Search

Recently, legislative acts on the protection of the green belt have been increasingly adopted in various states. Using the legislation examples of the United Kingdom, the Canadian province of Ontario, and Russia, we have identified public relations that can be the subject of regulation of such legislation. Based on the analysis of typical legal conflicts, the problem areas which need the most attention of the legislator have been identified. The methods of differentiation of the legal regime for various areas within the green belt are investigated, taking into account their geographical features and specific management goals. The most promising areas for legal regulation that require the increased attention of legislators speak to the establishment of the procedures and criteria for excluding land plots from the green belt, the regulation of village development processes within the green belt, the establishment of a comprehensive list of agricultural types of permitted use, and the establishment of the procedure for the development of specialized plans or strategies for the use and protection of the green belt. The article offers solutions to these issues. The methodology of comparative law, including the functional method, was used in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are known to frequently suffer from comorbid cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). There are abundant data on cytokine levels and their role in the pathogenesis of SLE, while growth factors have received much less attention. The aim of this study was to analyze growth factor levels in SLE patients and their association with the presence of comorbid CVDs. The serum concentrations for the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), nerve growth factor β (NGFβ), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and neuregulin-1 β (NRG-1β) were determined in the SLE patients (n = 35) and healthy individuals (n = 38) by a Luminex multiplex assay. The NGFβ and NRG-1β concentrations were shown to be significantly higher in the total group of SLE patients (median [Q1–Q3]: 3.6 [1.3–4.5] and 52.5 [8.5–148], respectively) compared with the healthy individuals (2.9 [1.3–3.4] and 13.7 [4.4–42] ng/mL, respectively). The GM-CSF and GDNF levels did not differ. Interestingly, elevated NRG-1β levels were associated with the presence of CVDs, as SLE patients with CVDs had significantly higher NRG-1β levels (99 [22–242]) compared with the controls (13.7 [4.4–42]) and patients without CVDs (19 [9–80] ng/mL). The model for the binary classification of SLE patients with and without CVDs based on the NRG-1β level had an average predictive ability (AUC = 0.67). Thus, altered levels of growth factors may be associated with comorbid CVDs in SLE patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chlamydia is a group of zoonotic diseases caused by Chlamydiaceae spp., which carries high potential risks for animal welfare, public health and animal husbandry. The application of effective vaccines for livestock is still one of the major important tools of managing Chlamydia infection. In this study, the main characteristics of the currently available Russian commercial inactivated whole-cell mono-, polyvalent, and combination vaccines for the prevention of either a single Chlamydia infection (monoinfection) or multi-pathogen infection in livestock, cattle, small ruminants, pigs, farm birds, and fur animals are briefly reviewed. All of the vaccines are inactivated, absolutely safe for the immunization of target livestock and naive untreated contacting animals in the same herd and produce no documented serious vaccine-related complications. Since chlamydia has not yet been eradicated in the world, the infection persists in nature and can be transmitted from infected livestock, wild, domestic animals, and migratory birds to unprotected farm animals. Thus, the availability of effective and safe chlamydia vaccines remains an important aspect for the prevention and control over Chlamydia infection in Russian Federation and worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgency of the problems stated in the paper is conditioned by the need to develop and adopt a new concept of legislation, which would have fixed the starting positions and the principles of legal regulation of relations in the sphere of fuel and energy complex, including the forms of Russia's participation in international projects in the conditions of civilized market relations. The aim of the paper is to develop basic methods and techniques of energy legislation's systematization, which should be an integrated complex of the Russian Federation legislation, a set of normative legal acts regulating the relations arising in the sphere of organization and functioning of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian economy. The leading method to the study of this problem is the simulation method allowing addressing of this issue as a purposeful and organized process of systematization of energy legislation when activating it in an efficient integrated system. The authors conclude that the modernization of the regulatory framework in the energy sector should be carried out on the basis of the developed general economic and legal concept of energy development and energy legislation of modern Russia and must be based on the accumulated legislative experience of Russia and foreign countries, take into account the successful international practice in this area. The proposals made in the paper are aimed at improving the procedural forms of commercial justice in Russia, first of all--support of and use in the practice of pretrial forms of conflicts resolution, alternative forms, such as negotiations, mediation, arbitration courts, commercial arbitration, negotiations within trial to conclude settlement agreements, including with the use of experts and facilitators, as well as integration with the consent of the parties of simplified, expedited forms of proceedings in a relatively small and less complex cases.

This work proposes catalytic systems for fructose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using a series of functionalized carbon nanofibers. The catalysts were synthesized via finely selected covalent grafting in order to include a variety of functionalities like pure Bronsted acid, tandem Brønsted/Lewis acid, and tandem Lewis acid/Lewis base catalysts. After the characterization and evaluation of acidity strength and the amount of acid centers, the catalyst series was screened and related to the product distribution. The best-performing catalyst was also used to optimize the reaction parameters in order to achieve 5-hydroxymethylfurfural yields rounding at 60% without significant humin formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scientific review delves into the innovative realm of polyolefins/light alkanes valorization through their catalytic dehydrogenation employing pincer-ligated iridium organometallic complexes. These widely studied catalysts exhibit outstanding properties, although the intrinsic characteristics of homogeneous catalysis (such as challenging product–catalyst separation, poor applicability to continuous-flow processes and low recyclability) limit their activity and industrial application, as well as their thermal stability. Through the immobilization of complexes on inorganic supports, these downsides have been bypassed, harnessing the true potential of these catalysts, affording more selective and stable catalysts in addition to facilitating their implementation in industrial processes. The findings described herein contribute to the advancement in the understanding of catalytic processes in hydrocarbon transformations, offering promising avenues for sustainable and selective production of valuable chemical intermediates from readily available feedstocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noble metal‐free catalyst or catalytic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid are proposed in this study as a proposal to solve one of the great disadvantages of this reaction of using preferably noble metal‐based catalysts. The catalytic activity of six MnO2 crystal structures is studied as alternative. The obtained results showed a strong connection between catalytic activity the type of MnO2 structure organization and redox behavior. Among all tested catalysts, ϵ‐MnO2 showed the best performance with an excellent yield of 74 % of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid at full ‐hydroxymethylfurfural conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]