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Joint study with the Union of Biodiversity Organizations on the marine invertebrates of Bigeumdo (Is.), Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do was conducted over 3 sessions between March and September of 2011. Compared to the 2nd National Natural Environment Survey of 2000 (Ministry of Environment), 28 new species, including 10 mollusk species, were additionally observed, for a total of 71 marine invertebrates species belonging to 43 families. A list of 117 species belonging to 58 families, which includes the 71 marine invertebrates species observed during the study and the 88 species reported in the 2nd National Natural Environment Survey, was used to create an inventory of marine invertebrates studied in Bigeumdo (Is.), Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do.

Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch), Accelerated by global warming, retreating glaciers leave behind spatially ordered moraines with underlying primary succession and disturbance. Current knowledge of primary succession comes mainly from studies of vegetation dynamics. Information about above-ground macroinvertebrates is still scarce. We used carabid beetles (Coleoptera; Carabidae) as indicator taxon to assess the effects of (1) terrain age (species turnover along the proglacial chronosequence) and (2) small-scale habitat architecture(vegetation cover, surface texture) on the carabid assembly. For this purpose, 33 sampling sites with pitfall traps were installed throughout the glacier foreland Morteratsch (Engadine, Switzerland), adjacent sparse forests serving as reference sites. With a total of 33 carabid species on the foreland and another 2 on the reference sites, the study area yielded a very high carabid species diversity compared to other glacier forelands. In general, the age of deglaciation proved to be a highly significant predictor for the carabid distribution, especially for particularly discriminant species. Observed species richness and activity densities showed bimodal patterns with a steep increase within the first ca. 40 years, a decline between around 40-90 years, and a further increase towards the terminal moraine. There was no evidence of dispersal-stochasticity: distinct clusters of sites with similar species composition were found. Microhabitat suitability proved to be a secondary effect, embedded in a temporal framework of primary succession. Surface cover with litter, herbs and dwarf-shrubs turned out to be the crucial habitat factors. Habitat loss as a result of climate warming will primarily affect cold-stenotopic carabids, but may potentially be absorbed by active selection for cooler microhabitats.

In Poland eleven stygobitic species have been found, whereas in Central Europe their number reached 23 species. Lumbriculidae are represented by 10 species, Enchytraeidae by seven, Naididae by three, whereas Dorydrilidae and Lumbricidae by two and singular species, respectively. Some species are known from Central Europe exclusively, but majority of them have wider distribution.

In Poland eleven stygobitic species have been found, whereas in Central Europe their number reached 23 species. Lumbriculidae are represented by 10 species, Enchytraeidae by seven, Naididae by three, whereas Dorydrilidae and Lumbricidae by two and singular species, respectively. Some species are known from Central Europe exclusively, but majority of them have wider distribution.

BackgroundBiogeographical and macroecological principles are derived from patterns of distribution in large organisms, whereas microscopic ones have often been considered uninteresting, because of their supposed wide distribution. Here, after reporting the results of an intensive faunistic survey of marine microscopic animals (meiofauna) in Northern Sardinia, we test for the effect of body size, dispersal ability, and habitat features on the patterns of distribution of several groups.Methodology/principal findingsAs a dataset we use the results of a workshop held at La Maddalena (Sardinia, Italy) in September 2010, aimed at studying selected taxa of soft-bodied meiofauna (Acoela, Annelida, Gastrotricha, Nemertodermatida, Platyhelminthes and Rotifera), in conjunction with data on the same taxa obtained during a previous workshop hosted at Tjärnö (Western Sweden) in September 2007. Using linear mixed effects models and model averaging while accounting for sampling bias and potential pseudoreplication, we found evidence that: (1) meiofaunal groups with more restricted distribution are the ones with low dispersal potential; (2) meiofaunal groups with higher probability of finding new species for science are the ones with low dispersal potential; (3) the proportion of the global species pool of each meiofaunal group present in each area at the regional scale is negatively related to body size, and positively related to their occurrence in the endobenthic habitat.Conclusion/significanceOur macroecological analysis of meiofauna, in the framework of the ubiquity hypothesis for microscopic organisms, indicates that not only body size but mostly dispersal ability and also occurrence in the endobenthic habitat are important correlates of diversity for these understudied animals, with different importance at different spatial scales. Furthermore, since the Western Mediterranean is one of the best-studied areas in the world, the large number of undescribed species (37%) highlights that the census of marine meiofauna is still very far from being complete.

