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In intelligent manufacturing, the phase content and physical and mechanical properties of construction materials can vary due to different suppliers of blanks manufacturers. Therefore, evaluating the composition and properties for implementing a decision-making approach in material selection using up-to-date software is a topical problem in smart manufacturing. Therefore, the article aims to develop a comprehensive automated material selection approach. The proposed method is based on the comprehensive use of normalization and probability approaches and the linear regression procedure formulated in a matrix form. As a result of the study, analytical dependencies for automated material selection were developed. Based on the hypotheses about the impact of the phase composition on physical and mechanical properties, the proposed approach was proven qualitatively and quantitively for carbon steels from AISI 1010 to AISI 1060. The achieved results allowed evaluating the phase composition and physical properties for an arbitrary material from a particular group by its mechanical properties. Overall, an automated material selection approach based on decision-making criteria is helpful for mechanical engineering, smart manufacturing, and industrial engineering purposes.

New methods of diffusion metallization of AISI W1-7 steel have been developed. The paper proposes a comparative analysis of the properties and characteristics of AISI W1-7 steel after three methods of chemical heat treatment: diffusion nitriding, nitrogen titration by physical deposition from the gas phase, and diffusion chromium plating with subsequent titanium alloys. The results are presented as a comprehensive analysis of coatings: metallographic, micro-X-ray spectral, X-ray phase, durometric, heat resistance, and wear resistance. It is established that multilayer protective coatings are formed as a result of treatments. It is shown that the coatings consist of carbide and nitride zones, intermetallic, and an Al2O3 layer outside the coating. The coatings have been found to contain barrier layers that prevent aluminum from penetrating the substrate. The maximum microhardness is typical for layers based on titanium carbide—30.3–35.5 GPa and titanium nitride—22.0–22.6 GPa, heat-resistant steels AISI W1-7 at a temperature of 900 °C in 4.2–8.5 times and wear resistance under sliding friction without lubrication up to 5.4 times compared to samples without treatment.

One of the urgent problems in reciprocating machinery is ensuring the functional properties of direct-flow valves. Coatings of these parts should increase energy efficiency, reduce compressed gas temperature, and increase compressor performance. In this article, the effect of nitrocarburizing in pastes on increasing the performance and resource of such valves was studied. The primary research methods were metallographic and electron-metallographic research of the surface layer structure of steel 60Si2Cr. Comparison with similar characteristics obtained for stainless steel 09Cr15Ni8Al was also performed. As a result, it was determined that nitrocarburizing of carbon spring steel 60Si2Cr leads to a greater depth of the diffusion layer than nitrocarburizing of alloyed chromium-nickel steel 09Cr15Ni8Al. Simultaneously, the diffusion layers of both types of steel are almost the same. Simultaneously, the increase in the endurance limit of 60Si2Cr steel during nitrocarburizing is about 1.3 times compared to untreated material. Finally, the predictive maintenance showed that the evaluated lifetime of nitrocarburized valves increases by 5.7 times compared with untreated valves.

For the manufacture of parts of complex shapes, it becomes necessary to move the cutting tool along the line at a certain angle. For this, machines equipped with mechanisms of parallel structure are used. Only a study of the movable capabilities of these mechanisms makes it possible to introduce them into production. The studies focus on the transverse movement of the center of the moving platform of the parallel structure mechanism for a hexapod machine, as a material point moving along a line depending on the angle of contact of the tool and the perpendicular to the plane of the work surface (axis of symmetry of the mechanism). To determine the possible positions of the center of the moving platform, we consider a generalized scheme of the parallel structure mechanism. Given the restrictions on movement, the area of possible positions is divided into zones: Zrp - without a cutting tool; Zri - the zone of positions of the top of the instrument. The part that is being processed is installed on the technological device, which is placed on the basis of a parallel structure mechanism. Parameters of a machine with a parallel structure mechanism: a, b - distance between the supports of the stationary carrier system and the executive body, respectively; Lmax is the maximum length of the kinematic links; lmin is the minimum length of the kinematic links; li is the current length of the kinematic links; l is the magnitude of the transverse movement; φ is the angle of inclination of the executive body; hi is the current position of the executive body of the mechanism of the parallel structure in height. The assessment of motor capabilities is determined by the displacement index, which is the ratio of the actual displacement value l to the theoretically possible one (taken equal to the maximum rod length Lmax). From the above dependencies it is seen that the influence of the motor capabilities of the rods on the relative displacement provides an increase in the displacement index in the indicator section from 0.45 to 0.65, then the section that is affected by the slope of the displacement line, with a decrease in which the displacement in the area of0.8 up to 1 movement decreases again, this is due to the complex geometry of the service area ofthe working space of the machine with a parallel structure mechanism. On the effect of the ratio of the sizes of the movable to the fixed platform on the relative displacement, we have that with an increase in the indicator, the initial indicator of the relative displacement also increases, with a value of the exponent n starting from 0.6 its value decreases in all cases. The influence of the ratio of the maximum displacement of the rods to the size of the fixed platform, on the relative displacement has the opposite of the previous character. With an increase in the indicator m, the relative displacement indicator increases, with a further increase in the indicator m, it can be seen that significantly decreases the displacement indicator and with a value less than 0.6.

