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Background: Palliative care is comprehensive supportive care addressing the suffering, pain, discomfort, symptoms, and stress of cancer and any serious life-threatening disease. It is a key part of care for our children living with cancer and is an important source of support for their families. The study aimed to assess the perception of pediatric oncology family care providers toward palliative care and its perceived barriers in Egypt.Method: Total number of 500 oncology children's family care providers was recruited. A descriptive research design was utilized. Researchers used three tools as Structured Interview Questionnaire to assess the participants' knowledge and perceived barriers, Attitude toward palliative care Likert Scale, and Reported Practices Observational Checklist. The study was conducted in outpatient cancer clinics affiliated with El-Nasr governmental hospital located at Port Said governorate.Results: 51.8% of the total oncology children's family care providers had sufficient knowledge, 78.6% had a positive attitude, while,76.8% of them had inappropriate Practice towards palliative care.Significance Of Results: The pediatric oncology family care providers had sufficient knowledge and a positive attitude toward palliative care, but their practices were inappropriate. Also, the majority of participants identified Lack of family care providers training in pediatric palliative care and improper communication between the health team and family care providers as the main barriers to providing palliative care to children. Providing a palliative care training program for family caregivers through continuing professional development is highly recommended besides further research studies using large probability samples at different settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A human is exposed to a chemical mixture rather than a single chemical, particularly with the wide spread of nanomaterials. Therefore, the present study evaluated the combined exposure of lead acetate (Pb) and zinc oxide‐nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) compared to each metal alone on the thyroid gland of adult rats. A total of 30 adult male albino rats were divided into four groups, group I (control), group II received Pb (10 mg/kg), group III received ZnO‐NPs (85 mg/kg) and group IV co‐administrated the two metals in the same previous doses. The materials were gavaged for 8 weeks. The toxicity was assessed through several biochemical parameters. Our results revealed significant body weight reduction relative to increased thyroid weights, decreased both of serum‐free triiodothyronine (FT3), tetra‐iodothyronine (FT4), increased thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), increased serum and thyroid levels of Pb and zinc, significant elevation in tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), reduction in interleukin 4 (IL4), upregulation of Bax, and downregulation of Bcl‐2 genes. Additionally, there was significant overexpression of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2(Nrf2), 8‐Hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8‐OHdG), the elevation of tissues malondialdehyde (MDA), reduction of tissues total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and disruptive thyroid structural alterations in all metals groups with marked changes in the combined metals group. In conclusion, the combined exposure of Pb and ZnO‐NPs induced pronounced toxic thyroid injury, pointing to additive effects in rats than the individual metal effects through different significant changes of disruptive thyroid structural alterations related to the loading of thyroid tissues with Pb and zinc metals producing oxidative stress that mediated inflammation and apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Osteoporosis is a crucial health concern, common in older people regardless of their gender. Improving knowledge about osteoporosis raises awareness among older adults. The aims of this study were to assess the older adults knowledge and beliefs about osteoporosis based on their socio-demographic characteristics; and, to examine the effectiveness of the educational program on their knowledge and health beliefs. Design: Quasi-experimental research design was used. Methods: The study utilized a one-group pretest-posttest design with a convenience sample of 200 older adults, 75.5% of them were females. Data were collected using Osteoporosis Knowledge Test scale (OKT) and Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale (OHBS). Results: The findings showed that there was significant increase in knowledge scores after the implementation of the educational program. Furthermore, there was a benefit of calcium intake and significant difference in regard to participants gender, and level of education. Discussion: The intervention of our study has led to an increase in knowledge about osteoporosis among the studied older adults after the program. This result is consistent with many other studies on the education and exercise programs to improve osteoporosis knowledge of older adults. Conclusion: The educational program has positively affected the older adults patients knowledge, attitude, and belief in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histamine- producing bacteria may be associated with much irritable bowel disease. The present study was feces samples for histamine producing bacteria (HPB) isolation. Detection was depended on Niven's medium that out of 30 bacterial samples, only 21 isolates were positive for histamine production. The bacterial species were identified by Vitek2 –compact results. E.coli species were selected for present study. Vitek2 –compact device was used to study the sensitivity