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BackgroundTransient receptor potential (TRP) channels have been found to have significant implications in neuronal outgrowth, survival, inflammatory neurogenic pain, and various epileptogenic processes. Moreover, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have a significant impact on epilepsy and its drug-resistant subtypes.ObjectiveWe postulated that EGb 761 would modulate TRPA1 channels, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in a neuroblastoma cell line. Our rationale was to investigate the impact of EGb 761 in a controlled model of pentylenetetrazole-induced generalized epilepsy.MethodologyWe evaluated the neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of EGb 761 both before and after the pentylenetetrazole application in a neuroblastoma cell line. Specifically, we focused on the effects of EGB 761 on the activity of Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels.ResultsEGb 761 applications both before and after the pentylenetetrazole incubation period reduced Ca release and restored apoptosis, ROS changes, mitochondrial depolarization and caspase levels, suggesting a prominent prophylactic and therapeutic effect of EGb 761 in the pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptogenesis process.ConclusionOur basic mechanistic framework for elucidating the pathophysiological significance of fundamental ion mechanisms in a pentylenetetrazole treated neuroblastoma cell line provided compelling evidence for the favorable efficacy and safety profile of Egb 761 in human-relevant in vitro model of epilepsy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the combined effects of EGb 761 and pentylenetetrazole on TRP channels and measure their activation level in a relevant model of human epileptic diseases.

Highlights: • ESBL frequency in women was higher than in men. • Catheter use in patients with urinary tract infections and recurrent urinary tract infections has four times the risk of ESBL caused by Escherichia coli bacteria • ESBL-producing E.coli bacteria are resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and ceftriaxone. Abstract: The incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria has become a global problem and has increased in recent years. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors for the incidence of UTI in inpatients at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya. This research was an analytic descriptive study. Specimens were sent to the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory using sterile containers and processed according to standard laboratory procedures. It resulted in ESBL-producing E. coli that were used as a case group and non ESBL-producing E. coli as a control group. The identification and testing of antibiotic susceptibility were carried out using the BD Phoenix™ Automated Microbiology System. Ninety-four bacterial isolates were collected, consisting of 54 (57.4%) ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria and 40 (42.6%) non ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria. Recurrent UTIs (OR = 4.31; ρ =0.002; 95% CI = 1.68-11.04) and catheter use (ρ = 0.049; OR = 4.250; 95% CI = 1.050-17.210) were used as independent risk factors caused by ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria. Recurrent UTIs and catheter use were dependent risk factors caused by ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria.

INTRODUCTION: Musculoskeletal injury is a public health concern that substantially increases the workload of emergency healthcare providers and hospitals in developing countries. Successful management of the diagnosis and treatment processes reduces healthcare costs and shortens the duration of preventable disabilities in patients with musculoskeletal injuries. Here, we aimed to investigate the musculoskeletal trauma distribution within five years within the borders of Ankara province. METHODS: In this study, preliminary diagnoses of the patients with musculoskeletal injury made within five years (2014 – 2018) by emergency healthcare providers in Ankara were retrospectively screened through the Emergency Health Automation System – EHAS. The patients were classified according to age, gender and diagnosis. RESULTS: This study included data for the time period between 2014 and 2018 from 32,749 patients, i.e., 19,523 male and 13,226 female patients in Ankara province. The number of patients was recorded for each year, and it was found that there was an increase in the number of patients between years. Musculoskeletal trauma was most commonly seen in the 19-64 (adult) age group, and the highest number of cases was observed in April. Hips and thighs were the most common trauma regions in the body. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study is the first to analyze data obtained from emergency healthcare providers in Turkey, and it can be considered a pilot study that can be utilized to eliminate the existing drawbacks and optimize registry systems by updating them.

