Search

Lithocharodes elongata spec. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E056AF32-00F8-4072-97F7-7FA40129C9BA Figs 39 a-d, 44 C, 47 J Type material: male, holotype: Venezuela, Lara Sanar��, 17.4 km SE Yacamb�� N.P. (69��34'34"W, 10��42'26"N), 1510 m elev., flight intercept trap, 18.5.- 1.6.1998, leg. J. Ashe, R. Brooks, R. Hanley, #VEN1ABH98 170 (KNHM). Paratypes: Venezuela, 4 males, 5 females with same data as holotype, same data as holotype but (69��36'48"W, 9��41'45"N), 1650 m elev., #VEN1ABH98; 2 males, 2 females, 16.- 18.5.1998, #VEN1ABH98 082 (10 KNHM, 3 UIC); same location but 14.2 km SE, (69��34'42"W, 9��42'22"N), 1500 m elev. 1 male, 1 female, cloud forest litter, 16.5.1998, leg. R. Anderson, #VEN1A98 012B (KNHM); Aragua, Rancho Grande Biol. Stn., Pico Periquitos (67��41'46"W, 10��21'32"N), 1250 m elev., flight intercept trap, 5 females, 12.- 14.5.1998, leg. J. Ashe, R. Brooks, R. Hanley, #VEN1ABH98 030 (4 KNHM, 1 UIC); same location but (67��41'0"W, 10��21'0"N), flight intercept trap, 1115 m elev., 3 females, 3.- 19.7.1998 leg. J. Philips, #VEN1P94 001 (KNHM); same location but (67��41'0"W, 10��22'0"N), flight intercept trap, 1100 m elev., female, 6.- 17.7.1998 leg. J. Philips, #VEN1P94 023 (KNHM); same location but (67��40'38"W, 10��21'38"N), flight intercept trap, 1450 m elev., female, 14.5.- 1.6.1998, leg. J. Ashe, R. Brooks, R. Hanley, #VEN1ABH98 185 (KNHM); same location but (67��41'W, 10��21'N), flight intercept trap, 1450 m elev., female, 1.- 8.3.1995, R.W. Brooks, #047 (KNHM); Merida, Laguna Negra, P��ramo de Mucubaji, Sierra Nevada Nati. Park (70��48'31"W, 8��47'14"N), 3350 m elev., under rocks, female, 23.5.1998, leg. J. Ashe, R. Brooks, R. Hanley, #VEN1ABH98 103 (KNHM). Diagnosis: The species resembles L. ashei from Costa Rica / Panama in size, colouration and aedeagal structure, in particular, in the paramere. It may be the sister species of it in Venezuela. Lithocharodes elongata is slightly smaller than L. ashei, the head is more divergent and the punctation denser. Moreover, males can be separated by the shape of tergite VII, which is narrowed and without incision in L. elongata but broader and with incision in L. ashei. Description: Length: 6.0 mm. Colouration: Black to dark brown; legs and antennae slightly lighter brown. Head: 1.01 mm long, 0.79 mm wide; eyes small; postocular space nearly 3 times as long as eyes; postocular sides distinctly divergent to widely rounded posterior angles; posterior margin nearly semi-circular; interantennal furrows reaching mid-length of eyes; setiferous punctation deep and evenly dense; on average, interstices half as wide as diameter of punctures; narrow midline impunctate including space between interantennal furrows; surface without microsculpture; shiny. Antennae with first antennomere as long as half-length of head; second and third antennomere conical and longer than wide; subsequent antennomeres wider than long and increasing in width; fourth antennomere 1.5 times as wide as long; tenth antennomere twice as wide as long; antennomeres four to eleven densely pubescent. Pronotum: 1.12 mm long, 0.74 mm wide; widest in anterior third; anteriad, conically convergent to neck; posteriad slightly convergent to sub-rectangular posterior angles; posterior margin slightly convex; in central part straight; setiferous punctation as dense and deep as on head; impunctate midline slightly wider than on head; surface without microsculpture; shiny. Elytra: 1.14 mm long, 0.95 mm wide; humeral angles sub-rectangular; sides nearly parallel; posterior angles sub-rectangular; posterior margin slightly convex with incision toward suture; setiferous punctation evenly distributed; on average, interstices between punctures as wide as diameter of punctures; surface with extremely weak isodiametric microsculpture; less shiny than on pronotum. Abdomen with setiferous punctation much finer than on fore-body; with weak isodiametric microsculpture; posterior margin of sternite VII of male straight; weakly elevated; tergite VII of male posteriorly distinctly convergent; posterior margin weakly rounded. Mesotibia with three, metatibia with two subapical ctenidia. Aedeagus oval with short triangular prominence at anterior orifice; endophallus forming oval sack covered by minute teeth; paramere thick with large bulb-like prominence in anterior third; inner face slightly sinuate; covered with numerous setae; setae in central and basal part longer than along inner side. Etymology: The species name is derived from the Latin word elongatus (meaning long) and refers to the large size of the species., Published as part of Irmler, Ulrich, 2021, The Neotropical species of the genus Lithocharodes SHARP, 1876 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Xantholinini), pp. 29-85 in Beitr��ge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 71 (1) on pages 43-44, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.71.1.029-085, http://zenodo.org/record/5742999

Lithocharodes ashei spec. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3464349F-B225-4FFB-A2DA-A9F5F286E872 Figs 30 a, b, d, 44 B, 47 I Type material: male, holotype: Panama, Cerro Campana (Capira) (8��44'N, 79��57'W), flight intercept trap, 790 m elev., 1.6.1995, leg. J.S. Ashe, R. Brooks, #091 (KNHM). Paratypes: Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Wilson Botanical Garden (Las Cruces Biol. Stn.), flight intercept trap, 1200 m elev., 8 males, 7 females, 27.5.1993, J.S. & K.A. Ashe, #64 (13 KNHM, 2 UIC); Corcovado National Park, Sirena Stn., Corcovado Trail (83��34'39"W, 8��29'7"N), 150 m elev., flight intercept trap, 3 male, 7 females, 28.6.- 1.7.2000, leg. Z.H. Falin, #CR1ABF00 059 (8 KNHM, 2 UIC)); same location and collector but Upper Ollas Trail (83��34'39"W, 8��29'7"N), 140 m elev., flight intercept trap, female, 24.- 28.6.2000, #CR1ABF00 036 (KNHM); Rincon de Osa (83��31'1.17"W, 8��41'1.41"N); 150 m elev., flight intercept trap, female, 23.- 26.6.2001, leg. S&J. Peck, #CR1P01 006 (KNHM); Las Cruces Bio. Stn. (82��57'58"W, 8��47'14"N), 1330 m elev. flight intercept trap, 4 males, 8 females, 28.-30.2004, leg. J.S. Ashe, Z. Falin, I. Hinojosa, #CR1 AFH04059 (10 KNHM, 2 UIC); Alajuela, Pe��a Blancas, 880 m elev, flight intercept trap, female, 19.5.1989, leg. J. Ashe, R. Brooks, R. Leschen, #270 (KNHM); Alajuela, San Ramon, 5 km W., 1200 m elev. 2 females, 1.- 31.12.1997, 1.- 28.2.1997, leg. P. Hanson, #CR1HAN92-97 12 and 14 (KNHM); 27 km N & 8 km W San Ramon (84��35'46"W, 10��13'4"N), 810 m elev., flight intercept trap, 1 male, 5 females, 8.7.2000, leg. J. Ashe, R. Brooks, Z. Falin, #CR1ABF00 084 (KNHM); Pe��as Blancas, 800 m elev., flight intercept trap, 3 females, 19.5.1989, leg. J. Ashe, R. Brooks, R. Leschen, #265 (KNHM); Guanacaste, Maritza Biol. Stn., 550 m elev., flight intercept trap, female, 22.5.1993, leg. J. & A. Ashe, #036 (KNHM); same location and collectors but streamside litter, male, 22.5.1993, #041 (KNHM); Patilla Biological Station (85��25'33"W, 10��59'22"N), 610 m elev., flight intercept trap, female, 13.- 15.7.2000, leg. J. Ashe, R. Brooks, Z. Falin #CR1ABF00 135 (KNHM); Panama, San Blas, Nusagandi Reserve (9��21'N, 78��59'W), Atta nest, 350 m elev., female, 28.5.1995, leg. A. Gillogly (KNHM); Cerro Campana (Capira) (79��57'W, 8��44'N), 790 m elev. flight intercept trap, 5.6.1995, leg. J. Ashe, R. Brooks, #129 (KNHM). Diagnosis: Lithocharodes ashei is one of the larger species with more than 6.0 mm size and, in combination with its dark colouration, similar to L. triangula. Females of both species can hardly be identified. However, males are clearly separated by the shape of the central incision of tergite VII, which is broadly triangular in L. triangula and small and narrow in L. ashei. In addition, males of L. ashei may be easily identified by the specific shape of the paramere, which is totally different from all other Lithocharodes species. Description: Length: 6.3 mm. Colouration: black, legs and antennae dark brown. Head: 1.12 mm long, 0.95 mm wide; eyes moderately large; postocular space 2.5 times as long as eyes; sides slightly divergent posteriad; posterior angles widely rounded; posterior margin straight only in short middle part; interantennal furrows deep; nearly reaching posterior edge of eyes; setiferous punctation dense and deep except for moderately wide impunctate midline; space between interantennal furrows impunctate; anterior punctation slightly denser than close to neck; on anterior vertex, half as wide as diameter of punctures; on posterior vertex slightly shorter than diameter of punctures; surface without microsculpture; shiny. Antennae with first antennomere approximately half as long as head; second and third antennomere each longer than wide; conical; subsequent antennomeres wider than long and increasing in width; fourth antennomere 1.5 times as wide as long; tenth antennomere twice as wide as long. Pronotum: 1.18 mm long, 1.03 mm wide; widest in anterior third; convergently narrowed toward neck; slightly narrowed toward posterior margin in concave curve; in front of posterior angles nearly parallel; posterior margin slightly convex; setiferous punctation moderately dense and deep; less dense than on anterior vertex; with wide impunctate midline; adjacent to midline with irregular line of 19-20 punctures; surface without microsculpture; shiny. Elytra: 0.88 mm long, 0.77 mm wide; sides nearly parallel; humeral angles sub-rectangular; posterior angles nearly rectangular; posterior margin approximately straight; setiferous punctation dense and deep; on average, interstices less than half as wide as diameter of punctures; interstices without microsculpture; surface due to dense punctation less shiny than pronotum. Abdomen with dense setiferous punctation; surface without microsculpture except at base of anterior segments with dense isodiametric microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII of male with weak triangular emargination and deep medial incision. Meso- and metatibia with 3 subapical ctenidia each. Aedeagus oval with parallel anterior half; anterior angles widely rounded but nearly rectangular; endophallus with two strings covered by large teeth at anterior and posterior end; paramere thick; at apex bilobed with thick outer lobe and hook-like inner lobe; at apical margin with few setae; at inner face with row of apical setae and two patches with dense setation. Etymology: The species name honours J.S. Ashe who collected and worked on Neotropical species extensively., Published as part of Irmler, Ulrich, 2021, The Neotropical species of the genus Lithocharodes SHARP, 1876 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Xantholinini), pp. 29-85 in Beitr��ge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 71 (1) on page 34, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.71.1.029-085, http://zenodo.org/record/5742999

