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Introduction: A high percentage of patients that have suffered from covid-19 refer a series of clinical manifestations that persist after the original pattern. One of the population groups in which this happens most frequently is the elderly, to whom maximum care should be paid. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the combined modality therapy in elderly with psychosomatic manifestations due to postcovid-19 syndrome. Methods: A quasi-experiment study without control group of therapeutic intervention was carried out at Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso General Teaching Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from March to May, 2021. The population studied was made up of 25 patients of 60 years and over with postcovid-19 syndrome, who presented psychosomatic manifestations and received combined modality treatment (group psychotherapy and floral therapy). Sex, age and psychosomatic manifestations were analyzed as variables, as well as the response to treatment, which effectiveness was evaluated according to the proportion of patients with a satisfactory response, taking into account a significance level of 5 %. Results: There was a prevalence of the male sex and the 65-69 and 70-74 age groups. The most frequent manifestations were dyspnea, asthenia and anxiety. After applying the combined modality therapy, a significant proportion of patients with a favorable condition was achieved, since the number of psychosomatic manifestations decreased. Conclusions: Combined modality therapy was effective to reduce the number of psychosomatic manifestations in elderly with postcovid-19 syndrome.

Fundamento: la COVID-19 tuvo repercusión en el estado biopsicosocial de la población. Entre las actitudes y comportamientos, la discriminación se manifestó como una de las respuestas a diferentes niveles de interrelación personal y social.Objetivo: describir la discriminación percibida por pacientes en seguimiento por COVID–19.Métodos: estudio descriptivo y transversal, realizado en el periodo septiembre de 2021 a febrero de 2022, con todos los pacientes con seguimiento por COVID-19 (N=89) residentes en el barrio de Tajamar Regalado (Tulcán, Ecuador). Mediante la encuesta se obtuvo información sobre las variables: tipo de institución donde recibió seguimiento médico, percepción de discriminación, apoyo social y apoyo comunitario.Resultados: el 60,67 % de los pacientes refirió que casi siempre lamentaba haberse contagiado de COVID-19; el 59,55 %, que siempre sintió ser discriminado por haber padecido la enfermedad; el 40,45 %, que casi siempre consideró importante utilizar medidas de protección para evitar más contagios en su comunidad; el 48,31 % planteó que casi siempre recibió consejería por el personal de salud; y el 59,55 % consideró que su salud mental se vio afectada. Casi la mitad de los pacientes expresó haber recibido un apoyo social muy malo, y el 51,68 % un apoyo social malo parte de las autoridades en particular.Conclusiones: durante la pandemia de COVID-19 existió un rechazo social a los pacientes contagiados, el cual provocó afectaciones en la salud mental de estos. Se evidenció una falta de apoyo por parte de la comunidad y las autoridades; y una escasa consejería por el personal de salud.

El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar los niveles de ansiedad y depresión en relación con los diferentes tipos de confinamiento experimentados durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Suramérica. El estudio se enmarcó en un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño analítico no experimental de carácter transversal y multicéntrico. La muestra estuvo compuesta por individuos mayores de 18 años que experimentaron el confinamiento relacionado con la COVID-19 en Suramérica en el año 2020 y que manifestaron su disposición a participar en la investigación, completando de manera adecuada un formulario (n=16,811). La recopilación de datos se efectuó a través de un formulario en línea y se utilizó la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión de Golbert. Los resultados más relevantes revelaron una predominancia del género femenino (87%) y una edad que varió entre los 18 y 79 años, con una media de 30.76 años y una desviación estándar de 11.82 años. En lo que respecta al tipo de confinamiento, la mayoría de los participantes indicó que fue de carácter voluntario (50.5%). Se constató que un 93.5% de los encuestados presentó indicios de ansiedad, mientras que un 93.4% mostró signos de depresión. Es importante destacar que se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p

Objetivo. Determinar la mortalidad por COVID-19 en las regiones del Perú entre la primera y la quinta ola pandémica. Métodos. La investigación fue analítica, observacional, retrospectiva y de corte transversal. La data fue obtenida de la Plataforma Nacional de Datos Abiertos del Ministerio de Salud (MINSA) y del Sistema Informativo Nacional de Defunciones (SINADEF) e importada en formato Microsoft Excel al programa estadístico SPSS v.25. Para la fcha de recolección de datos fueron consideradas las variables: edad, sexo, criterios de diagnósticos y regiones. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron las pruebas no paramétricas de Kruskal-Wallis y Mann-Whitney. Resultados. Se reportaron 218 770 fallecidos durante el periodo 2020-2022, con una tasa de mortalidad (TM) de 744,6 x 100 000 habitantes; el 44,1 % pertenecientes al departamento de Lima, en su mayoría adultos mayores de sexo masculino. La concentración según macroregión fueron principalmente: en Lima con una TM de 1,022 x 100 000 habitantes, y el norte con una TM de 634 x 100,000 habitantes. Por otro lado, el criterio de diagnóstico virológico en un 37,7 % seguido del SINADEF con 30,3 %. Así mismo, se muestran diferencias signifcativas en los rangos de las variables con un p < 0,05 (0,000). Conclusiones. La mortalidad por COVID-19 en el Perú fue alta, con una tasa de mortalidad de 744,6 x 100,000 habitantes, independientemente del sexo, edad, región y criterios de diagnóstico; liderando el Departamento de Lima. COMENTARIOS SOBRE EL ARTÍCULO

