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This study aims to check the effect of trilemma and quadrilemma choices on price and output stability of the Indian economy over the period of 1980-2016. All the three combos of trilemma triangle have been put into an empirical framework in order to check their effect upon the inflation rate, growth rate, inflation volatility, and output volatility. The role played by the international reserve hoarding has also been taken into account as the many studies have proved that trilemma framework is converting into the quadrilemma due to an increasing amount of reserves as well as due to the decisive role played by these reserves in the effectiveness of trinity choices upon the macroeconomic stability. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) has used and concluded that trinity choices could successfully affect the macroeconomic stability of the Indian economy. Another important conclusion is that the quadrilemma framework choices are better than the trilemma as the presence of interaction variable of the trinity indices and international reserves have altered the policy effects in an efficient manner and made these policy choices more stabilizing.

Electronic commerce, or people call it e-commerce, it refers to buying and selling products or services on the Internet and transferring money and data to carry out these transactions. More consumers are shifting from traditional transactions to e-commerce, as e-commerce becomes faster and cheaper. In contrast, electronic commerce provides more ease and variety in the composition of goods and services worldwide. E-commerce is the type of electronic business that has been in business for more than 25 years and is used by many users around the world. This research aims to shed light on the nature of electronic commerce and the difficulties it faces on the technical side. This research used descriptive methodology after gathering data from online and indexed research. The research also mentioned five of these obstacles, and how the Amazon overcomes them, and we will take a look at how the opportunities of the Amazon grow so that they have an effect called the Amazon effect, the research reached an important conclusion that eDesk is the leading help desk for online sellers, specifically designed to meet the exact requirements of e-commerce. The research also found solutions to some of the weaknesses faced by electronic commerce platforms.

The research aims to prepare (S.A.Q) and (MetCon) exercises to develop some motor abilities, explosiveability and defensive foot movements for young basketball players, and to learn about the effect of (S.A.Q)training and (MetCon) in the development of some movement abilities, explosive ability and defensivefoot movements of young basketball players. The researcher hypothesized that there is a positive effect of(S.A.Q) training, which consists in developing some movement abilities, explosive ability and defensivefoot movements for young basketball players. The researcher used the experimental method using themethod of (the two equal experimental groups) of pre and post-test due to its suitability to the nature ofthe research, the research sample was represented by (12) players who were deliberately selected from theresearch community and randomly assigned to two groups, two experiments, a group of (S.A.Q) exercisesand a group of MetCon exercises. The most important conclusion is that (S.A.Q) training has a positiveeffect in developing some movement abilities, explosive ability and defensive foot movements for youngbasketball players. Through the conclusions, he mentioned some recommendations, the most important ofwhich is the emphasis on the use of (S.A.Q) and (MetCon) training to develop the defensive foot movementsof young basketball players. And the use of complex exercises by integrating motor abilities and explosiveability with defensive foot movements in similar conditions according to the motor path of the skill.

This paper examines how American and Hungarian economists of generation Y and Z view the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in the short and long term. The choice of topic is motivated by the integration of AI into our everyday lives. Research has been carried out in human resources and social perspectives. Based on the responses of 147 Hungarian and 105 American economists surveyed within the framework of an online, anonymous questionnaire method, a positive vision emerges for young economists. They were confident in the social and economic welfare effects of AI. No significant difference can be found between the thinking of the two generations and the opinion of the nations. The most important conclusion from the empirical results is that AI does not take away the job of economists, but transforms it, and supports to appreciate the virtues of human resources. Accordingly, employers need to develop a shortand long-term action plan to secure their employees’ future.

The article demonstrates that over the past few years medical tourism market goes through significant changes . This especially relates to regional economy and its aspects in the field of tourism. The article presents an important conclusion that nowadays the top-priority factor in the development of medical tourism is a number of crisis points in provision of health tourism services both in the regions of Russia and in the capital region that are related to pandemic and its consequences. The article considers complex of factors related just to epidemiological crisis and its consequences? including economic and social factors related to health-preserving technologies of medical tourism industry. The actual condition of tourism industry, as a branch of the Russian economy,demonstrates that it was among the first ones hit by the pandemic. The article emphasizes that due to emerging problematic trends during epidemics and their aftermaths the possibilities of providing medical tourism services and their concentration in the country, costs and conditions are changing that undoubtedly impact the economic component and health ecology aspects. The conclusion is made that among main conditions of adjustment of medical tourism industry to the new economic conditions are to be truly multidimensional and structured directions and tools that can be applied to look for way out of difficult situations when sales of medical services have fallen to zero, and companies are forced to work out on solutions emerging problems and to make plans of operational way out of existing crisis.

The relationship between soldiers and local actors is key to the successful development of Peacekeeping Operations (PKO). In the last decade, an emphasis has been placed on these actors mainly local authorities, populations and NGOs-acceptance of the international missions in order to ensure greater effectiveness. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore military actions in PKO from a micro-level, focusing on the multiple forms of interaction with those local actors from the point of view of the PKO officers. The most important conclusion drawn is, to these officers, relationships were mainly positive; which in turn provides more information on two important issues: it is possible that positive perceptions add trust to international missions and it shows a general acknowledgement of the army’s leadership role and its empathy towards local populations.