The widespread catalysts and nuclear fuel production are the sol-gel technology, including several stages, namely, the raw materials preparation, dispersing it into drops, the granules formation in gas and then in liquid media, granules removal with liquid separation. The vibration granulator is proposed to use on the dispersion stage. One of the problems in their development is determining the vibrational characteristics of a perforated bucket filled with liquid to a certain level. Considering that vibrations are transmitted from the emitter disk through the liquid melt and cause vibrations of the perforated shell, in research, it was decided to use the Fluent Flow and the Transient Structural modules of the ANSYS Workbench software. As a result, numerical simulation results of the emitter disk vibration effect on the cylindrical body are presented. Also, parameters of a discrete mathematical model are evaluated by the bucket vibrations characteristics. The corresponding model considers the inertial, stiffness, and damping properties of functional elements. Additionally, according to the modal analysis results of the priller body, it was determined the eigenfrequencies of the hydromechanical system. Finally, based on the numerical simulation results and their analysis using Fourier transformations, it was determined that the oscillations of the lower part of the bucket, consisting of two harmonic oscillations that equal 230 Hz and 520 Hz.

Currently, CRISPR/Cas technology is one of the most actively developing in molecular biology as an instrument for genomic DNA editing and controlling gene activity at various levels. For today this technology has a number of limitations that makes it difficult to use. One of the main limitation is the conditions under which the Cas type proteins or their analogues cut DNA: 1) the complementary between sequence of protospacer and guiding RNA; 2 )the special sequences flanking this protospacer on one or both ends. This special sequences usually unique for each enzyme and named PAM sites. However, if the ability to change guiding RNA leads to the emergence of an accurate genomic editing tool, the presence of an immutable PAM site significantly limits the areas of the genome in which editing can be performed. At the moment, more than 3.5 thousand of Cas proteins using different PAM sites have been identified in various bacteria with the help of bioinfomatic tools, but in practice less than ten PAM are used. To be able to use new proteins, it is necessary to obtain their characteristics. In particular the optimal physical and chemical conditions for enzyme, the structure of guiding RNA and PAM-sequence, characteristic for new protein. Currently, several programs have been created to determine PAM sequences for previously unexplored Cas protein analogues, but all of them prone to mistakes and require data confirmation from classical molecular biology. The purpose of this work was to create a new efficient algorithm and software for idetification of PAM sequences characteristic of any microorganism. To test the program, we used CRISPR bacterial cassettes, formed by Cas9 enzyme, as well as current homology search programs for the bacterial genomes. As a result of the study, a modular program was created that allows identifying the sequence of the PAM site based on the analysis of CRISPR cassettes with an efficiency not inferior to world analogues.

The paper presents a constructing methodology for a modern approach to tools selection and solving the problem of assigning optimal cutting parameters for specific production conditions. The mathematical formulation determining the extreme values of the technological process optimality criteria is obtained. A system of technical and economic quality indicators for cutting tools is proposed. This system allows principles’ implementation of decentralization and interoperability “Industry 4.0” via finite element modeling of the cutting process based on solving the problem of orthogonal free cutting modeling. The proposed methodology further usage is possible by creating a standardized database on the parameters of the tool: the adhesive component of the friction cutting coefficient for processing of a specific pair of cutting and tool materials (or tool coating material) and the impacts of the cutting-edge radius on cutting efficiency of a particular material.