Objective:Suicide re-attempt is one of the strongest predictive factors of completed suicide. This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic data and the results of repeated suicide attempts in the 112 command center of Emergency Services.Methods:The sociodemographic characteristics related to suicide attempts of the patients aged 15 years and over, who applied to the Ankara 112 command center of Emergency Services for recurrent suicide attempts between 2017 and 2019, were examined through electronic records.Results:There were 8,231 applications due to suicide attempts in three years in Ankara province and 847 of them (10.3%) were recorded as recurrent suicide attempts. A total of 344 people who attempted recurrent suicide was 62.5% male and 37.5% female. The vast majority of those who had recurrent suicide attempts were found to have attempted suicide twice (79.9%). The rate of completed suicide among recurrent suicide attempts was 1.5%, all of them were the result of the second suicide attempt. The most common suicide attempt method was drug and chemical use in both sexes, and the most common methods used in completed suicides were firearms and medication/chemical use. According to the seasons, days or hours, there was no statistically significant difference between genders or suicide attempts and completed suicides.Conclusion:This is the first study that reports the socio-demographic characteristics of recurrent suicide attempts in our country. In addition to the interventions to recurrent suicide attempts, it is also important to develop preventive and protective strategies for high-risk groups vulnerable to making first suicide attempts.

Aims:This study aims to determine how Syrians who must live in a country other than their homeland use emergency medical systems (EMS) in that unfamiliar health system.Methods:We retrospectively evaluated the data of Syrians who called on EMS between January 2017 and December 2020. Patient data were routinely recorded by ambulance personnel after each patient’s intervention in the Emergency Health Automation System Database, created by the Ministry of Health of Turkey. International Classification of Diseases Version 10 codes were used to identify diseases.Results:Of the total of 1,790,356 emergency patients, 24,266 (1.2%) were Syrian refugees. The most common ambulance requests frm the Syrians were due to birth and birth-related events (19.3%). The most common reason for ambulance assignment among females was birth (33.4%), and car accidents (10.0%) among males. Among patients

Dengue is known to cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, there have been increasing cases of dengue fever associated with a rare complication: hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), which is a dangerous disorder that carries high mortality. It is associated with infections, autoimmune disorders, and malignancies. Prolonged duration of fever and cytopenia together with multi-organ dysfunction out of proportion to the plasma leakage phase should alert clinicians to consider this condition. In this case study, we highlight a 45-year-old woman with underlying diabetes who was admitted due to dengue fever with warning signs. Her conditions deteriorated quickly: she had spontaneous bleeding, evidence of plasma leakage, severe hepatitis, and coagulopathy on the 11th day of illness. With the support of other blood results, such as raised serum ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase, she was diagnosed with severe dengue with hemophagocytosis syndrome. She responded well to intravenous dexamethasone and recovered on the 19th day of illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, we compare the predictive value of clinical scoring systems that are already in use in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including the Brescia-COVID Respiratory Severity Scale (BCRSS), Quick SOFA (qSOFA), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), Multilobular infiltration, hypo-Lymphocytosis, Bacterial coinfection, Smoking history, hyper-Tension, and Age (MuLBSTA) and scoring system for reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (HScore), for determining the severity of the disease. Our aim in this study is to determine which scoring system is most useful in determining disease severity and to guide clinicians. We classified the patients into two groups according to the stage of the disease (severe and non-severe) and adopted interim guidance of the World Health Organization. Severe cases were divided into a group of surviving patients and a deceased group according to the prognosis. According to admission values, the BCRSS, qSOFA, SOFA, MuLBSTA, and HScore were evaluated at admission using the worst parameters available in the first 24 h. Of the 417 patients included in our study, 46 (11%) were in the severe group, while 371 (89%) were in the non-severe group. Of these 417 patients, 230 (55.2%) were men. The median (IQR) age of all patients was 44 (25) years. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, BRCSS in the highest tertile (HR 6.1, 95% CI 2.105–17.674, p = 0.001) was determined as an independent predictor of severe disease in cases of COVID-19. In multivariate analyses, qSOFA was also found to be an independent predictor of severe COVID-19 (HR 4.757, 95% CI 1.438–15.730, p = 0.011). The area under the curve (AUC) of the BRCSS, qSOFA, SOFA, MuLBSTA, and HScore was 0.977, 0.961, 0.958, 0.860, and 0.698, respectively. Calculation of the BRCSS and qSOFA at the time of hospital admission can predict critical clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19, and their predictive value is superior to that of HScore, MuLBSTA, and SOFA. Our prediction is that early interventions for high-risk patients, with early identification of high-risk group using BRCSS and qSOFA, may improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19.