The purpose of the article is to research of directions of development and formation of conclusions based on brand management research findings. The urgency of digital technologies in brand management is defined in the work. According to the Forrester research company, by 2020 more than half of companies’ revenues will depend on digital technologies. If the transformation is not started now, then it will be too late. The subject-target method, statistical and comparative methods are the methodology in the work. The study was carried out using the desk research method of statistical analysis and the field method of sampling and questionnaires. The article notes that in the conditions of modern social and economic reality, globalization processes both in the world as a whole and in the Russian Federation cause serious market transformations, including through the development of innovations: technical, technological, social. One of them is total digitalization, which becomes a determining factor of economic development in the global strategic outlook. An important conclusion was made that the modern trend of business in Russia is undoubtedly optimization and further development of brand management. The results of the study consisted in the formation of conclusions about the industry effectiveness of brand management and its digitalization.

Information security certification (ISC) gets increasingly more complex. Although certain benefits, challenges and success factors have been recognized by both scholars and practitioners in the field, little has been done to consolidate the published knowledge. This systematic literature review attempts to consolidate what is currently known on the benefits of ISC, the issues and the challenges to certification, and the success factors that organizations consider while embarking on this process. Following the guidelines of Kitchenham et al., and Kuhrmann et al., we examined 42 papers that are relevant to our area of interest. We identified 12 benefits, 15 challenges, and 8 success factors. Our most important conclusion is that the current certification process is complex and suboptimal; it is expensive and it depends on the auditor’s skills. Finally, we evaluated validity threats and derived some implications for practice and for research.

The sidetracking process such as casing section mill, windowing and casing withdrawal is an important measure for the second target layer of the development well in the Kuwait Burgan oilfield. Through the research and analysis on sidetracking operation of 14 wells, this paper summarizes and expounds the sidetracking process such as wellbore preparation, select of kick-off points, casing withdrawal operation, casing section mill operation, whip stock windowing operation, cement plug operation, sidetracking and directional drilling technology and operation, and also addressed how to prevent downhole problems and related cautions during casing sidetracking operation. Finally, a detailed analysis of the on-site operation data is made. Get the important conclusion regarding sidetracking operation: It is important to precisely control the hydraulic parameters of the section mill during milling. In the windowing sidetracking, the selection of the size of milling tool is very critical. Whether there is success of the sticking point calculation (electrical logging) of the casing withdrawal well. The mud property of the casing milling and windowing sidetracking directly affects the efficiency. The original point of innovation is the combination of wellbore preparation before sidetracking, selection of sidetracking points and directional technology, which has great reference for the same type of well operation in the future.

The end of the Trump Era has not come with a “whimper.” Instead, Trump’s “bang” has raised a wide variety of concerns about the strength of America’s democracy. Included in this list of worries is concern about the 2020 presidential election’s effects on the legitimacy of American political institutions, from the presidency to the U.S. Supreme Court. The purpose of this paper is to assess the election’s consequences from the viewpoint of the American people (so-called sociological legitimacy), based on a pair of nationally representative surveys beginning in July 2020 and concluding on January 5, 2021. Has significant damage been done to our political institutions by the events surrounding the presidential election of 2020? The answer of this paper is generally “no.” Indeed, perhaps the most important conclusion of this analysis is that American political institutions are resilient, just as has been predicted by Legitimacy Theory.

[Abstract] Reduced plantar foot sensation, postural instability, and gait difficulties are characteristic of Parkinson´s disease patients. A systematic review was carried out to determine the effect of the different types of insoles and shoes in these patients. Several databases were used to search for relevant articles reporting Parkinson´s disease patients undergoing treatment with any type of insole and footwear. All titles and abstracts were reviewed independently by two reviewers and the available data were extracted. The study eligibility criteria were any type of experimental study that included Parkinson’s disease patients treated with any type of insole or footwear. Eight studies were selected. Interventions used were textured insoles, footwear modifications, and habitual footwear. Three different outcomes were evaluated in each study: gait parameters, balance, and plantar sensation. According to the data available from this systematic review, the most important conclusion is that more controlled studies are needed in this research field. There are indications to suggest that textured insoles have positive effects on gait parameters, balance, and plantar sensation in Parkinson’s disease patients. This research was funded by the Generalitat Valenciana, grant number GV/2020/061 Generalitat Valenciana; GV/2020/061

The catastrophic effects of earthquakes that frequently hit the West coast of South America has motivated this research. The country of Ecuador, situated on the subduction border of the South American and Nazca tectonic plates, has a high seismic exposure. Since the Mw = 7.8 earthquake that occurred on April 16th, 2016, the assessment of stability conditions of dams has become a high priority for the Ecuadorian government. The concrete faced rockfill dam (CFRD) of Mazar, an essential structure for the country, is classified as a large dam by the International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD). In this research, the numerical seismic analysis of Mazar dam was carried out, including the generation of artificial earthquakes based on acceleration spectra established by Ecuadorian standards. Other aspects related to the dam behavior were also investigated, such as the static and pseudo static stability conditions and the maximum permanent displacements determined by simplified methods. An important conclusion from the 2D numerical analysis is the influence of topographic amplification, which is not taken into account when simplified methods based on 1D wave propagation are used.

Summary This paper discusses the possibility of using neural networks to classify seismic data in order to increase the efficiency of data processing, reduce the time for a geophysicist to perform routine tasks and have a positive impact on the economic efficiency of the project. The result of using deep learning for the classification of seismograms in the presence of non-stationary man-made noise in space is presented. The approach made it possible to achieve high classification accuracy. As a result of the work, an important conclusion was made about the possibility of using this approach to search for man-made noise in seismic records.