Lithocharodes hanagarthi spec. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CB47DB88-4D42-4FC9-AF39-A5ED1D1758A3 Figs 9 a-d, 43 B, 46 B Type material: male, holotype: Peru, Huanuco, Llullapichis, Panguana Biol. Stat. (74��5.68'W, 9��37'S), banana plantation, 17.5.1975, leg. W. Hanagarth (UIC). Paratypes: Peru, Huanuco, Llullapichis, Panguana Biol. Stat. (74��5.68'W, 9��37'S), floodplain forest, male, 6.5.1976, leg. W. Hana garth; same location and collector but Rio Pachitea, Cocha, pitfall trap #216, BPC, female, 9.5.1976 (UIC). Diagnosis: Lithocharodes hanagarthi belongs to the group of light coloured species with sparse punctation of the head. In this respect, L. hanagarthi closely resembles L. fuscipennis but the eyes of L. hanagathi are larger. In L. hanagarthi, postocular sides are 2.5 times as long as eyes, whereas in L. fuscipennis postocular sides are three times as long as eyes. Males of L. hanagarthi are easily to identify by the small nearly circular aedeagus with endophallus covered only by minute teeth. Description: Length: 4.6 mm. Colouration: Light brown; head and elytra dark brown to black; small stripe at posterior margin of elytra light brown; legs slightly lighter brown. Head: 0.78 mm long, 0.62 mm wide; eyes moderately long; postocular space 2.5 times as long as eyes; sides slightly divergent posteriad; posterior angles widely rounded; short part of posterior margin straight; interantennal furrows deep and moderately long; reaching posterior third of eyes; setiferous punctation deep and irregularly dense; on anterior vertex denser than on posterior vertex; interstices on anterior vertex shorter than diameter of punctures; interstices on posterior vertex as wide as diameter of punctures or even wider; space between interantennal furrows impunctate; vertex with wide impunctate midline; impunctate midline widened posteriad; surface without microsculpture; shiny. Antennae with first antennomere as long as half-length of head; second and third antennomere longer than wide; conical; subsequent antennomeres wider than long and increasing in width; fourth antennomere 1.5 times as wide as long; tenth antennomere nearly 2.5 times as wide as long; antennomeres four to eleven densely pubescent. Pronotum: 0.88 mm long, 0.55 mm wide; widest in anterior third; strongly convergent anteriad; posteriad, slightly convergent in middle third and approximately parallel in posterior third; posterior angles sub-rectangular; posterior margin slightly curved; setiferous punctation irregular and moderately deep; adjacent to wide impunctate midline with irregular line of 12 to 13 punctures; surface without microsculpture; shiny. Elytra: 0.79 mm long, 0.66 mm wide; sides nearly parallel; humeral angles sub-rectangular; posterior angles nearly rectangular; posterior margin slightly triangularly emarginate to suture; setiferous punctation moderately dense and deep; interstices between punctures nearly twice as wide as diameter of punctures; surface with weak microsculpture; less shiny than head and pronotum. Abdomen with weak setiferous punctation and weak microsculpture; posterior margin of tergite VII and sternite VII of male nearly straight or slightly convex; posterior margin nearly semi-circular. Mesotibia and metatibia with 3 subapical ctenidia each. Aedeagus small; oval; at anterior orifice slightly prominent; endophallus forming transparent band with central loop; covered by minute knobs; paramere slender; in apical third, nearly rectangularly flexed; along inner margin with several short setae. Etymology: The name honours Werner Hanagarth, who extensively collected in the Panguana region and in other parts of Peru and unfortunately passed too early., Published as part of Irmler, Ulrich, 2021, The Neotropical species of the genus Lithocharodes SHARP, 1876 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Xantholinini), pp. 29-85 in Beitr��ge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 71 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.71.1.029-085, http://zenodo.org/record/5742999

Lithocharodes katharinae spec. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B16D6F77-971F-4D61-9934-BAB22A68A1A9 Figs 24 a-c, 44 J, 48 H Type material: male, holotype: Venezuela, Aragua, Ranch Grande Biol. Stn. (67��41'W, 10��21'N), 1450 m elev., flight intercept trap, 25.- 28.2.1995, leg. R.W. Brooks, #013 (KNHM). Paratypes: 1 female with same data as holotype #013 (KNHM); 1 male, 1 female from same location as holotype but along stream, 1115 m elev., 8.3./9.31995, leg. R. Brooks, #063/071 (KNHM); 1 male, 4 females from same location but 1370 m elev., 1.- 8.3.1995, leg. R. Brooks, #046/047 (4 KNHM, 1 UIC); 1 female from same region and collector but Pico Periquitos, 1800 m elev., flight intercept trap, 27.2.- 6.3.1995, leg. R. Brooks, #051 (KNHM); 1 female from same location but 1100 m elev., 27.2.1995, leg. S. Marshall (KNHM). Diagnosis: Lithocharodes katharinae is a large black species with dense punctation on the head. Separating characters from L. karinae are noted there. Females of the species can hardly be separated from L. ecuadoriensis. In contrast to L. ecuadoriensis, sternite VII of males in L. katharinae are without semi-circular emargination and the paramere is straight and not curved. Description: Length: 5.9 mm. Colouration: Dark brown to blackish; legs and antennae lighter brown. Head: 0.95 mm long, 0.76 mm wide; eyes large; not prominent; postocular sides twice as long as eyes; posterior angles widely rounded; posterior margin slightly convex; interantennal furrows weak; reaching anterior third of eyes; setiferous punctation deep and irregularly dense; on anterior vertex and laterad with coriaceous punctation; on posterior vertex, interstices between punctures as wide as diameter of punctures; surface without microsculpture; shiny. Antennae with first antennomere slightly longer than half-length of head; second and third antennomere conical and approximately 1.5 times as long as wide; subsequent antennomeres wider than long and increasing in width; fourth antennomere 1.5 times as wide as long; tenth antennomere twice as wide as long; all antennomeres pubescent. Pronotum: 1.14 mm long, 0.70 mm wide; widest in anterior third; anteriad, conically narrowed toward neck; posteriad, distinctly narrowed in middle third and sub-parallel in posterior third; posterior margin slightly convex; setiferous punctation deep and dense; on average; interstices between punctures as wide as diameter of punctures; wide midline impunctate; irregular line adjacent to midline with 22-23 punctures; surface without punctures; glossy. Elytra: 1.12 mm long, 0.97 mm wide; humeral angles rectangular; sides sub-parallel; posterior angles shortly rounded; posterior margin widely retreated toward suture; setiferous punctation moderately deep and dense; on average, interstices between punctures as wide as diameter of punctures; surface with weak irregular microsculpture; shiny. Abdomen with setiferous punctation finer than on fore-body; surface with deeper and denser microsculpture than on elytra; microsculpture denser at base of segments than at apex; sternite VII of male with simply rounded apical margin; tergite VII of male with straight apical margin. Meso- and metatibia with two subapical ctenidia each. Aedeagus oval with sub-rectangular anterior angles; endophallus covered by moderately long lobes in anterior half; posterior half of endophallus transparent; covered by minute teeth; paramere short with broad basic half; apically narrowed to sub-acute apex; inner face covered by thin and moderately long setae. Etymology: The species is named after my grand daughter., Published as part of Irmler, Ulrich, 2021, The Neotropical species of the genus Lithocharodes SHARP, 1876 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Xantholinini), pp. 29-85 in Beitr��ge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 71 (1) on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.71.1.029-085, http://zenodo.org/record/5742999

Lithocharodes dubiosa spec. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A9BFC64A-5AEA-499E-ABB9-94BE1F8F05B6 Figs 6 a-d, 45 C, 49 F Type material: male, holotype: Peru, Tambopata Prov., Madre de Dios Dpto., 15 km NE Puerto Maldonado, Cuzco Amaz��nico (12��33'S, 69��03'W), 200 m elev., Plot #Z1 trail 26, flight intercept trap, 26.6.1989, leg. R. Leschen, #280 (KNHM). Diagnosis: Lithocharodes dubiosa can hardly be separated from species with similar size. It can be separated from L. pampana and L. lescheni by sparser punctation of the head. The main separating character is the twisted band of the endophallus with larger teeth and lobes anteriorly and minute teeth posteriorly. The endophallus in L. pampana has a spiral form and the endophallus of L. lescheni forms a thick bulb at base. Description: Length: 4.5 mm. Colouration: Brown; head darker brown than remaining body; legs and posterior abdominal segments light brown. Head: 0.79 mm long, 0.65 mm wide; eyes moderately large, postocular sides twice as long as eyes; interantennal furrows convergent; reaching mid of eyes; setiferous punctation on anterior vertex denser than on posterior vertex; on average, interstices at least as wide as diameter of punctures; narrow midline impunctate; surface with extremely weak microsculpture; moderately shiny. Antennae with first antennomere half as long as length of head; second and third antennomere conical; approximately as long as apical width; subsequent antennomeres distinctly wider than long and increasing in width; forth antennomere 2.5 times as wide as long; tenth antennomere three times as long as wide; all antennomeres with long setae; fourth to eleventh antennomeres pubescent. Pronotum: 0.89 mm long, 0.58 mm wide; widest in anterior forth; shortly narrowed toward neck in convex curve; posteriad more strongly narrowed in middle third; nearly parallel in posterior third; posterior margin slightly convex; setiferous punctation moderately dense; on average, interstices as wide as diameter of punctures; close to posterior margin interstices slightly wider; moderately wide midline impunctate; surface with extremely weak microsculpture; moderately shiny. Elytra: 0.87 mm long, 0.73 mm wide; humeral angles sub-rectangular; sides posteriad slightly divergent; posterior angles shortly rounded; posterior margin with wide triangular emargination; setiferous punctation dense; punctures larger than on head and pronotum; on average, interstices between punctures half as wide as diameter of punctures; surface with weak isodiametric microsculpture; less shiny than head and pronotum. Abdomen with setiferous punctation finer and sparser than on fore-body; surface with weak isodiametric microsculpture; posterior margin of sternite VII of male sinuate with short emargination on each side of central process; tergite VII of male straight; both sternite and tergite with longitudinal striae close to posterior margin; meso and metatibia with one subapical ctenidium. Aedeagus oval with sub-rectangular anterior part; endophallus forming one wide band with three torsions; lobes and teeth in anterior part large; tooth size decreasing posteriad; at posterior end of endophallus with minute teeth; paramere slender; curved in anterior third; at inner face with pairs of setae; setae at base longer than at apex. Etymology: The species name is derived from the same Latin word (meaning doubtful) and refers to the extreme similarity with L. lescheni from the same region., Published as part of Irmler, Ulrich, 2021, The Neotropical species of the genus Lithocharodes SHARP, 1876 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Xantholinini), pp. 29-85 in Beitr��ge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 71 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.71.1.029-085, http://zenodo.org/record/5742999

The Neotropical species of the genus Lithocharodes were studied. A total of 26 new species were found. These are: L. aculeata spec. nov., L. ashei spec. nov., L. bierigi spec. nov., L. bicornis spec. nov., L. boliviana spec. nov., L. brooksi spec. nov., L. compacta spec. nov., L. curtipennis spec. nov., L. denticulata spec. nov., L. dubiosa spec. nov., L. ecuadoriensis spec. nov., L. elongata spec. nov., L. hanagarthi spec. nov., L. karinae spec. nov., L. katharinae spec. nov., L. lescheni spec. nov., L. nigerrima spec. nov., L. nigrita spec. nov., L. obscura spec. nov., L. pampana spec. nov., L. peruana spec. nov., L. silvicola spec. nov., L. somoleptoides spec. nov., L. surinamensis spec. nov., L. triangula spec. nov., and L. verhaaghi spec. nov. The following species described under Lithocharodes were transferred to the genus Somoleptus Sharp, 1885: S. cavicola (Blackwelder, 1943) (comb. nov.) and S. strigulata (Blackwelder 1943) (comb. nov.). The following four species described under the genus Somoleptus were transferred to Lithocharodes: L. bicolor (Sharp, 1885) (new combination) and S. gracilis Sharp, 1885 (new synonymy), which is conspecific with L. bicolor; L. clavicornis (Erichson, 1839) described as Leptacinus clavicornis and transferred to Somoleptus by Sharp (1885) (new combination); L. elegans (Sharp, 1885) (new combination); L. gracilis, L. rambouseki, L. cameroni (new synonymies) are conspecific with L. fusciventris Sharp, 1885. New records from the West Indies and Central America were given for L. floridanus (LeConte, 1880) and L. nigripennis (LeConte, 1863). Lectotypes were designated for L. fusciventris, L. gracilis, L. fuscula, and L. spinigera. Nomenclatural acts Lithocharodes aculeata spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A18023B2-0E8E-4094-A5ED-3DCF051C0185 Lithocharodes ashei spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3464349F-B225-4FFB-A2DA-A9F5F286E872 Lithocharodes bierigi spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:40819238-8854-4AA3-8080-FEA8778C77CE Lithocharodes boliviana spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:352DDE6B-383B-45B8-90B1-1D1689422F37 Lithocharodes brooksi spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3903CAF2-1B67-4B6A-9979-72E6336CA165 Lithocharodes compacta spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3253E356-C82F-425A-B034-8AD4AFFB91F7 Lithocharodes curtipennis spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:49C417E3-A17C-4A28-9D32-950C09CDBD1D Lithocharodes denticulata spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9B194FB8-EFFE-4301-9681-174E24B19557 Lithocharodes dubiosa spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A9BFC64A-5AEA-499E-ABB9-94BE1F8F05B6 Lithocharodes ecuadoriensis spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D5751DC8-DA8F-4F7E-A57E-3FCB3BE8A990 Lithocharodes elongata spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E056AF32-00F8-4072-97F7-7FA40129C9BA Lithocharodes hanagarthi spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CB47DB88-4D42-4FC9-AF39-A5ED1D1758A3 Lithocharodes karinae spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:067347B8-B4E1-4B17-96D3-9ADBA83D340F Lithocharodes katharinae spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B16D6F77-971F-4D61-9934-BAB22A68A1A9 Lithocharodes lescheni spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:56C738F3-B7E8-48CD-8D89-549249716A46 Lithocharodes nigerrima spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AC1C7A9C-0F22-4211-B88E-F95ACF767B38 Lithocharodes nigrita spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:51DB16D4-FB55-4338-B12D-AFD4290322C0 Lithocharodes obscura spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F520ED25-EB0D-4CFB-AD03-F8322592C96C Lithocharodes pampana spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5EFDF07C-A8EE-42CB-B1E8-901599251C83 Lithocharodes peruana spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:44E3E16F-6262-4A6B-8BF1-CE656372382A Lithocharodes silvicola spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:307A352E-8017-4653-AB6C-530BB6694978 Lithocharodes somoleptoides spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0FBFC297-E285-4637-853C-2DC467FE2E1C Lithocharodes surinamensis spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AF3EE982-3573-4991-9AEF-A34345F2BA88 Lithocharodes triangula spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8BCFB5FF-F6A3-4F93-A1CE-033F3898DE6B Lithocharodes verhaaghi spec. nov. – urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:37168761-B2E0-4845-94ED-83B48C45CF71, Contributions to Entomology = Beiträge zur Entomologie, Bd. 71 Nr. 1 (2021)

