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In this paper, we will study a typical problem in inland container shipping, concerning the barge transportation of maritime containers between a dry port and a set of seaport terminals. The barges depart from the dry port and visit a set of sea terminals, where containers need either to be dropped off or picked up. The goal is to achieve economies of scale with barges and avoid trucking as much as possible. The decision thus involves finding the best allocation of containers to barges in order to guarantee on-time delivery and meet capacity restrictions. The problem will be modeled as a variant of the split vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickups and deliveries coupled with time features. The model includes parameters that can be tuned to improve barge utilization and travelling distance. A hybrid local search meta-heuristic algorithm, combined with a branch-and-cut solver, will be developed to solve the model. Numerical experiments have been conducted to test the performance of the algorithm and provide solution analysis for practical insights. Real-world data has been collected from a local barge operator based in the Port of Rotterdam region and will be used as input for the experiments. This will result in an in-depth analysis into current planning practices. The proposed framework complements existing models in the literature and contributes to the development of a comprehensive set of decision support tools, which help in the decision-making process for inland terminals.

Temporary low water levels can have a major impact on the loading capacity of inland ships, and as a consequence on the transport capacity of the overall waterborne supply chain. Insight in the capacity reducing effect of temporarily lowered water levels is important for the design and operation of robust transport chains on the one hand, and for the optimisation of fairway maintenance and long-term infrastructure development on the other. Knowledge on the effects of low water is clearly available at the level of individual ship owners, who adapt their transport operations to changing environmental circumstances, but less accessible at an aggregated level to assess the effects on the overall transport capacity of an inland waterway network. Based on a range of field observations and information collected from individual ships, this article introduces a general model to define the effect of low water constraints on the deadweight capacity and payload of inland ships, for which only the type, length, and beam of the vessel serve as input., European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, Vol 20 No 3 (2020)

The article presents the description of the transport logistics system for the carriage of goods on sea and inland waterways. The cargo line was calculated using sea and river transport routes and the calculation results were assessed. The coefficient of the circular voyage is given, which shows the need for the fleet in different types of vessels for the sea and inland water sections of the cargo line on condition that the vessels are equally loaded.

The paper continues the study of the same authors, who previously proposed a method of risk assessment in inland navigation. In the literature there is a gap in the research area of a risk management of transportation systems, especially: inland navigation. The authors carried out interdisciplinary research and presented the results related to the identification of risk factors present in the systems of inland navigation. The paper presents inland navigation risk analysis, conducted using the linguistic variables and the FMEA method, taking into account technical, economic and social aspects. The aim of the article is to present a procedure for the assessment of risk in inland waterways transport, and carry out risk analysis for transport companies. In paper the proposal of behavior scenarios, methods of preventing and minimizing effects of pointed risks are shown.

This paper analyses required personnel, training capacities and equipment for participation in the United Nations peacekeeping operations with the riverine elements. In order to meet necessary capabilities for engagement in United Nations peacekeeping operations, Serbian military riverine units have to be compatible with the issued UN requirements. Serbian Armed Forces have the potential to reach such requirements with the River Flotilla as a pivot for the participation in UN missions. Serbian Military Academy adopted and developed educational and training program in accordance with the provisions and recommendations of the IMO conventions and IMO model courses. Serbian Military Academy has opportunities for education and training military riverine units for participation in the United Nations peacekeeping operations. Moreover, Serbia has Multinational Operations Training Center and Peacekeeping Operations Center certified to provide selection, training, equipping and preparations of individuals and units to the United Nations multinational operations.

Reduction of fuel consumption is a permanent research goal in all kinds of transportation. Moreover, in the last decade marine transportation is strongly influenced by the new regulatory framework for marine pollution that motivates investigation of alternative powering options for ships, offering lower emissions and lifetime costs. This work analyses current regulations on ship emissions associated with long term emission reduction goals, mathematical models to evaluate ship energy efficiency as well as technical and operative measures to meet ever stricter requirements [1, 2]. Mathematical models for life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of ship emissions and life-cycle cost assessments (LCCAs) are applied for several ships operating in coastal waters and inland waterways that are powered by alternative fuels and with different power system configurations [3, 4]. Electrification of ships is recognized as a promising option to reduce both lifetime emissions and total lifetime costs. However, additional research efforts are needed to make energy storage (batteries) and conversion technologies cheaper and applicable to long-distance shipping.