Coraz więcej podmiotów ekonomii społecznej (PES) przechodzi przez proces ekonomizacji. W Polsce proces ten jest inicjowany głównie przez państwo i prowadzoną przez nie politykę, której celem jest podniesienie samodzielności i niezależności PES. Ekonomizacja wywołuje zmiany w sposobie działania podmiotów pochodzących z III sektora. Poniższy artykuł jest próbą ilustracji tego zjawiska przy wykorzystaniu analizy kokreacji. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja odmiennych sposobów prowadzenia działalności przez PES, co jest efektem ich ekonomizacji. Artykuł powstał w efekcie studiów nad literaturą oraz na podstawie badań na grupie PES – uczestników projektu „Małopolski Ośrodek Wsparcia Ekonomii Społecznej” (MOWES). Najważniejszym wnioskiem z przeprowadzonych badań jest rozpoznanie różnic w stosowaniu kokreacji w przypadku różnych typów prowadzenia działalności przez ekonomizujące się podmioty ekonomii społecznej. Różnica ta jest efektem innego podejścia PES do działalności gospodarczej i działalności odpłatnej. Przeprowadzone badania pokazują, że zakres kokreacji zmienia się wraz ze zmianą rodzaju działalności: im działalność bardziej się ekonomizuje, tym zakres kokreacji jest mniejszy. Ekonomizacja zmienia otwarty model współpracy charakterystyczny dla działalności misyjnej na bardziej zamknięty model działania w przypadku prowadzenia działalności odpłatnej czy gospodarczej.

In this study, we use comprehensive vehicle emission remote sensing measurements of over 230,000 passenger cars to estimate total UK ammonia (NH3) emissions. Estimates are made using "top-down" and "bottom-up" methods that demonstrate good agreement to within 1.1% for total fuel consumed or CO2 emitted. A central component of this study is the comprehensive nature of the bottom-up emission estimates that combine highly detailed remote sensing emission data with over 4000 km of 1 Hz real driving data. Total annual UK NH3 emissions from gasoline passenger cars are estimated to be 7.8 ± 0.3 kt from the bottom-up estimate compared with 3.0 ± 1.7 kt reported by the UK national inventory. An important conclusion from the analysis is that both methodologies confirm that gasoline passenger car NH3 emissions are underestimated by a factor of about 2.6 compared with the 2018 UK National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory. Furthermore, we find that inventory estimates of urban emissions of NH3 for passenger cars are underestimated by a factor of 17.

Industry 4.0 is a newest paradigm that covers a wide range of issues in digital transformations, development of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and their industrial application. This paper highlights the specifics of chemical companies' innovative activity and significant contribution of chemical manufacturing to the Industry 4.0 processes. Studying the Chemicals 4.0 concept, we emphasize two dimensions of smart transformations: external, that is linked with needs from related industries for new smart materials and technological solutions for digital innovations, and internal, that is associated with smart modernization of the chemical industry value chain. We analyze data on the business and R&D activities of the leading diversified chemical companies and focus on their successful innovative cases. We conclude that cross-sectoral partnership and innovative ecosystems development is a key factor for accelerated development based on Industry 4.0 technologies. Another important conclusion is that sustainable development challenges constitute the starting point of most innovations in chemical manufacturing.

In the present work, we created new software in R system, strictly following to the kNN-QSPR approach, used PaDEL and Dragon Descriptor software for generation of initial set of descriptors and developed the program for automatic scaling. Based on this new software, we propose models of quantitative relationships between refractive indices (RI) and polymer structure. An important conclusion of this study is confirmed by the correct interpretation of the constructed models.

En la Feria del Productor al Consumidor en la Facultad de Agronomía de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, con el objetivo de describir el perfil de los consumidores de alimentos agroecológicos y comprender sus motivaciones, se realizaron 21 entrevistas semiestructuradas y una encuesta realizada a 234 personas. En este artículo, se presentan los rasgos principales de los consumidores. Como conclusión más destacada, se muestra que quienes adquieren estos alimentos son personas de una clase media urbana, con un nivel de educación formal superior a la media y que el consumo está motivado no sólo por asociarlos a una vida más saludable y una mejor calidad de vida sino porque ven en esta práctica una acción política y solidaria.

The article refers to various studies on the creation of safe spaces as well as works on the influence of land-use on the distribution of crime in urban space. The goal of the study is to identify places and facilities which constitute a potential threat to safety and impact the spatial distribution of crime. An analysis of relationships between various types of crime predictors and the spatial distribution of crimes at the address-level has also been made. The most important conclusion drawn from the study is that the distribution of crime predictors strongly impacts the presence of crime in their direct vicinity and this influence on crime gradually lessens as the distance increases. The influence of such crime predictors as honeypots and public facilities on attracting crime as well as movement predictors and conflicts of land use on repelling crime was determined.

Using self-trapped Escherichia coli bacteria that have intact flagellar bundles on glass surfaces, we study statistical fluctuations of cell-body rotation in a steady (unstimulated) state. These fluctuations underline direction randomization of bacterial swimming trajectories and plays a fundamental role in bacterial chemotaxis. A parallel study is also conducted using a classical rotation assay in which cell-body rotation is driven by a single flagellar motor. These investigations allow us to draw the important conclusion that during periods of counterclockwise motor rotation, which contributes to a run, all flagellar motors are strongly correlated, but during the clockwise period, which contributes to a tumble, individual motors are uncorrelated in long times. Our observation is consistent with the physical picture that formation and maintenance of a coherent flagellar bundle is provided by a single dominant flagellum in the bundle.