Lithocharodes obscura spec. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F520ED25-EB0D-4CFB-AD03-F8322592C96C Figs 10 a-d, 43 P,47 G Type material: male, holotype: Bolivia, Santa Cruz Dept, 3.7 km SSE Buena Vista Hotel Flora y Fauna (63��33.15'W, 17��29.95'S), 400-440 m elev., secondary forest, flight intercept trap, 2.- 9.11.2002, leg. R. Leschen, #BOL1L02- 055 (KNHM). Diagnosis: The species is unique by its shape and structure of the aedeagus. It likely represents another related genus to Lithocharodes. But our actual knowledge about the aedeagal variation in this genus is too poor to establish a new genus for the species. The species can be also distinguished from the other species of the genus by the rectangular shape of the head in combination with the moderately dense setiferous punctation. Description: Length: 5.2 mm. Colouration: Dark brown to blackish; legs and antennae brown. Head: 0.95 mm long, 0.81 mm wide; eyes small; not prominent; postocular sides slightly divergent; approximately three times as long as eyes; posterior angles shortly rounded to straight posterior margin; interantennal furrows reaching anterior third of eyes; setiferous punctation moderately deep and dense; on average, interstices between punctures as wide as diameter of punctures; surface partly with extremely weak microsculpture; partly without microsculpture; shiny. Antennae with first antennomere as long as halflength of head; second and third antennomere conical and 1.5 times as long as wide; subsequent antennomeres wider than long and increasing in width; fourth antennomere 1.5 times as wide as long; tenth antennomere twice as wide as long; all antennomeres pubescent. Pronotum: 1.07 mm long, 0.71 mm wide; widest in anterior fourth; anteriad, conically narrowed toward neck; narrowed in middle third; nearly parallel in posterior third; posterior angles obtuse; posterior margin slightly convex; setiferous punctation moderately deep and dense; interstices between punctures at least as wide as diameter of punctures; mostly 1.5 times to twice as wide as diameter of punctures; wide midline impunctate; surface without microsculpture; shiny. Elytra: 0.94 mm long, 0.84 mm wide; humeral angles obtuse; sides slightly divergent posteriad; posterior angles subrectangular; posterior margin distinctly triangularly retreated toward suture; setiferous punctation moderately deep and dense; surface with irregular ground sculpture. Abdomen with weaker and sparser setiferous punctation than fore-body; surface of segments with weak and sparse microsculpture at base and nearly without microsculpture in apical part; posterior margin of sternite VII of male convexly prominent and with central triangular incision; tergite VII of male with nearly straight posterior margin. Meso- and metatibia with two subapical ctenidia each. Aedeagus slightly convergent posteriad; anterior half sub-rectangular; anterior angles and central orifice slightly prominent; dorsal plate small and restricted to posterior third; endophallus short; small anterior part and thicker posterior part covered by minute teeth; contorted; paramere slender; basic half straight; apical half distinctly curved; at apex, short setae confined to inner face at curved part; more setae at base. Etymology: The species name is derived from the same Latin word (meaning dark) and refers to the dark colouration., Published as part of Irmler, Ulrich, 2021, The Neotropical species of the genus Lithocharodes SHARP, 1876 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Xantholinini), pp. 29-85 in Beitr��ge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 71 (1) on page 53, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.71.1.029-085, http://zenodo.org/record/5742999

Lithocharodes nigrita spec. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 51DB16D4-FB55-4338-B12D-AFD4290322C0 Figs 25 a-d, 44 G, 48 E Type material: male, holotype: Peru, Cusco, Cock of the Rock Lodge, NE Paucartambo (71��32.7'W, 13��03.3'S), 1120 m elev., flight intercept trap, 4.- 9.11.2007, leg. D. Brzoska, #PER1B07 001 (KNHM). Paratypes: Peru: 1 female, 1 male with same data as holotype (1 KNHM, 1 UIC); Dept. Junin, Pampa Hermosa Lodge, 22 km N San Ramon (75��25.5'W, 10��59.3'S), 1220 m elev., flight intercept trap, male, 24.- 27.11.2007, leg. D. Brzoska (KNHM); Bolivia: Cochabamba, Cochabamba, 117 km E Yungas (Cochabamba ��� Villa Tunari Rd.) (65��41'12"W, 17��6'32"S), 1040 m elev., flight intercept trap, 3 males, 2 female, 1.-6./10.- 12.2.1999, leg. R. Hanley, #BOL1H99 073/028 (3 KNHM, 1 UIC)); same region but 109 km E (65��42'54"W, 17��8'52"S), flight intercept trap, female, 8.- 12.2.1999, leg. F. Genier #BOL1G99 060 (KNHM); same region but 105 km E Yungas, nr. Rio Carmen Mayu (65��43'50"W, 17��8'51"S), 1750 m elev., flight intercept trap, female, 8.- 12.2.1999, leg. R. Hanley #BOL1H99 071 (KNHM); same region but 124 km E Yungas (65��38'43"W, 17��3'54"S), 730 m elev., flight intercept trap, female, 1.- 6.2.1999, leg. R. Hanley, #BOL1H99 029 (KNHM). Diagnosis: Lithocharodes nigrita is one of the mediumsized dark species with dense punctation of the head. It can be separated from the similar L. ecuadoriensis, L. katharinae and L. boliviana by the long elytra, which are longer than the pronotum, whereas elytra are only as long as the pronotum in the other species. Tergite VII and sternite VII of male are without peculiarities and, thus, are similar to L. katharinae and L. boliviana. The endophallus is totally covered by medium-sized teeth without lobes such as in L. ecuadoriensis and not transparent such as in L. katharinae and L. boliviana. Description: Length: 5.4 mm. Colouration: Totally black; legs and antennae dark brown. Head: 0.97 mm long, 0.77 mm wide; eyes large, slightly prominent; postocular sides slightly divergent; 2.4 times as long as eyes; posterior angles widely rounded; posterior margin convex; interantennal furrows indistinct; setiferous punctation extremely dense; on average, interstices between punctures one fourth as wide as diameter of punctures; on anterior vertex partly coriaceous; small midline impunctate; interstices between punctures without microsculpture; surface nearly matt due to dense punctation. Antennae with first antennomere two thirds as long as head length; second and third antennomere conical; longer than wide; subsequent antennomeres wider than long and increasing in width; third antennomere nearly twice as wide as long; tenth antennomere 2.5 times as wide as long; all antennomeres densely pubescent. Pronotum: 1.09 mm long, 0.70 mm wide; widest in anterior third; anteriad, conically narrowed toward neck; in middle third slightly narrowed; in posterior third nearly parallel; setiferous punctation deep and dense; on average, interstices between punctures one fourth to half as wide as diameter of punctures; moderately wide midline impunctate; irregular row of punctures adjacent to midline with 24-25 punctures; surface without microsculpture; shiny. Elytra: 0.76 mm long, 0.70 mm wide; humeral angles sub-rectangular; sides slightly divergent; posterior angles sub-rectangular; posterior margin slightly convex; widely retreated to suture; setiferous punctation dense but less dense than on head and pronotum; on average, interstices as wide as to half as wide as diameter of punctures; surface with weak microsculpture; less shiny than pronotum. Abdomen with dense but weak setiferous punctation; surface with denser and deeper isodiametric microsculpture than on elytra; sternite VII of male simply rounded at apex; tergite VII of male with straight apical margin. Mesotibia with three, metatibia with two subapical ctenidia. Aedeagus oval with triangular prominence at apical orifice; endophallus with two strings; both with slight torsions around each other; one string with larger teeth in several rows; second string with minute teeth; paramere bilobed; both lobes slender; outer lobe half as long as inner lobe; inner lobe slightly curved; at apex with small spot with minute sensillae; apical half without setae; in basal half with numerous long setae at inner face. Etymology: The species name is derived from the same Latin word (meaning black) and refers to the blackish colouration., Published as part of Irmler, Ulrich, 2021, The Neotropical species of the genus Lithocharodes SHARP, 1876 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Xantholinini), pp. 29-85 in Beitr��ge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 71 (1) on pages 52-53, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.71.1.029-085, http://zenodo.org/record/5742999

Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change., H.R.P.P., B.K-R., and the sWorm workshops were supported by the sDiv [Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (DFG FZT 118)]. H.R.P.P., O.F. and N.E. acknowledge funding by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 677232 to NE). K.S.R. and W.H.v.d.P. were supported by ERC-ADV grant 323020 to W.H.v.d.P. Also supported by iDiv (DFG FZT118) Flexpool proposal 34600850 (C.A.G. and N.E.); the Academy of Finland (285882) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (postdoctoral fellowship and RGPIN-2019-05758) (E.K.C.); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01LO0901A) (D.J.R.); ERC-AdG 694368 (M.R.); the TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41) (M.L); and the BBSRC David Phillips Fellowship to F.T.d.V. (BB/L02456X/1). In addition, data collection was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (12-04-01538-а, 12-04-01734-a, 14-44-03666-r_center_a, 15-29-02724-ofi_m, 16-04-01878-a 19-05-00245, 19-04-00-609-a); Tarbiat Modares University; Aurora Organic Dairy; UGC(NERO) (F. 1-6/Acctt./NERO/2007-08/1485); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (RGPIN-2017-05391); Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-0098-12); Science for Global Development through Wageningen University; Norman Borlaug LEAP Programme and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (12/22510-8); Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station; INIA - Spanish Agency (SUM 2006-00012-00-0); Royal Canadian Geographical Society; Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland) (2005-S-LS-8); University of Hawai’i at Mānoa (HAW01127H; HAW01123M); European Union FP7 (FunDivEurope, 265171; ROUTES 265156); U.S. Department of the Navy, Commander Pacific Fleet (W9126G-13-2-0047); Science and Engineering Research Board (SB/SO/AS-030/2013) Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense (RC-1542); Maranhão State Research Foundation (FAPEMA 03135/13, 02471/17); Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES 3281/2013); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (LTT17033); Colorado Wheat Research Foundation; Zone Atelier Alpes, French National Research Agency (ANR-11-BSV7-020-01, ANR-09-STRA-02-01, ANR 06 BIODIV 009-01); Austrian Science Fund (P16027, T441); Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank Frankfurt am Main; Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (Project Ref. A AAB 62 03 qA731606); SÉPAQ, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland; Science Foundation Ireland (EEB0061); University of Toronto (Faculty of Forestry); National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Haliburton Forest & Wildlife Reserve; NKU College of Arts & Sciences Grant; Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft (837393 and 837426); Mountain Agriculture Research Unit of the University of Innsbruck; Higher Education Commission of Pakistan; Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala; UNEP/GEF/TSBF-CIAT Project on Conservation and Sustainable Management of Belowground Biodiversity; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland; Complutense University of Madrid/European Union FP7 project BioBio (FPU UCM 613520); GRDC; AWI; LWRRDC; DRDC; CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council) and FONCyT (National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion) (PICT, PAE, PIP), Universidad Nacional de Luján y FONCyT (PICT 2293 (2006)); Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies du Québec (131894); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SCHR1000/3-1, SCHR1000/6-1, 6-2 (FOR 1598), WO 670/7-1, WO 670/7-2, & SCHA 1719/1-2), CONACYT (FONDOS MIXTOS TABASCO/PROYECTO11316); NSF (DGE-0549245, DGE-0549245, DEB-BE-0909452, NSF1241932, LTER Program DEB-97–14835); Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago; Dean’s Scholar Program at UIC; Garden Club of America Zone VI Fellowship in Urban Forestry from the Casey Tree Endowment Fund; J.E. Weaver Competitive Grant from the Nebraska Chapter of The Nature Conservancy; The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Depaul University; Elmore Hadley Award for Research in Ecology and Evolution from the UIC Dept. of Biological Sciences, Spanish CICYT (AMB96-1161; REN2000-0783/GLO; REN2003-05553/GLO; REN2003-03989/GLO; CGL2007-60661/BOS); Yokohama National University; MEXT KAKENHI (25220104); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (25281053, 17KT0074, 25252026); ADEME (0775C0035); Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (CGL2017-86926-P); Syngenta Philippines; UPSTREAM; LTSER (Val Mazia/Matschertal); Marie Sklodowska Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (747607); National Science & Technology Base Resource Survey Project of China (2018FY100306); McKnight Foundation (14–168); Program of Fundamental Researches of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences (AААА-A18–118021490070–5); Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 310690/2017–0, 404191/2019–3, 307486/2013–3); French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs; Bavarian Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forestry (Project No B62); INRA AIDY project; MIUR PRIN 2008; Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station; Estonian Science Foundation; Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Canada; Russian Science Foundation (16-17-10284); National Natural Science Foundation of China (41371270); Australian Research Council (FT120100463); USDA Forest Service-IITF.

Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change.

Pseudastenus amazonicus Irmler, sp. nov. Figs. 44, 53 Material examined. Holotype. Male, dissected, deposited in INPA, labeled as holotype by Irmler. ��� Brazil: AM, Manaus, Ilha de Marchanteria (3��15���S, 59��58W), 27.7,1981, floatingm meadow, #BE50B, leg. J. Adis ���. Paratype: 1 female deposited in UIC. Female, labeled as paratype by Irmler. Brazil: Manaus, L. Janauar��, 3.1972, leg. U. Irmler Diagnosis. The species can be differentiated from the other species of Pseudastenus with elongate elytra by the totally light brown coloration of elytra and the only slightly darker coloration of the head. In contrast to all other Pseudastenus species, the apical sclerites of the aedeagus have several hooks pointing laterally and not only one hook pointing backwards (Fig 53). Description. Body length: 2.89 mm. Coloration: head light brown; pronotum lighter brown than head, nearly yellow; elytra slightly darker brown than pronotum, but lighter than head; abdomen brown; femurs brown, tibiae, tarsi and antennae yellow (Fig. 44). Head: 0.37 mm long, 0.41 mm wide; eyes moderately short; 0.24 times as long as total length of head; half as long as postocular length. Pronotum: 0.37 mm long; 0.46 mm wide; widest near anterior obtuse angles; apical and posterior margin curved; sides slightly convergentposteriad; with long black seta, each marking obtuse angles. Elytra: 0.46 mm long, 0.45 mm wide; humeral angles widely curved; wings developed; sides slightly curved, widest in the middle; posterior margin deeply emarginate; suture length only 0.9 times as long as lateral length; microtuberculate punctation larger than on head and pronotum; with loose pubescence; posterior margin with fringe of short black setae; Abdomen with normal punctation and denser pubescence than fore-body. Aedeagus 0.47 mm long; 4.50 times as long as apical width; widest shortly behind apex; anteriad divergent; sclerites 0.08 mm long; with broad base, narrowed in the middle and shortly widened to a bi-hooked apex (Fig. 53). Etymology. The species name derived from the Brazilian state of Amazonas, where it was collected. Geographical records. Pseudastenus amazonicus was found in Central Amazonia along the Rio Solim��es, Amazonas (Brazil). Biological notes. The two specimens of P. amazonicus were collected in the inundation forest and floating meadows of the Rio Solim��es., Published as part of Busanello, Dilson G. C., Irmler, Ulrich & Caron, Edilson, 2020, Revision of Pseudastenus Bernhauer, synonym with Xenasterides Newton and six new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae), pp. 139-154 in Zootaxa 4755 (1) on pages 149-151, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4755.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3724291

Pseudastenus plaumanni (Bierig, 1939) Figs. 1���35, 37, 39, 46���47 Xenaster plaumanni Bierig, 1939: 179 (original description, type locality: ��� Brasil, Nova Teutonia���). Xenasterides plaumanni: Newton, 2017: 19 (generic name replaced). Type material examined. Lectotype herein designated (Fig. 37, 39). Male, dissected, deposited in FMNH, Brasil, Nova Teutonia. In the original description Bierig (1939) did not specify the number of specimens but mentioned that the male was unknown. The type deposited in FMNH is a male and it was labelled as lectotype. Additional materia l. PERU: 1 specimen from Huanuco (UIC); BRAZIL: 2 specimens from Goi��s (MZSP), 2 specimens from Distrito Federal (MZSP), 1 specimen from Paran�� (DZUP), 37 specimens from Santa Catarina (FMNH); ARGENTINA: 6 specimens from Missiones (FMNH), 10 specimens from Chaco (FMNH). Diagnosis. P. plaumanni belongs to the species group with developed hind wings and elytra longer than wide. Within this species group, it resembles P. latus in coloration and length of eyes. However, in P. plaumanni the apical sclerites of the aedeagus are entirely narrow and S-shaped (Figs. 46, 47). Description. Body length: 3.38 mm. Coloration: head, pronotum and appendices yellowish brown, head slightly darker and with lighter V-shaped pattern on head in some specimens; basal half of elytra dark brown; apical half yellowish brown; abdomen dark brown, slightly darker than basal half of elytra. Head 0.45 mm long, 0.51 mm wide; eyes slightly prominent; between 0.26 and 0.29 times as long as total length of head; between 0.52 and 0.63 times as long as postocular length; approximately parallel; posterior margin straight; depressed on central vertex in front of neck. Pronotum 0.44 mm long, 0.50 mm wide; widest close to anterior angles; anterior margin slightly curved; posterior margin straight; sides converging posteriad. Elytra 0.53 mm long, 0.50 mm wide; conspicuously longer than pronotum, but slightly narrower; sides slightly convexly curved; widest in the middle; humeral angles rounded and obtuse, but conspicuously developed; hind wings developed; posterior angles nearly rectangular; posterior margin emarginate; suture 0.86 times as long as lateral side; microtuberculate punctation larger than on head and pronotum; with yellow pubescence pointing posteriad, longer than head and pronotum; posterior edge with fringe of sparse robust setae. Abdomen with dense punctation; with yellow pubescence pointing posteriad; pubescence conspicuously longer than on the rest of body. Aedeagus elongate; 0.55 mm long; near 4.25 times as long as wide; parameres indistinguishable; conspicuous basal sclerite; barely S-shaped apical sclerites, 0.11 mm long; ejaculatory duct with two trifurcate sclerites (Figs. 46, 47). Taxonomic notes. The type specimen of P. plaumanni, including aedeagus, was in bad conditions. Figure 46 shows the aedeagus of the lectotype, whereas Fig. 48 shows the aedeagus of a male collected near the type locality. In Figs. 46 and 47 the S-shaped apical sclerites ���b��� is considered as diagnostic character for P. plaumanni. Geographical records. Pseudastenus plaumanni is known from Brazil (north of Goi��s, Distrito Federal, Paran�� and Santa Catarina), from Argentina (Chaco and Missiones), and from Peru (Huanuco). Biological notes. Specimens of Pseudastenus plaummani were collected in leaf litter and decaying wood., Published as part of Busanello, Dilson G. C., Irmler, Ulrich & Caron, Edilson, 2020, Revision of Pseudastenus Bernhauer, synonym with Xenasterides Newton and six new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae), pp. 139-154 in Zootaxa 4755 (1) on pages 142-145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4755.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3724291, {"references":["Bierig, A. (1939) Litozoon y Xenaster (col.), 2 generosnuevos de Staphylinidae. RevistaChilena de Historia Natural, 42, 176 - 180.","Newton, A. F. (2017) Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes in Staphyliniformia (Coleoptera). Insecta Mundi, a journal of world insect systematics, 0595, 1 - 52."]}

Pseudastenus latus Busanello& Caron, sp. nov. Figs. 42, 50 Material examined. Holotype. Male, dissected, deposited in FMNH, labels: (1) “VEN.: Barinas, 32 km /E E1 Canton, Rio /Caparo Res. Sta. S.,/ 3–5-II-1978,/seasonal forest, J./ B. Heppner ” [white label, printed in black]; (2) “At black/light” [white label, printed in black]; (3) “ HOLOTYPE / Pseudastenus latus Busanello & Caron /det. E. Caron, 2019” [red label/ printed in black]. Diagnosis. Pseudastenus latus differs from P. plaumanni by the dark brown coloration of the head (lighter brown to yellowish in P. plaumanni) and mainly by the apical sclerites broader in the basal half (Fig. 50). Description. Body length: 3.20 mm. Coloration: head, pronotum and appendices yellowish brown, head slightly darker; coloration of basal elytra similar to head, apical half similar to pronotum; abdomen dark brown. Head 0.45 mm long, 0.52 mm wide; eyes slightly prominent; 0.30 times as long as total length of head; 0.86 times as long as postocular length; approximately parallel; posterior margin straight; depressed on central vertex in front of neck. Pronotum 0.45 mm long, 0.52 mm wide; widest close to anterior angles; anterior margin slightly curved; posterior margin straight; sides convergingposteriad. Elytra 0.64 mm long, 0.53 mm wide; conspicuously longer than pronotum; sides slightly convexly curved; widest in the middle; humeral angles rounded and obtuse, but conspicuously developed; hind wings developed; posterior angles nearly rectangular; posterior margin emarginate; suture 0.82 times as long as lateral side; microtuberculate punctation larger than on head and pronotum; with yellow pubescence pointing posteriad, longer than head and pronotum; posterior edge with fringe of sparse robust setae. Abdomen with dense punctation; with yellow pubescence pointing posteriad; pubescence conspicuously longer than on the rest of body. Aedeagus elongate; 0.61 mm long; 4.18 times as long as wide; sides parallel for almost the entire length, without grooves on internal sac and apical sclerites enlarged in the basal half, 0.11 mm long (Fig. 50). Etymology. The specific name derives from the Latin word “latus” meaning broad and refers to the shape of apical sclerites of the aedeagus. Geographical records. Pseudastenus latus is known from the southeast of the state of Barinas (Venezuela). Biological notes. No information on labels.

