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Technological advances have the potential to support educational partnerships between schools and parents. While the positive benefits of technology for these partnerships have been reported in the literature, there is still incomprehension about how to best use this technology to meet the needs of Indigenous parents. Given the intergenerational impacts of colonisation, socioeconomic stress, structural barriers in schooling, and other critical challenges experienced by Indigenous parents, the use of technology as a tool for partnering with Indigenous parents requires careful consideration of their experiences. Therefore, the aim of this narrative review was to describe key attributes of the use of technology in home-school partnerships with Indigenous parents. Findings revealed that technology integration was beneficial to increasing Indigenous parental engagement, as it was connected to the wellbeing and future of Indigenous young generations. However, it could also exacerbate divide, raise cultural tensions, and bring undesirable consequences. Therefore, as a practical implication, schools should embed culturally appropriate approaches when adopting technology in their partnerships with Indigenous parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We examine how mothers' characteristics are associated with forming a doubled‐up household as a host (allowing adult extended family members/nonrelatives to join their household) and guest (moving into a home owned/rented by extended family/nonrelatives). Background: Doubled‐up households are increasingly common and shape families' lives in meaningful ways. Although doubling up is often considered a response to economic need, few studies directly examine the range of characteristics that may predict entry into doubled‐up households. Method: Using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, we examine how demographic, economic and housing, and family characteristics are associated with mothers' risk of becoming doubled‐up as hosts and guests. Results: Multiple factors have independent links to doubling up, including race/ethnicity, housing assistance receipt, and socio‐economic status. Family factors are especially important; in particular, experiencing a new birth and having a young child are associated with doubling up as a guest, and romantic relationship changes are associated with doubling up as either a host or guest. Additionally, many predictors of doubling up as a host and guest differ. Finally, we find that almost one‐third of adult mothers who are doubled‐up as guests never transitioned into a doubled‐up household; rather, they remained in their childhood home. Conclusion: A full accounting of when and why families double up requires researchers to attend to mothers' needs—and changes in these needs—across multiple dimensions and to distinguish between hosts and guests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the patterns of living arrangements among older Indian adults taking into account socioeconomic and demographic factors across regions. The data was taken from the Longitudinal Ageing Survey of India (LASI wave-l)-2017-18, a nationally representative data set. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis was used to examine the variations in the living arrangement of older adults for different indicators considered. The experienced household size was 6.95, which was more significant than the national average (5.69) of all individuals in India. Male older adults lived alone and were more likely to head a household and live with a spouse than female older adults. This study contributes comprehensive information on the pattern of living arrangements of older adults. So many programmes and policies are being formulated and implemented by the government for the welfare of older adults which must be structured to meet the requirements at the root level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial from the journal "Decision" that discusses the multifaceted nature of decision-making and its implications for management practice and research. The editorial highlights several research papers included in the issue. These papers cover topics such as mental accounting and tax compliance, transparency and anti-corruption disclosure in organizations, the performance of ESG portfolios in different financial markets, the influence of personality traits on brand hate, cognitive dissonance in mobile application use, the impact of intergenerational households on fertility decisions, and the feasibility of a national cervical cancer screening program powered by artificial intelligence. The editorial emphasizes the importance of understanding the diverse factors that affect decision-making and the need for novel approaches to studying them. [Extracted from the article]

Family investment in education is an important variable influencing the educational attainment of children. Family investment in education is influenced by family income, and the increase in family income gap will aggravate the inequity of education and enhance the degree of intergenerational transmission of education. But the above theories need to be further tested in reality. This paper uses the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) to verify the role of Chinese family income on intergenerational transmission of education through the education transition matrix and the mediating effect model, and examines the effect of college expansion policy on the mediating effect of family income on intergenerational transmission of education. The results show that: (1) The education level of parents has obvious transmissibility to the education level of children. The solidification rate of intergenerational transmission of education between parents and children is 25.72%, the upward mobility rate is 60.58% and the downward mobility rate is 13.70%. (2) The mediating effect model shows that the total effect of the parents' education level on children's education level is 0.279 and the direct effect is 0.272, and the family income plays a mediating effect in the intergenerational transmission of education, and the mediating degree reaches about 2.6%. (3) The expansion of higher education provides more opportunities for children of society, especially lower-middle-income families, to receive higher education, which weakens the mediating effect of family income in the intergenerational transmission of education. The