The main objective of the present work is to provide a comprehensive picture of the wind conditions in the Spanish continental nearshore considering a state-of-the-art wind dataset. In order to do this, the ERA5 wind data, covering the 20-year time interval from 1999 to 2018, was processed and evaluated. ERA stands for ’ECMWF Re-Analysis’ and refers to a series of research projects at ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) which produced various datasets. In addition to the analysis of the wind resources (reported for a 100 m height), the performances of several wind turbines, ranging from 3 to 9.5 MW, were evaluated. From the analysis of the spatial maps it was observed that the Northern part of this region presents significant wind resources, the mean wind speed values exceeding 9 m/s in some locations. On the other hand, in regard to the Southern sector, more energetic conditions are visible close to the Strait of Gibraltar and to the Gulf of Lion. Nevertheless, from the analysis of the data corresponding to these two Southern nearshore points it was observed that the average wind speed was lower than 8 m/s in both summer and winter months. Regarding the considered wind turbines, the capacity factor did in general not exceed 20%—however, we did observe some peaks that could reach to 30%. Finally, it can be highlighted that the Northern part of the Spanish continental nearshore is significant from the perspective of extracting offshore wind energy, especially considering the technologies based on floating platforms. Furthermore, because of the clear synergy between wind and wave energy, which are characteristic to this coastal environment, an important conclusion of the present work is that the implementation of joint wind–wave projects might be effective in the Northwestern side of the Iberian nearshore.

Simulations over eight years of continuous surface oil spills around Cuba are carried out to identify the most likely stranding (beaching) locations. The open source Lagrangian oil drift model OpenOil is applied with high resolution hydrodynamic forcing. The actual fraction of the released oil mass reaching different regions is calculated, revealing small differences between a light and a heavy crude oil type. Similar stranding rates for the two oil types are found. Another important conclusion is that, due to the high temporal variability in stranding rates, short term simulations of a few weeks are not suitable to assess environmental risk. The highest stranding rates are simulated in winter in Northern Cuba. It is also found that oil could reach Northern Cuba, Yucatan or Florida in about 3–5 days after a spill. publishedVersion

This chapter shows that temperature measurement yields valuable bulk indications of the condition of an electrical machine using simple sensors and narrow bandwidth (

Resumen: Se presenta un modelo bioplasmático-quiral que caracteriza la cabeza humana y analiza su comportamiento cuando es radiada por las microondas de sistemas inalámbricos. La técnica del método de las diferencias finitas en el dominio del tiempo permite calcular numéricamente los campos electromagnéticos y simular la tasa de absorción especifica. Los resultados se obtuvieron para el corte 35 del modelo de imágenes de resonancia magnética. La conclusión más importante de nuestro trabajo es que, considerando que el tejido cerebral es un bioplasma quiral, se produce mayor absorción, respecto de los modelos clásicos, de la radiación de microonda que emiten los sistemas WiFi y Wi-Max. Abstract: A chiral-bioplasma model that characterizes the human head and analyzes its behavior when it is radiated by the microwave of wireless systems is presented. The technique of the method of finite differences in the domain of time allows numerical calculation of electromagnetic fields and simulates the specific absorption rate. The results were obtained for section 35 of the magnetic resonance imaging model. The most important conclusion of our work is that, considering that the brain tissue is a chiral bioplasma, there is greater absorption, compared to the classic models, of the microwave radiation emitted by the WiFi and Wi-Max systems.

New York City has been rightly characterized as the epicenter of the coronavirus pandemic in the United States. Just one month after the first cases of coronavirus infection were reported in the city, the burden of infected individuals with serious complications of COVID-19 has already outstripped the capacity of many of the city’s hospitals. As in the case of most pandemics, scientists and public officials don’t have complete, accurate, real-time data on the path of new infections. Despite these data inadequacies, there already appears to be sufficient evidence to conclude that the curve in New York City is indeed flattening. The purpose of this report is to set forth the evidence for – and against – this preliminary but potentially important conclusion. Having examined the evidence, we then inquire: if the curve is indeed flattening, do we know what caused to it to level off?

SummaryThe purpose of the present paper is to present simple estimation and prediction methods for basic quantities in an emerging epidemic like the ongoing covid-10 pandemic. The simple methods have the advantage that relations between basic quantities become more transparent, thus shedding light to which quantities have biggest impact on predictions, with the additional conclusion that uncertainties in these quantities carry over to high uncertainty also in predictions.A simple non-parametric prediction method for future cumulative case fatalities, as well as future cumulative incidence of infections (assuming a given infection fatality risk f), is presented. The method uses cumulative reported case fatalities up to present time as input data. It is also described how the introduction of preventive measures of a given magnitude ρ will affect the two incidence predictions, using basic theory of epidemic models. This methodology is then reversed, thus enabling estimation of the preventive magnitude ρ, and of the resulting effective reproduction number RE. However, the effects of preventive measures only start affecting case fatalities some 3-4 weeks later, so estimates are only available after this time has elapsed. The methodology is applicable in the early stage of an outbreak, before, say, 10% of the community have been infected.Beside giving simple estimation and prediction tools for an ongoing epidemic, another important conclusion lies in the observation that the two quantities f (infection fatality risk) and ρ (the magnitude of preventive measures) have very big impact on predictions. Further, both of these quantities currently have very high uncertainty: current estimates of f lie in the range 0.2% up to 2% ([9], [7]), and the overall effect of several combined preventive measures is clearly very uncertain.The two main findings from the paper are hence that, a) any prediction containing f, and/or some preventive measures, contain a large amount of uncertainty (which is usually not acknowledged well enough), and b) obtaining more accurate estimates of in particular f, should be highly prioritized. Seroprevalence testing of random samples in a community where the epidemic has ended are urgently needed.

