Search

Long-lived particles (LLPs) show up in many extensions of the Standard Model, but they are challenging to search for with current detectors, due to their very displaced vertices. This study evaluated the ability of the trigger algorithms used in the Large Hadron Collider beauty (LHCb) experiment to detect long-lived particles and attempted to adapt them to enhance the sensitivity of this experiment to undiscovered long-lived particles. A model with a Higgs portal to a dark sector is tested, and the sensitivity reach is discussed. In the LHCb tracking system, the farthest tracking station from the collision point is the scintillating fiber tracker, the SciFi detector. One of the challenges in the track reconstruction is to deal with the large amount of and combinatorics of hits in the LHCb detector. A dedicated algorithm has been developed to cope with the large data output. When fully implemented, this algorithm would greatly increase the available statistics for any long-lived particle search in the forward region and would additionally improve the sensitivity of analyses dealing with Standard Model particles of large lifetime, such as KS0 or Λ0 hadrons.

We present new petrographic and chemical data together with calculated P-T equilibrium conditions of peridotite xenoliths enclosed in kimberlites from Rondônia, Northern Brazil (Cosmos-1 and Carolina-1) and Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil (Canastra-1) located in the Azimuth 125º Lineament. The composition of the mantle minerals is distinct in both areas, which can be related to the diversity of the lithospheric mantle beneath the southwestern portion of the Amazonian Craton and the Brasília Belt. New and compiled chemical data indicate that subcalcic G10 garnet occurs in samples from the Canastra-1 kimberlite and other occurrences of the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province and can be related to the remnants of the Archean lithospheric mantle of the São Francisco Craton beneath the area. The garnets from Rondônia are mostly G5 (pyroxenitic) and G9 (lherzolitic) with a higher abundance of G3 (eclogitic) and G4 (pyroxenitic/eclogitic) relative to the Alto Paranaíba Igneous Province. Higher pressures and temperatures were calculated for the samples from Rondônia (40-60 kbar and 1030-1380 ºC) compared to samples from Minas Gerais (25-40 kbar and 730-1000 ºC). The peridotite xenoliths from Rondônia show P-T equilibrium conditions in the diamond stability field and can be the source of at least part of the diamond from the area. The P-T stability fields of the xenoliths from both locations are aligned close to the 40 mW/m2 geotherm. The data indicate that the cratonic 40 mW/m2 geothermal gradient in Rondônia may be related to a process of thermal relaxation of the lithospheric mantle after the Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic tectonothermal events of the southwestern Amazonian Craton until the sampling of the xenoliths by the magma in the Permian-Triassic.

We introduce a connection between a near-term quantum computing device, specifically a Gaussian boson sampler, and the graph isomorphism problem. We propose a scheme where graphs are encoded into quantum states of light, whose properties are then probed with photon-number-resolving detectors. We prove that the probabilities of different photon-detection events in this setup can be combined to give a complete set of graph invariants. Two graphs are isomorphic if and only if their detection probabilities are equivalent. We present additional ways that the measurement probabilities can be combined or coarse-grained to make experimental tests more amenable. We benchmark these methods with numerical simulations on the Titan supercomputer for several graph families: pairs of isospectral nonisomorphic graphs, isospectral regular graphs, and strongly regular graphs.

Although nonlinear optical spectroscopy of nanostructures, nanomaterials, and nanomedicines has been widely used to observe and study the nature of nonlinear optical (NLO) phenomena, the field has to improve for the single nanostructure system. However, it is extremely difficult to investigate the nonlinear optical behaviors of single nanostructure materials because the optical setup used in the experiment has to obligate a high resolution imaging arrangement and overcome the diffraction limit problem. This paper presents that a newly modified z-scan technique with imaging as a starting point for nonlinear optics measurement technology has been successfully implemented to investigate silver nanoparticle aggregation. Such single aggregation with a diameter of ∼1.56 µm made from silver nanoparticles has been precisely observed with an imaging profile on an aggregation target with a large nonlinear absorption coefficient of 8.90 × 109 cm/GW. This technique suggests a wide impact application for a better understanding and knowledge in conjunction with the origin of NLO behavior in any nanomaterials, including nanomedicines.