findings of this paper provide support for policymakers to increase public investment in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the past several decades, the number of Americans living in multigenerational homes has been steadily increasing. Multigenerational families may choose to live together for a variety of reasons; for example, some families achieve greater economic security by combining generations into one household, while others may wish to live together in order to better care for children or elder relatives. Furthermore, multigenerational families are often demographically distinct from other family structures, due to economic, geographic, and cultural factors. Yet, despite the growing number of Americans living in multigenerational homes, and the unique characteristics of multigenerational families, there is still no widely accepted definition of the multigenerational family. This Note addresses the need for a standardized definition of the multigenerational family. It describes the varying definitions of the multigenerational family, analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of these definitions, and argues that a standardized definition would help policymakers better understand the unique needs of multigenerational families. Finally, the Note proposes a model, standardized definition of the multigenerational family, which governments, organizations, and individuals can use as a helpful guideline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Ethnic differences in the risk of severe COVID-19 may be linked to household composition. We quantified the association between household composition and risk of severe COVID-19 by ethnicity for older individuals. Methods With the approval of NHS England, we analysed ethnic differences in the association between household composition and severe COVID-19 in people aged 67 or over in England. We defined households by number of age-based generations living together, and used multivariable Cox regression stratified by location and wave of the pandemic and accounted for age, sex, comorbidities, smoking, obesity, housing density and deprivation. We included 2 692 223 people over 67 years in Wave 1 (1 February 2020–31 August 2020) and 2 731 427 in Wave 2 (1 September 2020–31 January 2021). Results Multigenerational living was associated with increased risk of severe COVID-19 for White and South Asian older people in both waves [e.g. Wave 2, 67+ living with three other generations vs 67+-year-olds only: White hazard ratio (HR) 1.61 95% CI 1.38–1.87, South Asian HR 1.76 95% CI 1.48–2.10], with a trend for increased risks of severe COVID-19 with increasing generations in Wave 2. There was also an increased risk of severe COVID-19 in Wave 1 associated with living alone for White (HR 1.35 95% CI 1.30–1.41), South Asian (HR 1.47 95% CI 1.18–1.84) and Other (HR 1.72 95% CI 0.99–2.97) ethnicities, an effect that persisted for White older people in Wave 2. Conclusions Both multigenerational living and living alone were associated with severe COVID-19 in older adults. Older South Asian people are over-represented within multigenerational households in England, especially in the most deprived settings, whereas a substantial proportion of White older people live alone. The number of generations in a household, number of occupants, ethnicity and deprivation status are important considerations in the continued roll-out of COVID-19 vaccination and targeting of interventions for future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the changing living arrangements of older households in the United States over the past 50 years. It highlights the increasing trend of seniors aging in place, leading to implications for housing markets and neighborhood composition. The data shows that older households are more likely to own their homes, live in single-generation households, and have two or more spare bedrooms. The article also addresses differences between Black and White households and singles and couples in terms of homeownership rates and living arrangements. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Barriers; Facilitators; Gestational weight gain (GWG); Health behaviors; Partner; Pregnancy EN Barriers Facilitators Gestational weight gain (GWG) Health behaviors Partner Pregnancy 1 3 3 06/19/23 20230615 NES 230615 This comment refers to the article available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04929-z. Taken together and to advance we field forward; we need to understand the partner's perceived barriers and facilitators for the pregnant woman to adopt health behavior change and how to actively engage the partner in prenatal interventions to optimize overall health behaviors within the household. Body of work Barriers and facilitators to promote recommended gestational weight gain (GWG) are principal considerations in behavioral interventions targeting improvements in health behaviors of women during pregnancy. Second, their statement that partners encouraged pregnant women to overeat and that some women reported their partners as a "feeder" suggests partners have their own view of eating behavior that might change during pregnancy. [Extracted from the article]

Numerous studies examine the power relations between the heterosexual couple through their time spent on domestic chores and which chore they do. They find that women tend to spend more time on housework than men, and some domestic chores, such as cooking, are regarded as women's duty. While the investigation into household chores has broadened its cultural and ethnic scope, it still focuses on nuclear families without considering the influence of the couple's extended family members and overlooks other household types, such as multigenerational households. By examining Taiwanese married heterosexual couples' living and housework arrangements through semi-structured interviews, I find that the distance between the households of the couple and their parents-in-law influences the way the couple share housework. While women still tend to take greater responsibilities in household chores, forming a nuclear family far away from the husband's parents gives the couple opportunities to negotiate housework and share it more equally. On the other hand, female family members share and trade domestic chores, and husbands are excused from most of the chores when the couple live with the parents of either side. My study suggests that couples' living arrangements and their relationships with extended family members should be considered in the examination of spousal power dynamics, especially in cultures where the older generation is highly respected. Further studies on the power relations between family members, particularly between the couple and their parents, in various living arrangements are recommended for better understanding of family gender relations. Supplemental data for this article is available online at at http://doi:10.1080/0966369X.2021.1974355. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that self-reported financial information differs from administrative records. This article advances previous studies by using a unique matched representative sample of individual borrowers from the Chilean Household Finance Survey with administrative banking loan records. Our linked dataset allows us to test whether the differences between the two sources are due to the number of nonreported loans or to differences in the reported loan amounts. We show that discrepancies in debt ownership are larger when respondents have a mortgage and are not the highest income member of the family, when respondents have weak financial literacy and do not have confidence in the study, and when respondents live in complex or multigenerational households. However, borrowers report the maturity of their mortgage and installment loans quite accurately. Concerning loan amounts, differences between the two sources decrease with the financial literacy of the respondent. Finally, a simple form of rounding can go a long way towards explaining differences in the middle part of the debt amount and maturity distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanisms that drive the intergenerational transmission of poverty have been studied widely, but to understand how these mechanisms are at work in real life we require studies on perspectives of families who themselves are living in poverty. In this study, we combine the perspectives of multiple generations of family households in a rural area in the Netherlands. We want to understand from their own perspective what prevents these families from escaping poverty. Twenty-three family households participated in intergenerational interviews. Results show that recurrent mechanisms were often perceived to relate to rearing practices, norm-setting and geographical mechanisms (immobility and perceived place-based stigma). Family habitus structures the mechanisms that prolong and perpetuate poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Feminist ethic of care; informal care; family relations; time-space practices; death and bereavement; ubuntu; Senegal west africa; ética feminista del cuidado; cuidado informal; relaciones familiares; prácticas espacio-temporales; muerte y duelo; Senegal; África Occidental; Éthique féministe du care; care informel; relations familiales; pratiques spatiotemporelles; mort et deuil; Sénégal Afrique occidentale EN Feminist ethic of care informal care family relations time-space practices death and bereavement ubuntu Senegal west africa ES ética feminista del cuidado cuidado informal relaciones familiares prácticas espacio-temporales muerte y duelo Senegal África Occidental FR Éthique féministe du care care informel relations familiales pratiques spatiotemporelles mort et deuil Sénégal Afrique occidentale 1174 1192 19 10/12/22 20221001 NES 221001 Introduction After her father's death, Diami (then aged 14) moved from Kaolack to Dakar to earn money to help her mother and siblings. Here, our discussion of caringscapes focuses on the role of time-space relationships in care practices and the importance of interactions between care practices and the social and physical infrastructures of care. While we do not set out to provide anything so ambitious as a "geohistory" of care practices in Senegal, we describe local geographies of care practices and explore how these are entangled with particular conceptions of how and by whom care should be done. Gendered inequalities in family care practices in South Africa have prompted some to note that Ubuntu's encouragement of communal care responsibilities through recognition of human interdependencies still supports a patriarchal division of care work (Gouws & Van Zyl, [15]). [Extracted from the article]

Intergenerational families play an important role in providing informal care and support. However, how the intergenerational living arrangements shape the time allocation of young couples remains unclear, and a more comprehensive analysis, where downward support and upward support are distinguished, is needed. Using the "2008 Chinese Time Use Survey" and the seemingly unrelated regression, we document how paid work time, housework and adult care time, and childcare time differ for working-age couples who live with none, relatively young, and relatively old parents. We find that the direction of support changes according to the age of the coresident parents. Compared with those who do not live with parents, couples who live with relatively young parents spend less time on housework and adult care, and those who live with relatively old parents have less paid work time, more housework and adult care time, and those rural wives living with elderly parents even spend less time on childcare. These findings highlight the importance of distinguishing the direction of help for studying intergenerational families and the high time cost of adult care in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to investigate the causal links between intergenerational living arrangements and marital fertility in Japan, using data from the 2010 and 2015 Japanese National Fertility Surveys (N = 1308). The results indicate that coresidence with the husband's parents is positively associated with completed marital fertility in the unmatched sample in which confounders of coresidence are not balanced between married couples who do and do not coreside with their parents. However, the propensity score matching estimators show that this association is reduced to a non-significant level once the matching technique corrects the covariate imbalance. These findings suggest that intergenerational coresidence has only limited direct effects on marital fertility in contemporary Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multigenerational housing is an arena of negotiation of familial, intergenerational, and interpersonal relationships. This article analyses these relations while focusing on the issue of home ownership. Drawing