Modern manufacturing engineering requires quick and reasonable solutions during the production planning stage, ensuring production efficiency and cost reduction. This research aims to create a scientific approach to the rational choice of a locating chart for complexly shaped parts. It is an important stage during the manufacturing technology and fixture design process. The systematization of the designed and technological features of complexly shaped parts and the definition of the features that impact a locating chart create the fundamentals for justification. A scientific approach has been developed using the complex combination of the part’s features and a decision-making approach using the example of bracket-type parts. The matrix of design and technological features of parts was developed including steel AISI 3135 and cast iron DIN 1691. The classification of locating charts for bracket-type parts was defined. A mathematical model of the rational choice of the locating chart according to the structural code of the workpiece was verified in case studies from the practice. As a result, a decision-making approach was applied to the rational choice of the locating chart for any bracket-type part. The proposed solutions improve the production planning stage for machine building, automotive, and other industries.

To produce competitive products, it is necessary to consider their permanent modernization and adaptation to the emerging needs of a consumer. This feature of up-to-date production inevitably leads to design complexities. As a result, the complexity of a technological assembly process increases, which is a new challenge for enterprises. Simultaneously, in most cases, assembly operations are performed manually due to the complexity or impossibility of automating the assembling process for an extensive range of products. This fact is due to the insufficient flexibility of automation systems. Remarkably, this approach has significant drawbacks, i.e., low productivity and risk of chronic diseases. To solve this problem, the use of collaborative systems was proposed. Such systems have the advantages of both humans and automation tools. As a result, industrial robots can be applied as automation tools. However, when using industrial robots next to workers, the safety requirements are significantly increased since the infliction of industrial injuries is unacceptable. After considering all the above, the article deals with a new scientific and methodological approach to designing security systems of collaborative production cells and their design and effectiveness verification.

Powders and granules of heavy metal oxides produced through condition monitoring are in high demand as intermediate products for obtaining fine-grained ceramics for a wide range of applications, i.e., nuclear fuel and fuel elements for nuclear power plants. Sol–gel technology to produce nuclear fuel (UO2), as well as catalysts (ThO2) for organic synthesis in the form of granules from pressed microspheres, is a promising method to obtain powders and granules of heavy metal oxides (fine-graded ceramics). Al2O3 was selected as the model analog at the stages of obtaining a solution of heavy metal and sol, the formation and gelation of droplets, and the preparation of gel spheres and their further washing and drying, as well as recovery and firing of particles. In the study, the main parameters were substantiated, e.g., the diameter and angle of inclination of the axis for the holes in the perforated shell, the multiplicity of sol circulation before the holes, the coefficients of liquid (sol) flow rate, the oscillation frequency of the disperser, and the concentration of surfactant and acid in sol. All of these parameters affect the characteristics of the granules that are obtained by sol–gel technology. Moreover, recommendations to increase productivity and the energy efficiency of production were also given. In particular, it was found that oscillation frequency in a range of 70–80 Hz leads to a granulometric composition of the obtained granules of 2.0–2.2 mm. A hole of 0.85 mm and a frequency of 100 Hz slightly change this range to 1.2–2.0 mm, while maintaining monodispersity.

The article is devoted to studying the contra-rotating stages with different impellers and blade discs. Determining the reduction of volumetric losses by modeling the contra-rotating stages in the software package ANSYS CFX. The work aimed to create and study the flow and characteristics: semi-open, closed impellers, and blade discs. As a result of the work, the following contra-rotating stages were determined and compared: the semi-opened impeller with the semi-opened blade disc; the closed impeller with the closed blade disc; the semi-opened impeller with the closed blade disc; the closed impeller with the semi-opened blade disc. As a result of research, fluid flows in contra-rotating stages and their characteristics in the form of pressure and efficiency were obtained. According to the obtained data, the expediency of using contra-rotating stages as a working body of the pump is written.

The modeling and simulation of combustion processes is still a challenging field [...]

The paper presents a new approach to recognize small parts from high-resolution 4K images grabbed by the embedded camera with trained convolutional network models. The main principle is a combination of standard machine vision techniques (OpenCV library) to identify blobs in the high-resolution image and parse to a suitable set of regions of interest, which are later recognized by trained convolutional neural network model (Tensorflow framework). The convolutional neural network model with single-shot detection was selected to identify the position of the object. 3D virtual models of parts with autogenerated orientations are used for simpler input data generation. Two embedded devices were selected for use in the experimental system. The first is NVidia Xavier dev board with 4K camera and integrated APU and the second is Raspberry PI 4 with external APU Intel Neural Compute Stick 2. The last part of the paper shows the implementation of the presented principle to the virtual device (HTC Vive Pro) for assisted assembly tasks to train and check workers during the teaching process.

