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We studied the factors that influence university knowledge commercialization through university Technology Transfer Office (TTO). We analyzed the resources associated with commercialization performance as measured by patenting, licensing, and spin-off activities in a sample of 124 Australian, European and US universities. Our analysis suggests that high levels of commercialization output are positively associated with the commercial resources of a university, the TTO age, the stock of technology, whether it is private or public university, TTO's director background and the presence of a business incubator and science park. The most significant finding in this study is the difference between Australian, European and US universities with respect to the resources associated with high commercialization output. An interesting finding is that no relationship is found between an entrepreneurial university culture and the success of commercialization initiatives.

Based on content analyses of 653 articles published between 2004 and 2008 in five key journals in the IS field, we demonstrate that the IS discipline exhibits data poverty characteristics as evident by the prevailing data sharing and reuse practices. As a result, the scope and scale of IS research is inhibited and the likelihood of generating far-reaching salient results is low. Finally, we discuss the implications to the IS discipline and draw recommendations for shifting the related practices from a vicious circle of data poverty to a virtuous circle of data richness.

Diverse interne en externe factoren bepalen hoe informatie wordt ingezet om de bedrijfsdoelstellingen te realiseren. De informatiemanager moet kunnen omgaan met deze veelheid aan factoren. De auteurs beschrijven hoe de informatiemanager optimale toegevoegde waarde van ICT kan realiseren voor de business.

Analyzing generative group activities against the backdrop of an increasingly connected world, this theory development paper introduces the concept of "generative collectives" as a new framework for classifying internet-based collectives and a novel theoretical lens for explaining why some internet-based groups are more generative than others. Generative collectives are groups of people with shared interests or goals who mutually engage in rejuvenating, reconfiguring, reframing and revolutionizing acts. We submit that any type of collective has the capacity to be generative; however, some collectives are more generative than others. We explore two core structural dimensions of generative collectives and provide a framework for classifying these collectives and their respective levels of entropy as a proxy for their collective generative capacity. Subsequently, we derive and illustrate four archetypes of generative collectives, which can help account for the varying levels of generativity in different groups. Finally, implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Given the pervasiveness of collaborative systems in contemporary organizations and society, this paper aims to present several quality characteristics of collaborative systems in order to reveal the social and technological requirements that need to be met in order for such systems to provide the desired results. Furthermore, this paper defines a set of metrics for assessing the performance of collaborative systems and we propose several means for increasing their quality characteristics in use.

Die Methodik der sozialen Netzwerkanalyse (SNA) ist auf die quantitative Untersuchung von strukturellen Mustern in Graphen ausgerichtet. Die Analyse arbeitet gegenwärtig meist mit Daten aus einer einmaligen und kumulierten Erhebung der Netzwerkstruktur zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt. Diese Herangehensweise erfordert, dass dieser eine Graph des finalen Zustands repräsentativ für die Gesamtentwicklung des Netzwerks ist. Diese Annahme ist jedoch nicht immer korrekt und vereinfacht die zugrunde liegende, nicht beobachtete, Dynamik stark. Gerade für die Untersuchung von Veränderungen sind daher explizitere Verfahren der sog. dynamischen Netzwerkanalyse erforderlich.

Human trafficking and forced prostitution are a serious problem for the Amsterdam-Amstelland police (the Netherlands). In this paper, we present a method based on Temporal Concept Analysis for detecting and profiling human trafficking suspects. Using traditional Formal Concept Analysis, we first build a lattice with early warning indicators to find persons who are potentially involved in human trafficking. These persons are then subjected to an in-depth investigation and we use Temporal Concept Analysis for constructing visual profiles of these suspects. Finally, the evolution of the social network surrounding these persons is visually analyzed using Temporal Concept Analysis.

In this volume of Advances in Appreciative Inquiry, leading scholars from the fields of management, organization development, information technology, and education come together to chart new directions in Appreciative Inquiry theory and research as well as new intervention practices and opportunities for design in organizations. While diverse in topic and discipline, each of the following original chapters treats the reader to a view of Appreciative Inquiry's revolutionary way of approaching familiar questions of management, organization design, and sustainability.

