl groups. The molecular structures of Cp*Ir(PMe3)(RF)CH3 (RF = CF2CF3, CF2CF2CF3) have been determined crystallographically.

Studies have indicated that vetiver oil and one of its components, nootkatone, possess insecticidal and herbicidal activities. The compounds appear to be good candidates as novel pesticides for substrate (soil, wood, and mulch) treatments. Phytotoxicity is a concern for substrate treatment agents against soil dwelling organisms. Using treated potting media the phytotoxic effect of vetiver oil and nootkatone was evaluated on the pea plants ( Pisum sativum L.; cv, “Kelvedon Wonder”) in the laboratory and on citrus trees ( Citrus unshiu Marcovitch) under field conditions. All the tested chemicals at various concentrations (20, 500, and 2000 μg/g soil) reduced the pea plant growth (plant height, root length, dry weight). Nootkatone treatments had the lowest inhibitory effect on growth, followed by vetiver oil and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (Tim-bor ® ), a registered pesticide with known phytotoxicity. The most inhibitive and injurious effects occurred with Tim-bor ® at concentrations of 500 and 2000 μg/g soil, causing plant mortality of up to 38.9%. No pea plant mortality was observed in nootkatone and vetiver oil treatments. Vetiver oil and nootkatone treatments at the rates of 30 and 100 μg/g potting media had no adverse effect on the citrus plant growth rates. These results support the possible usage of the two chemicals around buildings and in nurseries for the management of termites, ants, and weeds; or in the nursery industry where quarantines may be in place to prevent the movement of invasive pests.

Recent police shootings of unarmed suspects have brought to bear harsh criticism of law enforcement use of deadly force. Two studies sought to investigate perceptions of police misuse of deadly force. Study 1 showed that as number of officers decreased and number of shots increased, perceptions of misuse of force were augmented. Number of shots per officer significantly predicted perceptions of misuse of force. Study 2 investigated the effects of social dominance orientation, blind patriotism, and right-wing authoritarianism. Results showed a significant interaction between number of officers, number of shots fired, and social dominance orientation. This personality variable was an especially strong predictor of misuse of force in situations involving the largest number of shots fired per officer.

In a simulated products liability trial, we tested the effects of bifurcating decisions regarding compensatory and punitive damage awards. Fifty-nine groups of 5-7 jurors heard evidence in a unitary or bifurcated format, deliberated about the case to a unanimous decision, and awarded damages. Trial bifurcation decreased variability in compensatory damage awards across juries hearing the same case, and also decreased the tendency for juries to award extremely high compensatory damages. In addition, deliberation led to lower compensatory awards in the low injury severity condition and higher awards in the high injury severity condition. Jurors reported that they were using evidence more appropriately when the decisions were bifurcated. Implications of evidence bifurcation in civil trials are discussed.

While reaction of n-C3F7I with CpRh(PMe3)(CO) gives the expected product of oxidative addition, CpRh(PMe3)(nC3F7)(I), the analogous reaction of iso-C3F7I affords a mixture of CpRh(PMe3)(CF(CF3)2)(I) and the perfluoroacyl complex CpRh(PMe3)(COCF(CF3)2)(I). The latter compound is not formed from the former by a migratory insertion reaction. In further contrast, low-temperature reaction of CpIr(CO)(PMe3) with n-C3F7I gives the ionic complex [CpIr(CO)(PMe3)(nC3F7)]+I-, which is inert to thermal substitution; treatment with N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMO) results in CO oxidation and iodide coordination to give CpIr(PMe3)(nC3F7)(I). The same reaction at room temperature affords a mixture of four products, including small amounts of [CpIr(CO)(PMe3)(nC3F7)]+I- and CpIr(PMe3)(nC3F7)(I); the major components are the perfluoroacyl complex CpIr(PMe3)(COnC3F7)(I) and the perfluoroacyl(perfluoroalkyl) complex CpIr(PMe3)(COnC3F7)(nC3F7). Crystallographic structure determinations of all these molecules are reported, and...