In this research we evaluate the effects of the method used for estimating the potential surface available for benthic macroinvertebrates in macrophyte and unvegetated habitats on several metrics and habitat preference of aquatic macroinvertebrates in the upper catchment of the Henares River (Guadalajara, Central Spain). Three sampling sites were selected: a well-preserved stream (site A), a stream with no wood riparian vegetation (site B), and a straightened and deforested reach (site C). Two habitats were selected in each site: unvegetated habitat (i.e., substrata without macrophytes) and macrophyte habitat (i.e., substrata covered by macrophytes). In each habitat, six macroinvertebrate samples (including all macrophytes or mineral particles) were collected using a Hess sampler. Diversity and density of major families were referred to the surface of the Hess sampler (=Hess surface method) and to the actual surface of either mineral particles or macrophytes (=actual surface method). In general, for the actual surface method, biomass, richness, dominance, and diversity metrics were higher in the mineral habitat than in the macrophyte habitat. This trend was different for the Hess surface method. In general, densities turned out to be higher in the unvegetated habitat than in the macrophyte habitat when using the actual surface method, but the reverse occurred when using the Hess surface method. This fact is relevant for river biomonitoring, especially when reaches with different dominant substrates (macrophytes vs mineral) are compared using just one of the methods. It is concluded that the macrobenthic metrics and density values are influenced by the method used to estimate the potential available surface for aquatic macroinvertebrates.

Bu çalışma Türkiye'nin Doğu Karadeniz kıyılarının üst-infralittoral zonunda yer alan Cystoseira fasiesinin omurgasız faunasının dağılımını belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmalar Temmuz 2005?Nisan 2006 tarihleri arasında 5 istasyonda 0-3 m derinliklerde yürütülmüştür.Doğuda Artvin, Batıda Trabzon arasında kalan bölgeden 5 istasyondan 60 bentik örnek alınmıştır. Belirtilen bölgelerde örnekleme serbest dalış yöntemiyle kuadrat kullanarak yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma sonunda 4 phyluma ait 35 tür ve bunlara ait ortalama 6028 birey tespit edilmiştir. Bunlardan 18 tür Arthropoda'ya, 9 tür Annelida'ya,7 tür Mollusca'ya ve 1 tür Platyhelminthes'e aittir.Örneklerin kalitatif ve kantitatif analizleri sonucunda Arthropoda phylumu en fazla tür sayısına ve çeşitlilik indeks değerine, Platyhelminthes phylumu ise en az tür sayısına ve çeşitlilik indeks değerine sahiptir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Cystoseira, Doğu Karadeniz, Çeşitlilik İndeksi Distribution of İnvertebrate Fauna of Cystoseira barbata Facies along the Turkish Eastern Black Sea Coast on Upper Infralittoral ZoneThis study was conducted in order to determine fauna of invertebrate associated with Cystoseira facies which distributed along the Turkish Eastern Black Sea coast on upper Infralittoral zone. The study was carried out between July 2005 and April 2006 on five stations. Sampling was performed in 0-3 m depths.A total of 60 benthic samples from the 5 station between Artvin and Trabzon were collected by free diving. As a result, 4 phylum, 35 species and 6028 mean of individual were determined. In the investigated area, Arthropoda with 18 species ranked first order, Annelida with 9 species, Mollusca with 7 species and Platyhelmintes with one species consecutively.When evaluated in terms of qualitative and quantitative aspects, the examined samples revealed that Arthropoda had the most species and diversity index in the study area but Platyhelmintes had the lowest ones.Key Words: Cystoseira, the Eastern Black Sea, Invertebrate fauna