The forerunners of the step-modulated sine pulse propagating in Drude dispersive media are calculated in the time domain. Two such problems are solved analytically. In the first problem, the plane source of the electric field is inside the medium. And the second problem considers the normal incidence of a linearly polarized wave from a vacuum upon a half-space medium. The obtained forerunners are identified as Sommerfeld precursors but the frequency of the oscillations and their amplitudes are closer to the exact solutions than the predictions of canonical Sommerfeld precursor. Moreover, the obtained periodicity of the forerunners is in perfect agreement with the exact solution. The developed analytics is an important contribution to the time-domain theory of the forerunners. The obtained data will be helpful for an experimental study of the forerunners and for the comparison with the forerunners in other dispersive media or with other waveforms of the incident pulse.

The processes of plane-wave formation in isotropic plasmas are both analytically and numerically described. An electromagnetic wave is launched into the plasma by a metal plate with a surface RF current. There is a transition time from the initially quiet plasma to the self-consistent oscillations of plasma particles in the electromagnetic field. The transient electromagnetic field in the plasma is written in exact and simplified formulas that are convenient for the calculation of the duration of the transient processes at any distance from the antenna. The latter is important for both analytical research and numerical research since it is the time in which the system reaches a steady state. The analytical results can also be used for validating the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) codes for plasma waves.

Fixtures play a significant role in ensuring the quality of products in manufacturing engineering. The paper considers fork-type parts that have a complex spatial configuration and needs to be machined by drilling-milling-boring equipment in one setup. In fixture design, it is necessary to provide wide tool accessibility, and therefore the choice of locating surfaces of the workpiece is an important step. The mathematical approach for determining the coordinates of contact points between the workpiece and the locating and clamping elements fixtures in the coordinate system is developed in this paper. The geometric parameters of the workpiece are taken into account in determining the coordinates. It allows to apply the proposed approach for parts of another standard size, but the same design and technological features. The technology of augmented reality is an effective tool at the design stage of fixtures and allows to visualize the developed fixture configurations. This approach has been successfully applied for such parts as levers, connecting rods, flat parts.

Within the article, directions on solving the matter of improving the organizational mechanism of the aquaculture regulation as a promising sector of the national economy based on the regulatory and administrative method of regulation are offered. For successful implementation of aquaculture production, it is proposed to amend the Law of Ukraine "On Aquaculture" No. 5293-VI of September 18, 2012. Proposals for the development of a draft program for the aquaculture sector development, taking into consideration effective mechanisms for regulating the fisheries growth, are submitted. Results of regulatory measures are presented, while at the same time in-depth elaboration of the current legislation and amendments to it is carried out, which will contribute to the development of fisheries on a European basis, responsible, environmentally friendly and human. The matter of the reporting improving for the industry and the collection and use of reliable data is resolved., Определены преимущества реализации бенчмаркинга для отечественных предприятий в контексте обеспечения их конкурентоспособности. В статье отмечается, что отечественные товаропроизводители фактически не используют метод бенчмаркинга в процессе управления. Однако, потенциал данного метода для трансформации аграрного производства является значительным, в частности укрепление своей конкурентной позиции, достижения повышения степени удовлетворенности покупателей и их лояльности. Определены приоритетные направления развития аграрного бенчмаркинга в Украине с целью повышения эффективности и конкурентоспособности аграрных предприятий. Сделаны выводы, что внедрение бенчмаркинга в работу сельскохозяйственных предприятий является важным с точки зрения формирования и стратегических ориентиров развития таких субъектов хозяйствования. Использование данной технологии дает возможность получить значительное количество преимуществ. Также ее широкое использование производителями аграрной продукции в целом позволяет получить системные эффекты популяризации применения бенчмаркинга., У статті запропоновано напрями вирішення питання удосконалення організаційного механізму регулювання аквакультури як перспективного сектору національної економіки на основі нормативно-адміністративного методу регулювання. Для успішного здійснення аквакультурного виробництва запропоновано внести доповнення до Закону України «Про аквакультуру» від 18.09.2012 № 5293-VI. Внесено пропозиції до розроблення проекту Державної про-грами розвитку аквакультури з урахуванням дієвих механізмів регулювання розвитку рибного господарства. Викладено результати заходів регулювання при одночасному поглибленому опрацюванні чинного законодавства та внесення до нього змін, які сприятимуть розвитку рибного господарства на європейських засадах, відповідальної, дружньої до довкілля та людини. Вирішено питання щодо удосконалення формування звітності в галузі та збирання достовірних даних і їх використання.