This paper presents a review of available lithostratigraphic and isotopic data, in addition to other information collected from projects of the Geological Survey of Brazil (SGB-CPRM), for the Rio Piranhas-Seridó Domain (PSD). This domain is one of the tectonostratigraphic compartments of the central-northeast portion of the Borborema Province (Northeast Brazil), bound by the Picuí-João Câmara, Patos and Portalegre shear zones. More recent isotopic determinations (U-Pb dating of zircon) and geological maps (usually on a 1:100000 scale) have clearly detected and/or redefined several units, e.g., the Amarante, Campo Grande, Granjeiro and Saquinho complexes, in addition to the Serra do Ingá body (Archean), Arabia Complex (Siderian), Caicó Complex and Serra da Formiga Suite (Rhyacian), Poço da Cruz Suite (Orosirian-Statherian), Seridó Group (Ediacaran) and Ediacaran to Early-Cambrian magmatic suites, in addition to pegmatites and granitic pegmatites. With respect to the supracrustal rocks of the Seridó Group, the deposition in the Ediacaran is based on field relations and on the ages of detrital zircons, which showed a greater contribution from Mesoarchean to Neoproterozoic sources, the vast majority of which may come from the PSD itself. Current records indicate that the evolution of the PSD started in the Eoarchean, and peaked in the Neoproterozoic with the Brasiliano event, which is characterized by sedimentation of the Seridó Group, intrusion of plutonic bodies, deformation and metamorphism (especially at the regional level), in addition to the formation or reactivation of important shear zones. Such evolution is acknowledged on the basis of the accretion of oceanic arcs during the Paleoproterozoic (containing Archean fragments), including the generation of juvenile magmas and a protocrust (Caico Complex). The Neoproterozoic record, associated with the Brasiliano event, is considered by several authors as reworking with no or little contribution of juvenile material, with deposition of the Seridó Group, emplacement of several Ediacaran to Early-Cambrian magmatic suites, accompanied by the formation of shear zones, predominantly in the southern and eastern portion of the domain.

Simple Summary: Forage serves as the primary nutritional resource for livestock; however, the consistent availability of high-quality forage is hindered by seasonal variations in environmental conditions, particularly in semiarid regions. In response to this challenge, silage derived from corn plants without ears (hereafter referred to as earless corn silage or ECS) has emerged as a strategic means for enhancing the income of green corn producers in Brazil. Notably, ECS has transitioned from a byproduct to a marketable feed with prices comparable to those of conventional corn silage. Under this scenario, forages adapted to such arid conditions, such as cactus cladodes (CC), are imperative. However, CC must be associated with feedstuffs possessing elevated fiber content. Coproducts, such as sugarcane bagasse (SB), present a viable solution for ameliorating the low neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content in CC-based diets. While SB is classified as a low-quality roughage, its key advantage lies in its availability during periods of forage scarcity and its cost-effectiveness. Our research demonstrates the feasibility of substituting, even partially, ECS with a combination of CC and SB, offering an excellent alternative for milk producers. By embracing CC as the most readily producible forage in semiarid regions, producers can reduce their reliance on external inputs, leveraging the utilization of this forage alongside ingredients with increased fiber content, such as SB, which is both economically advantageous and accessible. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing earless corn silage (ECS) with cactus cladodes (CC; Opuntia spp.) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) on nutrient intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, milk yield (MY), and composition of lactating dairy cows. Ten Holstein cows, weighing 571 ± 97.0 kg and producing 23.0 ± 4.4 kg of milk per day, were assigned to two contemporaneous 5 × 5 Latin squares. Treatments consisted of five levels of ECS replacement with CC plus SB (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). The results showed a linear increase in dry matter (DM) intake (p < 0.05) (15.98 and 18.73 kg/day) and a quadratic increase (p < 0.05) in crude protein and energy intake (2.97 kg/day and 27.52 Mcal/day at 95.4 and 88.6% substitution, respectively). Apparent DM digestibility increased (p < 0.05), but fiber digestibility decreased linearly (p < 0.05). Treatments had a quadratic effect (p < 0.05) on MY and fat-corrected MY (24.17 kg/day and 21.9 kg/day at 63.9% and 38.6% CC plus SB, respectively). Milk fat (3.26 and 2.35%) and total solids content decreased linearly (p < 0.05), whereas the percentages of protein, lactose, and nonfat solids increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, the CC–SB diets linearly reduced the time spent on feeding and rumination and total chewing time. For Holstein cows fed common semiarid diets, milk production can be maximized by replacing 38.6% of ECS with CC plus SB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]