upon interviews with three generations living under the same roof, the article aims to understand the meanings of ownership and the ways ownership shapes the relationships between cohabiting family members. We show that ownership plays an ambivalent role: on the one hand it may act to legitimise and (re)produce uneven power relations between family members, while on the other it mirrors or even supports mutual dependency and altruistic intergenerational and caring relations. To illuminate these issues, we structure our debate around three key topics: 1. ownership and the legitimisation of a dominant position, 2. ownership as a burden and a source of (in)security and interdependence, and 3. ownership as a commitment to care for the former owners. We interpret these aspects in the context of particular family genealogies and their housing histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intergenerational processes in which the socioeconomic status of middle‐ and upper‐class parents is reproduced in their children have been extensively documented by social scientists. We mobilized a unique dataset, the Longitudinal and International Study of Adults (LISA) linked to income data from the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), to investigate the relevance of intergenerational socioeconomic reproduction for inequalities in self‐rated health in a national sample of Canadians aged 25 to 50. We found strong intergenerational elasticities implicating both parental education and parental family income in the acquisition of both personal education and personal family income. Parental education was not significantly associated with self‐rated health. Parental family income was significantly associated with self‐rated health among women only, partly explained by the socioeconomic status of the women themselves. These results suggest that intergenerational reproduction plays a small role in the generation of high levels of self‐rated health among Canadian women but not among Canadian men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate associations between a diabetes diagnosis and financial and instrumental transfers between parents and adult children. Data are from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a nationally representative household cohort from the USA with prospective data on diabetes and cross-sectional data on transfers for households in which the head and partner had adult children (n = 4210) or surviving parents (n = 6930). We used survey-adjusted multivariate logistic regressions to compare the probabilities of receiving and giving intergenerational transfers in households where the head and/or partner were recently diagnosed with diabetes or had diabetes-related limitations in daily activities. Households with a diabetes diagnosis in the previous 2 years were less likely than those without diabetes to give money to adult children (OR = 0.46, p < 0.01). While recent onset of diabetes was not consistently associated with receiving transfers, transfers were more likely with progressing disease: households in which the head or partner had been diagnose more than 5 years earlier were more likely to receive instrumental help from an adult child (OR = 1.24; p < 0.05); those with diabetes-related limitations were more likely to receive assistance, especially instrumental help from adult children (OR = 1.43; p < 0.01) than households without diabetes. The onset of a chronic health condition affects not only individuals' own health and financial wellbeing; it also has implications for their adult children and parents, for family relations, time allocation, and financial resources. These broader implications of chronic disease may perpetuate health and economic inequalities across generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyse the social representations of aging throughout the life cyclo, based on beliefs about aging and the image of old age. The research wah attended by four children, four adolescentes, four adults and four elderly. In order to achieve the results, stories were presented so that, through the substitution tchnique, the beliefs about what aging is worked on. The participants were then asked to draw a Picture to characterize the imagem of old age for each of them. With the analysis of the collected data, it was possible to identify common aspects in all age groups, emphasizing the negative look on the aging process, onld age and “being old”. From the results it was possible to identify that the social representation of aging directly interferes with the acceptance of this process and respect for the elderly as a citizen. It is suggested the development of policies that encourage intergenerational living and the inclusion of the elderly in social environments so that they can also have their rights preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined kinship care arrangements of older persons in a South African Muslim community. The aim was to understand kinship care in this community in the context of culturally sensitive welfare services delivery. Using a Grounded Theory approach, older persons and their caregivers living in intergenerational households were interviewed about their living and care arrangements. A societal context of family life in circumstances of a socio-historical legacy of colonialism and apartheid formed the backdrop of the research. Religion and the country's poor socio-economic conditions emerged as important drivers of kinship care. Family preservation and survival, constructed through maintaining intergenerational living, reciprocity and mutual support, and the authoritative status of the older persons in the home, characterised this environment. Kinship care was a means of fulfilling a religious duty and living in accordance with an Islamic life. However, these arrangements occurred both in support and at the expense of the older persons. Kinship care arrangements are replicated globally in both Muslim majority countries and where Muslims live as minorities in secular societies; they are not static and are influenced by societal conditions that can impact on the lives of older persons. These findings thus have relevance for Muslim communities generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architectural Journal / Jian Zhu Xue Bao is the property of Architectural Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with the trends of the contemporary family, changes in its structure in comparison with the traditionally