Entrepreneurs are embedded in multiple networks, from which they seek opportunities and resources to start-up businesses. Adopting a network perspective to study entrepreneurship may contribute to our understanding of why some entrepreneurs succeed while others fail. However, as most social network analysis data is self-reported data rather than behavioural data (Eagle and Pentland, 2009) and, much of the research is static and concerned with temporal mapping of the networks, the empirical study of entrepreneurial network dynamics has been limited by a lack of longitudinal data and process oriented data. Therefore, it neither addresses the emergence and dynamics of the network over time nor the link to entrepreneurial performance. Mobile phone networks provide new insights into the structure and dynamics of entrepreneurial networks given that mobile phones represent one of the most important ways for entrepreneurs to interact with other contacts (Candia et al., 2007). It is possible for us to analyse entrepreneurs’ behavioural and longitudinal data by collecting records saved inside mobile phones, particularly smart-phones. These devices support automatic data collection hence the study of social networks.

Much of the strategic innovation in service industries can be understood in the context of the shifting boundaries between companies and between firms and their customers. We identify three phases of innovation in modern service industries. All three enabled and triggered by advancements in information technology. The current phase of Service Innovation 3.0 is characterized by open networks between firms and between firms and customers. The paper ends by highlighting a number of dilemmas linked to the challenges of managing service innovation successfully in a world of shifting boundaries and exploding service systems.

Sustainable innovation is about creating social, environmental, and economic value for all stakeholders involved. In this paper we propose the sustainable innovation lens as an extension of the prevailing discourses on Green IT/IS. The sustainable innovation lens goes beyond the environmental facet of sustainability—which is the main focus of Green IT/IS—and offers a three-fold approach that encompasses social, environmental and economic dimensions of sustainability. Moreover, sustainable innovation provides a potent proactive approach to IT/IS development and management by focusing on creating positive solutions to environmental and social challenges rather than on reducing and managing IT footprint. Building on a longitudinal study of Hewlett-Packard, we demonstrate how a company can widen its perspective from Green IT to sustainable innovation, and then illustrate how the latter has a greater potential for change and innovation.

One of the first steps in a software engineering process is the elaboration of the conceptual domain model. In this paper, we investigate how Formal Concept Analysis can be used to formally underpin the construction of a conceptual domain model. In particular, we demonstrate that intuitive verification rules for process-data matrices can be formally grounded in FCA theory. As a case study, we show that the well-formedness rules from MERODE are isomorphic to the clustering rules in Formal Concept Analysis, and that the relationships in the class diagram are isomorphic to the subconcept-superconcept relationship in FCA.

In deze dissertatie wordt het begrip informatie-infrastructuur verkend en uitgediept. Met name worden die structurele eigenschappen van de informatievoorziening onderzocht die blijvend op de kwaliteit en flexibiliteit van invloed zijn, zoals de titel ‘de informatie-infrastructuur waarborg voor de kwalitijd van de informatievoorziening’ aangeeft.

In this paper we propose a human-centered process for knowledge discovery from unstructured text that makes use of Formal Concept Analysis and Emergent Self Organizing Maps. The knowledge discovery process is conceptualized and interpreted as successive iterations through the Concept-Knowledge (C-K) theory design square. To illustrate its effectiveness, we report on a real-life case study of using the process at the Amsterdam-Amstelland police in the Netherlands aimed at distilling concepts to identify domestic violence from the unstructured text in actual police reports. The case study allows us to show how the process was not only able to uncover the nature of a phenomenon such as domestic violence, but also enabled analysts to identify many types of anomalies in the practice of policing. We will illustrate how the insights obtained from this exercise resulted in major improvements in the management of domestic violence cases. ispartof: Intelligent Systems in Accounting, Finance & Management vol:17 issue:3 pages:167-191 status: published

Enterprise and Solution Architecture are key in today’s business environment. It is surprising that the foundation and business case for these activities are nonexistent; the financial value for the business of these activities is largely undetermined. To determine business value of enterprise and solution architecture, this thesis shows how to measure and quantify, in business terms, the value of enterprise architecture-based on business transformation and the value of solution architecture.