The important conclusion that ctDNA is a mediocre proxy for liquid biopsies of tumor tissues for early detection was reached after new data were published recently in Nature Genetics. These data have shown that most mutations found in ctDNA are not related to tumor tissues but rather to the precancerous condition clonal hematopoiesis. Previously, our group has analyzed the sensitivity of the ctDNA test for early detection of cancer and concluded that the achievable sensitivity, especially for small tumors, is not enough to have clinical value. Now, the new data have shown a serious compromise in specificity. We believe that scientists who are interested in early cancer diagnostics should be aware of the limitations of this test, in both sensitivity and specificity. Our work may prompt further work aiming to alleviate these important issues in the cancer diagnostics field.

Organisms adjust their size according to temperature and supposedly also respond to its negative covariate, oxygen. To what extent is size a response to temperature or oxygen? We analyzed the thermo-oxygenic niche for the community of 188 rotifer species. Evolution toward ranges of thermal tolerance occurred separately from evolution toward their optima. Body size was adjusted to both temperature and oxygen, but the cues for body size response differed; size was either driven by optimal temperatures or by the oxygen tolerance range. Animals are clearly separated into generalists or specialists, and their evolutionary body size adjustment is realized through differential responses to environmental factors. Oxygen is as important as temperature in the evolution of body size and ecological niche preference. An important conclusion from this study is that oxygen deprivation following global warming seems to be as problematic for the studied organisms as the temperature increase itself.

Using the new version of the SOLPS plasma boundary code package, SOLPS-ITER, this paper presents the first ever simulations of the ITER burning baseline H-mode edge plasma with drifts and currents activated. Neon (Ne) seeded discharges for divertor power dissipation are considered. The results for divertor and scrape-off layer (SOL) parameters with and without drifts are compared, both for the SOLPS-ITER simulations and against the earlier SOLPS-4.3 modelling (which did not include a drift description) constituting the bulk of the existing ITER divertor simulation database. Whereas the drift effect on the equatorial midplane (main chamber) density and temperature profiles is moderate, drifts increase the peak heat flow to the outer divertor target. This effect is more pronounced for regimes with low sub-divertor neutral pressure, when even drift-free SOLPS4.3 simulations find strong out-in target power asymmetries. An important conclusion is thus that if ITER operates as expected with partially detached divertor targets, drifts should not influence the power handling, but that in the case of divertor reattachment, they will act to worsen the target loading, increasing the need for development of reliable schemes for detachment control. Comparing SOLPS-4.3 and SOLPS-ITER results for the key peak target heat flux versus sub-divertor neutral pressure operating domain, SOLPS-ITER with drifts predicts a narrower operational window for the divertor pressure.

In this chapter, the phenomenon of bubbling in gas-solid fluidized beds is investigated in detail via the CFD-DEM method, and some comparisons are made with the experiment. A compressible fluid code is used in preference to the more usual pressure-driven methods employed in CFD-DEM. This method has some advantages, especially as one aspect studied here is the propagation of information via pressure waves, which limits the time step to an acoustic timescale. For the particles simulated (i.e., relatively large, Geldart D particles), it appears that as if there are no low-speed waves propagating through the medium, as has been suggested for smaller particles. The simulated pressure and voidage fluctuations are comparable to those measured experimentally. An important conclusion of this chapter is that pressure fluctuations measured at a point in the bed cannot easily be correlated with single events, except in the case where the bed is dominated by, for example, the motion of a single bubble.

La presente tesis doctoral con título “La influencia del profesor de Educación Física en la motivación hacia la práctica de ejercicio físico y promoción de hábitos de vida saludables y dieta mediterránea durante la adolescencia” corresponde a un compendio de publicaciones previamente presentadas en las más prestigiosas revistas de ámbito internacional Nutrients y Sustainability. Este trabajo se ha realizado en la Universidad de Burgos en colaboración con la universidad de Almería. Según la OMS el 80% de los adolescentes no practica ningún deporte. A través de cuestionarios realizados por 2000 alumnos de centros públicos y concertados de Burgos y Almería, se valida la hipótesis objeto del presente estudio, alcanzándose como conclusión mas importante, que el rol de profesor de educación física a través de la motivación, es fundamental para que los adolescentes tengan hábitos alimenticios saludables, como la dieta mediterránea y realicen actividad física regularmente., The present doctoral thesis titled "The influence of the Physical Education teacher in the motivation towards the practice of physical exercise and promotion of healthy habits as well as Mediterranean diet during adolescence" corresponds to a compendium of publications previously in the most prestigious magazines of International Nutrients and Sustainability. This work has been carried out at the University of Burgos in collaboration with the University of Almería. According to the WHO, 80% of adolescents do not practice any sport. Through questionnaires carried out by 2000 students from public and public schools in Burgos and Almería, the hypothesis object of the present study is validated, reaching the most important conclusion that the role of the physical education teacher through motivation is fundamental for that adolescents have healthy eating habits, such as the Mediterranean diet and physical physical activity.

The purpose of this paper is to design a personalized package using double gray cardboard. In the process of packaging design proofing and in some cases, personalized packaging production of small quantity, the use of high-density boards can cause disadvantages such as high cost and long production cycle due to the heavy reliance on mechanical equipment and complicated processes. This paper proposes the use of double-layer double-gray cardboard for the design of a unique packaging structure. By testing its compressive strength and tear strength, a complete and feasible personalized packaging design is obtained. The research method is by systematic experiments. By comparing the compressive strength increment of double-layer double-gray cardboard and single-layer double-gray paperboard, the compressive strength difference between the two materials of the same thickness is compared, and the practical feasibility is evaluated. The results indicate that the double-layer double-gray paperboard has twice the compressive strength and tear strength than the single-layer double-gray paperboard, which is close to the high-density board of the same thickness, and the process is simple and easy to operate. The important conclusion is that the use of double-gray cardboard for packaging design proofing and personalized packaging production of small quantity has important practical significance.

