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[b]Introduction. [/b]A large-scale research was performed concerning issues relating to physical activity as an important factor in a healthy lifestyle and involved observing the differences among males and females as future elites of the Ukraine. [b]Objective. [/b]The objective of the research is to assess the physical activity of students from the Ukraine, considering such factors as: gender, leisure time, time spent sitting, sports performed or intended to be performed, and the BMI. [b]Materials and method.[/b] The extended version of the IPAQ, supplemented with 3 original questions by the authors, was applied to a 2,125-strong student group from 12 majors of the University of Luck, Ukraine. [b]Results. [/b]Students from Ukraine portrayed a positive picture of physical activity with significantly higher values in male students of both total activity and its fields, i.e. sports activity and work (studying). The male students performed better in their fitness (condition) self-assessment and the amount of time spent sitting, whereas the female students had better BMI results. Both genders differed considerably in their choice of sport-recreational activities. [b]Conclusions. [/b]Females more than males demonstrated lower indices of participation in physical activity, which did not permit the formulation of a positive assessment of their lifestyle. A positive phenomenon is the normal BMI and trace values of overweight in women, exactly the reverse to males.

Purpose. The aim of the study was to evaluate the physical activity level, nutritional behaviours, and body silhouette concern in 15-17-year-old boys and girls from Eastern European countries.Methods. The research, carried out in 2015, involved 2145 secondary school adolescents, including 877 boys and 1268 girls (mean = 16.5, SD = 2.0). The results of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Health Behaviours Questionnaire were analysed.Results. The questionnaire results allowed to conclude that boys were definitely more active than girls. A significant relationship between physical activity and the number of meals was found. Another significant relationship was observed between higher physical activity in boys who wanted to gain weight and in girls who wanted to lose weight.Conclusions. Both boys and girls have positive attitudes towards their health with regard to their level of physical activity, nutritional behaviours, and body silhouette concern. A significant relationship was found in the interrelationship among the features considered, with simultaneous gender differentiation.

The purpose of the research was to identify the barriers to professional activity among disabled persons in the opinion of the disabled living in rural areas and in the opinion of their employers. We have examined 800 disabled respondents and 100 employers both from Lubelskie Voivodship. People with disabilities indicated the following reasons for inactivity: lack of jobs suitable for people with different levels and types of disability, the importance of place of residence and in this connection difficulties in getting to work; limitations resulting from the disability, inadequate education, and negative attitudes of employers towards persons with disabilities. Important was the fact that the surveyed employers also considered these factors the most crucial causes of the failure to undertake professional activity among the disabled.

The aim of this study was to investigate the physical activity, the basic parameters of physical development, and eating habits of students from Ukraine. The research method of diagnostic survey using a IPAQ questionnaire and nutrition questionnaire was carried out in 2013 among 2 125 students, for 60.8% of women and 39.2% men. As a result of studies beneficial indicators of total physical activity were demonstrated, with higher physical activity of persons who have sufficient amount of free time. The level of BMI indicator is in the majority of students at a normal level. The amount and frequency of meals is a sign of positive healthy behaviors. Also the disadvantageous behaviors occur, such as avoidance and loss of control over eating and induction of vomiting for the sake of one’s body.

The primary objective of the study was recognition of the forms of sports and recreational activities of the disabled living in the regions of Rzeszów, Lublin and Białystok, and determination of the benefits drawn by them from participation in these activities. A total number of 750 were examined. The representative group was selected by the stratified random sampling method. The study was conducted by the method of a diagnostic survey. Research material was collected by means of mutually supplementary research techniques: questionnaire, interview, observation, and analysis of documentation. A detailed analysis of the results obtained allowed the presumption that more than half of the people with disabilities from the eastern regions of Poland participate in sports-recreational activities, with the largest number of respondents with a mild degree of disability. The majority of respondents approach their participation in sports-recreational activities not simply as a form of therapeutic rehabilitation. Respondents most frequently participated in walks, marches, and rehabilitation gymnastics. The largest percentage of respondents had never participated in hydrobics, horseback riding, hippotherapy, and swimming. A considerable number of the respondents would like to participate in - apart from walks, marches, and rehabilitation gymnastics - team games and swimming. According to the respondents’ opinions, forms of sports-recreational activities that are most recommended with respect to the degree and type of disability are: rehabilitation gymnastics, walks, marches, and swimming. Due to the participation in sports-recreational and tourism activities, those with disabilities have a good general well being, their state of health improves, they make new acquaintances and social contacts, make new friends, and elevate their physical efficacy and endurance. The respondents also indicated a change from sedentary lifestyle as well as satisfaction from overcoming both imperfections of own body and anxiety resulting from disability.