Analyzing how collective action leading to mass innovation emerges against the backdrop of an increasingly connected world, we introduce the concept of collective generativity as a new theoretical lens for understanding the ability of distributed communities to engage collectively in bottom-up processes of creation and innovation. Applying this lens allows us to understand how collective generativity emerges and evolves and how to design systems and spaces that evoke and enhance this communal generative capacity. In this paper, we explore the underpinnings of collective generativity: connectivity, distributed cognition, collective action and mass innovation. Jointly, these theoretical insights are used to derive a set of design principles for the development of co-generative systems, which are conducive to mass collective action and innovation. Finally, we demonstrate our thesis with an illustrative vignette of collective generativity and conclude with several implications for future research.

The theory and especially the practice of IT architecture have been developed quite vigorously the last years. However, hardly any quantitative data about the value of IT architecture is available. This paper presents the results of a study, which measures the value of IT solution architecture for software development projects. The study identifies ten architecture-related project-variables and correlates these with eight project success variables. Statistical analysis of 49 IT projects shows that the use of solution architecture is correlated with decreased budget and time overrun, increased reliability of project planning and increased customer satisfaction. The results of the study indicate that IT usage of solution architecture for custom software development projects leads to better project results. Also the limitations of the study are discussed.

The advent of the Internet and the subsequent adoption of Open Access schemata are changing the nature of the scholarly discourse. In response, we seek to stimulate a debate about the role and desired forms of Open Access publishing in the context of the Information System (IS) discipline. We explore the potential contribution of an Open Access perspective on publishing IS-related research and also discuss the roles of traditional journals and their prospects in the contexts of our observations. In particular, we focus on the new possibilities of publishing work-in-progress and its potential benefit for knowledge dissemination including the prospects of turning today's limited scholarly exchange into mass collaboration. We illustrate our vision with a working prototype of an Open Access disciplinary repository entitled Sprouts (http://sprouts.aisnet.org). Our aim is to inspire new thinking about the role of Open Access publishing, the potential of its application to disciplinary repositories of emergent work, its anticipated repercussions on our work practices, and its long-term implication for the impact of IS scholarship and the well-being of our community at large. We call for participation and further action in realizing a global repository of IS research in progress. This paper builds on a panel on Open Access that was presented at the 2008 International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), held in Paris, France, in December 2008.

Topographic maps are an appealing exploratory instrument for discovering new knowledge from databases. During the past years, new types of Self Organizing Maps (SOM) were introduced in the literature, including the recent Emergent SOM. The ESOM is used to study a large set of police reports describing a whole range of violent incidents that occurred during the year 2007 in the police region Amsterdam-Amstelland (the Netherlands). It is demonstrated that it provides an exploratory search instrument for examining unstructured text in police reports. First, it is shown how the ESOM was used to discover a whole range of new features that better distinguish domestic from non-domestic violence cases. Then, it is demonstrated how this resulted in a significant improvement in classification accuracy. Finally, the ESOM is showcased as a powerful instrument for the domain expert interested in an indepth investigation of the nature and scope of domestic violence. ispartof: pages:126-136 ispartof: 2009 WRI World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering, CSIE 2009 vol:4 pages:126-136 ispartof: World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering (CSIE) location:Los Angeles (USA) date:31 Mar - 2 Apr 2009 status: accepted

Idea work is the process of engaging with ideas in everyday work within task-driven contexts. Anyone who creates, modifies, and uses ideas in the context of everyday work is engaged with idea work. In this paper, we aim to draw attention to how idea work can be used as a fundamental lens to understanding creativity and innovation in organizations. We propose shifting focus from knowledge work to idea work, building on the observation that idea work 1) is distributed across people, artifacts, and environment; 2) is enacted through discursive practices; 3) entails a practical and meaningful engagement with the world; and 4) draws upon and results in embodied artifacts. Backed by a set of action-oriented illustrations of idea work in organizational context, these underpinnings provide insights concerning how creativity and innovation emerge from social interactions between situated people who are collaboratively engaged with embodied artifacts and information systems in the context of everyday work.