Objetivos. Desarrollar y validar una escala de percepción de riesgo ante la COVID-19 (PR-COVID-19-PE) en población peruana. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal psicométrico, realizado en el 2022. En la fase 1 se diseñó la escala inicial mediante revisión teórica, grupos focales, panel de expertos y revisión documental de escalas. En la fase 2 se determinó la escala mediante juicio de expertos y una prueba piloto. En la fase 3 se hizo una encuesta virtual en 678 pobladores peruanos adultos. Se efectuó un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Para determinar la validez de criterio se realizó un análisis correlacional (r de Pearson) con una escala válida de percepción de riesgo y la escala de miedo a la COVID-19. Resultados. La PR-COVID-19-PE está compuesta por dos dimensiones (cognitivo y emocional), presentó buen ajuste en la validez de constructo (x2/gl=2,34, Comparative Fit Index = 0,96, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0,96, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0,05 y Standarized Root Mean-Square = 0,07) y óptima consistencia interna (ώ=0,88). Asimismo, reportó correlación con otra escala de percepción de riesgo ante la COVID-19 (r=0,70, p

Introduction: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been very different in terms of morbidity and mortality, even among those territories with similar socioeconomic conditions and political backgrounds. Objective: To identify social determinants of socio-geographic inequality from COVID-19 mortality in Peru during the first year of pandemic. Material and Methods: Observational ecological research, based on the secondary analysis of mortality by COVID-19 during the year 2020 in the subnational governments of Peru. Results: The percentage of the population registered with social security was the only variable with statistical significance (t=2.921; p=0.008) that explained GMR due to COVID-19 (F=21.360; p=0.000). Adequate employment was the only variable with statistical significance (t=3.018; p=0.006) that explained SMR due to COVID-19 (F=18.910; p=0.000). The excess GMR and SMR due to COVID-19 amounted to 227.93 and 138.76 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants along the social gradient determined by the population enrolled in social security and those with adequate employment, respectively. Conclusions: The percentage of the economically active population with adequate employment, which is mainly under the social security, would have been the social determinant of the socio-gepgrphic inequality in COVID-19 mortality between the different subnational governments of Peru during the first year of the pandemic.

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 has had a negative and significant impact on global health systems, threatening the necessary blood supply for clinical transfusions. Objective: To describe the causes of rejection of blood donors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out in a population of donors who attended the Blood Bank of Ramiro Prialé Prialé National Hospital, in Huancayo, Peru, from July, 2020 to the same month, 2022. The analyzed variables were sex, the ABO blood group, Rh factor and types and causes of rejection. Results: Of total of 10 177 blood donors, 3390 (33.3%) were differed and excluded; the most frequent cause of differing was the low hematocrit (18.0%) and the most frequent cause of exclusion was antibody to hepatitis B core antigen positivity (36.8%). Likewise, male sex predominated among those who were rejected (55.2%) and an increment of the polytomous tendency was evidenced in differed (R²=0.2214) and excluded donors (R²=0.1178). Conclusions: The prevalence of differing and exclusion in blood donors was relatively high compared to that reported in other studies, which was mainly due, in each respective case, to the low hematocrit and the presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen.

Introduction: The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread rapidly throughout the world, which created a great challenge. The appearance of coinfections is among the most serious complications that these patients can develop. Pulmonary aspergillosis has been identified as a complication of COVID-19 pneumonia among ventilated patients in intensive care. Objective: To present an unusual clinical case of pulmonary aspergillosis. Clinical case: It is presented the case of a patient with a recent history of COVID-19, with an enteral clinical picture of diarrhea and vomiting plus respiratory failure, in which the evolution of colon cancer and ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by Aspergillus niger are concomitant. Conclusions: Pulmonary aspergillosis associated with COVID-19 is a complication that should be considered and sought in patients with a recent history of this disease.