Pseudastenus oculatus Irmler, sp. nov. Figs. 43, 52 Material examined. Holotype. Male, dissected. Deposited in INPA, labeled as holotype by Irmler. Brazil, Manaus, Lg. Janauar��, 03.1972, leg. U. Irmler. Paratypes. 1 female, labeled as paratype by Irmler. Brazil, AM, Rio Solim��es, Ilha Marchanteria (59��58���W, 3��15���S), V��rzea, 4.2.1981, leg. J. Adis (UIC); 1 female, Brazil, S��o Paulo de Oliven��a, Lg. Amataura, 8.1961, leg. Fittkau (UIC). Diagnosis. P. oculatus mostly resembles P. latus in the size of the eyes and coloration but differs by the shape of sclerites of the aedeagus. Description. Body length: 3.35 mm. Coloration: head dark brown with clypeus yellowish; pronotum light brown to yellowish; elytra dark brown, nearly black in anterior half, more yellowish in posterior half; abdomen dark brown to nearly black with posterior margin of segments yellowish; legs and antennae yellow. Head 0.43 mm long, 0.48 mm wide; eyes large and prominent; 0.33 times as long as total length of head; 0.87 times as long as postocular length; sides approximately parallel; posterior margin straight; slightly depressed on central vertex in front of neck. Pronotum 0.43 mm long, 0.48 mm wide; widest close to anterior angles; anterior margin slightly curved; posterior margin less curved than anterior margin; sides converging posteriad Elytra 0.57 mm long, 0.55 mm wide; sides slightly convexly curved; widest in the middle; humeral angles rounded and obtuse, but conspicuously developed; hind wings developed; posterior angles nearly rectangular; posterior margin triangularly emarginate; suture 0.82 times as long as lateral side; microtuberculate punctation larger than on head and pronotum; with yellow pubescence pointing posteriad; posterior edge with fringe of short dark setae; surface matt. Abdomen with dense punctation; long pubescence pointing posteriad. Aedeagus elongate; 0.51 mm long; approximately four times as long as wide; subparallel; slightly convergent to apex; sclerites with broad base and apical hook; short, 0.11 mm long (Fig. 52). Etymology. The species name derives from the Latin word ���oculatus��� meaning concerning eyes, and refers to the large eyes. Geographical records. The specimens are collected from different places of the V��rzea of the Rio Solim��es, Amazonas (Brazil). Biological notes. P. oculatus was collected from the litter layer of V��rzea forests., Published as part of Busanello, Dilson G. C., Irmler, Ulrich & Caron, Edilson, 2020, Revision of Pseudastenus Bernhauer, synonym with Xenasterides Newton and six new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae), pp. 139-154 in Zootaxa 4755 (1) on page 149, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4755.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3724291

Busanello, Dilson G. C., Irmler, Ulrich, Caron, Edilson (2020): Revision of Pseudastenus Bernhauer, synonym with Xenasterides Newton and six new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae). Zootaxa 4755 (1): 139-154, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4755.1.6

Pseudastenus barretoi Bernhauer, 1933 Figs. 36, 38, 51 Pseudastenus barretoi Bernhauer, 1933: 520 (original description, type locality: ���Barreto, Jujuy ���); Bachmann et al., 2017: 14 (mention syntype in the MACN). Type material examined. Lectotype herein designated (Figs. 36, 38). Male, dissected, deposited in FMNH, Argentina, Barreto, Jujuy, August 1929, don. Bruch. The male specimen in FMNH was designated as a lectotype and your designation label was added to the pin with the specimen. A paralectotype is deposited in MACN (Bachmann et al., 2017). According to the labels, Bernhauer named the specimen at first as Astenus magnificus, but the manuscript name was not used and in the final description Bernhauer named the species Pseudastenus barretoi. Diagnosis. The species is part of a group of species with short elytra, reduced hind wings and indistinct humeral angles. Actually, besides P. barretoi, two further species are known in this group: P. ribeirocostae and P. schubarti Eyes in P. barretoi Bernhauer, 1933 are less reduced (0.30 times as long as total head length) than in the two other species (0.20 times as long as total head length). Coloration in P. ribeirocostae and P. schubarti is more yellowish brown, whereas it is more blackish in P. barretoi except the yellow pronotum and posterior half of elytra. Redescription. Body length: 3.38 mm. Coloration: Head, anterior half of elytra, and abdominal segments black: pronotum, posterior half of elytra, and posterior margin of tergite VII and base of tergite VIII yellowish; blackish part of elytra indistinctly continued along suture and laterally; legs and antennae yellowish. Head: 0.43 mm long, 0.47 mm wide; eyes moderately large; 0.28 times as long as head; postocular sides approximately 1.5 times as long as eyes; shape trapezoidal; much smaller at front than at base; anterior margin smoothly rounded, posterior margin straight; posterior angles rectangular; eyes approximately at median position between front and posterior margin; Pronotum: 0.44 mm long, 0.48 mm wide; widest at anterior fourth; angles rounded; strictly tapered to small neck; posteriorly convergent; at posterior margin one fourth narrower than at widest part. Elytra: 0.42 mm long, 0.45 mm wide; length of suture: 0.37 mm; without distinct humeral angles; humeral angles widely rounded; sides from humeral angles to posterior angles divergent; at posterior angles one fourth wider than at indistinct humeral angles; posterior margin triangularly bend to suture; lateral sides much longer than suture; setiferous punctures slightly larger than on pronotum; surface matt. Abdomen with dense setiferous punctation; setae black; longer than on forebody; pointing posteriad; Aedeagus elongate; 0.57 mm long; 4.6 times as long as wide; slightly converging to apex; sclerites 0.16 mm long; slightly s-shaped, at base more sclerotized than at apex. Geographical records. Pseudastenus barretoi is only known from the type location in northern Argentina (Jujuy). Biological notes. No information is given about the sampling habitats by Bernhauer (1933)., Published as part of Busanello, Dilson G. C., Irmler, Ulrich & Caron, Edilson, 2020, Revision of Pseudastenus Bernhauer, synonym with Xenasterides Newton and six new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae), pp. 139-154 in Zootaxa 4755 (1) on page 142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4755.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3724291, {"references":["Bernhauer, M. (1933) NeueStaphylinidenausArgentinien (II) (34. Beitragzur sudamerikanischen Fauna). Revista de Entomologia, 3 (4), 517 - 524.","Bachmann, A. O., Chani-Posse M., Guala M. E. & Newton, A. F. (2017) A catalog of the types of Staphylinidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) deposited in the MuseoArgentino de CienciasNataruales, Buenos Aires (MACN). Zootaxa, 4223 (1), 1 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4223.1.1"]}

Pseudastenus schubarti Irmler, sp. nov. Fig. 45, 54 Material examined. Holotype. Male, dissected, deposited in INPA, labeled as holotype by Irmler. ��� Rio de Janeiro, GB, Floresta da Tijuca, 20.VIII.1958, leg. H. Schubart. Paratypes. 1 male depositied in UIC. labeled as paratype by Irmler. Rio de Janeiro, GB, Sumar��, 4.10.1958, leg. H. Schubart; 1 male deposited in UIC. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Floresta de Tijuca (- 22.88 S, - 43.11 W), 20.8.1958, leg. H. Schubart; 2 females deposited in UIC. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Sumar�� (- 22.88 S, - 43.11 W), 4.10.1958, leg H. Schubart. Diagnosis. Pseudastenus schubarti can be separated from P. ribeirocostae, that has also reduced hind wings and short eyes, by the lighter coloration and even shorter eyes. The apical sclerites of aedeagus are more slender than those of P. ribeirocostae (Fig. 54) Description. Body length: 3.31 mm. Coloration: head and elytra light brown; pronotum slightly lighter brown, nearly yellow; abdomen darker brown; first segment colored as elytra; following segments darker; darkened posteriad; legs and antennae yellow. Head 0.45 mm long, 0.46 mm wide; widest close to posterior angles; posterior angles nearly rectangular; eyes small, only 0,2 times as long as total length of head and 0.4 times as long as postocular length; posterior central edge with inconspicuous depression in front of neck, with dense microtuberculate punctation and loose pubescence laterally. Pronotum 0.45 mm long, 0.45 mm wide; widest close to anterior angles; anterior margin slightly curved to obtuse anterior angles; sides conspicuously convergent to posterior angles; posterior margin straight; posterior margin only 0.70 times as wide as maximum width. Elytra 0.42 mm long, 0.30 mm wide; widest close to posterior angles; sides convergent to humeral angles; humeral angles obtuse and inconspicuous; hind wings reduced; posterior margin semi-circular with incision at suture; suture 0.8 times as long as total length; punctures slightly larger than on head and pronotum and pubescence longer; posterior margin with fringe of short dark setae. Abdomen with less deep microtuberculate punctation than fore-body but with longer pubescence pointing posteriad. Aedeagus 0.49 mm long; subparallel; 3.76 times as long as wide; slightly constricted in front of apex; sclerites 0.05 mm long; acute at apex and without hooks (Fig. 54). Etymology. The name of the species honors Dr. Herbert Schubart, the former director of the INPA, Manaus, who assigned his staphylinid collection to my disposal in 1976 for further study. Geographical records. P. schubarti was collected in the region of the city of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Biological notes. No further information is available about the ecology of the species., Published as part of Busanello, Dilson G. C., Irmler, Ulrich & Caron, Edilson, 2020, Revision of Pseudastenus Bernhauer, synonym with Xenasterides Newton and six new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae), pp. 139-154 in Zootaxa 4755 (1) on page 153, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4755.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3724291

Pseudastenus ribeirocostae Busanello & Caron, sp. nov. Figs. 40, 48 Material. Holotype. Male, dissected, deposited in DZUP, labels: (1) “Sample-ID: CC2 F4F7/ Staphylinidae: Xenaster ” [white label, printed in black and handwritten]; (2) BRAZIL: PR: Reserva do Cachoeira /APA Guarequeçaba Moist Lowland / Forest,sift. Litter, winklerextr. coll./ Bihn; 20.7.-9-8[Aug.].[20]07” [white label, printed in black]; (3) “ DZUP / 270719 ” [white label, printed in black]; (3) “ HOLOTYPE / Pseudastenus ribeirocostae Busanello & Caron /det. E. Caron, 2019” [red label/ printed in black]. Paratypes: BRAZIL: 22 specimens from BRAZIL, Paraná (DZUP) Diagnosis. Among the species group with short elytra and reduced hind wings Pseudastenus ribeirocostae can be separated from P. barretoi by smaller eyes and from P. schubarti by the darker anterior half of elytra. Males of these two species are distinguished by the different arrangement of sclerites in the aedeagus. Description. Body length: 3.30 mm. Coloration: Body yellowish brown, pronotum and appendices lighter, abdomen darker. Head 0.49 mm long, 0.49 mm wide; eyes small, very slightly prominent; 0.17 times as long as total length of head; 0.33 times as long as postocular length; approximately parallel; posterior margin straight; depressed on central vertex in front of neck. Pronotum 0.47 mm long, 0.49 mm wide; widest close to anterior angles; anterior margin slightly curved; posterior margin straight; sides convergingposteriad. Elytra 0.47 mm long, 0.38 mm wide; as long as pronotum, but conspicuously narrower than pronotum; sides slightly diverging posteriad; widest near the apex; humeral angles rounded; hind wings not developed; posterior angles curved; posterior margin strongly emarginate, exposing tergite II medially; suture 0.82 times as long as lateral side; microtuberculate punctation larger than on head and pronotum; with yellow pubescence pointing posteriad, longer than head and pronotum; posterior edge with fringe of sparse robust setae. Abdomen with dense punctation; with yellow pubescence pointing posteriad; pubescence conspicuously longer than on the rest of body. Aedeagus elongate; 0.68 mm long; 5.50 times as long as wide; median lobe with sides slightly converging towards to the apex, robust basal sclerites and pair of inconspicuous apical sclerites, 0.09 mm long; ejaculatory duct with two trifurcate accessorysclerites, proximal two times longer than distal (Fig. 48). Etymology. The specific name honors professor Dr. Cibele Stramare Ribeiro-Costa of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), specialist in seed beetles (Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae). She has started and encouraged the recent studies of staphylinid beetles in Brazil. Geographical records. Pseudastenus ribeirocostae is known from the eastern regions of Paraná (Brazil). Biological notes. The specimens of Pseudastenus ribeirocostae were collected in leaf litter of cambisol and gleysol soils using the Winkler extraction.