Topographic maps are an appealing exploratory instrument for discovering new knowledge from databases. During the recent years, several variations on the Self Organizing Maps (SOM) were introduced in the literature. In this paper, the toroidal Emergent SOM tool and the spherical SOM are used to analyze a text corpus consisting of police reports of all violent incidents that occurred during the first quarter of 2006 in the police region Amsterdam-Amstelland (The Netherlands). It is demonstrated that spherical topographic maps provide a powerful instrument for analyzing this dataset. In addition, the performance of the toroidal Emergent SOM is compared to that of the spherical SOM, and it turned out to be superior to that of an ordinary classifier, applied directly to the data. ispartof: pages:246-254 ispartof: Advances in self-organizing maps, Proceedings vol:5629 pages:246-254 ispartof: 7th International Workshop on Self-Organizing Maps (WSOM) location:St. Augustine, Florida (USA) date:8 Jun - 10 Jun 2009 status: published

In this paper we attempt to break down the barrier of choosing a supportive technology for learning. We try to simplify the process by reducing it to a set of elementary steps. A perfect fit is difficult to achieve, in part due to the multitude of subjective interpretations. Having an in depth understanding in the different elements involved in choosing a appropriate technology, will make the decision process easier. We propose to evaluate both the technologies and courses on basis of a rating on characteristics. This forms the basis for the matching. The closer the match, the more likely the technology will be appropriate.

De wereld is veranderd en ook de manier waarop met kennis en informatie wordt omgegaan. Vele instellingen op het gebied van (documentaire) informatie zullen zichzelf moeten gaan heruitvinden om hun positie te behouden of te versterken. Prof. dr. ir. Rik Maes, hoogleraar Informatie- en communicatiemanagement aan de Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfskunde van de Universiteit van Amsterdam, geeft zijn visie. Gezocht: een nieuwe identiteit voor de informatiedienstverlening.

The exploration of new opportunities and the exploitation of existing competencies represent two competing logics for innovation and change within organizations. IS projects seeking to foster innovation need to balance these forces, and recognize the distinct role that each plays. Through its essential role in generating a design space between existing problems and design options, the requirements phase of a development project represents a domain where exploration and exploitation need to be integrated. Based on a field study involving interviews with 39 IT professionals managing large and complex development initiatives, we analyze the degree to which prevailing requirements practices incorporate the logics of exploration and exploitation. Our findings focus on key challenges faced by project teams in failing to engage exploration as a necessary element in requirements practice. In addition, we offer several recommendations to enhance the pursuit of organizational innovation by supporting both exploration and exploitation. Keywords: Requirements analysis, exploration, exploitation, innovation, IS project success, design practice

Informatie is vluchtig en wisselend, en niet meer standaard en gemiddeld. Maar hoe ga je daarmee om? Door deze ontwikkelingen te vertalen naar de organisaties, stelt hoogleraar Rik Maes. Dus niet meer beheersen, maar het onverwachte verwelkomen.

In this paper, we propose a framework for iterative knowledge discovery from unstructured text using Formal Concept Analysis and Emergent Self Organizing Maps. We apply the framework to a real life case study using data from the Amsterdam-Amstelland police. The case zooms in on the problem of distilling concepts for domestic violence from the unstructured text in police reports. Our human-centered framework facilitates the exploration of the data and allows for an efficient incorporation of prior expert knowledge to steer the discovery process. This exploration resulted in the discovery of faulty case labellings, common classification errors made by police officers, confusing situations, missing values in police reports, etc. The framework was also used for iteratively expanding a domain-specific thesaurus. Furthermore, we showed how the presented method was used to develop a highly accurate and comprehensible classification model that automatically assigns a domestic or non-domestic violence label to police reports. Best Paper Award ispartof: pages:246-260 ispartof: Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence vol:5633 LNAI pages:246-260 ispartof: Industrial conference on data mining ICDM 2009 location:Leipzig (Germany) date:20 Jul - 22 Jul 2009 status: published

Over 90% of the case data from police inquiries is stored as unstructured text in police databases. We use the combination of Formal Concept Analysis and Emergent Self Organizing Maps for exploring a dataset of unstructured police reports out of the Amsterdam-Amstelland police region in the Netherlands. In this paper, we specifically aim at making the reader familiar with how we used these two tools for browsing the dataset and how we discovered useful patterns for labelling cases as domestic or as non-domestic violence.

