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Objective The surgical management of nasal septal defects due to perforations, malformations, congenital cartilage absence, traumatic defects, or tumors would benefit from availability of optimally matured septal cartilage substitutes. Here, we aimed to improve in vitro maturation of 3-dimensional (3D)-printed, cell-laden polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds and test their in vivo performance in a rabbit auricular cartilage model. Design Rabbit auricular chondrocytes were isolated, cultured, and seeded on 3D-printed PCL scaffolds. The scaffolds were cultured for 21 days in vitro under standard culture media and normoxia or in prochondrogenic and hypoxia conditions, respectively. Cell-laden scaffolds (as well as acellular controls) were implanted into perichondrium pockets of New Zealand white rabbit ears ( N = 5 per group) and followed up for 12 weeks. At study end point, the tissue-engineered scaffolds were extracted and tested by histological, immunohistochemical, mechanical, and biochemical assays. Results Scaffolds previously matured in vitro under prochondrogenic hypoxic conditions showed superior mechanical properties as well as improved patterns of cartilage matrix deposition, chondrogenic gene expression ( COL1A1, COL2A1, ACAN, SOX9, COL10A1), and proteoglycan production in vivo, compared with scaffolds cultured in standard conditions. Conclusions In vitro maturation of engineered cartilage scaffolds under prochondrogenic conditions that better mimic the in vivo environment may be beneficial to improve functional properties of the engineered grafts. The proposed maturation strategy may also be of use for other tissue-engineered constructs and may ultimately impact survival and integration of the grafts in the damaged tissue microenvironment.

47 p. -- Bibliogr.: p. 24-26 El presente trabajo pretende ser una aproximación a la figura de Alfonso X y a su labor historiográfica, además de una modesta contribución a la conmemoración del VIII centenario de su nacimiento. Por ello, he tratado de resaltar su ímprobo trabajo, como impulsor del uso del castellano en todos los ámbitos culturales y, más específicamente, en su labor historiográfica. Tomando esta última como referente contextual, el objetivo de este trabajo ha sido realizar un análisis comparativo de la leyenda de «Don Rodrigo y la pérdida de España», prestando un especial interés en la realización de estudio léxico-semántico tomando como modelo los trabajos filológicos clásicos de la Escuela de Filología Española pidalina.

DNA damage has long been advocated as a molecular driver of aging. DNA damage occurs in a stochastic manner, and is therefore more likely to accumulate in longer genes. The length-dependent accumulation of transcription-blocking damage, unlike that of somatic mutations, should be reflected in gene expression datasets of aging. We analyzed gene expression as a function of gene length in several single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of mouse and human aging. We found a pervasive age-associated length-dependent underexpression of genes across species, tissues, and cell types. Furthermore, we observed length-dependent underexpression associated with UV-radiation and smoke exposure, and in progeroid diseases, Cockayne syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy. Finally, we studied published gene sets showing global age-related changes. Genes underexpressed with aging were significantly longer than overexpressed genes. These data highlight a previously undetected hallmark of aging and show that accumulation of genotoxicity in long genes could lead to reduced RNA polymerase II processivity. This work was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI22/01247 and PI19/01621), co-funded by the European Union, and Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa. OI-S received the support of a fellowship from “Programa Investigo” of Lanbide-Servicio Vasco de Empleo, co-funded by the European Union (NextGenerationEU), la Caixa Foundation (ID 100010434; code LCF/BQ/IN18/11660065), and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 713673. The work of IB was financially supported in part by grants from the Departamento de Educación, Política Lingüística y Cultura del Gobierno Vasco [IT1456-22] and by the Ministry of Science and Innovation through BCAM Severo Ochoa accreditation [CEX2021-001142-S/MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033] and through project [PID2020-115882RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033] funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación and acronym “S3M1P4R” and also by the Basque Government through the BERC 2022–2025 program.