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: COVID-19 is associated with multiple complications, in addition to those produced at the pulmonary level. Post-COVID-19 cognitive deficits have been detected in the cognitive domain of attention and executive functions, even 4 months after COVID-19. Objective: to determine the frequency of cognitive alterations in patients recovered from COVID-19. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was carried out. Records of patients in care after infection by SARS-CoV-2 were integrated, the Neuropsi test was applied. Descriptive statistics and association tests were used through the Chi square test, taking p < 0.05 as significant. Results: Data from 44 files were integrated. The median age, I place them in the sixth decade of life. There was a predominance of men (63.6%). The most frequent comorbidities were systemic arterial hypertension (50%) and diabetes mellitus (40.9%). Most of the patients were managed only at home (61.4%) with a moderate-severe COVID-19 picture (68.2%). The most affected dimensions of the Neuropsi test were attention and concentration (47.7%, mild alteration) and short-term memory (77.3%, mild alteration). Conclusions: Cognitive impairment in patients recovered from COVID-19 assessed through the Neuropsi test presented mild alterations in attention and concentration, as well as in short-term memory. These could affect functionality, quality of life and ability to perform work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, imaging and treatment characteristics of COVID-19 pediatric cases, confirmed by reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or serology attended in El Salvador. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional and descriptive study of paediatric patients with COVID-19, confirmed by molecular testing or serology, attended between June 1 and December 31, 2020. A code was assigned to each patient to ensure confidentiality. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients were included, with a predominance in the 1-4 year age group (n = 25). The mean age was 3.4 years; 28 patients were female and 44 were male. Three patients remained asymptomatic, 37 with mild, 22 with moderate, 4 with severe and 6 with critical symptoms. The most common symptoms were: fever, hyporexia, adynamia and cough. The most commonly reported laboratory findings were: anaemia, lymphopenia, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Chest radiographs reported pneumonia in 26 patients. The most common treatments were antibiotics and paracetamol. Eleven patients needed supplemental oxygen and seven needed mechanical ventilation. Children under 1 year of age stayed in the hospital twice as long as the other age groups. Six patients developed multisystem inflammatory syndrome. There were seven deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Although the prognosis was favorable in most cases, some patients developed severe or critical illness, dying despite receiving management in intensive care. To reduce these outcomes it is necessary to educate the population so that they seek attention promptly, strengthen health personnel clinical skills for timely identification of the disease, and increase intensive care installed capacity in the event of similar epidemiological phen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foundation: COVID-19 had an impact on the population’ biopsychosocial state. Among attitudes and behaviors, discrimination manifested itself as one of the responses to different levels of personal and social interrelation. Objective: to describe the discrimination perceived by patients being monitored for COVID-19. Methods: descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out from September 2021 to February 2022, in all patients monitored for COVID-19 (N=89) who live in Tajamar Regalado neighborhood (Tulcán, Ecuador). Through the survey, information was obtained on the variables: type of institution where they received medical follow-up, perception of discrimination, social support and community support. Results: 60.67% of patients reported that they almost always regretted having been infected with COVID-19; 59.55%, who always felt they were discriminated against for having suffered from the disease; 40.45%, who almost always considered it important to use protective measures to avoid further infections in their community; 48.31% stated that they almost always received counseling from health personnel; and 59.55% considered that their mental health was affected. Almost half of the patients expressed having received very bad social support, and 51.68% received bad social support from the authorities in particular. Conclusions: during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was social rejection of infected patients, which caused effects on their mental health. A lack of support from the community and authorities was evident; and little counseling by health personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 has had a negative and significant impact on global health systems, threatening the necessary blood supply for clinical transfusions. Objective: To describe the causes of rejection of blood donors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out in a population of donors who attended the Blood Bank of Ramiro Prialé Prialé National Hospital, in Huancayo, Peru, from July, 2020 to the same month, 2022. The analyzed variables were sex, the ABO blood group, Rh factor and types and causes of rejection. Results: Of total of 10 177 blood donors, 3390 (33.3%) were differed and excluded; the most frequent cause of differing was the low hematocrit (18.0%) and the most frequent cause of exclusion was antibody to hepatitis B core antigen positivity (36.8%). Likewise, male sex predominated among those who were rejected (55.2%) and an increment of the polytomous tendency was evidenced in differed (R²=0.2214) and excluded donors (R²=0.1178). Conclusions: The prevalence of differing and exclusion in blood donors was relatively high compared to that reported in other studies, which was mainly due, in each respective case, to the low hematocrit and the presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The suspension of clinical practices in the nursing profession during COVID-19 generated a decrease in the students' abilities and skills which made them vulnerable to more frequent to clinical practice stressors and levels of anxiety. Objective. To determine the relation between clinical practice stressors and anxiety levels in nursing students during COVID-19. Method. A descriptive correlational study with convenience sampling was carried out in 169 students enrolled from third to eight semesters in a public university in the city of Saltillo, Coahuila. For the measurement of variables a sociodemographic data card, the KEZKAK Questionnaire in its Spanish version to measure the clinical practice stressors and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used. Data collection was through a digital link during August-December 2021. Descriptive and inferential statistics were sued through SPSS V.26. Results. 57.4% reported a medium level of stress and 62.7% a low level of anxiety; however, there are stressors from clinical practice that lead to increased anxiety. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the study variables (r = .411, p < .001). Discussion and conclusion. The challenges in clinical practice experienced during COVID-19 highlight that generations of future nursing professionals face a scenario that is the product of a post-pandemic era, so it is necessary to strengthen their knowledge and confidence to motivate them to feel safe within the hospital context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research priorities are a fundamental component of national health research systems. In the year 2021, the National Institute of Health led the process of identifying the "national research priorities in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory viruses with pandemic potential: Preparing for the next pandemic, 2022-2026". The process was developed following the previous methodology for identification of research priorities used by the Instituto Nacional de Salud (Perú), which was to be adapted to a virtual environment, with four phases. Six strategic objectives to be achieved were formulated and served as an umbrella for the identification of national priorities, a total of 21 research priorities were identified. It is recommended that a plan for the implementation of research priorities be formulated and executed and that the Ministry of Health, through its different instances, take the necessary steps to obtain and allocate resources to the generation of evidence within the framework of priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To determine the association between the degree of severity of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) in a level III hospital in Peru. Materials and Methods. Cross-sectional, analytical and observational study in women older than 18 years diagnosed with COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, between the years 2020 and 2022. Clinical and obstetric variables were collected. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for the descriptive analysis. For the multivariate analysis, we calculated the prevalence ratio by using Poisson regression in crude and adjusted models. All statistical tests were performed considering a value of p<0.05 as signi- ficant and with a confidence level of 95%. Results. We analyzed data from 163 pregnant women with COVID-19, of which 9.2% had PPROM; all were symptomatic cases. Mild COVID-19 cases were 1.10 times more likely to have PPROM (RPa=1.10; 95%CI: 1.02-1.18) and moderate/severe cases were 1.64 times more likely (RPa=1.64; 95%CI: 1.43-1.87), compared to asymptomatic cases. Conclusions. We identified that a higher degree of severity of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy was associated with a higher probability of having PPROM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: 1 out of 5 cases of COVID-19 in Mexico occurred in health workers, and the high risk of contagion in these workers caused absenteeism due to temporary leave from work (TLfW), as well as the need to establish qualification criteria for COVID-19 as an occupational disease (OD). There are no quantitative data about the labor population to whom this benefit has been provided, nor on the economic impact of not being qualified as OD. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of qualification of OD by COVID-19 in health workers from a tertiary care hospital (TCH). Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study carried out from March 2020 to April 2021, which included health workers from a TCH who had TLfW due to COVID-19 and were working 14 days before it was issued. Variables such as OD, days of TLfW, category, among others, were analyzed, as well as the economic income lost by remaining as a general disease (GD). It was used descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 654 health workers had TLfW due to COVID-19, with a prevalence of OD of 18.5%; 17 days of TLfW were granted on average. Nurses were classified with the high number of OD, and the category with the highest prevalence was cleaning and hygiene assistant (36%). 5310 days of TLfW were subsidized as GD, equivalent to $510,385.60 (Mexican pesos) that were not granted as an economic benefit to the population that did not have an OD qualification due to COVID-19. Conclusions: The prevalence of recognition of COVID-19 as OD was low; most of TLfWs were subsidized as GDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: a high percentage of people who have suffered from COVID-19 report, after recovery from the acute phase, manifestations that last for more than three weeks, and even for three months after the original clinical picture.Objective: to characterize, from the clinical and epidemiological point of view, patients confirmed to SARS-CoV-2 in the post-COVID-19 stage.Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in patients confirmed to SARS-CoV-2 in the post-COVID-19 stage, belonging to the Hermanos Martínez Tamayo Polyclinic, from October to November 2021. All patients were studied (N= 400) attended in post-COVID-19 consultation in the declared period. The information was obtained through epidemiological surveys carried out.Results: there was a predominance of patients aged between 50 and 59 years old, female. The most frequent clinical manifestations were cough, loss of taste and smell. The incomplete vaccination scheme was the most frequent. The most used place of admission were isolation centers, as well as the use of Nasalferon as a treatment. Complications predominated in unvaccinated patients, and aged 60 years and over.Conclusions: a high percentage of patients presented clinical manifestations after the acute period of the disease. COVID-19, in the medium term, had greater implications in the respiratory, nervous and osteomyoarticular systems. Vaccination campaigns help prevent serious symptoms of the virus and counteract complications.