Information governance as an approach to better govern the use of information within and outside an organization is rapidly gaining popularity. A common and scientific ground for this approach has not yet been formulated. In this report the authors describe a unific definition for information governance, extending the common, one-dimensional approach into a more generic statement. Starting from the wellknown principles of IT-governance the authors further explore the aspects of both information and governance. Five hypotheses are proposed to give ground to the use of information governance. These hypotheses will be basis for further research.

Background Healthcare institutions spend enormous time and effort to train their workforce. Web-based training can potentially streamline this process. However the deployment of web-based training in a large-scale setting with a diverse healthcare workforce has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction of healthcare professionals with web-based training and to determine the predictors of such satisfaction including age, education status and computer proficiency. Methods Observational, cross-sectional survey of healthcare professionals from six hospital systems in an integrated delivery network. We measured overall satisfaction to web-based training and response to survey items measuring Website Usability, Course Usefulness, Instructional Design Effectiveness, Computer Proficiency and Self-learning Attitude. Results A total of 17,891 healthcare professionals completed the web-based training on HIPAA Privacy Rule; and of these, 13,537 completed the survey (response rate 75.6%). Overall course satisfaction was good (median, 4; scale, 1 to 5) with more than 75% of the respondents satisfied with the training (rating 4 or 5) and 65% preferring web-based training over traditional instructor-led training (rating 4 or 5). Multivariable ordinal regression revealed 3 key predictors of satisfaction with web-based training: Instructional Design Effectiveness, Website Usability and Course Usefulness. Demographic predictors such as gender, age and education did not have an effect on satisfaction. Conclusion The study shows that web-based training when tailored to learners' background, is perceived as a satisfactory mode of learning by an interdisciplinary group of healthcare professionals, irrespective of age, education level or prior computer experience. Future studies should aim to measure the long-term outcomes of web-based training.

Informatiemanagement wordt zowel in de literatuur als in de praktijk overheerst door denken in termen van "strategic business-ICT alignment", een automatiseringsversie van de maakbare organisatie. We vervangen deze mythische visie door een van verbondenheid, maar constateren dat de praktijk van informatiemanagement ook dan nog veel te wensen over laat en met name niet uitnodigt tot innovatief handelen. Daarom herdefiniëren we informatiemanagement als de evenwichtskunde tussen "inform- eren" en "in-spir-eren", vorm- en betekenisgeving. Tegelijk wijzen we met enkele voorbeelden op het belang van een aangepaste taal, die tegelijk afstand neemt van de abstracte taal van de beleidsmaker en de van technologie doordrongen taal van de ICT-er.

Het ontwikkelen van nieuwe applicaties is één van de hoofdactiviteiten binnen de ICT afdeling van het bank- en verzekeringsbedrijf KBC. Terecht vraagt dit bedrijf zich af in hoeverre het ontwikkelen van nieuwe applicaties voldoende waarde oplevert, gegeven de geïnvesteerde tijd en middelen. Om een antwoord te geven op de vraag 'hoe productief is ICT-ontwikkeling binnen ons bedrijf?' werd voor applicatieve ontwikkelingen op het belangrijkste mainframeplatform een meetomgeving opgezet gebruik makend van het COCOMO II-model. Met deze meetomgeving wil KBC haar productiviteit in kaart brengen en zichzelf positioneren ten opzichte van andere bedrijven. Maar ook, en misschien wel belangrijker, wil men detecteren op welke plaatsen in het ontwikkelingsproces productiviteitsverbetering mogelijk is.

The dominant interpretation of the function and role of the CIO is technology-related with business-ICT alignment as a core concept. We criticize this vision as a product of the dominant interpretive scheme and show how the logic of this scheme restricts the worldview of CIO’s and researchers. To overcome these restrictions, we adopt an alternative interpretive scheme based on our twenty years of experience with collaboration with information managers. This scheme is essentially generative and synthetic. We define the function and role of the CIO as the orchestrator of the information-related activities of the organization. To be successful, the CIO should further maintain equilibrium between inspiring and innovating the organization and informing and architecturing it. Finally, we argue for the use of a new language that can involve all stakeholders in these activities to make them enthusiastic participants. Based on this new view, the CIO can emanate information leadership.