With the use of analytically simulated gluon string potential the approximate solution of Schrodinger's equation for the three quarks (baryons) system is given. The baryon mass spectrum, which is in a good agreement with experimental baryon masses, is obtained. The results obtained make it possible to draw an important conclusion about the nonrelativistic masses nature of elementary particles.

This chapter problematizes the link between passion and entrepreneurship by departing from the established construct of “entrepreneurial passion”. We stress the need of revising the concept of “entrepreneurial passion” because it is very broad and problematic in its application. We use an empirical illustration of a case where an entrepreneur’s passion assumes extreme forms, to reinterpret both passion and entrepreneurship, and offer then an alternative view on the connections between these two key concepts. An important conclusion of our study is that passion, entrepreneurship and business do not necessarily go well together as posited by the construct of “entrepreneurial passion”.

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected spin configurations with particle-like properties, currently receiving considerable attention as a potential route for novel data storage and spintronics applications. In this work, the spin distributions in monoatomic-thin Gadolinium square-shaped nanoislands are theoretically investigated using the atomistic spin dynamics simulations. The most important conclusion drawn from our analysis is that monoatomic-thin Gadolinium square-shaped nanoislands exhibit a magnetic phase transition: spin-spiral configurations to round Neel-type skyrmions for an applied magnetic field of 1.5T (T for Tesla) and temperatures of 20 K (K for Kelvin). Furthermore, our findings confirm that skyrmion number, size, and shape is sensitive to the applied magnetic field. The appearance of skyrmions in a technologically relevant rare-earth element like Gadolinium could potentially revolutionize skyrmionics.

This paper aims at presenting the activities of Nur al-Din Mahmud Zengi in Damascus and Manbij, through both diplomatic and military means. He competed with the Crusaders in controlling Damascus and was successful in brining it under his control, which had many consequences in consolidating his strength in the region. One of the most important being the transfer of sovereignty from the Buri to Atabak dynasty. This brought him closer to achieving his goal of uniting Syria with Egypt and thus widen the horizons of Jihad against the Crusaders. Also controlling Damascus had another impact on severing the alliance between the Toghtekin with the Crusaders. In dealing with the local population Nur al-Din resorted to the implementation of a wise policy based on munificence and distancing himself from any bloodshed. This is together with his eagerness on constructing Damascus and making it a symbol of Islamic civilization. As for the region of al-Jazeera (Mesopotamia) Nur al-Din was able to bring many of its cities and citadels under his control and particularly the city of Manbij. In this paper a historical methodological approach was adopted based on description, comparison and analysis of sources. The paper’s most important conclusion is that, Nur al-Din’s control over Damascus broke the barrier that separated the north and south of Syria.

Bare conditionals, I argue, exhibit Conditional Duality in that when they appear in downward entailing environments they differ from bare conditionals elsewhere in having existential rather than universal force. Two recalcitrant phenomena are shown to find a new explanation under this thesis: bare conditionals under only, and bare conditionals in the scope of negative nominal quantifiers, or what has come to be known as Higginbotham’s puzzle. I also consider how bare conditionals behave when embedded under negation, arguing that such conditionals often involve denial negation. One important conclusion that emerges from the discussion is that an account of bare conditionals that validates Conditional Excluded Middle is not warranted. By limiting the scope of the (variably) strict analysis Conditional Duality is also a way of maintaining such an account.

The paper continues create a new approach to rating methodology: in addition to two papers, which have considered the creditworthiness of the non–finance issuers (Brusov et al ., 2018c,d), we develop here a new approach to project rating. We work within investment models, created by authors. One of them describes the effectiveness of investment project from perspective of equity capital owners, while other model describes the effectiveness of investment project from perspective of equity capital and debt capital owners. The important features of current consideration as well as in previous studies are: 1) The adequate use of discounting of financial flows virtually not used in existing rating methodologies, 2) The incorporation of rating parameters (financial "ratios"), used in project rating, into considered modern investment models. Analyzing within these investment models with incorporated rating parameters the dependence of NPV on rating parameters (financial "ratios") at different values of equity cost k 0 , at different values of credit rates k d as well as at different values of leverage level L we come to very important conclusion, that NPV in units of NOI ( NPV / NOI ) (as well as NPV in units of D (( NPV / D ) depends only on equity cost k 0 , on credit rates k d , on leverage level L as well as on one of the leverage ratios l j (on one of the coverage ratios i j ) and does not depend on equity value S , debt value D and NOI . This means that obtained results on the dependence of NPV (in units of NOI ) ( NPV / NOI ) on leverage ratios l j (as well as on the dependence of NPV (in units of D ) ( NPV / NOI ) on coverage ratios i j ) at different equity costs k 0 , at different credit rates k d , at different leverage levels L carry the universal character: these dependencies remain valid for investment projects with any equity value S , any debt value D and any NOI .

The paper is aimed to study the Conetext of artistic dimensions in the ornaments of Imam Ali Holy Shrine; the study included four chapters, the first chapter about the problem statement identified by the following questioning: What are the artistic dimensions in Conetext of Imam Ali Holy Shrines? Then the significance of the study and the need for it, and the goal came to find out the Conetext of artistic dimensions in the ornaments of Imam Ali Holy Shrines, and then the study identified the substantive, temporal and spatial boundaries, as well as the definition of terms that are related to the study. The literature review Chapter 2 included the ornaments functions and its aesthetic as well as the expression in these ornaments, the Chapter concluded of some benchmarks. As for the Third Chapter, the researcher has applied a descriptive analytical method. The population was 103 models; while sampling was %20 according to appropriate research justifications. The most outstanding search results: The Muslim artist adopted on porcelain material as it has a construction function, as well as its aesthetic dimension in order to remove the sizing and search for flatness which leads eventually to abstract. Also, the most important conclusion was: The functional dimension in the ornaments of Imam Ali Holy Shrines is supported by accurate structural machine which depends on stylistic shaping of the elements and principles that achieve aesthetic or structural purpose. The researcher offered some important recommendations and proposals such as: Studying of structural design system of Islamic ornaments in the Holy Shrines.