Objetivos. Evaluar la asociación entre rinitis alérgica y el grado de compromiso pulmonar en pacientes con COVID-19 y evaluar las frecuencias de las variables principales. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, transversal y analítico mediante la revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia entre el año 2020 y 2021 con diagnóstico de COVID-19. Se determinó el antecedente de rinitis alérgica, y el compromiso pulmonar se evaluó mediante una tomografía sin contraste usando el puntaje tomográfico (PT), además de, variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Se estimaron razones de prevalencias tanto crudas (RP) como ajustadas (RPa) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (IC) al 95% y se empleó un modelo lineal generalizado de la familia Poisson con función de enlace logarítmica y varianzas robustas. Resultados. Se evaluaron 434 pacientes predominantemente varones, mayores de 60 años y sin antecedentes médicos relevantes. El 56,2% tenía el antecedente de rinitis alérgica y el 43,1% tuvo un compromiso pulmonar moderado a severo. En el modelo de regresión ajustado, se encontró que el antecedente de rinitis alérgica disminuyó la gravedad de COVID-19 evaluada a través del compromiso pulmonar según el PT (RPa: 0,70; IC 95%: 0,56-0,88; p=0,002). Conclusiones. El antecedente de rinitis alérgica representó una disminución en la gravedad de COVID-19 según el PT score del 30,0% en pacientes hospitalizados.

El reciente coronavirus denominado SARS-CoV-2 es el causante de la enfermedad COVID-19, declarada pandemia por la OMS. Inicialmente considerado un virus predominantemente respiratorio, sin embargo, con el transcurso del tiempo y la evidencia de múltiples casos reportados se ha observado variabilidad en las manifestaciones clínicas y el compromiso multisistémico, dentro de los cuales es importante resaltar la afectación del sistema nervioso central a través de diversos mecanismos directos o indirectos. Se presenta el caso de un paciente previamente sano, con prueba de COVID-19 positiva que debutó con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico y encefalitis viral más sobre infección por toxoplasma, sin presencia de inmunodeficiencia y con evolución satisfactoria. Las manifestaciones extrapulmonares originadas por el virus cobran cada vez más importancia, en especial las neurológicas por su alta morbimortalidad. Se recomienda la realización de prueba para COVID-19 al ingreso de pacientes con ACV isquémico, y establecer un manejo individualizado e integral teniendo en cuenta los múltiples estudios existentes, pese que aún es tema de estudio al igual que su manejo y pronóstico

Objetivo. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo describir la población atendida y los beneficios del programa “Lineamiento de atención integral por Cuidados Paliativos en el Área de Salud de Palmares, para pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 severo” con ventilación mecánica asistida, hospitalizados en unidades de cuidados intensivos de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social durante la pandemia en Costa Rica, del 10 de junio al 31 de octubre del 2021. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo mixto de la población y los beneficios del programa por medio de indicadores cuantitativos obtenidos del informe de aplicación y cualitativos a través de la realización de una encuesta de satisfacción a usuarios en el período de estudio. Resultados. El programa atendió a 13 pacientes, brindó apoyo en manejo del duelo a los familiares de cinco pacientes que ya habían fallecido y a los cuidadores de ocho pacientes hospitalizados, también ofreció 70 consultas médicas en un período promedio de 62 días. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 55 años; doce pacientes presentaban algún factor de riesgo, siendo la obesidad y la falta de esquema de vacunación completo (dos dosis) los más frecuentes. Durante la implementación del programa fallecieron cinco pacientes más, obteniendo una tasa de mortalidad del 78%. A los pacientes que sobrevivieron se les atendió en promedio por 135 días. Con el apoyo del equipo, los pacientes lograron la recuperación clínica de las complicaciones respiratorias y funcionales. Lograron independencia total de actividades básicas de la vida diaria y reinserción social en menos de tres meses después del alta hospitalaria. En general, se documentó una percepción positiva del programa en el 100% de los usuarios, con cambios en el nivel de sufrimiento manifestado por las familias y el apoyo en el manejo del duelo. Conclusión. Con la optimización de uso de los recursos ya existentes en la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social y la participación social, este programa abordó aspectos no atendidos previamente para los pacientes que sufrieron COVID 19 severo, como el manejo del sufrimiento y/o duelo durante la hospitalización y al egreso. Además, el programa colaboró en la recuperación clínica y funcional de los usuarios sobrevivientes y documentó múltiples beneficios percibidos por el paciente, sus familias, la institución y la sociedad, como el abordaje del sufrimiento, la adecuada atención al duelo, la organización de los recursos asistenciales y la pronta recuperación física, emocional y social del paciente sobreviviente.