The authors present financial aspects of the lives of the disabled living in the Lubelskie Voivodship in the context of age. All the data included are a result of empirical studies conducted in the rural areas. From the presented findings it ensues that the younger the age category of the respondents, the stronger the sense of the material wealth and higher economic status. The above attitudes are a result of better adaptation of the youth to the realities of everyday life and diversified sources of income. Taking this into consideration, it needs to be said that despite major economic problems the rural disabled face, we can observe systematic change in the awareness of this social group.

Mapping out a strategy for the development of tourism requires systematic observance of the changes over longer and shorter periods of time. An analysis of the gathered data on domestic tourists visiting the Lubelskie Voivodship in the years 2001–2010 concerned: the number of tourists, the purposes of the visits, the accommodation, and the seasonal choice of the visits. The analysis that was made shows an unfavorable view of domestic tourism in the Lubelskie Voivodship in terms of the number of tourists, the accommodation and the purposes of the visits. The only favorable premise is the increasing percentage of tourists visiting the region in the winter. The ongoing discussion on the proper strategy for the Lubelskie Voivodship for the following years thus should be adjusted to reflect its assets for tourism.

The observation of changes in foreign tourist-visit-numbers in a particular region of a country is an important premise to analyze its tourist market and map out a strategy for development. The authors have made an analysis of foreign tourists visiting the Lublin Province in the years 2001-2010 considering their number, the purpose of their visits, their accommodation and the expenses they incurred. The analysis of the findings from the last decade has shown diminishing visits by foreign tourists in the Lublin Province in all the analyzed parameters.

Sense of Gender Identity in Women Practicing Football with Consideration of the Formation Introduction. Identification of gender is one of the most important dimensions of building a sense of self-identity; it is also one of the basic criteria for identifying individuals by society. The aim of this study was to determine the types of psychological gender football female players (taking into account the formation), i.e. the sport deemed "masculine". Material and methods. The research group was composed of the female players of the Polish national football team, seniors (n = 26), youth team under the age of 19 (n = 21) and the Polish extra league club athletes (n = 16). The tool research was the "Inventory to assess psychological gender (IPP)" by Kuczyńska. Results. Nearly 70% female football players were included in the androgynous type, while 20% were the persons representing the so-called specified psychological type. The most important feature identifying cultural gender patterns, selected by the female players was "tolerant" - feature of the cultural stereotype known to be neutral, as well as the characteristics attributed to both women and men: "friendly" and "nice". Conclusion. The studies allow for determining the dominant type of psychological gender of female players as androgynous, which is highly expressed combined male and female characteristics.

Actions with the Ball that Determine the Effectiveness of Play in Women's Football Various actions with the ball performed by players during football matches encourage continuous research on game observation to be carried out. It is of special significance in providing information about players and their contribution to the effort of the whole team. Both quantitative and qualitative records enable transformation of the information obtained into data supporting training tasks. In the opinion of the authors, the determination of a winning team is affected to the greatest extent by qualitative factors in the form of coefficients of accuracy and efficiency of particular actions with the ball. A hypothesis was advanced in the study that in women's football there are ball actions whose quality of execution affects winning a match, and that there exists a specific ranking of their significance. Analyses were conducted for nearly 18,000 actions performed with the ball by 130 players, competitors in the European Women's Football Championship in 2005. Statistical tests applied in the study enabled differences between teams of winners and losers to be defined, whereas the analysis of a discriminant function indicated which qualitative factors were the most significant and had the greatest impact on winning a match. A specific hierarchy of the significance of those activities was also elaborated in the study. The most significant activities that affected the victory were: 1×1 play in defense, 1×1 play in offense, accuracy of passes and effective execution of dead-ball situations.