Pseudastenus Bernhauer, 1933 Pseudastenus Bernhauer, 1933: 520 (original description); Bierig, 1939: 180 (mention the similarity with Xenaster Bierig); Blackwelder, 1944: 127 (list of species); Blackwelder, 1952: 324 (nomenclatural notes); Bachmann et al., 2017: 14 (mention about type specimen in the MACN). Type species: Pseudastenus barretoi Bernhauer, 1933 (fixed by monotypy). Xenaster Bierig, 1939: 179 (original description, preoccupied name, not Xenaster Simonwitsch, 1871); Blackwelder, 1944: 127 (list of species); Blackwelder, 1952: 405 (nomenclatural notes); Newton & Thayer, 1992: 62 (nomenclatural note); Navarrete-Heredia et al., 2002: 283 (nomenclatrual note, distribution); Bouchard et al., 2011: 221 (nomenclatural note); Asenjo et al., 2013: 280 (distribution). Type species: Xenaster plaumanni Bierig, 1939 (fixed by monotypy). New synonym. Xenasterides Newton, 2017: 17 (replacement name for Xenaster Bierig, 1939). Type species: Xenaster plaumanni Bierig, 1939 (fixed by monotypy). New synonym. Diagnosis. Pseudastenus differs from the other genera of Lathrobiini by having the following set of characters: head, pronotum and elytra with dense, microtuberculate, setiferous punctures; neck one-third as wide as head; antennae short, clavate, gradually widened from antennomeres 4 to 11; 11th antennomere equal in length to the three preceding antennomeres combined (Fig. 2); anterior margin of labrum deeply emarginate at the middle, with four denticles, medial two denticles robust and each one with two spine-like setae, each external denticle with one spinelike seta (Figs. 8, 21); gula very narrow and parallel sided; pronotum trapezoidal, slightly wider than long, enlarged in anterior third (Fig. 15); profurcasternum expanded caudally and laterally, almost contiguous with the pronotal hypomeron (Fig. 16); profemur enlarged (Fig. 27); protarsus not dilated; and metatibia with apical ctenidium on the posterior face. Redescription. Male. Maximum body length 3.50 mm, humeral width 0.50 mm. Body elongate (Figs. 36���37, 40���45); head and pronotum equal in width, elytra conspicuously narrower and abdomen tapering to apex. Head, pronotum and elytra with dense, microtuberculate, setiferous punctures, surface matt (Figs. 1, 15, 18); abdominal segments slightly glossier. Abdominal setae longer than those of the remaining body, length of setae gradually increasing to the apex. Head: wider at base than at front, shape trapezoidal (Fig. 1); basal margin with short medial emargination; neck one-third as wide as head. Antennae short, reaching the apical margin of pronotum; clavate, gradually widened from antennomeres 4 to 11; fine pubescence gradually increasing to apex; scape long, almost as long as four subsequent antennomeres combined; pedicel and antennomere 3 longer than wide, pedicel longer than 3rd; antennomere 4 subquadrate; antennomeres 5 to 10 wider than long; antennomere 11 almost two times longer than wide, length equal to the three preceding antennomeres combined (Fig. 2); antennomeres 9 to 11 with glandular pores (Figs. 3���7). Labrum transverse, with longitudinal median sulcus on the surface (Fig. 8, 21); anterior margin deeply emarginate at the middle, with four denticles, each medial two denticles robust and with two spinelike setae, each external denticles with one spine-like seta; lateral margin rounded. Mandibles symmetric, with three internal teeth, medial tooth shortest (Figs. 9, 22). Maxilla with short galea and lacinia, almost equal in length and densely ciliate (Fig. 23); palpomere 1 longer than wide; palpomere 2 three times longer than wide, enlarged to apex; palpomere 3 longest, almost three times longer than wide, asymmetric with protuberant internal margin; palpomere 4 shortest, very small and acute (Figs. 10, 11, 23). Mentum hexagonal; wider than long (Fig. 12). Labium with glossae subdivided in three dentate lobes, median lobe transverse and lateral lobes rounded (Figs. 12, 13); Hypopharynx with lobes of spinelike setae on anterior margin (Fig. 14). Labial palpomere 2 longest and six times longer 3 than palpomere 1, set of spine-like setae on the ventral margin of the internal face (Figs. 12, 14, 17); 3 narrowest, parallel sides and truncate apex; palpomere 2 and 3 with internal face conspicuously concave (Figs. 14, 17). Gula very narrow and parallel sides. Thorax: shape of pronotum trapezoidal (Fig. 15); anterior margin curved; posterior margin slightly curved. Anterior and posterior angles with macrosetae, anterior setae longer than posterior setae. Pronotal hypomeron with conspicuous superior line deflected ventrally to the anterior margin; joining the prosternal transverse carina (Fig. 16). Profurcasternum expanded caudally and laterally, almost contiguous with the pronotal hypomeron. Basisternum carinate and contiguous to the intercoxal carina (Fig. 16). Posterior margin of elytra emarginate. Hind wings well developed or short and poorly developed. Mesoventrite long, with the same length of metaventrite (Fig. 19); mesocoxae contiguous; mesoventrite process longer and sharper than metaventrite process. Tarsal formula 5-5-5; tarsomere 1 longest and 4 shortest (Fig. 27). Profemur enlarged (Fig. 27); metatibia with apical ctenidium on the posterior face. Abdomen: segments III���V parallel sided, VI���VIII tapering to abdominal apex. Segments III���VI with two pairs of paratergites, narrow and equally long as tergites (Figs. 24���25); segments VII���VIII without pair of paratergites, but with lateral lobes (Fig. 26). Tergite VIII with posterior margin pointed at the middle (Fig. 28); sternite VIII with posterior margin broadly rounded (Fig. 29). Tergite IX with long and symmetrical ventral struts (Fig. 30), anterior and posterior margin conspicuously emarginate at the middle; sternite IX three times longer than wide (Fig. 31), posterior margin rounded and median three-fifths fringed and pair of subapical macrosetae. Tergite X trapezoidal, anterior margin curved; latero-apical and posterior margin fringed, with two or three subapical macrosetae (Fig. 32). Aedeagus elongate, 3.7 to 5.9 times longer than wide; parameres not distinguishable; median lobe with two pairs of internal sclerites, the basal pair more robust than apical; and ejaculatory duct with two trifurcate sclerites (at least in P. plaumanni and P. ribeirocostae) (Figs. 46, 47). Female. Similar to male, except for tergite IX without ventral struts, almost totally divided longitudinally (Fig. 33); hemisternite IX with set of subapical macrosetae and posterior margin fringed (Fig. 34); tergite X similar to male, but with 4 anterior margin pointed (Fig. 35). Sclerotized spermatheca not found. The females should be identified by association with the male. Geographical records. Mexico (Quintana Roo), Colombia (Risaralda), Peru (Hu��nuco), Brazil (Amazonas, Distrito Federal, Goi��s, Rio de Janeiro, Paran��, Santa Catarina); Argentina (Chaco, Jujuy, Missiones). Remarks. The species of the genus are usually rare and found in restricted areas. They were usually collected in only small numbers at their sampling locations. Only P. plaumanni seems to have a wider distribution from southeastern Peru to northern Argentina. According to information given by Lee Herman (AMNH), a higher number of species can be expected regarding the material deposited already in museums waiting to be described which can be also derived from species only present as female specimens for this study. As the information labelled to the studied specimens, the species of the genus live in the litter layer of rainforests. As two species groups could be differentiated one with normally developed elytra and hind wings and one with reduced elytra of hind wings, two groups with different ecologically demands can be separated. The first group with well-developed elytra certainly life in the upper humus layer of the forests, whereas the second group with reduced hind wings will prefer deeper humus horizons. Furthermore, the reduced flight ability indicates a low distribution ability and, thus, a more restricted distribution than in the group with well-developed hind wings. They may represent relict species which indicate former relict forest patches during ice age more even earlier geological eras. In particular more species of this group can be expected in mountainous regions such as in the Atlantic forest in Brazil or the eastern slope of the Andean range., Published as part of Busanello, Dilson G. C., Irmler, Ulrich & Caron, Edilson, 2020, Revision of Pseudastenus Bernhauer, synonym with Xenasterides Newton and six new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae), pp. 139-154 in Zootaxa 4755 (1) on pages 140-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4755.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3724291, {"references":["Bernhauer, M. (1933) NeueStaphylinidenausArgentinien (II) (34. Beitragzur sudamerikanischen Fauna). Revista de Entomologia, 3 (4), 517 - 524.","Bierig, A. (1939) Litozoon y Xenaster (col.), 2 generosnuevos de Staphylinidae. RevistaChilena de Historia Natural, 42, 176 - 180.","Blackwelder, R. E. (1944) Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South Ameri- ca. Part 1. United States National Museum Bulletin, 185, xii + 1 - 188. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185. i","Blackwelder, R. E. (1952) The generic names of the beetle family Staphylinidae, with an essay on genotypy. United States National Museum Bulletin, 200, iv + 1 - 483.","Bachmann, A. O., Chani-Posse M., Guala M. E. & Newton, A. F. (2017) A catalog of the types of Staphylinidae (Insecta, Coleoptera) deposited in the MuseoArgentino de CienciasNataruales, Buenos Aires (MACN). Zootaxa, 4223 (1), 1 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4223.1.1","Newton, A. F. Jr. & Thayer, M. K. (1992) Current classification and family-group names inStaphyliniformia (Coleoptera). Fieldiana: Zoology, New Series, 67, 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3544","Navarrete-Heredia, J. L., Newton, A. F., Thayer, M. K., Ashe, J. S. & Chandler, D. S. (2002) GuiaIlustrada de losGeneros de Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) de Mexico-Illustrated Guide to the Genera of Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) of Mexico. Universidad de Guadalajara y CONABIO, Mexico, xii + 401 pp.","Bouchard, P., Bousquet, Y., Davies, A. E., Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A., Lawrence, J. F., Lyal, C. H. C., Newton, A. F., Reid, C. A. M., Schmitt, M., Slipinski, S. A. & Smith, A. B. T. (2011) Family group names in Coleoptera (Insecta). ZooKeys, 88, 1 - 972. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 88.807","Asenjo, A., Irmler, U., Klimaszewski, J., Herman, L. H. & Chandler, D. S. (2013) A complete checklist with new records and geographical distribution of the rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) of Brazil. Insecta Mundi, 277, 1 - 419.","Newton, A. F. (2017) Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes in Staphyliniformia (Coleoptera). Insecta Mundi, a journal of world insect systematics, 0595, 1 - 52."]}

Pseudastenus ferrugineus Busanello & Caron, sp. nov. Figs. 41, 49 Material examined. Holotype. Male, dissected, deposited in DZUP, label: (1) “Brasil, Pará, Uruará/Cacau, II–III- 2015/Inverno, Serapilheira,/Reinaldo, Wully, Lucas, col.” [white label printed in black]; (3) “ HOLOTYPE / Pseudastenus ferrugineus Busanello & Caron /det. E. Caron, 2019” [red label/ printed in black]. Paratype: BRAZIL: 1 specimen from Pará (DZUP). 15 Diagnosis. Pseudastenus ferrugineus differs from the other species with elytra longer than wide by the rust brown to reddish pronotum and the coloration of the elytra with basal two-thirds darker than apical one-third. Description. Body length: 3.25 mm. Coloration: head dark brown; basal two thirds of elytra and abdomen dark brown to black, both darker than head; pronotum rust brown to reddish; apical one-third and appendices yellowish brown. Head 0.47 mm long, 0.52 mm wide; eyes prominent; 0.32 times as long as total length of head; 0.78 times as long as postocular length; approximately parallel; posterior margin straight; depressed on central vertex in front of neck. Pronotum 0.47 mm long, 0.54 mm wide; widest close to anterior angles; anterior margin slightly curved; posterior margin straight; sides convergingposteriad. Elytra 0.60 mm long, 0.52 mm wide; conspicuously longer thanpronotum, but slightly narrower than pronotum; sides slightly convexly curved; widest in the middle; humeral angles rounded and obtuse, but conspicuously developed; hind wings developed; posterior angles nearly rectangular; posterior margin emarginate; suture 0.86 times as long as lateral side; microtuberculate punctation larger than on head and pronotum; with yellow pubescence pointing posteriad, longer than head and pronotum; posterior edge with fringe of sparse robust setae. Abdomen with dense punctation; with yellow pubescence pointing posteriad; pubescence conspicuously longer than on the rest of body. Aedeagus elongate; 0.59 mm long; 5.85 times as long as wide; median lobe with sides slightly converging towards the apex, elongate apical sclerites, 0.13 mm long (Fig. 49). Etymology. The specific name derives from the Latin adjective “ferrugineus” meaning rust-brown and refers to the rust brown to reddish color of the pronotum. Geographical records. Pseudastenus ferrugineus is known only from the northwestern part of the state of Pará (Brazil). Biological notes. The specimens of Pseudastenus ferrugineus were collected in leaf litter.