Aging is often associated with a loss of cell type identity that results in an increase in transcriptional noise in aged tissues. If this phenomenon reflects a fundamental property of aging remains an open question. Transcriptional changes at the cellular level are best detected by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). However, the diverse computational methods used for the quantification of age-related loss of cellular identity have prevented reaching meaningful conclusions by direct comparison of existing scRNAseq datasets. To address these issues we created Decibel, a Python toolkit that implements side-to-side four commonly used methods for the quantification of age-related transcriptional noise in scRNAseq data. Additionally, we developed Scallop, a novel computational method for the quantification of membership of single cells to their assigned cell type cluster. Cells with a greater Scallop membership score are transcriptionally more stable. Application of these computational tools to seven aging datasets showed large variability between tissues and datasets, suggesting that increased transcriptional noise is not a universal hallmark of aging. To understand the source of apparent loss of cell type identity associated with aging, we analyzed cell type-specific changes in transcriptional noise and the changes in cell type composition of the mammalian lung. No robust pattern of cell type-specific transcriptional noise alteration was found across aging lung datasets. In contrast, age-associated changes in cell type composition of the lung were consistently found, particularly of immune cells. These results suggest that claims of increased transcriptional noise of aged tissues should be reformulated.

The modern North Caucasian poetry as the phenomenon in the context of the allRussian literary process is investigated in the article, as well as implementation of the concept of an innovative model of poetic understanding of the world and the forms of its representation. The synthesis of artistic discoveries generated by the sensations and views of the 21st century man is specified as its characteristic feature, with the priority of the fundamental values and stereotypes established in the popular consciousness, clearly observed in the minds of both the recognized masters and the younger generation of poets. The ideological and aesthetic principles of the development of reality, the individual and stylistic peculiarities of poetic creativity are highlighted in the article. The analysis of the works of the Balkar, Karachay, Ossetian, Chechen authors enables to introduce into scientific circulation a number of new names; an attempt is made to reproduce a holistic picture of the modern artistic thought of the reviewed region, formed on the basis of the closest interconnections with the ethnonational existence and social cultural dynamics of the Russian society. As a result of the study, key points in the development of the creative consciousness of North Caucasian authors were identified, the aesthetic-semantic hierarchy, ethnocultural sources and dominants of value-orientation unity in the content and problematics of works were indicated. And the structural features of the poetic text, modified in Russian poetry of the 21 century, in a comparative aspect with the modern North Caucasian poetic culture are also examined.

Lejla Burnazovic-Ristic,1 Andrea Todic,2 Sanita Maleskic Kapo,1 Jasna Kusturica,1 Aida Kulo Cesic,1 Svjetlana Loga-Zec,1 Izeta Aganovic-Musinovic,3 Maida Rakanovic-Todic1 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; 2Sendcloud B.V., Eindhoven, the Netherlands; 3Immunology Department, Medical Faculty University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and HerzegovinaCorrespondence: Sanita Maleskic Kapo, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Tel +387 61 394 144, Email sanita.maleskic@mf.unsa.baPurpose: Educational interventions have already been shown to positively affect awareness of clinical trials (CTs) among medical students. We aimed to explore basic knowledge and attitudes about CTs among medical students in terms of educational interventions that should be reflected in their further involvement in performing CTs and their role in raising awareness about CTs.Methods: This cross-sectional, self-report anonymous online survey involved undergraduate medical students of the Medical Faculty University of Sarajevo enrolled in classes held within the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology in the academic year 2015– 2016. To include all accessible subjects for better representation of the whole population, consecutive sampling was applied.Results: Among 142 students who completed questionnaire, 50% of them expressed partial or full agreement with the questionnaire statement that they were satisfied with the available information on CTs. Only 38% said they would participate in a CT, 21% would not, while 41% were not sure. Positive correlations were detected for composite subscale scores of agreement with questionnaire statements conveying the student’s knowledge about ethical and legal aspects of CTs and their perception about reliability/integrity and impact of CTs on medical practice.Conclusion: Students have knowledge of the basic design and ethical aspects of CTs. Positive attitudes toward the impact of CTs on medical practice were shown in students of higher years of study, where educational intervention of additional knowledge of CTs was inserted and those students expressed better knowledge of CTs. However, no significant impact was detected between knowledge and willingness to participate in CTs, irrespective of years of study, reflecting the third of students that would participate in CTs. Changes in medical curricula led to the change in students’ knowledge and attitudes regarding CTs as well as their involvement in CTs.Keywords: students, knowledge, education, questionnaire, intervention