Obserwacja ruchu turystycznego danego kraju lub regionu jest ważnym elementem budowy jego strategii rozwojowej. W pracy dokonano analizy krajowego ruchu turystycznego w woj. lubelskim w latach 2001–2008. Przeanalizowano zmiany liczby przybywających turystów, cele przyjazdów, wykorzystania bazy noclegowej oraz sezonowości pobytów, z uwzględnieniem przyjazdów długookresowych i krótkookresowych. Wyniki analizy wykazały, że Lubelszczyzna nie należy do atrakcyjnych regionów dla turystów, o czym głównie świadczy mała – w porównaniu do innych regionów kraju – liczba odwiedzających ją osób.

W artykule omówiono aktualne tendencje w odniesieniu do turystyki zagranicznej na terenie województwa lubelskiego w katach 2001-2008 z uwzględnieniem liczby przekroczeń granicy przez cudzoziemców oraz liczby turystów. W przypadku przyjazdu turystów wyodrębniono odwiedzających wg celów turystycznych, liczby noclegów, długości pobytu i poniesionych wydatków. Dokonano analizy przyczyn spadku przyjazdów na Lubelszczyznę, jak również wykazano korzystne zjawiska związane z przewartościowaniem celów przyjazdu gości odwiedzających woj. lubelskie. Ukazano szansę zainteresowania Lubelszczyzną przez gości zagranicznych poprzez budowę infrastruktury transportu lotniczego w Świdniku koło Lublina.

The objective of the study was determination of the effect of various forms of physical activity, BMI, and time devoted to computer games on the level of Health-Related Physical Fitness (H-RF) in 6–7-year-old children from Polish rural areas. The study covered 25,816 children aged 6–7: 12,693 girls and 13,123 boys. The evaluations included body height and weight, and 4 H-RF fitness components (trunk strength, explosive leg power, arm strength and flexibility). The BMI was calculated for each child. The Questionnaire directed to parents was designed to collect information concerning the time devoted by children to computer games, spontaneous and additional physical activity. The strength of the relationships between dependent and independent variables was determined using the Spearman’s rank correlation (R[sub]Sp[/sub]), and the relationship by using the regression analysis. The BMI negatively affected the level of all the H-RF components analysed (p=0.000). The negative effect of computer games revealed itself only with respect to flexibility (p=0.000), explosive leg power (p=0.000) and trunk muscle strength (p=0.000). A positive effect of spontaneous activity was observed for flexibility (p=0.047), explosive leg power (p=0.000), and arm strength (p=0.000). Additional activity showed a positive relationship with trunk muscles strength (p=0.000), and explosive leg power (p=0.000). The results of studies suggest that it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention of diseases related with the risk of obesity and overweight among Polish rural children as early as at pre-school age. There is also a need during education for shaping in these children the awareness of concern about own body, and the need for active participation in various forms of physical activity.

The Carpathian Euroregion comprises the population of 5 countries, including Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Romania – members of the European Union, as well as the Ukraine. Young women are statistically less involved in high-intensity physical activity than young men. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between physical activity of young women aged 18–21 years and the BMI and conditioning factors. The study was conducted between 2010–2011 among 2,339 women. The Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (MLTPAQ) was applied. It results from the study that 74.2% of young women are considered to have the proper BMI rate (18.5–24.9). As many as 16.2% are considered underweight and almost 10% have a higher BMI rate and are overweight. More than one third of respondents did not achieve the level of physical activity of 1,000 kcal/week, which is the minimum recommended amount of leisure physical activity time per week. In the case of women with low level of physical activity (