Outsourcing projects are far more strategically-inclined in today's post-industrial knowledge economy than in the past decades. This leads to a tight inter-reliance between the client and vendor - inevitably requiring that they be constantly aware of each other's knowledge needs and requirements. However, the wide research gap between theory and practice is due to the high complexity and hence lack of established theories in this field. To contribute to filling this gap, a case study is conducted at a leading Dutch organization which reveals the significance of knowledge issues in outsourcing arrangements. Knowledge sharing occurs across hard system platforms and structures (e.g. an IT-based KMS) and soft systems (i.e. human-centric mediums). Knowledge that is shared across hard systems is codified and can be readily diffused. Complexities that emerge are resolvable, e.g. through technical support. Knowledge that is shared across soft systems is tacit in nature and remains largely unstructured. Complexities arising are fuzzy, wicked issues that appear unwieldy due to the high degree of latency involved. To understand this phenomenon, Boisot's Information Space model (1998) which explains knowledge diffusion at different levels of codification and abstraction, is extended to the case of outsourcing to explain the underlying dynamics involved in knowledge sharing that impact outsourcing performance. The study provides sufficient ammunition to enunciate that effective knowledge sharing i.e. across both hard and soft systems, is necessary to enhance outsourcing performance. Further, striking the right balance between what to hoard and what to share is also of utmost significance for outsourcing organizations. This research will be extended to investigate how effective knowledge sharing further plays a pivotal role in inter-organizational learning for outsourcing organizations and how this leads to higher innovation and long-term sustainable benefits.

Topographic maps are an appealing exploratory instrument for discovering new knowledge from databases. During the past years, new types of Self Organizing Maps (SOM) were introduced in the literature. In this paper, a recent Emergent SOM tool and a recent spherical SOM tool are used to study an interesting dataset. The dataset consists of a set of police reports describing all violent incidents that occurred during the first quarter of 2006 in the police region Amsterdam-Amstelland (the Netherlands). It is demonstrated that spherical topographic maps provide a powerful instrument for analyzing this dataset. In addition, the performance of the Emergent SOM is compared to the performance of the spherical SOM and turned out to be superior to that of an ordinary classifier, applied directly to the data.

This paper explains how an extended Information Management framework can significantly help to enable ICT/S Services Management. Moreover it is shown how this framework is the basis for a new ICT/S Services Management course in the Information Management curriculum of K.U.Leuven.

In this paper we attempt to reach a method for evaluating the fit of different supportive technologies with a course. To achieve this we make use of a categorization of important factors, to deduce the four learning models we use. Using these characteristics we analyze different supportive technologies and arrive at a method of choosing.

Informatiemanagement wordt zowel in de literatuur als in de praktijk overheerst door denken in termen van strategic business-ICT alignment, een automatiseringsversie van de maakbare organisatie. We vervangen deze mythische visie door een van verbondenheid, maar constateren dat de praktijk van informatiemanagement ook dan nog veel te wensen over laat en met name niet uitnodigt tot innovatief handelen. Daarom herdefiniëren we informatiemanagement als de evenwichtskunde tussen ‘in-form-eren’ en ‘in-spir-eren’, vorm- en betekenisgeving. Tegelijk wijzen we met enkele voorbeelden op het belang van een aangepaste taal, die tegelijk afstand neemt van de abstracte taal van de beleidsmaker en de van technologie doordrongen taal van de ICT’er.

This working paper is a sequel to the working paper (2006-08) in which we addressed the question of the relation between process management and organisational structure. In our first working paper we presented a typology of integrative solutions for process management in relation to the situational factors. This working paper is the second step of our research. It includes an empirical study towards the use of coordination mechanisms for process management and the situational factors of a number of Hospitals and the Police Force in the Netherlands. We found in these organisations a variety of the coordination mechanisms included in the typology. This study suggests that although process management is a 'hot' topic in both sectors, the implementation is in its first stages and still rife with challenges. The lack of adequate process information, especially, is an obstacle. Also in this working paper is suggested that the implementation approach, which in the researched hospitals and police departments has in most cases been top down and technically oriented, may have caused problems with understanding the principles of process orientated organising and the acceptation by the employees.