Die Arbeit stellt die Ergebnisse aus 15 Jahren Unter­suchungen an Laufkäfern nach der Umstellung vom konventionellen auf ökologischen Landbau auf Hof Ritzerau (südöstliches Schleswig-Holstein, Deutsch­land) für die erfassten Laufkäferarten im Einzelnen sowie die Entwicklung der Artenvielfalt zusammen. Die Entwicklung der Laufkäferarten lässt sich nach verschiedenen ökologischen Gruppen einteilen. Zu unterscheiden sind Arten, die während der Sukzession mit ihren Mengen zurückgehen oder sich aus den Äckern in randliche Bereiche in die Nähe ihrer Quellhabitate zurückziehen. Dazu gehören häufige Arten des konventionellen Land­baus, z.B. Pterostichus melanarius, und Arten, die Beschattung benötigen und vornehmlich aus Wäldern stammen, z.B. Carabus coriaceus. Aus den ökologischen Gruppen der Arten des Offen­landes, z.B. wärmebegünstigtes und oligotrophes Grasland oder Heiden, sind eine Vielzahl an Arten eingewandert oder haben sich auf den ökologischen Äckern stark vermehrt und ausgebrei­tet. Auch auf Arten aus Grünbrachen trifft dies zu. Außerdem haben sich charakteristische Arten ökologisch bewirtschafteter Äcker oder fast ausgestorbene Arten, die früher in Äckern häufig waren, neu angesiedelt (z.B. Zabrus tenebrioides) und zum Teil stark vermehrt (z.B. Carabus auratus). Ferner können Arten des feuchten Grünlandes in nasseren Jahren die ökologischen Äcker nutzen, wenngleich sie sich dort nicht dauerhaft ansiedeln. Im speziellen Fall der Äcker des Ritzerauhofes können die Arten vor allem aus dem südwest­lichen Landschaftsteilen, die an trockene, offene Grünländer angrenzen oder über die hohen Bereiche des Duvenseebachtals aus dem Nordosten einwandern, während die Wälder im Nord­westen und die nassen Bereiche des südöstlichen Duvenseebaches als Barrieren wirken. Die Ent­wicklung der Artengemeinschaften im Untersuchungsgebiet hängt daher stark von den Einwanderungspforten und dem ökologischen Zustand der umliegenden Ökosysteme ab. Für die Zukunft ist eine weitere Einwanderung von Arten aus den mesotrophen Ökosystemen der Umgebung zu erwarten. Dies ist aus Sicht des Artenschutzes besonders vorteilhaft, da diese Gruppe sehr artenreich ist und außerdem eine Vielzahl gefährdeter Arten aufweist. Die Entwicklungs­analyse lässt erkennen, dass die Artenvielfalt auf den ökologisch bewirtschafteten Äckern von den Rändern zum Zentrum fortschreitet. Der Gradient zwischen Randbereichen und Zentralbe­reichen wird im Laufe der Sukzession zunehmend geringer, was sich auch positiv auf die Arten­vielfalt der Landschaft auswirkt. Danach hat der ökologische Landbau nicht nur eine aus Ge­sichtspunkten des Naturschutzes positive Wirkung auf die Ackerflächen selbst, sondern strahlt auch auf die angrenzenden Ökosysteme aus. The study compiles the results of a fifteen years research on ground beetles after the conversion from conventional to organic farming on Ritzerau Manor (south-eastern Schleswig-Holstein, Germany). The results display the succession of the single ground beetle species and of the changes in the species diver­sity. The changes of the single ground beetle species can be differentiated into specific ecological groups. These are species (1) with declining abun­dance during the succession or retreat from the arable fields into marginal areas near their origi­nal source habitats. Among these are dominant species from conventional fields, e.g. Pteros-tichus melanarius, or (2) species orginating from woods, e.g. Carabus coriaceus. Among the eco­logical group that depends on open habitats (3), are species preferring high temperature from oligotrophic grassland or heath benefit from organic agriculture. Many species invaded into the organically managed arable fields, showed increasing abundance, or wider distribution. Aditio­nally, species from fallow grassland belong to this ecological group. Furthermore, characteristic species from (4) organic arable fields or nearly extinct species, which were common in the past under less intensive agriculture, e.g. Zabrus tenebrioides, have recently invaded and have highly increased their abundance, e.g. Carabus auratus. (5) Some species from moist grassland have also widened their resources into the organic fields in rainy years but certainly cannot inhabit the field permanently. In the specific case of the arable fields of Ritzerau Manor, species mainly invaded the arable area from the south-western direction, where dry and open grassland border the area or via the upper parts of the Duvensee-Creek channel in the Northeast. No invasion was observed from the Northwest, where large woods are adjacent to the arable area, and from the Southeast, where the wet area of the wide swampy area of the Duvensee-Creek or the shallow lake Duvensee operate as barrier to the research area. In general, the changes in the species composition of organic arable fields strongly depend on the entries into the area and the ecological conditions in the adjacent source ecosystems. The invasion of new species after conversion to organic management will be faster, if adequate eco­systems are in the nearer sourrounding and slower, if such near natural habitats are in high distance. For the future, a further invasion of species from meso- to oligotrophic ecosystems can be expected. This is, in particular, beneficial for nature preservation because the ecological species group from oligotrophic habitats is exceptionally species-rich and endangered in the present nutrient-rich agricultural landscape. The analysis of the changes in the species diversity exhibits that the increase in the diversity on organic fields increase from the marginal to the central area. The area with low species rich­ness in the conventional field centres became successively smaller with time, which also affected positively the total diversity of the landscape. Considering this effect, organic agriculture is not only beneficial for the arable field area itself but also for the total landscape.

The Neotropical material of the genus Eleusis deposited in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, containing 440 specimens in 18 species, was studied. Additionally, specimens from French Guiana collected by J. Schmidl, Germany, were included. New records of eight rare species were listed and sampling details noted. Three new species were found: E. mazureki spec. nov., E. dybasi spec. nov., and E. chiriquensis spec. nov. The new species are described and integrated in the key to Neotropical Eleusis provided by Irmler (2017). Furthermore, corrections to the same paper are necessary. These are: Eleusis platysoma Irmler, 2017 is transferred to the genus Inopeplus (Salpingidae); Eleusis fauveli Irmler, 2017 is preoccupied by Eleusis fauveli Fagel, 1957 and E. fauveliana new name proposed for the former, and the location of holotype deposition of E. rufipennis is added. Nomenclatural acts Eleusis mazureki spec. nov. – urn.lsid:zoobank.org.act:220D0CEA-75CB-4537-BA0D-D95752582D34 Eleusis dybasi spec. nov. – urn.lsid:zoobank.org.act:ED409CD2-1674-4C51-94AE-A2AB6D54B066 Eleusis chiriquensis spec. nov. – urn.lsid:zoobank.org.act: EA43287D-B203-42E1-8A45-C1AC74396519, Contributions to Entomology = Beiträge zur Entomologie, Vol 69 No 1 (2019)

Eleusis boliviana IRMLER, 2017 Peru: Cuzco Dept., Consuelo, Manu rd. km 165, palm litter, bamboo shoots, 4 males, 3 females, 11.10.1982, leg. L.E. Watrous & G. Mazurek (FMNH). Remarks to distribution: In the description of the species IRMLER (2017) mentioned only the 4 type specimens, which were all collected from Villa Tunari, Bolivia, using a flight intercept trap. The specimens from the Field Museum of Natural History originated from only one location at Manu National Park, Peru. The new location is about 650 km north of the Bolivian records but in the same elevation zone of the eastern Andean slope., Published as part of Irmler, Ulrich, 2019, Additions to the Neotropical species of the genusEleusis LAPORTE, 1835 with description of new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Osorinae), pp. 71-77 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 69 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.69.1.071-077, http://zenodo.org/record/5212498, {"references":["IRMLER, U. 2017: The Neotropical species of the genus Eleusis LAPORTE, 1835 with description of the new genus Eleusima (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae). - Contributions to Entomology 67: 275 - 318. - DOI: 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 67.2.275 - 318."]}

Irmler, Ulrich (2019): Additions to the Neotropical species of the genusEleusis LAPORTE, 1835 with description of new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Osorinae). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 69 (1): 71-77, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.69.1.071-077, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.69.1.071-077

Eleusis fauveliana new name Isomalus tenuis FAUVEL, 1864: 41. Junior secondary homonym of Eleusis tenuis WALKER, 1859 Eleusis fauveli IRMLER, 2017: 282. Junior primary homonym of Eleusis fauveli FAGEL, 1957 New records: French Guiana: Maripassoula, Lawa River, under bark, 7.12.1963, leg. B. Malkin (FMNH); Maroni, male, leg. Moult (FMNH); Colombia: Putumayo, Santa Rosa de Sucumbios, Rio San Miguel, under bark of log, 400 m elev., female, 1.��� 7.9.1971, leg. B. Malkin (FMNH); Ecuador: Pastaza Prov., Cusuimi, Rio Cusuimi, 150 km SE Puyo, 300 m elev., 3 males, 6 females, 19.��� 23.7.1971, leg. B. Malkin (FMNH); Peru: Sivia, Flussbett, an alten Baumst��mmen, 520 m elev., female, 1956, leg. Sammelreise Hmbg. Museum (FMNH); Bolivia: Dept. Santa Cruz, Prov. Ichilo, ���Cafetal���, forest, under bark of log, female, 6.8.1990, leg. P. Parillo (FMNH). Remarks: A. Newton advised me of a mistake concerning E. fauveli IRMLER, 2017. This name is preoccupied by Eleusis fauveli FAGEL, 1957 from South Africa. Thus, a new name is needed for the South American species, which should be E. fauveliana., Published as part of Irmler, Ulrich, 2019, Additions to the Neotropical species of the genusEleusis LAPORTE, 1835 with description of new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Osorinae), pp. 71-77 in Beitr��ge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 69 (1) on page 72, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.69.1.071-077, http://zenodo.org/record/5212498, {"references":["FAUVEL, A. 1864: Etudes sur les staphylinides de l'Amerique centrale, principalement du Mexique. - Notices Entomologique 2: 3 - 62.","IRMLER, U. 2017: The Neotropical species of the genus Eleusis LAPORTE, 1835 with description of the new genus Eleusima (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae). - Contributions to Entomology 67: 275 - 318. - DOI: 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 67.2.275 - 318.","FAGEL, G. 1957: Contribution a la connaissance des Staphylinidae, XLVII. Notes sur quelques Eleusis ethiopienes. - Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Arfricains 56: 189 - 202."]}

Eleusis rufipennis IRMLER, 2017 Mexico: Oaxaca, 14 mi S Suchixtepec (16°05'N, 96°28'W), Hwy 175, montane tropical, 1700 m elev., under bark fermenting sap, male, 30.4.1977, leg. J.S. Ashe, #FMHD77- 399 (FMNH). Remarks to distribution: According to IRMLER (2017) only the two type specimens were known, which originated from Costa Rica. The new specimen from Mexico seems to be identical with these specimens concerning the aedeagus, size and coloration but differs slightly in the shape of the head. The head is slightly more elongate with longer postocular space. However, due to the overall infraspecific variability of the head shape in the genus, the specimen was identified as E. rufipennis IRMLER, 2017. Thus, the species seems to be rare but widely distributed from southern Central America to the tropical areas of Mexico., Published as part of Irmler, Ulrich, 2019, Additions to the Neotropical species of the genusEleusis LAPORTE, 1835 with description of new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Osorinae), pp. 71-77 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 69 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.69.1.071-077, http://zenodo.org/record/5212498, {"references":["IRMLER, U. 2017: The Neotropical species of the genus Eleusis LAPORTE, 1835 with description of the new genus Eleusima (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae). - Contributions to Entomology 67: 275 - 318. - DOI: 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 67.2.275 - 318."]}

Eleusis insignis SHARP, 1887 Guatemala: Yepocapa, Chimal. 4800 ft. elev., male, 27.4. 1948, leg. R.L. Wenzel (FMNH). Remarks to distribution: Like the few specimens listed before in IRMLER (2017), the new specimen of E. insignis SHARP, 1887 originated from Guatemala. Regarding the elevation level, the species lives in areas between 1500 m and 2500 m., Published as part of Irmler, Ulrich, 2019, Additions to the Neotropical species of the genusEleusis LAPORTE, 1835 with description of new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Osorinae), pp. 71-77 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 69 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.69.1.071-077, http://zenodo.org/record/5212498, {"references":["SHARP, D. 1887: Insecta. Coleoptera. vol. 1, pt. 2. - GODMAN, F. D. & SALVIN, O. (eds): Biologia Centrali-Americana: zoology, botany and archaeology. - Published for the editors by R. H. Porter, London: 870 pp. - DOI: 10.5962 / bhl. title. 730. - http: // www. biodiversity-library. org / item / 14601 page / 7 / mode / 1 up [accessed 2017 - 06 - 20].","IRMLER, U. 2017: The Neotropical species of the genus Eleusis LAPORTE, 1835 with description of the new genus Eleusima (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae). - Contributions to Entomology 67: 275 - 318. - DOI: 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 67.2.275 - 318."]}