IEEE Std 100-2000 defines corona as a luminous discharge due to ionization of the air surrounding a conductor caused by a voltage gradient exceeding a certain critical value. It occurs when the insulating material begins to ionize or conduct due to voltage stress. Corona brings a lot of damages such as corrosion, loss inoverhead transmission lines and electromagnetic interference. Monitoring of corona may reduce the maintenance and replacement cost of electrical equipment. The motivation of this experiment is to calibrate corona detector antennas in the future. The error obtained will determine the efficiency of the antenna to detect and locate potential coronas in electrical equipment in a substation with switchgears or transformers. The operation bandwidth of the antenna is 320MHz to 1.20GHz making it useful to detect and corona. The measurement method of utilizing delay between signals first peak is effective with average 4.76% error with maximum 10.0% error recorded. This may be used to develop a corona online measuring system in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood levels exceeding 2 metres above ground level has been observed causing electrical equipment in the 11/0.415kV substation to be fully submerged. This caused widespread supply disruption as the equipment need to be switched off due to safety reasons and prevention of further equipment damage. The use of submersible equipment and accessories has been identified as one of the mitigation methods to ensure continuous electrical supply during flood events. A research project was undertaken to develop the design criteria of the selection of submersible equipment and accessories as well as to develop the test method and evaluate the selected submersible equipment and accessories in a substation configuration. All the equipment could continuously operate in ON condition during the wet test. However, design improvements are suggested for the submersible switchgear and feeder pillar for better performance during and after flood events [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tarekat tasawuf has been established in Negeri Sembilan since 1900 and began to strengthen its existence in spiritual activities such as the implementation of zikr tarekat tasawuf activities among the local community. This article will highlight the impact of implementing the zikr activities tarekat tasawuf, which is implemented periodically on the spiritual strengthening of the community in Negeri Sembilan. A qualitative approach is used involving library studies, review of relevant documents, and interviews with the Registrar of Tarekat, Tasawuf Division of the Negeri Sembilan Mufti Department, and the Syeikh of the tarekat involved. Basically, there are 13 Sufi practice centers around Negeri Sembilan that conduct regular zikr activities that impact the community. The existence of tarekat practice centers in Negeri Sembilan has been plotted to see the distribution and centralization of tarekat centers. In addition, the form of zikr practiced in the zikr ceremony is also explained through a simple framework built. The results also showed that the Seremban district is the highest area with a tarekat practice center. Indirectly, the zikr activities, tarekat tasawuf, have provided space for the local community to engage in more systematic spiritual activities. The efforts implemented by the Sufi tarekat practice center in Negeri Sembilan are expected to be used as an example by other states in Malaysia so that the community is more interested in the Sufi tarekat zikr ceremony.

Technology plays an important role in life. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has expanded educational options by enabling teachers and students to use technology to reorganize existing education and training systems. An adequate number of studies have identified the various benefits of implementing e-learning. However, not all institutions that implement online learning get the expected results. In addition, teachers in schools are not homogeneous. This study analyzes e-learning readiness in rural areas during the Covid-19 pandemic. This type of research is descriptive and quantitative. The subjects of this study were ten teachers, three IT staff, two foundation administrators, and 87 students from elementary and junior high schools. Data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. Data were analyzed using Aydin and Tasci's E-Learning Readiness Score, which describes learning outcomes. The results of this study indicate that overall, e-learning is ready to be implemented due to the leadership's commitment in the form of funds and policy support for the implementation of e-learning. Factors that need serious attention are technology infrastructure, human resources, and content.