Surveillance of physiological parameters of newborns during delivery triggers medical decision-making, can rescue life and health, and helps avoid unnecessary cesareans. Here, the development of a photonic technology for monitoring perinatal asphyxia is presented and validated in vivo in a preclinical stage. Contrary to state of the art, the technology provides continuous data in real-time in a non-invasive manner. Moreover, the technology does not rely on a single parameter as pH or lactate, instead monitors changes of the entirety of physiological parameters accessible by Raman spectroscopy. By a fiber-coupled Raman probe that is in controlled contact with the skin of the subject, near-infrared Raman spectra are measured and analyzed by machine learning algorithms to develop classification models. As a performance benchmarking, various hybrid and non-hybrid classifiers are tested. In an asphyxia model in newborn pigs, more than 1000 Raman spectra are acquired at three different clinical phases-basal condition, hypoxia-ischemia, and post-hypoxia-ischemia stage. In this preclinical proof-of-concept study, figures of merit reach 90% levels for classifying the clinical phases and demonstrate the power of the technology as an innovative medical tool for diagnosing a perinatal adverse outcome.

OBJETIVO: Analizar la Estructura Organizacional del Centro de Reinserción Social de Tabasco (CREST). MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: La investigación se desarrolla en una Institución dependiente de la administración pública. En un primer momento se entrevista al titular de la dependencia. En un segundo momento se entrevista al personal administrativo. Para todos los entrevistados, se utilizó una entrevista estructurada con la finalidad de obtener la información definida en sus actividades que posteriormente nos determinarían las funciones de cada unidad administrativa. RESULTADOS: Esta parte consiste en la elaboración de un reporte escrito en donde se presentará los resultados obtenidos de la investigación que concluyen con la definición de la estructura organizacional de tipo funcional y la descripción de funciones de las áreas que integran la organización. CONCLUSIONES: La investigación fue en colaboración con el personal, que labora en el CREST, aportando la descripción de sus actividades. Después de revisar los diferentes tipos y diseños de organigramas, se decidió por la implementación y diseñó de un organigrama con estructura organizacional de tipo funcional, considerando el tipo de organismo social investigado y las cadenas de mando y canales de comunicación.

Los restos óseos y dentarios de micromamíferos son frecuentes en sitios arqueológicos, paleontológicos y en espacios urbanos y rurales. La Lechuza de Campanario (Tyto alba), distribuida en todo el continente americano, es uno de los acumuladores más comunes de este tipo de restos. En este sentido, es necesario analizar su comportamiento de depredación en relación con las presas obtenidas y descartadas en sus egagrópilas en ambientes específicos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis tafonómico de restos óseos y dentarios en egagrópilas de Lechuza de Campanario colectadas en dos tipos de sitios (percha y nido) y dos zonas ecológicas (Chaco Árido y Chaco Serrano) diferentes del área seca de la ecorregión Gran Chaco, en el sur de América del Sur. Se evaluó la composición taxonómica, la abundancia relativa de partes esqueléticas, patrones de fractura, digestión en elementos craneales y postcraneales para caracterizar los patrones tafonómicos generados por este depredador. Los resultados confirman su inclusión en la categoría de modificación ligera. Sin embargo, los valores de digestión y fractura obtenidos en este análisis difieren de los modelos reportados en otros estudios realizados en África, Europa y Sudamérica. La sobrerrepresentación de roedores caviomorfos (ca. 60%) en uno de los conjuntos analizados resulta novedosa para el cono sur de América del Sur. Entre ellos, se reporta el primer registro del Cuis Chaqueño (Microcavia jayat) para zonas bajas de la provincia de Córdoba. Se espera que los resultados puedan utilizarse como marco de referencia o análogo moderno en la interpretación de la formación de registros arqueológicos y fósiles, así como para reforzar y fortalecer las inferencias paleoambientales.

The Ongamira Valley (Córdoba, Argentina) shows a persistent occupational history of its territory. Even one of the first Argentinian radiocarbon (14C) dates was calculated in this valley; for 70 years, the chronology was based on relative dates (stratigraphy and its cultural content). For this reason, since 2010 a14C dating program has been developed focusing on the chronology of eight of the 60 sites identified so far for the valley. This work reports the outcomes of this program with 27 new dates. These data have been related to characteristics of the material culture, use of space and mobility of hunter-gatherer societies. The results have allowed us to bring new insights into a continuous occupation of the valley since the Middle Holocene according to the human peopling models proposed. It has also been possible to provide greater chronological precision to various activities related to feeding practices, use of space associated with rock-shelters, palaeoenvironmental changes and incorporation of new technologies into daily practices.