This paper presents an analysis of the changes in interfacial surface and the size of droplets formed in a spray tower. The interfacial surface and the size of droplets formed are of fundamental importance to the performance of the equipment, both in terms of pressure drop and process efficiency. Liquid film and droplet sizes were measured using a microphotography technique. The confusors studied were classical, with profiled inside surface, and with double profiled inside surface. The liquids studied were water and aqueous solutions of high-molecular polyacrylamide (PAA) of power-law characteristics. The ranges of process Reynolds number studied were as follows: ReG &isin, (42,700, 113,000), ReL &isin, (170, 15,200). A dimensionless correlation for reduced Sauter mean diameter is proposed.

The modern engineering educational environment ensures an extensive use of augmented reality for the successful and deep memorization of graphic material. There are many platforms for implementing augmented reality technology, the most popular of which were analyzed. As a result, the research work is devoted to the visualization of second-order surfaces and engineering objects. The article describes the scenario of augmented reality both with QR codes and authors’ markers. Moreover, the components of the markers and their significance in reproducing the image were described in detail. The proposed methodology includes a step-by-step approach for using the applications based on augmented reality for downloading through the public domain. As a result, the examples of tasks that can be performed using AR were realized. Finally, many markers are proposed in the article, which can be used in the engineering field’s educational process, especially with the mathematical peculiarities.

The article deals with the recent developments in the fuel industry, considering the permanent increasing requirements for fuel quality and environmental safety. The work aims to study various technological modes at the rectification unit to produce fuel bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. The main goals are to solve applied scientific problems of rational designing and technological optimization to obtain boundaries of energy consumption to ensure the quality of bioethanol sufficient for a consumer. Recent approaches for numerical simulation of chemical technological processes were applied to study the operating processes and optimize technological parameters. The plant model was designed from various modules that allow us to simulate technological processes efficiently and accurately for all the primary units of the rectification equipment. The methodology based on the activity coefficient UNIFAC model of phase equilibrium was applied. As a result, a mixture with 74% of bioethanol 9% of impurities was obtained in the brew column. In the epuration column, a mixture of 46% bioethanol and 2.2% of impurities was obtained in bottoms. Finally, in the alcohol column, the mass fraction of distillate of 96.9% and impurities of 2.7% were reached. The numerical simulation results can be applied in recent fuel technologies and designing the corresponding biofuel plants.

One of the essential characteristics of the pumps is the head–capacity curve. The shape of this characteristic depends on the type of pump, its design features, and other parameters. Nowadays, for obtaining the head–capacity curve, widely used computer simulation by using computer programs which base on the finite volume method. The most popular program for this aim is ANSYS CFX. The results of numerical simulation from the above program have a reasonable correlation of the experimental results. Pump design has an inducer and booster, which are considered in the article. For optimization of them designing by using the above program, the parametric geometries are necessary. Method for making them is described in the chapter.

Assurance of accuracy for machining parts and their work’s reliability is achieved using fixtures with the required accuracy of the locating and the workpiece reliable fixing. The expansion of state-of-the-art metal-cutting equipment’s technological capabilities necessitates using advanced fixture designs to be fully utilized. It requires the application of new approaches and the necessity of advanced fixture design. Fixture design for complex parts machining can reduce the auxiliary time for setup remains especially relevant. A flexible fixture design that provides tool accessibility multiaxis machining of fork-type parts for one setup is proposed. Refusal of full locating, application of industrial robots, and two fixtures for parts machining allows combining auxiliary time with cutting time. The numerical simulation results confirmed that the fixture meets all the strength, accuracy, and stiffness parameters. It allows the application of intensive cutting modes, which will provide the greatest efficiency when using modern machine tools and cutting tools. Oscillation amplitudes in the work surface positions do not exceed these surfaces’ size tolerances.