In this work, twenty-three pieces of high-fired glazed samples from the archaeological excavations of the Dong Xia sites in Russia's Primorye region were studied. In addition to visual observation, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques were jointly applied to the analysis of the chemical composition and microstructure of the samples. The major emphasis was placed on the provenance identification of the white, opalescent glazed, and celadon samples. Seven excavated fine whiteware samples were confirmed as the products from the Ding Kiln in the Jin Dynasty, and nine samples as the Jun-series wares. The most important conclusion out of the study is that two celadon samples with opaque glaze were proved to be the Ru Kiln wares. This finding implies that the Ru ware is identified for the first time in the Dong Xia sites of Russia's Primorye region. This work is a successful case of interdisciplinary cooperation in the medieval archaeometry of the Far East.

espanolSe presentan los resultados de un estudio comparativo entre tres sistemas de clasificacion de suelos finos: Sistema Unificado de Clasificacion de Suelos (SUCS), American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHTO) y una nueva clasificacion de suelos basada en la sensibilidad electrica [1]. La nueva clasificacion utiliza parametros como la sensibilidad quimica del suelo y propiedades en los fluidos de poro que no han sido tenidos en cuenta por los metodos de clasificacion que en la actualidad se utilizan en la Geotecnia. Estos tres metodos se aplican a muestras de suelos derivados de cenizas volcanicas, que son de particular interes en la region andina de Colombia por ser un suelo de ocurrencia comun, en una de las zonas con mas densidad de poblacion del pais. Como conclusion importante del estudio se obtuvo que una clasificacion de suelo basado en la sensibilidad electrica de las particulas describe mejor el comportamiento plastico de suelos derivados de ceniza volcanica, mejorando finalmente la solucion de ingenieria seleccionada. EnglishIt is presented the results of a comparative study of three classification systems for fine soils: The Unified System of Soil Classification (USCS), American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHTO) and a new soil classification based on electrical sensitivity [1]. The new classification uses parameters such as chemical sensitivity and properties in soil pore fluids that have not been taken into account by the classification methods currently used in geotechnics. These three methods are applied to samples of soils derived from volcanic ash that are of particular interest in the Andean region of Colombia to be a common occurrence groundfloor in one of the location most densely populated in the country. As an important conclusion of the study, it was obtained that a soil classification based on the electrical sensitivity of the particles better describes the plastic behavior of soils derived from volcanic ash, ultimately enhancing the selected engineering solution.

Beverage fraud involving counterfeiting of brand spirits is an increasing problem not only due to deception of the consumer but also because it poses health risks e.g. from possible methanol admixture. Suspicious spirit samples from Russia and Kenya were analysed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in comparison to authentic products. Using linear regression analysis of spectral integral values, 4 counterfeited samples from Russia and 2 from Kenya were easily identifiable with R2 < 0.7. Sensory analysis using triangle test methodology confirmed significant taste differences between counterfeited and authentic samples but the assessors were unable to correctly identify the counterfeited product in the majority of cases. An important conclusion is that consumers cannot assumed to be self-responsible when consuming counterfeit alcohol because there is no general ability to organoleptically detect counterfeit alcohol.

Synergistic effect in alloys and plasmonic effect have both been explored for increasing the efficiency of water splitting. In depth understanding and comparison of their respective contributions in certain promising systems is highly desired for catalyst development, yet rarely investigated so far. We report herein our thorough investigations on a series of highly interesting nanocomposites composed of Pt, Au and C 3 N 4 nanocomponents, which are designed to benefit from both synergistic and plasmonic effects. Detailed analyses led to an important conclusion that the contribution from the synergistic effect was at least 3.5 times that from the plasmonic effect in the best performing sample, Pt 50 Au 50 alloy decorated C 3 N 4. It showed remarkable turnover frequency of >1.6 mmol h −1 g −1 at room temperature. Our work provides physical insights for catalyst development by rationally designing samples to compare long-known synergistic effect with recently emerging, attractive plasmonic effect and represents the first case study in the field.

The author in any case primarily intended to examine "the usage of inscriptions in the religious practice," paying special attention to the "characteristics of the patterns which ruled the epigraphic production," and not the "diffusion of the cult of saints in all its aspects" (3). In particular, the observations that (1) inscriptions became "commonly used instruments of the veneration of saints" only in late antiquity (if indeed these inscriptions have been dated accurately), (2) that merely "a small range of saints" (those deemed higher up in the heavenly hierarchy and the most effective intercessors) were invoked or mentioned using uniform language, and (3) that saints and their cults were unevenly distributed throughout Asia Minor along a southwest-northeast axis (this is the "most important conclusion," according to the author, 316), do offer valuable insight into the phenomenon. Whatever other misgivings readers might have with some of Nowakowski's editorial decisions and blemishes (e.g., the inclusion of inscriptions mentioning archangels or the Virgin Mary might leave some perplexed, though the author admits they are "ontologically different" saints, 200; cf. 162, 211, 214), no future discussions on the topic can afford to ignore the material gathered in this collection.