Las secuelas y consecuencias de la COVID-19 son múltiples y engloban disímiles aspectos, con gran impacto negativo para los sistemas sanitarios y la humanidad. En tal sentido, poseer información actualizada y pertinente favorece al arduo enfrentamiento a esta pandemia. Este trabajo tiene el propósito de actualizar los conocimientos sobre las manifestaciones orales de la infección por COVID-19. A propósito de este tema, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica. La búsqueda se ejecutó a través de Google Académico, SciELO y otras fuentes de información de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud de Cuba. El impacto de la COVID-19 en la salud oral está determinado por el sistema inmunológico del paciente, la farmacoterapia que recibe y la patogenia del virus. Predominan los síntomas de sequedad de boca, hipogeusia, disgeusia y ageusia, incluso antes de los síntomas respiratorios. Entre otras manifestaciones se encuentra la candidiasis orofaríngea, presente en aproximadamente el 5 % de los pacientes en días posteriores al diagnóstico. Las principales manifestaciones orales relacionadas a la COVID-19 reportadas en la literatura son: hiposalivación, xerostomía, ageusia, hipogeusia, disgeusia, lesiones herpéticas y candidiasis.

Introducción: La rápida propagación de la COVID-19 a escala mundial ocasionó el colapso de los sistemas sanitarios, lo cual contribuyó a que el personal sanitario incrementara el agotamiento sufrido, tanto físico como mental. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto psicológico de la pandemia de la COVID-19 en el personal sanitario. Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico transversal, en 145 sujetos que se desempeñaron como personal sanitario en el periodo de enero a diciembre de 2021. La información se recopiló a través de un formulario online, precisando edad, sexo, antecedentes patológicos personales, institución, categoría laboral, acceso diario a información sobre la COVID-19, asistencia directa a pacientes infectados y muerte de personas cercanas. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Salud General. Se utilizó la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney para buscar diferencias en la puntuación general reportada. Resultados: Presentaron un impacto psicológico alto el 62,1 % de los encuestados; el 70,0 % eran médicos y enfermeras; el 62,2 % accedía más de 2 h al día a información sobre la COVID; el 64,4 % participó directamente en la atención a pacientes infectados y el 35,6 % había perdido a personas cercanas por la pandemia. Ser mujer (p= 0,008), acceder a información sobre la COVID-19 más de 2 h al día (p= 0,026), asistir directamente a pacientes infectados (p= 0,033) y la muerte de personas cercanas (p= 0,018) tuvo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el impacto psicológico. Conclusiones: La pandemia de la COVID-19 se asocia a un impacto psicológico alto en el personal sanitario.

Introducción: La influencia de la innovación tecnológica en la sociedad demanda nuevas formas de concebir el proceso docente-educativo. Objetivo: Describir dentro de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la educación médica actual, el aprendizaje digital y móvil, y las aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la educación médica durante noviembre de 2021. Se escogieron como fuentes de información revistas de impacto de la Web of Sciences y SciELO Cuba, Se emplearon descriptores como “Information Technology” y “Education, Medical” y sus contrapartes en español. Se incluyeron artículos a texto completo de los últimos 5 años y en idioma español e inglés. Desarrollo: El aprendizaje digital es el acto de enseñar y aprender a través de tecnologías digitales. El aprendizaje móvil se compone de dispositivos móviles, aplicaciones y servicios de Internet. El éxito o fracaso de un software educativo depende de cómo se hayan entendido los requisitos que debe cumplir. La crisis de salud global generada por la pandemia de la COVID-19 se ha extendido a todos los aspectos de la vida humana, incluido el de la educación, y varios han sido los retos y soluciones en este ámbito. Conclusiones: Las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones poseen como base la Electrónica. Ello propicia el desarrollo de dispositivos de telecomunicaciones, informáticos y medios audiovisuales de utilidad en la docencia, por ejemplo, en la educación a distancia. Las prebendas de los dispositivos y aplicaciones móviles propician la eficiencia y flexibilidad del aprendizaje en el ámbito de la educación médica. Sus beneficios han sido empleados durante la pandemia de la COVID-19.

Introduction: Quarantine and social isolation have had a negative impact on mental health; moreover, psychological symptoms have been evident in patients who have suffered from COVID-19 in our social context. Objective: To analyze the main psychological symptoms in people who have suffered from COVID-19. Methods: A qualitative and quantitative study of 51 subjects who had suffered from COVID-19, from January 12 to June 12, 2021, in the city of Santiago de Cuba, was carried out. Results: The most relevant symptoms were stress, anxiety, fear and frustration; these have been the result of exposure to the disease and have generated behaviors that modify daily life. Conclusions: These behaviors modify their daily life, reaffirm the protection of their health, the increase of risk perception before the disease and the concern for the future of their lives and of the country.

Introduction: the use of mobile technologies to support the achievement of health goals has the potential to influence and transform the provision of services globally. Objective: to reflect on the usefulness of applications for mobile devices in dentistry branches. Key Comments: mobile apps have many advantages: they are constantly accessible, can be tailored to user needs, can provide personalized feedback, and are more anonymous than face-to-face contact, can send reminders, and have a wide reach and interactive features. Global considerations: the usefulness of applications for mobile devices in dentistry branches is undeniable. This technological variant has established itself as a valuable weapon within mobile health services in areas such as health promotion and prevention, information to patients, communication between professionals and the diagnosis of pathological entities. The search for quality in the mobile applications that are created and incorporated into the practice of the profession is a necessity to enhance the benefits they offer.