This book reports on topics at the interface between mechanical and chemical engineering, emphasizing design, simulation, and manufacturing. Specifically, it covers recent developments in the mechanics of solids and structures, numerical simulation of coupled problems, including fatigue, fluid behavior, particle movement, pressure distribution. Further, it reports on developments in chemical process technology, heat and mass transfer, energy-efficient technologies, and industrial ecology. Based on the 4th International Conference on Design, Simulation, Manufacturing: The Innovation Exchange (DSMIE-2021), held on June 8-11, 2021, in Lviv, Ukraine, this second volume of a 2-volume set provides academics and professionals with extensive information on trends, technologies, challenges and practice-oriented experience in the above-mentioned areas

The article presents the issue of providing comfortable conditions for passengers in coaches. At the same time, the main goal is to increase the efficiency of thermal energy use with the combined heating supply system. The research considers the analysis of thermal modes using the developed, comprehensive approach. This approach is based on both the numerical simulation and the regression analysis. The use of CFD analysis allowed analyzing the fields of temperature and air velocity in a coach. The simulation established that the use of the combined heating supply system causes turbulent airflow. A multifactor experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of the radiator temperature on the internal one at different external temperatures. For the radiator temperature in a range of 20 ÷ 70 °C and the external temperature of –8 ÷ 24 °C, coefficients of the developed regression model were established. The obtained values allow estimating the thermal condition of the coach. Besides, the analytical dependence for the control of the radiator temperature, depending on the external temperature was obtained. The corresponding regulating curves and the transfer function were built. Overall, practical recommendations for compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards and providing comfortable conditions for coaches were formulated.

An analytical model of coaxial traveling-wave-tube-like waveguides with plasma filling has been justified and utilized to analyze the eigenmodes. Very often, introducing plasma into vacuum electronic devices leads to essential advantages as compared with evacuated tubes. The cylindrical structure under the present consideration consists of a central dielectric rod, placed inside a plasma coaxial layer with a metallic helix sheath on its outer interface, and a metal screen separated from the plasma by another dielectric layer. The dispersion properties of electromagnetic waves propagating across the external axial static magnetic field in such traveling-wave-tube-like waveguides are studied and summarized. The presence of a dense plasma coaxial layer makes the media nontransparent for waves in the electron cyclotron frequency range. However, surface type electromagnetic waves can propagate in this case. These waves are called azimuthal surface waves (ASWs). The helix sheath causes coupling of ordinarily and extraordinarily polarized ASWs. The zeroth radial ASW modes have been found to be most dangerous for parasitic wave excitation in dense plasma-loaded, coaxial traveling-wave-tube-like waveguides.

To solve a number of technological issues, it is advisable to use mathematical modeling, which will allow us to obtain the dependences of the influence of the technological parameters of chemical and thermal treatment processes on forming the depth of the diffusion layers of steels and alloys. The paper presents mathematical modeling of diffusion processes based on the existing chemical and thermal treatment of steel parts. Mathematical modeling is considered on the example of 38Cr2MoAl steel after gas nitriding. The gas nitriding technology was carried out at different temperatures for a duration of 20, 50, and 80 h in the SSHAM-12.12/7 electric furnace. When modeling the diffusion processes of surface hardening of parts in general, providing a specifically given distribution of nitrogen concentration over the diffusion layer’s depth from the product’s surface was solved. The model of the diffusion stage is used under the following assumptions: The diffusion coefficient of the saturating element primarily depends on temperature changes, the metal surface is instantly saturated to equilibrium concentrations with the saturating atmosphere, the surface layer and the entire product are heated unevenly, that is, the product temperature is a function of time and coordinates. Having satisfied the limit, initial, and boundary conditions, the temperature distribution equations over the diffusion layer’s depth were obtained. The final determination of the temperature was solved by an iterative method. Mathematical modeling allowed us to get functional dependencies for calculating the temperature distribution over the depth of the layer and studying the influence of various factors on the body’s temperature state of the body.

In the article, linear and nonlinear parameter identification methods were described relating to mathematical models of rotor oscillations for centrifugal pumps and turbochargers. For solving a nonlinear estimation problem, the combined use of several methods at each iteration step was proposed. In this regard, the determination of initial values for the estimated parameters was based on both the finite element and the discrete models. For studying the nonlinear rotor oscillations, a method for designing the discrete mathematical models was proposed based on the linear identification of equivalent masses using data obtained by the calculation of eigenfrequencies and mode shapes as a result of the finite element analysis. Using the artificial neural network, the methodology for estimating the inertia coefficients of rotor systems based on measurements of oscillation amplitudes at the frequency close to the critical one was developed. Finally, the proposed techniques were developed by implementing both quasilinear regression analysis and the artificial intelligence system. The corresponding program techniques were proved by the experimental research data of rotor oscillations using the accelerating and balancing stand with the vacuum camera. The developed methods and related program applications help evaluate the dynamic characteristics of pumps and turbochargers.