Bank Indonesia has the desire to create a digital representation of money which is a symbol of its country's sovereignty called the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). However, CBDC also presents risks, especially in the legal aspects in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to complement the shortcomings of previous studies by carefully examining how ideally the governance and implementation of CBDC is in Indonesia, in the ius costituendum frame. The method used is normative juridical which is qualitative in nature based on library research. Data sources come from secondary data sources and tertiary data. The data were analyzed using a deductive mindset with descriptive and analytical methods. The results of the study are that the implementation of CBDC requires governance in the field of law, technology infrastructure readiness and community readiness as well as governance regarding the supervision and stability of CBDC values in Indonesi. An important conclusion from this study is the need for a legal product that regulates the implementation and protection of the community in the use of CDBC in Indonesia.

COVID-19 is affecting the development of the global economy and threatening the survival of SMEs worldwide. In light of the current situation, this paper examines the factors affecting product and process innovation in SMEs during the COVID-19 crisis. We carried out a simple random sample of 185 SME entrepreneurs in Ardakan, Iran, using a multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that experience is one of the most important factors affecting innovation. Organization size and age were negatively associated with process innovation during the current crisis. Moreover, the findings reveal that training to facilitate cooperation as well as higher commitment to R&D can lead to greater innovation. An important conclusion is that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, government efforts to encourage SMEs to create new products helped them to withstand the crisis. The study suggests that, during the COVID-19 crisis, embracing innovation as a core organizational value helped SMEs to remain competitive.

The market for lightweight fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is growing. This is seen within advanced applications for e.g. aeronautics, modern ship vessels and railway vehicles. FRPs are often used to save weight, but the downside is that they are ignitable, which implies a potential higher fire risk. It is thus important to thoroughly characterise the material properties of FRPs, including the fire performance, in order to ensure a high safety level. Fire performance testing is made with newly produced materials to show the conformance to required standard test. However, the impact of ageing on the fire performance of materials and products is not mandatory information and hardly ever known. This is still an overlooked matter that is important to address for combustible materials in transport applications, where the requirements of personal safety are especially high. Accelerated ageing is a method to expose materials and products to various environmental parameters for a simulation of long-term usage. Within a few days, weeks or months the damage and degradation of the materials can occur, which normally would be after years in normal climate and after normal usage. Fire performance testing of test samples subjected to accelerated ageing would potentially give important information on the long-term safety of the end-use application of FRPs. The objective of this paper is twofold. One is to find out if the industry, society and research need to deal with the effect of ageing on materials in relation to fire safety as this is not dealt with in fire regulations. And further to identify the state-of-the-art of accelerated ageing methods relevant for Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials. In summary, the findings in the literature were limited of reported ageing effects of FRPs, with respect to the fire behaviour. An important conclusion is that there is a major lack of knowledge regarding material aging and fire behaviour, especially for FRPs. However, the identified ageing studies showed that both fire and mechanical properties were affected by ageing. The accelerated ageing methods described in literature was not consequently applied. The ageing methods were special designed for each study and application of material. All methods need a proper validation applying real time ageing.

The global market of food supplements is growing rapidly with a large turnover. Fish oil supplements represent a significant part of this turnover as they are believed to have important health benefits. Conversely, there are few papers in the literature about the quality control of fish oil capsules. As prior studies illustrate, a perfect agreement with the label is rarely found, and in some isolated cases, large amounts of soybean oil are also detected, indicating a true adulteration rather than a non-compliance with the label. None of the available studies refer to the Italian market, which ranks first in Europe in the consumption of food supplements. In this present communication, a quality control of fish-oil-based supplements from the Italian market was carried out for the first time. With minor deviations, all results showed substantial agreement with the label. However, the most important conclusion from this research is that compliance with the label is not enough to judge a product of good quality. The analysis of the overall fatty acid composition showed that some supplements have a high level of saturated fatty acids, and therefore they did not undergo a proper purification process. This may represent a safety issue since the purification process also allows the removal of toxic contaminants.

In recent years, traditional power systems have undergone a significant transition, mainly related to the massive penetration of renewable generation. More specifically, the transformation of residential consumers into prosumers has been challenging the existing operation of the electricity market. This transition brings new challenges and opportunities to the power system, leading to new business models. One widely discussed change is related to a consumer-centric or prosumer-driven approach, promoting increased participation of small consumers in power systems. The present paper aims at discussing the recent business models as enablers of the increasing prosumers’ role. To do so, it defines the main features of prosumers and their related regulation as well as possible market designs within power systems. In addition, it discusses enabling technologies to properly create the conditions that sustain new prosumer-driven markets. Then, it presents a comprehensive review of existing and innovative business models and a discussion on their future roles in modern power systems. Moreover, a set of recommendations for promoting these business models in the power system is provided. An important conclusion is that, even though economically possible, not all innovative business models can spread around the world due to regulatory obstacles.

The Kibble balance is expected to become an important instrument in the near future for realizing the unit of mass, the kilogram, in the revised international system of units (SI). The Kibble balance assumes an equality of two magnetic profiles measured in the weighing and velocity phases. A recent study conducted in the Kibble balance group at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) showed that the coil current could significantly affect the magnetic profile, which should be carefully taken into account in the Kibble balance experiment. This paper gives a deeper understanding and investigation of the effect, and discusses the magnetic profile change due to the coil current, for both the classical two-mode and the one-mode Kibble balances. The coil current effect has been theoretically and experimentally investigated based on a typical magnet design with an air gap. One important conclusion found in the one-mode Kibble balance is that the magnetic profile change measured in the velocity phase is twice the change in the weighing phase. A compensation suggestion, to minimize the profile change due to the coil current in a BIPM-type magnet, is presented.