Ben & Jerry/Unilever raises the issues of (1) how to bring a nonbusiness culture (B&J) into a corporate culture (Unilever) while preserving the value acquired; (2) how to manage a recently acquired subsidiary whose parent company is an ocean away; (3) how, as a corporate-appointed general manager, the French general manger can gain the trust of the acquired firm; and (4) how (or even whether) to preserve the Social Responsibility (SR) aspects of the target. An additional focus might be how (or whether) to export a socially-responsible firm’s values to overseas locations. The case can be positioned near the end of a PMI course, where the students can apply PMI skills in a unique ethical and cultural situation. Alternatively, it can be used in an Ethics course to highlight the challenges of maintaining an SR mission when a public global corporation acquires a local (Vermont) SR organization.

A regional survey of teachers of gifted and talented (G/T) programs, grades kindergarten through nine, in a southeastern state, was carried out. The principle foci of the survey were on theoretical models identified and used by teachers, and the importance of perceived outcome goals for children who are gifted. Respondents claimed awareness of several models of intervention but varied widely in the use of these models. Implications of the disparity between awareness and use of models are discussed. Outcome goals ranked by respondents varied in order, based on three grade level groupings of the teachers, most likely indicating changing perceptions of developmental needs as children progress through grade levels.

Although the field of evolutionary psychology has been perceived to generate predictions that are untestable, one potentially falsifiable prediction of the evolutionary approach is that women should be less upset by unwanted sexual advances from high than from low status men. Three experiments tested this hypothesis within a workplace and an academic setting. Across the first two experiments, women and men were actually more upset by perceived sexual harassment from higher than lower status members of the other sex. Results of Study 3 suggested that women only showed this difference when there was a power relationship involved. These results conflict with the evolutionary prediction and support a sociocultural explanation of reactions to sexual harassment; that is, that they are influenced by power differentials.

Three studies tested the hypothesis that there are genetic constraints on group-level self-organization. In Study 1, an analysis of archival data reported in Eaves, Eysenck, and Martin showed that large groups of monozygotic and dizygotic twins display greater group-level diversity of opinions on issues with higher heritabilities. Results of Study 2 suggested that small groups discussing opinion issues that were higher in heritability showed less tendency toward consolidation (reduction in diversity). Study 3 was a field study showing that students living in a campus housing complex showed less geographic clustering of attitudes on issues with a larger genetic component. Theoretical and practical implications of heritability constraints on dynamic social impact are discussed.

Erikson's theory of psychosocial development views ego identity achievement to be a crucial period in one's life. Although the theory generated a great deal of interest for a time, current models of the self-concept tend to ignore it. This study examined the relationships between Erikson's notion of identity status and several current self-related variables hypothesized to be antecedents and consequences of achieved identity. Degree of parental care and trust predicted identity achievement, which in turn predicted secure attachment and vitality. Identity achievement was also associated with measures of ego strength and development and with discrepancies between actual and ideal selves. Implications of Erikson's theory for modern views of the self are discussed.

Resume La photooxygenation des γ- et δ-pyronenes, realisee pour la premiere fois, conduit classiquement a un hydroperoxyde, un hydroperoxy-peroxyde, et un endoperoxyde respectivement. La reactivite de ces peroxydes est etudiee. Ils conduisent a des composes mono-, di-, voire trifonctionnels, la plupart inedits, pouvant constituer des bases de depart pour la synthese de molecules a potentialite olfactive ou therapeutique.

The goal of the present study was to adapt and to establish normative data for the recently developed Language Screening Test (LAST; Flamand-Roze et al., 2011) in the French-Canadian population according to age and level of education. After an adaptation process, 100 French-Canadian speakers were evaluated with the LAST-Q. As expected, a perfect score of 15/15 was obtained for all high level education participants, and a score of 14/15 was obtained for all participants with a lowest level of education or aged 80 years or more. Thanks to this adaptation, LAST-Q can be used in acute patients in stroke unit in Quebec.