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Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic represented a challenge in medical care. A tool would be very useful to establish the prognosis of in-hospital death that is reliable and can be applied to the Mexican population entitled to the IMSS. Objective: To propose a prognostic scale to stratify patients with viral pneumonia COVID-19 in the emergency services. Material and methods: A nested case-control study was conducted in a cohort of patients who were consecutively admitted to the emergency department with viral pneumonia COVID-19. The cases were those patients who died, and the controls were those who were discharged due to health improvement. An association analysis was performed between the variables with significant differences between groups. Subsequently, the association was adjusted using a multivariate logistic regression model, from which the prognostic scale was developed. Results: A total of 70 subjects with COVID-19 were included, 34 cases and 36 controls. Chronic diseases, smoking, severe pulmonary involvement diagnosed by tomography, leukocytosis, and pulse oximetry less than 80% with were associated with in-hospital mortality; Odds Ratio (OR) of >1.1. Vaccination was a protective factor (OR = 0.04, CI95%: 0.01-0.16). A score greater than 3 points on the prognostic scale predicts in-hospital mortality with a specificity of 0.86 and a sensitivity of 0.73. Conclusions: The proposed prognostic scale can be a useful tool in the classification of patients with COVID-19 viral pneumonia in the emergency room services of secondary care level Hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Weight changes in adults have strong repercussions on people’s health status. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these changes could be more evident due to the mandatory confinement, as well as eating habits and lifestyle. In this study, changes in diet and body weight in Mexican population at the beginning of COVID-19 lockdown period (weeks 4-7) were evaluated using an online survey. Objective: To identify the characteristics of the diet and the perceived change in body weight at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional study of 1281 people over 18 years of age, electronic survey in weeks 4-7 of confinement with sociodemographic data, food consumption and perception of body weight. Results: The change in food consumption was 53.9%, finding differences according to gender in beverages (carbonated, juices, alcoholic), coffee/tea, fruits, legumes (p < 0.05). The perception of body weight increases by 3.4 (increased) and 2.1 (lowered) times more than the risk of change in diet. Conclusions: The dietary differences refer to a tendency to the type of food consumed, mainly sugary drinks, with the perception of changes in positive body weight in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary health care is the provision of comprehensive and accessible medical services provided by clinical health professionals. It plays an indispensable role in the health emergency, as it represents the first contact for many Mexicans with and without social security. Its work during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial as it forms the gateway to health systems. The contingency due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Mexico has only increased this inequality between those who have access to quality services and those who do not. Certain weaknesses are evident in the country, such as the saturation of hospitals, care times and the shortage of medicines. However, they have also highlighted strengths such as the vaccination strategy (being one of the first Latin American countries to implement the vaccine against COVID-19). On the other hand, the hospital reconversion that has made it possible to care for a greater number of patients, avoiding the saturation of hospitals. A resource that became relevant in pandemic times was technology. Doctors adapted to the needs of patients and through wireless communication, telemedicine was a resource used to provide health care remotely and thus prevent the risk of contagion. This manuscript represents an overview of the panorama in Mexico from the social perspective and the first level of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: During the covid-19 pandemic, safety protocols were implemented that contributed to the protection of patients and nursing professionals. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge about the sequence of dressing and undressing by nursing professionals who worked in assistance during the covid-19 pandemic and to verify the association between this knowledge and sociodemographic and performance characteristics of nursing professionals. Method: Cross-sectional study, carried out from November 2020 to December 2021 with nursing professionals working in care in the five regions of Brazil. The questionnaire was developed considering the Technical Note GVIMS/GGTES/ANVISA No. 04/2020. It has 10 questions, ranging from 0 to 10 points. The cutoff point = 75 points and < 74 points was established to indicate sufficient knowledge and insufficient knowledge. Data collection was performed using Google forms®, using different social networks. Results: Of the 493 nursing professionals, 157 were aged between 30 and 39 years, 374 were female, and 358 worked as nurses. In terms of knowledge about the dressing and undressing sequence, 370 had sufficient knowledge and 123 had insufficient knowledge. There was no association between knowledge about dressing and undressing with sociodemographic characteristics and professional performance. Conclusion: Nursing professionals demonstrated adequate knowledge about dressing and undressing and there was no association between knowledge and characterization of the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alerta (San Salvador) - Revista Cientifica del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Peruana de Investigación Materno Perinatal is the property of Peruvian Journal of Maternal Perinatal Research / Revista Peruana de Investigacion Materno Perinatal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of FACSalud is the property of Revista FACSalud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus and presents a wide range of symptoms, both in its acute phase and in its chronic phase. Among the systems that it affects is the Nervous, due to its neurotropic mechanism. Objective: to determine the risk of neurological complications associated with the COVID-19 severity in adult patients. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, which included 143 positive patients for COVID-19 treated at the San Vicente de Paúl Hospital, in Ibarra, Ecuador, during 2021. Neurological complications and the severity of the COVID-19 disease were analyzed. As a measure of association for these variables, the Fisher Test was used (p = ≤ 0.05) and a bivariate analysis was performed. Results: 54% of the patients presented neurological complications of the Central Nervous System, while 46% were of the Peripheral Nervous System; and mild-moderate severity was the most frequent (41%), and hearing impairment had the highest statistical probability of occurring (OR= 74.968; CI: 95%). The case fatality rate in these patients was 7.1%; and in those with neurological complications, 8.4%. Conclusion: the neurological sequelae most likely to occur were hearing impairment and taste impairment, in patients with mild severity and serious severity, respectively; in addition to polyneuropathy in patients with critical severity, which also occurred in deceased patients. Keywords: Coronavirus infections; neurologic manifestations; central nervous system; peripheral nervous system; severity of illness index

The vaccination process against COVID-19 in Cuba is based on epistemological foundations of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences that allowed the execution of clinical trials with nationally produced vaccines, as well as the development of other vaccine candidates during the epidemiological emergency period. The objective of this article is to base the knowledge in relation to the intervention strategy with the vaccine candidate Abdala in Health workers in Santiago de Cuba. Through a bibliographical review carried out from the 1st. From March to May 31st, 2021, scientific articles, data published by the World Health Organization, and textbooks were analyzed, all of which facilitated the recovery and evaluation of systematized information. The intervention strategy with the vaccine candidate Abdala in health workers in Santiago de Cuba demanded a transdisciplinary, intersectoral and participatory management. The application of the procedures of the clinical-epidemiological method revealed the need to amplify an immunization culture with epistemological supports through the systematization of the care process.