The article concerns the problem of inland waterways transport of LNG. Its aim is to present the algorithm of conceptual design of inland barges for LNG transport, intended for exploitation on European waterways. The article describes the areas where LNG barges exist, depending on the allowable operating parameters on the waterways. It presents existing architectural and construction solutions of barges for inland LNG transport, as well as the necessary equipment, due to the nature of cargo. Then the article presents the procedure of the conceptual design of LNG barges, including navigation restrictions and functional and economic criteria. The conceptual design algorithm of LGN barges, presented in the article, allows to preliminary design calculations, on the basis of which, are obtained the main dimensions and parameters of unit, depending on the transport task and the class of inland waterways, on which the transport will be realized.

Maritime accidents have received considerable attentions due to the enormous property damage, casualties and serious environmental pollution. This paper first makes statistical analysis of the different types of maritime accidents in the period of 2012 to 2014 in the Yangtze River. Second, the problems of emergency management of maritime accidents are also proposed from the analysis of the major accident “Eastern Star”.. Afterwards, four practice cases, including decision support for maritime accidents, emergency resource allocation, emergency simulation system and effectiveness of emergency management, are introduced to present the insights gained from these practices. Last, in order to address these problems, this paper proposes that an artificial societies, Computational experiments, and Parallel execution (ACP) approach should be introduced to establish an improved management system for maritime accidents in the future, and an ACP based maritime accident emergency management framework is proposed.

Inland navigation and shipping is an important pillar of the European Transport System. To support the skipper during safety-critical operations, precise Position, Navigation and Time (PNT) data are required. This work discusses the role of PNT information for enabling inland waterways navigation assistance functions, such as bridge collision warning, mooring aiding or automatic guidance. A Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) technique is developed to provide integrity information alongside reliable and cm-level accurate PNT data. Besides, the transmission of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) correction data is investigated. Since Global System for Mobile (GSM) does not currently meet the availability and stability communication requirements along inland waterways, using the Automatic Identification System (AIS) for data transmission is explored. The proposed navigation solution and the communication developments were analysed in real time on challenging GNSS signal-degraded scenarios on the authorized inland waterway testbed. Despite the further developments required on the AIS communication infrastructure, it is shown that our system architecture can nearly meet the integrity and accuracy requirements for driver assistance functions on inland waterways.

The competitiveness of seaports is predominantly affected by factors external to the ports themselves, connected mainly with the quality of the hinterland and foreland infrastructure. Measures taken in these areas are reflected in the main objectives of the port strategies. Concurrently, the measures may have adverse environmental impacts (pollutant emissions, noise, land occupancy, etc.) and deteriorate the life quality of the port city&rsquo, s communities. Therefore, measures taken by seaport authorities to improve their competitiveness must also heed the idea of sustainable development (sustainable port strategy). The answer to this challenge is the idea of green ports, being an element of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies of seaports. One of the elements of this concept is promoting more environmentally friendly transport modes/transport chains in serving the hinterland as an alternative to road transport. Inland shipping is the most environmentally friendly and also cost-competitive mode of transport. Therefore, a modal shift from road to inland waterways is one of the elements of the European Union sustainable transport policy, as well as also gaining importance in the development policies of seaport authorities as an element of a green port strategy. However, this issue has been relatively rarely addressed in the seaport economics literature. In particular, there has been a lack of studies that would make it possible to answer the question of what kind of action should be taken by seaport authorities in order to increase the share of inland shipping in hinterland transport. This article aimed to develop a concept of a promotion policy to be applied by seaport authorities to increase the share of inland shipping in hinterland transport. The study used the elements of a multiple case study design method which included the following seaports: Antwerp, Rotterdam, Hamburg, and the Marseilles&ndash, Fos port complex. This article was dedicated to identifying, analyzing, and classifying the policies implemented by these European seaports to promote inland waterway transportation. The research showed that these actions were quite similar in terms of their scope. The actions were classified as external and internal initiatives. The most common external actions included initiatives that improved the quality of inland waterways and the quality of shipping connections with the hinterland. Internal initiatives focused on improving the port&rsquo, s infrastructure for barges and on implementing an appropriate information policy. The presented concept of a promotion policy can be a road map for all port authorities aiming to improve the quality of inland shipping as a mode of hinterland transport.