Purpose – The main objective of this study was to identify the influence of principal instructional leadership on teacher organizational commitment in junior high schools in Surakarta. This issue arises because there are discrepancies in the findings of previous studies as well as the lack of studies in Indonesia. Accordingly, no definitive conclusions can be drawn in relation to this issue which is still pending. Methodology – This study was conducted by applying a quantitative approach and cross-sectional survey design. A total of 264 teachers participated in this study. They were selected using a stratified random technique. Two standardized questionnaires namely the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS) developed by Hallinger and Murphy (1985) and the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) developed by Allen and Meyer (1990) were used to measure principal instructional leadership and teacher commitment to their respective organizations. To analyze the data, SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the descriptive data, while SmartPLS 3.0 was used to analyze the measurement model and hypothesis testing. Findings – Descriptive statistics showed that the mean score of principal instructional leadership was 3.7 and teacher organizational commitment was 3.3. Both of these mean scores indicated that the level of principal instructional leadership and teacher organizational commitment were at moderate levels. In the assessment of the measurement model, the questionnaires used in the study had acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. Meanwhile, in hypothesis testing, this study found that principal instructional leadership had a moderate influence (β= 0.397) on teacher organizational commitment. Significance – The findings of this study have contributed to the development of knowledge in the field of instructional leadership and organizational commitment in the context of education in Indonesia. This study suggests that if teachers’ commitment to the school/ organization is to be enhanced, school principals should practice extensive instructional leadership.

Aim:Turkish Government launched an operation to transport the Turks living in Wuhan, China to Turkey because of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemia. In this study, the transport method, medical measures taken and quarantine process were evaluated.Materials and Methods:Turkish citizens living in China had reported to the Turkish Embassy in Beijing that they wanted to return to Turkey. Thereupon Turkish Embassy in Beijing contacted the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey, and it was decided to transport Turkish citizens from China to Turkey. The governments of Georgia, Bulgaria, Azerbaijan, and Albania, who were aware of this development, requested the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey for their own citizens to be included in this transport.Results:A total of 42 people were transported from city Wuhan to Turkey. Among them, 27 were citizen of Turkey, 6 were citizens of Azerbaijan, 4 were dual citizens of China and Turkey, 3 were citizens of Georgia, 1 was citizen of Bulgaria and 1 was citizen of Albania.Conclusion:It suggests that there is a serious outbreak, as COVID-19 disease transmits from human-to-human and spread rapidly worldwide. Therefore, taking this outbreak seriously and taking all necessary measures will reduce the spread of COVID-19.

OBJECTIVES: Although studies in the field of emergency medical services (EMS) generally compare survival and hospital discharge rates, there are not many studies measuring the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In this study, we aimed to compare the mechanical chest compression device and paramedics in terms of CPR quality. METHODS: This is an experimental trial. This study was performed by the EMS of Ankara city (capital of Turkey). Twenty (ten males and ten females) paramedics participated in the study. We used LUCAS™ 2 as a mechanical chest compression device in the study. Paramedics applied chest compression in twenty rounds, whereas mechanical chest compression device applied chest compression in another set of twenty rounds. The depth, rate, and hands-off time of chest compression were measured by means of the model's recording system. RESULTS: The median chest compression rate was 120.1 compressions per minute (interquartile range [IQR]: 25%–75% = 117.9–133.5) for the paramedics, whereas it was 102.3 compressions per minute for the mechanical chest compression device (IQR: 25%–75% = 102.1–102.7) (P < 0.001). The median chest compression depth was 38.9 mm (IQR: 25%–75% = 32.9–45.5) for the paramedics, whereas it was 52.7 mm for the mechanical chest compression device (IQR: 25%–75% = 51.8–55.0) (P < 0.001). The median hands-off time during CPR was 6.9% (IQR: 25–75 = 5.0%–10.1%) for the paramedics and 9% for the mechanical chest compression device (IQR: 25%–75% = 8.2%–12.5%) (P = 0.09). CONCLUSION: During patient transport, according to the chest compression performed by the health-care professionals, it was found that those performed by the mechanical chest compression device were more suitable than that performed by the guides in terms of both speed and duration.