La propagación del Covid-19 generó una serie de retos para los países, no solo a nivel de la atención en los servicios de salud por el aumento de número de casos, lo que implicó aumento de las instalaciones, equipos y profesionales de la salud, sino las múltiples manifestaciones clínicas que tenía el desarrollo de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este artículo es reconocer el comportamiento del Covid-19 y establecer si los determinantes estructurales —como es el estrato socioeconómico y afiliación al sistema de seguridad— se relacionan con la presencia y evolución de la enfermedad. Para ello, se hizo un análisis de los casos reportados al Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de Salud Pública de la población indígena del Cauca-Colombia, determinando la frecuencia de presentación de la enfermedad y una posible definición de riesgo de mortalidad (OR). Los resultados evidencian que los indígenas que se encuentran en el sistema de seguridad social subsidiada (OR=19.5 p=0.000) y en un estrato socioeconómico 1 (OR=17.9 p=0.052) tienen mayor probabilidad de tener Covid-19. Se evidencia que determinantes estructurales se asocian positivamente con la posibilidad de tener Covid-19 en los pueblos indígenas del Cauca.

Introducción: el proceso formativo de los residentes de cirugía general fue afectado a nivel global por la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 y surge la necesidad de reinventarse con nuevos programas de formación. El objetivo fue estudiar el impacto de la pandemia en la formación de los residentes de cirugía general. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional realizado en el Hospital de Clínicas de Paraguay, tomando dos grupos: egresados (no afectados por la pandemia) y residentes(formados durante la pandemia). Resultados: 46 encuestados: 10 fueron egresados y 36 residentes. El promedio de cirugías menores y apendicectomías realizadas por un egresado y un residente de primer año pasó de 25,8 y 56,6 a 7,8 y 14,5 respectivamente. Al comparar herioplastias y colecistectomias convencionales entre egresados y residentes de segundo año pasaron de 42 y 55 a 20,3 y 21,1. 56,3% de los residentes no realizó curso de simulación, y todas las clases pasaron a ser virtuales. Conclusión: la pandemia afectó la formación de los residentes, con una disminución importante en el volumen de cirugías realizadas, de un 50 a 75%. El aumento en la utilización de plataformas virtuales colaboro a no interrumpir el proceso enseñanza - aprendizaje.

Introducción. La infección por SARS CoV-2 se caracteriza por una afección multisistémica que en la etapa aguda impacta de forma negativa la funcionalidad de los pacientes. Aunque en otros países existen programas de rehabilitación para tratar pacientes con COVID-19, los cuales se basan en la prevención y manejo de complica-ciones agudas, en Colombia existen pocos datos respecto a la epidemiología de esta población. Objetivos. Describir las intervenciones médicas y de rehabilitación que se ofrecieron a los pacientes adultos con COVID-19 que requirieron manejo intrahospitalario en la Clínica Universidad de La Sabana de Chía, Colombia, y definir las características sociodemográficas de esta población. Métodos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables establecidas a través de la revisión de las historias clínicas de 96 pacientes atendidos entre julio y diciembre del 2020 en la Clínica Universidad de La Sabana. Resultados. La mayoría de los pacientes eran hombres (62,5%) y la comorbilidad más prevalente fue la hipertensión arterial (47,9%). De los pacientes que tuvieron que ingresarse a la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), 45% requirieron soporte ventilatorio invasivo. La valoración por fisiatría se realizó en promedio a los 9,29 días desde el inicio de hospitalización y el 95,8% de los pacientes recibieron intervención por alguna modalidad terapéutica Conclusiones. Se encontró una alta prevalencia de pacientes masculinos adultos mayores con comorbilidades y procedentes de Chía. En cuanto a la intervención integral de rehabilitación, fisioterapia fue la más prescrita en un 79,5% de la población y el diangosto más frecuente fue síndrome de desacondicionamiento físico.

La formación de especialistas en enfermería intensiva y emergencia se reinició en Cuba durante el desarrollo desbastador de la pandemia de Covid-19. Estos profesionales estuvieron directamente involucrados en la atención de los pacientes graves hospitalizados con la enfermedad, que les exigió alto grado de desempeño desde el punto de vista físico y psíquico. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en la provincia Villa Clara durante el primer trimestre del año 2022 con el objetivo de determinar la presencia de Síndrome de Burnout en los residentes de segundo año de la especialidad enfermería intensiva y emergencia. A los 15 residentes se les aplicó el Cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory después de dar su consentimiento oral y escrito para participar en el estudio. Prevalecieron las mujeres entre 31 a 40 años de edad y con más de 15 años de experiencia profesional en cuidados intensivos, la totalidad de los residentes tuvieron niveles altos de agotamiento emocional y baja realización personal mientras que la mayoría presentaron niveles altos de despersonalización. Se pudo concluir que la totalidad de los residentes de segundo año de la especialidad de enfermería intensiva presentaron Síndrome de Burnout moderado durante la atención a pacientes con Covid-19 en unidades de cuidados intensivos.