The PROMINENT project co-funded under the H2020 program aims to develop innovations in inland waterway transport. It focusses on several areas: a) the introduction of technologies to improve energy efficiency and to reduce pollutant emissions, b) certification and (on-board) monitoring and c) professional qualification. This publication focusses on the possibilities of digital solutions and on-board monitoring in order to evaluate the operational performance of vessels and to develop tools for the skipper for energy-efficient navigation. An on-board monitoring measures speed and location, fuel consumption, power distribution, NOx and CO2 emissions. This data is continuously sent to a central database for the evaluation and benchmarking. It can also be used to optimize the efficiency of the ship driveline. The digital solution for efficient navigation combines on-board monitoring with the information from river models in order to provide the skipper with up to date information on sailing speed, arrival time and fuel consumption on each trip.

Emissies van hoog intensieve binnenvaart op de Waal bij Nijmegen leiden tot duidelijke bijdragen aan de luchtverontreiniging met stikstofdioxide (NO2) in de directe omgeving van de vaarroute terwijl voor PM10 geen duidelijke bijdrage kan worden aangetoond. Op veel andere binnenvaart routes in Nederland is de scheepvaart minder intensief en daar wordt een substantieel geringe bijdrage voor NO2 verwacht. De resultaten van dit orienterende onderzoek hebben het inzicht in de bijdrage van binnenvaart op de directe omgeving van de vaarroute verder verbeterd. Hiermee kan een betere inschatting worden gemaakt van de bijdrage van scheepvaart op de NO2 concentraties in relatie tot andere bronnen van NO2 zoals wegverkeer. Om een vergelijking van de binnenvaart met het wegverkeer inzichtelijk te maken is de intensiteit berekend van een snelweg die een gelijke invloed op de lokale omgeving heeft als de scheepvaart op de Waal (4-5 microgram/m3 NO2 op 200-300 meter van het midden van der rivier). Deze komt overeen met een intensiteit van circa 100.000 voertuigen per etmaal. Het verloop van de concentraties op de oevers van de Waal laat duidelijk de passages van schepen zien en de piekconcentraties bereiken of overschrijden op sommige momenten de geurgrens van NO2. De bevindingen van dit onderzoek zijn in overeenstemming met eerder uitgevoerd modelonderzoek. Verder komt de verhouding van de verschillende stoffen (zoals zwaveldioxide en Zwarte Rook) in de emissie van binnenvaart schepen overeen met de gevonden bijdragen op de oevers van de Waal.

This article presents the potential of the port of Szczecin in terms of the possible use of inland waterways to handle and transport goods within the city of Szczecin. It proposes a new form of transport organization based on the original concept of the use of interim container terminals, arranged in a number of key points in the city with an adequate structure of the quays. The term interim container terminals is understood as undeveloped or developed paved yards at the quays with access to road and/or rail transport. These terminals would be supported by mobile equipment such as reachstacker vehicles or fixed cargo handling equipment. The use of this type of solution would enable the reduction or even complete elimination of freight transport handled by large-volume road transport.

The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is an important maritime safety device, which is populous in inland rivers. Compared with that in open sea, the Package Error Rate (PER) of AIS in inland river has increased sharply due to its complex environment. With the help of hardware in loop simulation, it is possible to make statistical calculation on the PER under a given field strength and describe the data by quadratic rational fraction. Meanwhile, in the three dimensional software environments, the signal field strength is able to be calculated by the ray tracking method, which exhausts all the possible propagation paths, including direct way, reflection, diffractions, and the other medium attenuation matters. Beyond that, in the model, the propagation geography information in inland rivers is required to be simplified in some way, or the computation of the ray tracking is too hard to get. The paper set the Changjiang Wuhan channel as the field testing region, and all the deviations are less than 5% in sunny weather, which proves the method accurate and effective.