Purpose. The objective of the present study to analyse the styles of coping with stress and the locus of control (LOC) in specific sporting situations of female football players and seeking relationships between the analysed variables. Methods. The study included 50 female football players aged 16-18 years. Two psychological instruments were administered: the Polish language Questionnaire for Examining Locus of Control in Sports Activity (PKSPwS) and the Polish version of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Results. The mean level of the investigated LOC dimensions as well as the styles of coping with stress showed that behaviour associated with avoidance and emotions predominated over task-oriented style. However, taskoriented style was positively related to the locus of control in specific situations that occur in sport. Conclusions. The results of the study suggest that social support and educational initiatives adapted to female athletes are required. These include mental training and the psycho-pedagogical intervention of coaches, where emphasis should be placed on enhancing internal locus of control as well as the development and improvement of effective stress-coping styles.

Free time in the life of both the disabled and those who are able bodied is the time of leisure, recovery and entertainment. The disabled utilize more energy and strength for everyday functioning compared to the able bodied, therefore, an adequate managing of the leisure time they possess is of great importance. This is confirmed by the latest results of American studies.The primary objective of the presented study is the presentation of the various of managing and organizing leisure time among disabled males and females living in the Lublin Region, with the consideration of statistical significance.A total of 360 disabled people were examined--187 females and 173 males, with physical, mental, complex and sensory disability. The study was conducted by a diagnostic survey with the use of a questionnaire form.The results of own studies show small variation in the aspects of managing and organizing free time according to the respondents' gender. During their leisure time, both males and females watch TV, listen to the radio, read books and go for walks. They obtain information concerning offers for spending free time from the media, specialist institutions, associations and acquaintances, and expect assistance in the organization of their leisure time from specialist institutions, associations, and family members. The respondents are most interested in participating in a stay in a rehabilitation spa, permanent activities for the disabled, and trips. To-date they have participated in walking tours, bicycle tours, outdoor bivouacs and pilgrimages in the company of their family members and friends.

Studies of the physical activity of 17-year-old adolescents attending selected schools in Lithuania were conducted in 2010 with the use of the IPAQ. The adolescents differed with respect to the scope of leisure time possessed. Considerably more boys than girls indicated that they had a sufficient amount of leisure time, but to the contrary, considerably more girls than boys declared that they possessed an insufficient amount of free time. The majority of schoolchildren were characterized by a high level of physical activity, with the larger group being boys. Low activity was not observed among boys, and in only a few girls. Moderate effort constituted the highest percentage of physical activity among adolescents, whereas an intensive activity - the lowest. Considering the total area of activity, there dominated occupational activity (education), while its smallest percentage was devoted to sports and recreation. Boys evaluated their physical efficacy in more negative terms than girls. Adolescents with a higher self-reported efficacy were characterized by higher physical activity. The majority of adolescents had a normal BMI. Girls and boys had different preferences concerning motor activities. Girls mainly used walks, bicycle riding, and running, while boys also chose bicycle riding and running, and played sports games. The adolescents also had new expectations - girls reported mainly horse riding, aerobics and dancing, whereas boys mentioned football and bodybuilding fitness exercises.

The alarming problem of a decline in physical activity among children and adolescents and its detrimental effects on public health has been well recognised worldwide. Low physical activity is responsible for 6% of deaths worldwide and 5-10% of deaths in the countries of the WHO European Region, according to country. Within the last decade, many initiatives have been launched to counteract this phenomenon. The objective of presented study was analysis of the level of physical activity among adolescents and young adults in Poland, according to the IPAQ questionnaire. The study group covered 7,716 adolescents: 5,086 children attending high school and secondary schools and 2,630 university students. Low physical activity was noted among 57% of schoolchildren and 20.84% of students. Analysis of the level of physical activity according to the IPAQ indicated that it was lower among girls, compared to boys. An additional analysis, with the consideration of the place of residence, showed that the highest percentage of the population with low physical activity was noted in the rural areas (29.30%), while among the urban inhabitants of cities with a population above 100,000 it was on the level of 23.69% and 20.57%. Median for weekly physical activity by respondents" gender was on the level of 1,554.00 MET*min. weekly among females, and 2,611.00 MET*min. weekly among males (p0.000). The highest weekly physical activity expressed in MET*min. was observed among the inhabitants of towns with a population less than 100,000, whereas among the rural population and inhabitants of large cities with a population of over 100,000 the weekly physical activity was on a similar level (1,830.50 and 1,962.00 respectively). An extended analysis of respondents' physical activity showed that during the day students spend significantly more time in a sedentary position, compared to schoolchildren. The presented results of studies indicate the necessity to continue and intensify actions to promote various forms of physical activity among students and schoolchildren. A constant decrease in physical activity observed among children and adolescents suggests that it is necessary to pay greater attention to this social group while developing health programmes.