Durante dos años y medio, tanto en Colombia como en el resto del mundo, hemos enfrentado la pandemia generada por el SARS-CoV-2, agudizando los múltiples problemas de salud pública que venían cursando a manera de sindemias. Tal es el caso de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles asociadas, entre otros factores, a los malos hábitos alimenticios, especialmente por el gran consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y bebidas azucaradas. En julio del 2021, se aprobó la Ley 2120, por medio de la cual se adoptaron medidas para fomentar entornos alimentarios saludables. Entre estas medidas, también se promueve que los alimentos empacados, procesados y que afectan negativamente la salud humana, tengan un sello que identifique sus componentes y valor nutricional para informar a los consumidores sobre el producto que están comprando o consumiendo. Entre las enfermedades más prevalentes en Colombia que afectan la salud bucal, se encuentran las caries y las periodontitis, ambas con factores de riesgo comunes con las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Dados sus costos y prevalencia, dichas enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles resultan primordiales desde un enfoque de gestión del riesgo en salud pública, siendo, quizá, su gravedad mayor durante la pandemia generada por el SARS CoV-2. Asimismo, se especula que la población confinada pudo llegar a consumir más comida chatarra durante la pandemia del COVID-19 en comparación con otros períodos, además, porque en aquellos con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, el confinamiento obligado se asocia con mayor sedentarismo y con un menor número de controles médicos regulares, asuntos que se han reportado previamente. La promulgación de la ley de comida chatarra no va a cambiar los hábitos de alimentación de los colombianos “de la noche a la mañana” y, por esto, se necesita con urgencia implementar procesos de educación y sensibilización frente a los efectos adversos de los alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados en la salud.

Introducción: los coronavirus son agentes causales de enfermedades respiratorias, hepáticas, intestinales y neurológicas. Las implicaciones neurológicas causadas por el síndrome respiratorio agudo por coronavirus 2 han suscitado diversas opiniones. Las afectaciones clínicas y los mecanismos fisiopatogénicos relacionados con las complicaciones neurológicas que presentan los pacientes con COVID-19 son actualmente poco conocidos. Objetivo: describir las afectaciones neurológicas asociadas al SARS-CoV-2 a partir de sus bases fisiopatogénicas. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda, fundamentalmente en PubMed, con los descriptores COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 y neuro. Se consultaron revistas científicas en Internet y medios de prensa oficiales cubanos y extranjeros. Se revisó el manual publicado por la Sociedad Española de Neurología en abril de 2020. Se utilizaron los métodos análisis-síntesis e histórico-lógico al asociar las afectaciones neurológicas históricas de los distintos coronavirus con el actual y el método inductivo deductivo. Conclusiones: las afectaciones neurológicas más frecuentes asociadas al SARS-CoV-2 son mialgias, cefaleas, enfermedad cerebrovascular, encefalopatías, encefalitis, síndrome de Guillain-Barré, trastornos de los sentidos y de la conciencia y debilidad; se relacionan con el desencadenamiento de procesos inflamatorios, con alteraciones provocadas a los centros respiratorios del tronco encefálico, con mecanismos de daño muscular y con su potencial neuroinvasivo.

Objetivos. Evaluar la respuesta de preparados IgG por ELISA utilizando rígidos Wuhan y Lambda en trabajadores de la salud con y sin antecedentes de infección por SARS-CoV-2 antes de la inmunización con la primera y segunda dosis de la vacuna Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV). Materiales y métodos.Se realizó un estudio analítico en trabajadores sanitarios mayores de 18 años. Se incluyeron 51 participantes con antecedentes y 100 participantes sin antecedentes de infección por SARS-CoV-2, que recibieron dos dosis de la vacuna Sinopharm. Los obtenidos IgG se evaluaron 21 días después de la primera dosis, 21 días después de la segunda dosis y 3 meses después de la segunda dosis mediante ELISA interno utilizando el endurecimiento completo de la variante de Wuhan (B.1.1) y la variante lambda ( C-37) del virus SARS-CoV-2. Resultados.Ambos grupos mostraron un gran aumento en el porcentaje de personas con resultados después de la segunda dosis, sin embargo, este porcentaje llegó a los 3 meses después de la segunda dosis. La diferencia entre el índice de estudios medidos por ELISA con variante de Wuhan versus ELISA con variante lambda fue significativa (p

Objetivo. Caracterizar y describir las notificaciones de sospechas de reacciones adversas de un grupo de medicamentos que se utilizaron en Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Chile, El Salvador, México y Perú para tratar o prevenir la enfermedad por el coronavirus (COVID-19, por su sigla en inglés) entre el 1 de marzo y el 31 de agosto del 2020. Métodos. Se elaboró una lista de los 13 medicamentos utilizados para tratar o prevenir la COVID-19, según fuentes oficiales y no oficiales. Desde las bases de datos de los programas nacionales de farmacovigilancia de los países participantes, se recopilaron las notificaciones de sospechas de reacciones adversas a estos medicamentos recibidas en el período comprendido entre el 1 de marzo y 31 de agosto de año 2020. Resultados. Se recibieron 3 490 notificaciones de sospechas de reacciones adversas desde los programas de farmacovigilancia de Perú (n = 3 037), Cuba (n = 270), Colombia (n = 108), Chile (n = 72) y El Salvador (n = 3). Los medicamentos con mayor número de notificaciones de reacciones adversas fueron la azitromicina, la ivermectina y la hidroxicloroquina. La diarrea fue el evento más frecuente (15,0%). Del total de las sospechas de reacciones adversas, 11,9% fueron notificadas como graves. La más frecuente fue la prolongación del intervalo QT posterior al uso de hidroxicloroquina. De estas sospechas de reacciones adversas graves, 54,5% ocurrieron en personas mayores de 65 años. Conclusión. Si bien no es posible establecer una relación causal a partir de la evaluación de informes espontáneos, el presente estudio confirma la presencia de reacciones adversas, algunas graves, con medicamentos que se utilizaron para tratar o prevenir la COVID-19.