The article presents results of research dedicated to the project of development of the logistics function in the river ports of the Lower Vistula River. Project has a strategic and complex character and aims to create an effective network of river logistics centres along the Lower Vistula River. The analysis includes the identification of investment tasks and the sources of their funding. The authors’ present original investment benefits and risks analysis that identifies the most important efficiency factors for the project. The article ends with conclusions and recommendations of a general nature to be addressed to other such large infrastructure projects. Bogusz Wisnicki

The topic of the diploma written assignment is "Transport of Dangerous Substances in the Czech Republic" and it was chosen for elaboration of the wholesome view on the road, train, ship and plane transportation of the hazardous materials and mixtures. These transportations represent a possible risk of damage to life, health, property or environment for the society. Hazardous materials and mixtures nowadays are being transported in large measures and there is an assumption in the future that the volume of the transported hazardous materials and mixtures will increase. For elaboration of this written assignment three hypothesis were given: a) Legal regulations of the European Union and the Czech Republic solve the problematic of the transportation of hazardous materials and mixtures well enough. b) The public has enough information about the transportation of the hazardous chemical substances or mixtures. c) People that work in the field of the transportation of hazardous materials or mixtures are well informed about the transportation of hazardous chemical substances or mixtures. For determining whether the legal regulations solve the problematic of the transportation of hazardous materials and mixtures well enough the literary sources which deal with this issue, legal regulations of the Czech Republic and the European Union and other international agreements were used. After working through these sources it was found out that the international, the EU and Czech legal regulations or agreements solve this issue well enough and emphasis is given on convergence of legal regulations of all transportations. Implementation of international agreements and legal regulations of the European Union into the legal regulations of the Czech Republic happens in the present time very fast and without failures. For figuring out the awareness of the public and awareness of the people working in the field of the transportation of hazardous materials and mixtures for the diploma written assignment on the topic of "The Transportation of Hazardous Materials and Mixtures on the Territory of the Czech Republic" there was a quantitative research made. The quantitative research was made with the help of handed out questionnaires. The public was represented by the employees of the Regional Municipalities of the Czech Republic. Both of the groups were given the same questionnaires. The results of the questionnaire research were evaluated, expressed in percentage and statistically assessed. For the statistical assessment the double selection T-test was used to find out whether the difference between the assessed groups is statistically important. People working in the transportation of hazardous substances and mixtures have sufficient information which was confirmed by the questionnaire research. By the made statistical assessment it was found out that the difference between the groups is statistically significant and so the public does not have sufficient information related to the transportation of hazardous substances and mixtures. Due to the results of the questionnaire research and mainly that the hypothesis b) - The public has enough information about the transportation of hazardous chemical substances or mixtures was not confirmed. In the conclusion of the written assignment there are a couple of suggestions for improvement of the awareness of the public. For example as a part of education at primary and high schools and training schools where this education is already running as a part of The Protection of Human during Incidents. This education has been going on since 2003. And that is why the older people in the public are not well met with this issue and they should be introduced to it by for example a media campaign by means of short TV spots on public television channels or by means of spots that already the Independent BESIP Department of the Ministry of Transportation makes up. These spots are called Besipky.

This study aims to quantify the impact of black carbon from inland shipping on air quality, expressed as elemental carbon (EC) near inland waterways in The Netherlands. Downwind measurements of particle numbers and EC were used to establish emission factors for EC from inland shipping using inverse modelling. These emission factors were combined with data on energy consumption to derive annual average emissions rates for all Dutch waterways. A line source model was applied to compute the contribution of inland shipping to annual average EC concentrations for around 140,000 people living within 200m of busy waterways in The Netherlands. The results showed that they are exposed to additional EC concentrations of up to 0.5μgEC per m3 depending on the shipping volume and distance from the waterway. In view of the envisaged growth in water transport, this underlines the need to reduce combustion emissions from inland shipping. Targeting "gross" polluters may be the most effective approach since 30% of ships cause more than 80% of the total emissions. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