of bacterial isolates against 16 antibiotic. Most E.coli species were resistant to beta- Lactamaes (Ampicillin/Sulbactam Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin), and sensitive to Trimethoprim (100%. The study showed that E.coli have histidine decarboxylase enzyme that has the ability to produce histamine and the occurrence of the disease, which is considered a virulence factor. The concentration of histamine was detected by HPLC technique (21.01 μg/ml. There are various factors that affect the bacterial production of histamine were detected include pH, salt and temperature. E.coli proportion to the concentration of histamine in pH (6) 21.41 Histamine- producing bacteria may be associated with much irritable bowel disease. The present study was feces samples for histamine producing bacteria (HPB) isolation. Detection was depended on Niven's medium that out of 30 bacterial samples, only 21 isolates were positive for histamine production. The bacterial species were identified by Vitek2 –compact results. E.coli species were selected for present study. Vitek2 –compact device was used to study the sensitivity of bacterial isolates against 16 antibiotic. Most E.coli species were resistant to beta- Lactamaes (Ampicillin/Sulbactam Ampicillin and Ciprofloxacin), and sensitive to Trimethoprim (100%. The study showed that E.coli have histidine decarboxylase enzyme that has the ability to produce histamine and the occurrence of the disease, which is considered a virulence factor. The concentration of histamine was detected by HPLC technique (21.01 μg/ml. There are various factors that affect the bacterial production of histamine were detected include pH, salt and temperature. E.coli proportion to the concentration of histamine in pH (6) 21.41μl/mg and less at a temperature 40℃ was 4.82 μl/mg.l/mg and less at a temperature 40℃ was 4.82 μl/mg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to charge the microbial consignment of uncooked meat samples collected from the slaughtered animals of Basrah abattoir. In this, study fifty raw meat samples (25 meat Cow and 25 meat Sheep). In the present study, the pathogenic bacteria were identified as Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens by 16S rDNA. This has a specific suggestion beginning the Public Health point of sight. The result designates considerable attendance of microbial contaminants in the meat where a shortage of correct hygiene in the slaughtered. The specimen (2) were diagnosed by amplifying universal primer of 16SrDNA. Sequence information is analyzed by (NCBI) program. Sequence results showed the dominance of Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Though linked with a favorable overall survival rate, the heterogeneity of NMIBC (non-muscle invasive bladder cancer) has an effect on patients' rates of recurrence. The decision making is depended on the established pathological and clinical parameters for each individual. Therefore, to improve clinical outcome, life quality and survival rates of oncological patients, more parameters are needed to support the decision. Objectives: Analysis the prognostic potential of CHEK2, FASN and Her2/neu immunohistochemical expression in fifty cases of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer who underwent TURBT as well as adjuvant intravesical BCG with a focus on prognostication of recurrence as well as progression among NMIBC. Materials and Methods: Our study included fifty cases who had primary papillary superficial (noninvasive) TCC "transitional cell carcinoma" (Stage Ta-T1; with or without CIS of the bladder. Only the tumors containing proper detrusor muscle in biopsy were involved in this study. Between January 2016 and December 2019, the Urology department performed surgical resection. Results: Decrease or loss of CHE2 expression was reported among (56%) of the patients, which was significantly linked with tumor size, smoking, grade, multifocality and concomitant Cis. High FASN expression was demonstrated among (68%) NMIBC cases, expression was significantly linked with tumor size, smoking, grade, multifocality as well concomitant Cis. Positive Her2/neu was found in of (42%) the cases, and the expression was significantly linked with tumor size, smoking, grade, multifocality and concomitant carcinoma in situ. The overall disease-free survival was significantly correlated with low expression of CHEK2 and positive Her2neu. Conclusion: Loss of CHEK2, high FASN and positive Her2/neu in the biopsies of noninvasive "superficial" urothelial carcinomas is an independent predictor of tumor progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common type of cutaneous lymphoma. The early stage of MF is a difficult diagnostic case, as it is often confused with many benign inflammatory dermatoses (BID). The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of TOX, FOXP3, CDD4 and GATA3 in differentiating early stages of MF from histologically overlapping BID lesions., Material and Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed, in which immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate the expression of TOX, FOXP3, CD4 and GATA3 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections of skin lesions from 30 cases with BID and 30 patients with early-stage MF., Results: The association between TOX expression and early-stage MF was statistically significant (P < 0.001). TOX had the highest sensitivity of 96.77% and accuracy of 85.71% in diagnosis of MF; followed by CD4 with sensitivity of 85.71% and accuracy of 78.95%; and then, GATA3 with sensitivity of 76.7% and finally FOXP3 with sensitivity of 70.0%., Conclusion: TOX is suggested to be of higher diagnostic value in the early stages of MF than the conventionally used CD4 and other markers examined.