The article investigated the flow of boiling streams through a nozzle with an oblique cut. Due to this flow organization, deviation from the nozzle axis at the vortex chamber inlet occurred. The study of flow modeling in the inlet section was carried out. The flow design and the calculation scheme of the vortex liquid–steam jet apparatus were proposed. Analytical expressions between the main operating parameters were obtained according to the developed mathematical model. A recommended oblique-cut angle for the active-flow nozzle was evaluated considering the transition through the first critical section based on the tangential velocity flow model. Validation of the mathematical model in the inlet section of the vortex chamber was provided based on the comparison with available experimental data. Flow visualization in the inlet section of the vortex chamber was obtained. The assumption of uneven flow distribution was confirmed experimentally. Overall, the boiling liquid flow was implemented in the active flow nozzle. The obtained scientific and practical results help to determine geometric parameters and physical characteristics of the vortex-type liquid–steam jet apparatus at the design stage. The obtained results were implemented to modernize vacuum units based on vortex type liquid–steam jet apparatuses.

The intensifying of the manufacturing process and increasing the efficiency of production planning of precise and non-rigid parts, mainly crankshafts, are the first-priority task in modern manufacturing. The use of various methods for controlling the cutting force under cylindrical infeed grinding and studying its impact on crankpin machining quality and accuracy can improve machining efficiency. The paper deals with developing a comprehensive scientific and methodological approach for determining the experimental dependence parameters&rsquo, quantitative values for cutting-force calculation in cylindrical infeed grinding. The main stages of creating a method for conducting a virtual experiment to determine the cutting force depending on the array of defining parameters obtained from experimental studies are outlined. It will make it possible to get recommendations for the formation of a valid route for crankpin machining. The research&rsquo, s scientific novelty lies in the developed scientific and methodological approach for determining the cutting force, based on the integrated application of an artificial neural network (ANN) and multi-parametric quasi-linear regression analysis. In particular, on production conditions, the proposed method allows the rapid and accurate assessment of the technological parameters&rsquo, influence on the power characteristics for the cutting process. A numerical experiment was conducted to study the cutting force and evaluate its value&rsquo, s primary indicators based on the proposed method. The study&rsquo, s practical value lies in studying how to improve the grinding performance of the main bearing and connecting rod journals by intensifying cutting modes and optimizing the structure of machining cycles.

Investigating characteristics for the secondary breakup of dropping liquid is a fundamental scientific and practical problem in multiphase flow. For its solving, it is necessary to consider the features of both the main hydrodynamic and secondary processes during spray granulation and vibration separation of heterogeneous systems. A significant difficulty in modeling the secondary breakup process is that in most technological processes, the breakup of droplets and bubbles occurs through the simultaneous action of several dispersion mechanisms. In this case, the existing mathematical models based on criterion equations do not allow establishing the change over time of the process’s main characteristics. Therefore, the present article aims to solve an urgent scientific and practical problem of studying the nonstationary process of the secondary breakup of liquid droplets under the condition of the vibrational impact of oscillatory elements. Methods of mathematical modeling were used to achieve this goal. This modeling allows obtaining analytical expressions to describe the breakup characteristics. As a result of modeling, the droplet size’s critical value was evaluated depending on the oscillation frequency. Additionally, the analytical expression for the critical frequency was obtained. The proposed methodology was derived for a range of droplet diameters of 1.6–2.6 mm. The critical value of the diameter for unstable droplets was also determined, and the dependence for breakup time was established. Notably, for the critical diameter in a range of 1.90–2.05 mm, the breakup time was about 0.017 s. The reliability of the proposed methodology was confirmed experimentally by the dependencies between the Ohnesorge and Reynolds numbers for different prilling process modes.

This article was aimed to solve an urgent problem of ensuring quality for prilling processes in vibrational prilling equipment. During the research, the need for the application of vibrational prilling to create a controlled impact on the process of jet decay on droplets with the proper characteristics was substantiated. Based on the experimental and theoretical studies of the process of decay of a liquid jet into drops, axisymmetric droplet oscillation modes for the different frequencies were observed. Frequency ranges of transition between modes of decay of a jet into drops were obtained. As a result, the mathematical model of the droplet deformation was refined. The experimental research data substantiated this model, and its implementation allowed determining the analytical dependencies for the components of the droplet deformation velocity. The proposed model explains the existence of different droplet oscillation modes depending on the frequency characteristics of the superimposed vibrational impact. Based on an analytical study of the droplet deformation velocity components, the limit values of the characteristics defining the transition between the different droplet oscillation modes were discovered. Analytical dependencies were also obtained to determine the diameter of the satellites and their total number.