Disability is a serious social, cultural and economic problem, the solving of which requires both legal regulations and coordinated activities by the State. A constantly increasing number of the disabled is an important premise for undertaking actions aimed at complex rehabilitation of this population group, and their engagement in social and economic life. Creating possibilities for spending free time in an attractive way, in accordance with ones interests and needs, is an essential area of rehabilitation activities. In 2005, the Institute of Tourism and Recreation at the State Higher Vocational School in Biał Podlaska launched representative, complex studies concerning the social conditioning of involvement of the disabled from the regions of Eastern Poland in tourism and mobile recreation. The presented material is an excerpt from this study report. It concerns barriers which limit or make it impossible for disabled males and females to participate in tourism and mobile recreation in the regions of Lublin, Rzeszow, and Białstok. Among barriers, which to the highest degree limit the participation of the disabled in tourism and recreation, the respondents indicated their poor material standard. Other important barriers were inconveniences associated with transport, lack of up-to-date information, and type of disability. The barriers limiting motor activity were also analyzed according to gender. Statistically significant differences were observed between males and females with respect to the following characteristics: transport, lack of adequate information, lack of off er of activities, and lack of assistance. It is noteworthy that males more strongly than females emphasized such barriers as lack of information, off er of assistance, while females indicated the problems with transport.

Environmental determinants for participation of disabled subjects in tourism and recreation comprise an important social problem. The amount and use of free time for individuals with disabilities in daily life, holidays, and vacation leave and the location for tourism and recreation were examined. Seven hundred and fifty individuals, aged 16-75 yr, with varying degrees of disability, from three eastern provinces of Poland: Podlaskie, Lubelskie and Podkarpackie were investigated. In these studies, a diagnostic survey method with the use of questionnaire, interviews, and analysis of data was carried out. It was found that individuals with disabilities have a significant amount of free time, which is usually spent with family and friends. Among the specific benefits of participation in physical activities are well-being, health improvement, and making new acquaintances. The main factors determining participation in tourism and recreation were price, a friendly group, and doctor recommendations.

Background: Examining the level of physical activity in students is a vital issue as these young people are the future social elite. Methods: The research was conducted in the years 2013&ndash, 2016 and comprised 5008 males and females, mean age of 20.5 &plusmn, 2.1 years, including 2237 (55.3%) students from students from Eastern European National University, Lutsk, and Ternopil State Medical University, Ukraine, as well as 2237 (44.7%) from the Visegrad countries, i.e., University of P&eacute, cs in Hungary, University in Kosice, Slovakia, University of Olomunec in the Czech Republic and the State School of Higher Education in Biała Podlaska, Poland. It applied a diagnostic survey&mdash, the extended version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), supplemented with original questions regarding body weight, height, self-assessment of physical fitness and amount of leisure time. Results: The comparison of students&rsquo, PA from selected European countries, members of the Visegrad group and Ukraine, is particularly vital to the latter country as it demonstrates a different level of socio-economic development. There was noted a significantly higher level of physical activity in students from the Visegrad countries than in Ukraine. Further, there was an overall lower level of physical activity in females compared to males. What was positive about the studied samples was a healthy BMI index in the majority of the male and female respondents, with a significantly higher indicator in Ukraine. Conclusions: Among the factors significantly affecting higher physical activity in both researched samples were the BMI and high self-assessment of physical fitness. There was no significant variation in the level of physical activity and the amount of leisure time, both in those studying in the Visegrad states and Ukraine.