Planning of transport through inland shipping is complex, highly dynamic and very specific. Existing software support is focusing on road transport planning and/or is merely a visual representation of shipments to be manually assigned to particular vessels. As a result inland shipment planning is time-consuming and highly relies on the personal skills of the planner. In this paper we present a business rules based model that aims to further support inland shipping organizations in their shipment planning by identifying the characteristics and constraints that are of interest and the related explicated business rules. The model is derived from transport-related literature, explorative expert interviews and transport management software vendors. The usability and applicability of the model is subsequently successfully empirically tested using identified performance measures through a case study at a major European inland shipping broker

Planning of transport through inland shipping is complex, highly dynamic and very specific. Existing software support is focusing on road transport planning and/or is merely a visual representation of shipments to be manually assigned to particular vessels. As a result inland shipment planning is time-consuming and highly relies on the personal skills of the planner. In this paper we present a business rules based model that aims to further support inland shipping organizations in their shipment planning by identifying the characteristics and constraints that are of interest and the related explicated business rules. The model is derived from transport-related literature, explorative expert interviews and transport management software vendors. The usability and applicability of the model is subsequently successfully empirically tested using identified performance measures through a case study at a major European inland shipping broker

Het aandeel van de zeescheepvaart en de binnenvaart in diverse emissies van verkeer en vervoer, en daarmee het belang van de scheepvaart voor het milieu, neemt de aankomende decennia toe, mede als gevolg van de daling van emissies door het wegverkeer. In de scheepvaart zijn reducties in emissies mogelijk. Dit rapport geeft een overzicht van die mogelijkheden. Het betreft maatregelen, gericht op brandstoffen (conventionele en alternatieve brandstoffen), op technieken (energiebesparingstechnieken, technieken die aangrijpen op het verbrandingsproces, 'end-of-pipe technieken', alternatieve motoren) en technisch-logistieke maatregelen. Van die maatregelen zijn zoveel mogelijk de kosten en effecten in kaart gebracht. Verder geeft het rapport een overzicht van de beleidsmatige opties om de emissies van de scheepvaart te reduceren. Het rapport toont aan dat emissiereducties in de scheepvaart op relatief kosten-effectieve wijze mogelijk zijn, maar het realiseren van die mogelijkheden zal zeker bij de zeescheepvaart, beleidsmatig complex zijn.

Het aandeel van de zeescheepvaart en de binnenvaart in diverse emissies van verkeer en vervoer, en daarmee het belang van de scheepvaart voor het milieu, neemt de aankomende decennia toe, mede als gevolg van de daling van emissies door het wegverkeer. In de scheepvaart zijn reducties in emissies mogelijk. Dit rapport geeft een overzicht van die mogelijkheden. Het betreft maatregelen, gericht op brandstoffen (conventionele en alternatieve brandstoffen), op technieken (energiebesparingstechnieken, technieken die aangrijpen op het verbrandingsproces, 'end-of-pipe technieken', alternatieve motoren) en technisch-logistieke maatregelen. Van die maatregelen zijn zoveel mogelijk de kosten en effecten in kaart gebracht. Verder geeft het rapport een overzicht van de beleidsmatige opties om de emissies van de scheepvaart te reduceren. Het rapport toont aan dat emissiereducties in de scheepvaart op relatief kosten-effectieve wijze mogelijk zijn, maar het realiseren van die mogelijkheden zal zeker bij de zeescheepvaart, beleidsmatig complex zijn.

Dit rapport gaat in op de volume- en ruimtelijke ontwikkelingen in de binnenvaart en de zeescheepvaart. Gebruik is gemaakt van bestaande bronnen (data, literatuur, modelsimulaties). Het geeft de consequenties voor de bestaande RIVM-modellen aan. Uit de studie blijkt dat het vervoerde tonnage van de binnenvaart en de zeescheepvaart de aankomende decennia zal toenemen. Daarbij zal er een verschuiving optreden van bulkgoederen naar containers. Door een verschuiving naar grotere schepen neemt het aantal scheepvaartbewegingen minder toe dan het tonnage. Verder blijkt dat door veranderingen in de te vervoeren goederen er een voortgaande trend is naar concentratie van de binnenvaart op de hoofdvaarwegen c.q., maar dat door de landinwaartse verschuiving van havenfaciliteiten en het ontstaan van zogenoemde inlandterminals het gebruik van secundaire vaarwegen zal toenemen. Voor de zeescheepvaart treedt een relatieve verschuiving op naar het zuidelijk deel van het zogenoemde Continentale Plat. Het aandeel van de Rotterdamse haven binnen het totale Nederlandse zeescheepvaartverkeer zal naar verwachting toenemen. Door een verschuiving van de Rotterdamse havenfaciliteiten richting open zee zal de hoeveelheid landinwaartse scheepvaartbewegingen afnemen.