The area of the contact surface of phases is one of the main hydrodynamic indicators determining the separation and heat and mass transfer equipment calculations. Methods of evaluating this indicator in the separation of multicomponent two-phase systems were considered. It was established that the existing methods for determining the interfacial surface are empirical ones, therefore limited in their applications. Consequently, the use of the corresponding approaches is appropriate for certain technological equipment only. Due to the abovementioned reasons, the universal analytical formula for determining the interfacial surface was developed. The approach is based on both the deterministic and probabilistic mathematical models. The methodology was approved on the example of separation of two-phase systems considering the different fractional distribution of dispersed particles. It was proved that the area of the contact surface with an accuracy to a dimensionless ratio depends on the volume concentration of the dispersed phase and the volume of flow. The separate cases of evaluating the contact area ratio were considered for different laws of the fractional distribution of dispersed particles. As a result, the dependence on the identification of the abovementioned dimensionless ratio was proposed, as well as its limiting values were determined. Finally, a need for the introduction of the correction factor was substantiated and practically proved on the example of mass-transfer equipment.

In this paper, ways for the improvement of technological equipment realizing the separation process in the oil and gas industry are considered. The refined mathematical model of dropping liquid motion is proposed in a two-dimensional formulation. Using the proposed design scheme, the kinematic parameters of the dropping fluid motion in a plane channel limited by two walls are considered. The model is based on the generalized Tchen’s equations with the correction of Corrsin–Lumley. As a result of integration for the given initial conditions, analytical dependencies for the velocity components are obtained, considering the nonstationary velocity components of the gas flow. Based on the obtained dependencies using the probabilistic approach, expressions for determining the rational geometry of the operating channel are obtained for ensuring the reliability of the vibration separation process. Particularly, an effective zone of vibration impact was found. Finally, the step of gutters and their effective width are determined to ensure the capture of the most amount of dropping liquid.

The research paper is aimed at improving the scientific and methodological approach for ensuring the reliability of technological equipment of energy-efficient modular separation devices by means of identifying the parameters of the refined mathematical models describing the main and secondary hydromechanical processes. Based on the critical review of the recent achievements in the field of separation and purification technologies, it is shown that combining vibrational-inertial separation allows one to increase both the separation efficiency and a range of the implementation of the corresponding technological equipment. Due to the object of study which is the separation processes of multicomponent heterogeneous systems, the assumption is that the separation efficiency can be increased by the proper organization of flow modes. As a result, the refined mathematical model of the gas-liquid flow is proposed. This model allows one to evaluate the total response of the dispersed phase on the vibrating wall and to determine the trajectories of dropping particles. Finally, the methodology for determining the separation time and the effective length of gutters for capturing dispersed liquid is presented.

The chapter is devoted to the solving of the problem of increasing the efficiency of lever-type parts machining due to the introduction of flexible fixtures ensuring multi-axis machining. The relationship between the design and technological parameters of the parts were discovered, which is the fundamentals for the analysis of parts and the search for the fixture layout for the given production conditions. An innovative approach to the design of technological processes for lever-type parts machining is proposed, which is based on the principle of intensification of machining processes, design and technological features of the parts, functional and technological capabilities of modern metal-cutting machine tools. A mathematical model of machining accuracy of parts depending on the level of fixture flexibility is obtained. It is analytically and experimentally proved the feasibility of using flexible fixtures for multi-axis machining of lever-type parts in multiproduct manufacturing.

This chapter deals with implementation of digital twin for experimental quality control system to remote monitoring, simulation, and optimization of real process. The main area of study is problem of connection and transformation of digital data from quality control process and product to digital twins and synchronization with Cloud Platform. Actual status of experimental quality control system is synchronized with digital twin for online interaction. Digitalized data must be stored in long-term horizon, which is performed by Cloud Platform, and it provides Big Data processing techniques. Digital twin of quality control system is transferred from 3D model to simulation software Tecnomatix. Interconnection between cloud control system and simulated Tecnomatix model (digital twin) is realized by OPC server. The technologies selected for data collection from experimental system are vision systems, RFID, and MEMS devices.