Invasive plants generally have fewer aboveground pathogens and viruses in their introduced range than in their natural range, and they also have fewer pathogens than do similar plant species native to the introduced range. However, although plant abundance is strongly controlled by root herbivores and soil pathogens, there is very little knowledge on how invasive plants escape from belowground enemies. We therefore investigated if the general pattern for aboveground pathogens also applies to root-feeding nematodes and used the natural foredune grass Ammophila arenariaas a model. In the late 1800s, the European A. arenariawas introduced into southeast Australia (Tasmania), New Zealand, South Africa, and the west coast of the USA to be used for sand stabilization. In most of these regions, it has become a threat to native vegetation, because its excessive capacity to stabilize wind-blown sand has changed the geomorphology of coastal dunes. In stable dunes of most introduced regions, A. arenaria is more abundant and persists longer than in stabilized dunes of the natural range. We collected soil and root samples and used additional literature data to quantify the taxon richness of root-feeding nematodes on A.?arenaria in its natural range and collected samples from the four major regions where it has been introduced. In most introduced regions A. arenaria did not have fewer root-feeding nematode taxa than the average number in its natural range, and native plant species did not have more nematode taxa than the introduced species. However, in the introduced range native plants had more feeding-specialist nematode taxa than A. arenaria and major feeding specialists (the sedentary endoparasitic cyst and root knot nematodes) were not found on A. arenaria in the southern hemisphere. We conclude that invasiveness of A. arenaria correlates with escape from feeding specialist nematodes, so that the pattern of escape from root-feeding nematodes is more alike escape from aboveground insect herbivores than escape from aboveground pathogens and viruses. In the natural range of A. arenaria, the number of specialist-feeding nematode taxa declines towards the margins. Growth experiments are needed to determine the relationship between nematode taxon diversity, abundance, and invasiveness of A. arenaria. [KEYWORDS: Ammophila arenaria ; Ammophila breviligulata ; biotic resistance hypothesis ; enemy escape hypothesis ; feeding specialist ; invasive plant ; root herbivore ; soil pathogen]

Bafa Gölünün makro ve meiobentik omurgasız faunasının tespit edilebilmesi amacıyla Ocak-Aralık 1997 tarihleri arasında gölde belirlenen 15 istasyonda mevsimsel arazi çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, 1 ’i Cnidaria, 1 ’i Bryozoa, 1 ’i Annelida, 3’ü Mollusca ve 11’i Arhropoda filumlarına dahil olmak üzere toplam 17 takson tespit edilmiştir. Bu taksonlardan, Haliplanella lineata Türkiye için, Cerastoderma edule, Cyprideis torosa, Aora spiricornis, Microdeutopus gryllotalpa ve Conopeum seurati ise Bafa Gölü için yeni kayıt niteliğindedir., With the aim of determining the macro and meiobenthic invertebrate fauna of lake Bafa, seasonal excursions were arranged 15 stations between January-December 1997. As a result of the study, 17 taxa were identified totally, of them to phylum Cnidaria, 1 to Bryozoa, 1 to Annelida, 3 belong to Mollusca and 11 o Arthropoda. Among them, Haliplanella lineata is new for Turkey in addition Cerastoderma edule, Cyprideis torosa, Aora spinicornis, Microdeutopus gryllotalpa and Conopeum seurati are new records for Lake Bafa.