These works aim at doing a state of the art of the methods for the assessment and inventory of the pollutant emissions from the non-road transport modes (air transport, rail transport, maritime and inland transport). This study includes a description of the transport modes, of the pollutants and their environmental effects. A state of art of the emission calculation methods is conducted, as well as the analysis of their implementation in the case of France. Large discrepancies can be observed between different estimations. After this state of the art and practices, we examine how pertinent methods can be implemented for France. Proposals of approaches are thus elaborated based on the current methods and the French data, as well as on prospective assumptions.; Ces travaux visent à faire un état de l'art des méthodes d'estimation et d'inventaire des émissions de polluants des transports non routiers (aérien, ferroviaire, maritime et fluvial), et à envisager les conditions de leur application aux calculs d'émissions pour la France. On décrit succinctement les secteurs de transports non routiers et décline les polluants qu'ils émettent. On entreprend ensuite un état de l'art des principales méthodes de calcul des émissions, applicables à des échelles macroscopiques ou nationales, en identifiant les avantages et les inconÎnients de ces méthodes. On s'intéresse ensuite aux applications françaises de ces méthodes, et notamment les calculs d'inventaires nationaux effectués par le CITEPA. De larges écarts peuvent être obserÎs entre différents travaux qui tiennent sans doute principalement à la constitution des hypothèses de trafic et activités. Après cet état des lieux, on examine comment les méthodes les plus pertinentes pourraient être appliquées au cas français. Sans toutefois réaliser complètement cette mise en oeuvre, compte tenu de la difficulté d'accès aux données de trafic et de la complexité des approches et d'élaboration des hypothèses, des propositions d'approches sont testées sur la base des méthodes et des données françaises.

As a consequence of the large number of casualties in traffic accidents a high costs appear. These costs are estimated in the Republic of Croatia at approximately 2 % of GDP. The most of the traffic accidents occur on roads where, in Croatia, more than 600 people die annually. Simultaneosly, in the European Union the figure is 35000 people.According to statistical data young drivers aged between twenty and thirty years are most often victims of traffic accidents. In order to prevent the suffering caused by the traffic accidents it is necessary to pre-locate and identity potential jeopardy. In the European Union the annual cost incurred as a result of injuries in traffic accidents amounts to 160 billion Euros. The European Commission, therefore, points to the need to reduce external costs caused by traffic and suggests that the freight transport should focus on forms other than roads. Diverting traffic from the roads to inland shipping would reduce the percentage of traffic accidents and casualties. Inland shipping is transport sectors with the greatest development potential because of the safety features and the least negative impact on the environment. The comparative advantage of inland shipping is the fact that it occurs on the existing natural waterways that do not require construction, but only maintenance. To achieve safe inland shipping in Croatia, it is necessray to create conditions such as: construction and modernization of existing waterways, signification of dangerous spots, inland shipping fleet modernization, navigation signals planning, use of inland shipping IT network and international data exchange in oreder to establish full control over navigation. The development and usage of new technological solutions and intelligent transportation systems in the inland shipping would enable conditions for smooth and safe shipping in all weateher conditions without the limitations and bottlenecks with minimal risk of casualties in traffic accidents. Due to these features, inland shipping has become an essential aspect of the safest mode of transportation, linking the different transport sectors in the intermodal transportatio systems.

The paper presents a concept of transport corridors for oversize cargo transport in the Southern Baltic Sea Region. The paper presents a methodology for designation of oversize transport corridors and place of inland shipping in oversize cargo service. Bogusz Wisnicki