Eleusis frater (FAUVEL, 1864) Ecuador: Napo, 44 km N Tena, female, 29.4.1978, leg. L. & C.W. O’Brien, & G.B. Marshall (FMNH); French Guiana: FG – Amazonia, Mitaraka (2°14.2'N, 54°27.1'W), male, 6.3.2015, leg. J. Schmidl (UIC). Remarks to distribution: Only few specimens are known from this species. Eleusis frater seems to be rare but has a wide distribution. The records cover a large area from French Guiana in the West to Ecuador and Peru in the East and from Venezuela in the North to Espiritu Santo, Brazil, in the South. Thus, the species seems to be distributed all over the lowland rain forest area from the Guianas and the entire Amazonian lowland rainforest up to the western Andean slope., Published as part of Irmler, Ulrich, 2019, Additions to the Neotropical species of the genusEleusis LAPORTE, 1835 with description of new species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Osorinae), pp. 71-77 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 69 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.69.1.071-077, http://zenodo.org/record/5212498, {"references":["FAUVEL, A. 1864: Etudes sur les staphylinides de l'Amerique centrale, principalement du Mexique. - Notices Entomologique 2: 3 - 62."]}

Tribe Brachyglutini Raffray, 1904b Subtribe Baradina O. Park, 1951 0172. Euphalepsus Reitter, 1883a: 378 Type species: Euphalepsus globipennis Reitter, 1883 Barada Raffray, 1891: 314 [synonymized by Chandler 2000: 171] Type species: Barada mucronata Raffray, 1891 Tetrasemus Jeannel, 1962b: 386 [synonymized by Chandler 2000: 171] Type species: Tetrasemus delamarei Jeannel, 1962 27 species are known from and are restricted to Central and South America. Characters/Description: Raffray 1904a: 13 (characters in key), 117 (characters in key as Barada); Raffray 1908a: 141 (characters in key), 183 (characters), 198 (characters in key as Barada), 255 (characters as Barada); O. Park 1942: 215 (characters in key), 123 (characters in key as Barada), 253 (characters); O. Park 1944: 248 (characters in key); Chandler 2002: 53 (characters in key). Key: Reitter 1883a: 380 (some species of Central and South America); Reitter 1888: 240 (some species of the genus); Raffray 1904a: 61 (species group); O. Park 1933: 566 (species of the genus); O. Park 1942: 253���256 (groups of species and species); O. Park 1944: 251 (Mexican species). Distribution. Central America: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama. South America: Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina. 0173. Phalespoides Raffray, 1890b: 116 Type species: Euphalepsus punctatissimus Reitter, 1888 Phalepsoides Raffray, 1904a: 104 [synonymized by Newton & Chandler 1989: 39] Type species: Euphalepsus punctatissimus Reitter, 1888 4 species are known from and are restricted to South America. Characters/Description: Raffray 1904a: 13 (characters in key as Phalepsoides); Raffray 1908a: 140 (characters in key as Phalepsoides), 184 (characters as Phalepsoides); O. Park 1942: 215 (characters in key as Phalepsoides), 259 (characters as Phalepsoides). Distribution. South America: Brazil., Published as part of Asenjo, Ang��lico, Irmler, Ulrich, Klimaszewski, Jan, Chandler, Donald S., Fierros-L��pez, Hugo Eduardo & Vieira, Juliana S., 2019, Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Latin America: synopsis, annotated catalog, diversity and distribution, pp. 1-406 in Zootaxa 4621 (1) on pages 56-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4621.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3257228, {"references":["Raffray, A. (1904 b) Genera et catalogue des Pselaphides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 72, 484 - 604. [Note: nominal year of publication 1903]","Park, O. (1951) Cavernicolous Pselaphid beetles of Alabama and Tennessee, with observations on the taxonomy of the family. Geological Survey of Alabama, Museum Paper, 31, 1 - 107.","Reitter, E. (1883 a) Neue Pselaphiden und Scydmaeniden aus Central- und Sudamerika. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich- Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 32, 371 - 386. [Note: nominal year of publication 1882]","Raffray, A. (1891) [1890] Voyage de M. E. Simon au Venezuela (Decembre 1887 - Avril 1888), 10 e memoire. Pselaphides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 6 (10), 297 - 330, pl. 6.","Chandler, D. S. (2000). New synonymies and combinations for New World Pselaphinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 125 (1 - 2), 163 - 183. [Note: nominal year of publication 1999]","Jeannel, R. (1962 b) Les Pselaphides de la Paleantarctide occidentale. In: Deboutteville, C. D. & Rapoport, E. (Eds.), Biologie de l'Amerique Australe. Vol. 1, Etudes sur la Faune du Sol. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, pp. 295 - 479.","Raffray, A. (1904 a) Genera et catalogue des Pselaphides [continued]. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 73, 1 - 400.","Raffray, A. (1908 a) Coleoptera. Fam. Pselaphidae, pp. 1 - 487, 9 pls. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. Fasc. 64. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles.","Park, O. (1942) A study in neotropical Pselaphidae. Northwestern University Studies in the Biological Sciences and Medicine, Number 1, 1, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago. x + 403 pp, 21 pls.","Park, O. (1944) New and little known Pselaphidae (Coleoptera) from Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, with keys to Mexican genera and species. Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, 7 (4), 227 - 267.","Chandler, D. S. (2002) 5. Subfamilia Pselaphinae Latreille, 1802. In: Navarrete-Heredia, J. L., Newton, A. F., Thayer, M. K., Ashe, J. S. & Chandler, D. S. (Eds.), Guia illustrada para los generos de Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) de Mexico [Illustrated guide to the genera of Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) of Mexico]. Universidad de Guadalajara & Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO). Mexico, pp. 49 - 102.","Reitter, E. (1888) Neue, von Herrn Lothar Hetschko um Blumenau in Sudlichen Brasilien gesammelt Pselaphiden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 32, 225 - 259.","Park, O. (1933) A new species of Pselaphidae from Costa Rica. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 26 (4), 563 - 567. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 26.4.563","Raffray, A. (1890 b) Etude sur les Pselaphides. V. Tableaux synoptiques. - Notes et synonymie. Revue d'Entomologie, 9, 81 - 172.","Newton, A. F. & Chandler, D. S. (1989) World catalog of the genera of Pselaphidae (Coleoptera). Fieldiana Zoology (New Series), 53, 1 - 93."]}

Tribe Trogastrini Jeannel, 1949 Subtribe Phtegnomina O. Park, 1951 0150. Phtegnomus Raffray, 1890b: 107 Type species: Phtegnomus oberthuri Raffray, 1890 3 species are known from and are restricted to South America. Characters/Description: Raffray 1904b: 588 (characters in key); Raffray 1908a: 115 (characters in key), 128 (characters); O. Park 1942: 68 (characters in key), 84 (characters). Key: O. Park 1952b: 87 (species of the genus). Distribution. South America: Venezuela, Brazil., Published as part of Asenjo, Ang��lico, Irmler, Ulrich, Klimaszewski, Jan, Chandler, Donald S., Fierros-L��pez, Hugo Eduardo & Vieira, Juliana S., 2019, Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Latin America: synopsis, annotated catalog, diversity and distribution, pp. 1-406 in Zootaxa 4621 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4621.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3257228, {"references":["Jeannel, R. (1949) Les Pselaphides de l'Afrique Orientale (Coleoptera). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (n. s.), 29, 1 - 226.","Park, O. (1951) Cavernicolous Pselaphid beetles of Alabama and Tennessee, with observations on the taxonomy of the family. Geological Survey of Alabama, Museum Paper, 31, 1 - 107.","Raffray, A. (1890 b) Etude sur les Pselaphides. V. Tableaux synoptiques. - Notes et synonymie. Revue d'Entomologie, 9, 81 - 172.","Raffray, A. (1904 b) Genera et catalogue des Pselaphides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 72, 484 - 604. [Note: nominal year of publication 1903]","Raffray, A. (1908 a) Coleoptera. Fam. Pselaphidae, pp. 1 - 487, 9 pls. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum. Fasc. 64. V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet, Bruxelles.","Park, O. (1942) A study in neotropical Pselaphidae. Northwestern University Studies in the Biological Sciences and Medicine, Number 1, 1, Northwestern University, Evanston and Chicago. x + 403 pp, 21 pls.","Park, O. (1952 b) A revisional study of Neotropical pselaphid beetles. Part Two. Tribe Euplectini sensu latiore. Chicago Academy of Sciences, Special Publication, 9 (2), 53 - 150."]}

Tribe Eleusinini Sharp, 1887a 0712. Eleusima Irmler Irmler, 2017b: 277 Type species: Eleusima platysoma Irmler, 2017 1 species is included in this genus from Central America. Characters/Description: Irmler 2017b: 277 (characters in key). Navarrete-Heredia et al., Brazil, Paraguay,: 278 (characters in key). Distribution. Central America: Mexico, Guatemala. Other regions: Nearctic. 0715. Zeoleusis Steel, 1950a: 215 Type species: Eleusis virgula Fauvel, 1889 2 species are included in this genus from South America. Characters/Description: Coiffait & S��iz 1968: 460 (characters in key), 462 (characters). Key: Coiffait & S��iz 1968: 462 (Chilean species). Distribution. South America: Chile. Other regions: Oriental, Oceanic, Australian., Published as part of Asenjo, Ang��lico, Irmler, Ulrich, Klimaszewski, Jan, Chandler, Donald S., Fierros-L��pez, Hugo Eduardo & Vieira, Juliana S., 2019, Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Latin America: synopsis, annotated catalog, diversity and distribution, pp. 1-406 in Zootaxa 4621 (1) on pages 206-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4621.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3257228, {"references":["Sharp, D. S. (1887 a) Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Staphylinidae. 1 (2), 673 - 802.","Irmler, U. (2017 b) The Neotropical species of the genus Eleusis Laporte, 1835 with description of the new genus Eleusima (Coleoptera: Staphylindae: Osoriinae). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 67 (2), 275 - 318. http: // doi. org / 10.21248 / contrib. entomol. 67.2.275 - 318","Laporte, F. L. (1835) Etudes Entomologiques, ou description d'insectes nouveaux, et observations sur la synonymie. Premiere Partie, Carnassiers. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris, pp. 95 - 159, 4 pls.","Fauvel, A. (1865) Etudes sur les Staphylinides de l'Amerique centrale, principalement du Mexique. Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne de Normandie, 9, 8 - 66, pl. 1. [Note: nominal year of publication 1863 - 1864]","Erichson, G. F. (1839 a) Genera et species staphylinorum insectorum coleopterorum familiae. F. H. Morin, Berlin. viii + 400 pp.","Erichson, G. F. (1840) Genera et species staphylinorum insectorum coleopterorum familiae. F. H. Morin, Berlin. pp. 401 - 954, pls. 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59644","Scheerpeltz, O. (1952 a) Revision der Gattung Piestus Gravh. (Coleoptera Staphyinidae). Revista Chilena de Entomologia, 2, 281 - 305.","Caron, E., Ribeiro-Costa, C. S. & Newton, A. F. (2012) Cladistic analysis and revision of Piestus Gravenhorst with remarks on related genera (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Piestinae). Invertebrate Systematics, 25 (6), 490 - 585. [Note: nominal year of publication 2011] https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / is 10016","Blackwelder, R. E. (1943) Monograph of the West-Indian beetles of the family Staphylinidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 182, viii + 658 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.182. i","Motschulsky, V. (1865) Un genre nouveau de staphylinites de l'Amerique septentrionale. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 38 (1), 583 - 584.","Hammond, P. M. (1970) Some problematic Motschulsky species of Staphylinidae (Col.). The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 106, 67 - 70.","Navarrete-Heredia, J. L., Newton, A. F., Thayer, M. K., Ashe, J. S. & Chandler, D. S. (2002) Guia ilustrada para los generos de Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) de Mexico. Universidad de Guadalajara y CONABIO, Mexico. xii + 401 pp.","Steel, W. O. (1950 a) Notes on Staphylinidae, chiefly from New Zealand. (2) A new genus and three new species of Eleusiini. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 78, 213 - 235.","Fauvel, A. (1889) Liste des Coleopteres communs a l'Europe et a l'Amerique du Nord d'apres le catalogue de M. J. Hamilton. Revue d'Entomologie, 8, 92 - 174.","Coiffait, H. & Saiz, F. (1968) Les Staphylinidae (sensu lato) du Chili. In: Deboutteville, C. & Rapoport, E. (Eds.), Biologie de L'Amerique Australe. Volume IV. Etudes sur la faune du sol. Documents Biogeographiques et Ecologiques. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, pp. 339 - 468."]}