Une population protegee d'ecrevisses a pattes blanches, Austropotamobius pallipes pallipes (Lereboullet), a ete etudiee entre 1995 et 1996. 1 511 ecrevisses ont ete collectees au cours de cette etude incluant des captures par nasse et a la main. 356 animaux excedaient la taille legale de capture -90 mm LT (Longueur Totale)-, representant 23,6% des captures. Les Captures Par Unite d'Effort (C.P.U.E.) sont comprises entre 1,2 en fevrier et 8,6 en octobre. Le sex ratio sur les captures est biaise en faveur des femelles (1:1,9). Les mâles sont dominants uniquement durant la periode froide ou la temperature de l'eau est inferieure a 10°C. La thelohaniose semble apparaitre de facon cyclique dans cette population avec de hauts taux d'ecrevisses infestees au cours des etes 1995 et 1996. Aucune ecrevisse infestee n'a ete trouvee entre janvier et mars. Les densites estimees sont comprises entre 4,4 et 2,2 adultes au metre carre. L'accouplement commence au milieu du mois de novembre ou la duree du jour est courte et ou la temperature de l'eau tombe en dessous de 10°C. Les femelles grainees ont une taille comprise entre 58,5 et 100,4 mm de LT. La moyenne du nombre d'oeufs pleopodaux baisse au cours de la periode d'incubation (moyenne = 55 oeufs par femelle en decembre a 30 oeufs en mai). Le maximum d'oeufs est de 85 pour une femelle (85 mm de LT) capturee en novembre. Au cours du debut du mois de mai, 40% des femelles echantillonnees ne portaient pas d'œuf. Tous ces resultats semblent montrer une surdensite d'ecrevisses dans cette population, des recommandations pour la reguler sont discutees.

This study was conducted to examine the benthic invertebrate fauna inhabiting in the subtidal zone in and around the islets of Namuseom and Bukhyeongjeseom off the coast of Busan by SCUBA diving in September 2013. As a consequence, it was confirmed that a total of 6 phyla, 14 classes, 20 orders, 46 families, and 73 species of zoobenthos inhabit in and around those islets. The total number of species surveyed by taxon during the study is 22 species of Arthropoda (30%), 20 species of Mollusca (27%), 15 species of Cnidaria (21%), 10 species of Echinodermata (14%), four species of Poridera (5%), and two species of Chordata.

Biological determinations of water quality have been increasingly used as a measure of water quality rather than chemical determinations. Aquatic invertebrates are very sensitive to changes in their habitat, whether these changes are physical or chemical. The biological method is often capable of detecting minute gradual changes that would escape notice by chemical methods. Chemical analysis of the water quality gives an accurate picture of the chemical pollutants that are present in the water at the particular moment that the sample was taken. However, if this is an isolated chemical analysis of this particular stream, the results may not represent normal conditions of the stream. The invertebrate fauna of a stream not only represents present chemical conditions but also changes in water quality that have occurred in the past. Once a biologist is familiar with a stream, minor changes of water quality are revealed to him by replacement of species by other closely related species or by the gradual disappearance of some species. An overnight chemical discharge may go unnoticed by the chemist but is strikingly apparent to the biologist by the sudden absence of some organisms. By working upstream until these organisms are found, he can pinpoint the position of the chemical overload. This could be monitored chemically only by a great number of tests if the discharge had been noticed in the first place.The studies outlined in this report are G.R.C.A.'s first attempt at detailed biological surveys. The areas chosen for study were picked to determine the effects of reservoirs on the downstream fauna and water quality.

This research was carried out to determine the invertebrate fauna associated with Cystoseira barbata facies distributed in the upper-infralittoral zone of the Southeastern Black Sea coasts and their bioecological features. The investigations were seasonally performed at depths of 0 to 3 m in 5 different stations chosen in the Southeastern Black Sea from July 2005 to May 2006. As a result of the study, a total of 6123 specimens belonging to 38 species and 4 taxonomic groups were identified. Arthropoda was the dominant group in terms of number of species (55.3% of the total of phylum) and number of individuals (83.9% of the number total individuals). With regard to frequency index, 14 species were defined as continious, 8 species of common and 16 species as rare. Idotea metallica is reported for the first time from the Black Sea coast of Turkey in the present study.Keywords: Seasonal changes, invertebrate fauna, Cystoseira barbata, Black Sea, Turkey