understood multigenerational family about the weakening of the position of grandparents and thus weakening their influence on the upbringing of grandchildren in contemporary society. The theoretical analysis is supplemented by data from A. Št'astná presented in the pilot study of the Contemporary Czech Family project and from P. Vlachová's research Senior in the Czech Family focused on the position of grandparents in the family, their influence and the essential elements of the transgenerational transmission. The aim of this article is to clarify and present the essence of intergenerational learning and its importance in the family environment, and consequently to highlight the importance of developing intergenerational activities in the contemporary family between grandparents and grandchildren as an important means and tool for their social learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This article considers the ambivalence generated in familial cohabitation where adult offspring have never left or have returned to live with their parents. Background: Ambivalence is commonly used in psychology to describe contradictory emotions at the interpersonal level. Method: A thematically analyzed ethnographic study of eight cohabitating families living in North Wales, in the United Kingdom, explored both generations' perspectives on cohabitation. Results: Although our study found evidence of ambivalence at the interpersonal level, we suggest that this was drawn from a structural contradiction, namely, that although cohabitation was the result of structural issues, such as graduate underemployment and the affordable housing crisis, societal values labeled it the personal consequence of a failed adulthood. This caused these families feelings of shame and guilt that created a barrier blocking the interpersonal negotiations needed to develop more positive living arrangements and family roles. The generational contradictions in values of self, family, and society produced irreconcilable personal and political tensions. Conclusion: This study concludes that two changes are needed to better negotiate ambivalence in family cohabitation. First, the social narrative that responsibilizes young adults for their failure to attain financial and residential independence needs to be challenged. Second, to address current structural contradictions, the social contract on the provision for family social care needs political renegotiation. Implications: Building on the concept of sociological ambivalence, this article suggests that studies of ambivalence need to take a critical perspective that questions the structural forces that produce and constrain interpersonal familial relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Socialno Delo is the property of Socialno Delo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This brief study examines support for co‐residence (i.e., aging parents living with their adult children), and how age predicts support for this belief considering the rapidly aging US population. Background: Co‐residence, a form of intergenerational transfer between family members, can help facilitate care for aging parents as well as help older adults age in the community. Support for this type of co‐residence was on the rise in the 1970s and 1980s. Method: Support for co‐residence of older adults living with their adult children is estimated using 36,843 responses from the U.S. General Social Survey from 1973 to 2018. Descriptive analyses, logistic regression, and decomposition analyzes are used to test explanatory factors in trends, focusing on differences for older (age 65 and older) versus younger (under 65) respondents. Results: Older adults are less supportive than younger adults of co‐residence even as support has generally increased across time. Decomposition results show that a little over half of the difference between younger and older adults is explained by cohort replacement, with two‐fifths of the difference unexplained by social or demographic factors. Conclusion: Findings suggest that although cohort replacement has contributed to an attitude shift over time, important age differences in attitudes remain. Older adults are less supportive of co‐residence than younger adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In South Asian countries, adolescent girls are generally embedded in multigenerational households. Nevertheless, public health research continues to focus on the nuclear family and overlook the role of grandmothers in adolescent socialization and the transfer of health information. This study compares family planning knowledge of adolescent girls in households with and without a resident grandmother. Two main types of family planning knowledge were assessed: (1) modern contraceptive knowledge and (2) healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy knowledge. Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2017 Suaahara II cross-sectional survey in 16 of Nepal's 77 districts. Family planning knowledge among 769 adolescent girls was assessed and compared between those living with a grandmother (n = 330) and those not living with a grandmother (n = 439). An analysis of the relationship between co-residence and family planning knowledge was carried out using multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders and clustering. Additionally, we used the same method to analyze the association between grandmothers' family planning knowledge and that of co-resident adolescents. Results: The odds of correct adolescent modern family planning knowledge were 1.81 (95% CI = 1.27,2.58) times higher in households with a grandmother. The study also identified higher odds of adolescent knowledge of modern contraceptives in households where grandmothers also had correct knowledge (OR 2.00, 95%, CI = 0.97,4.11), although this association was not statistically significant at the 0.05 alpha level. There was insufficient evidence to support the association between grandmother's co-residency and correct adolescent knowledge of the healthy timing and spacing of pregnancy. Conclusion: This study provides support for expanding adolescent reproductive health to include the role of senior women in promoting and transmitting health care knowledge to younger women in the household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theory suggests that relationships between intergenerational coresidence and married women's subjective well-being may be either positive or negative. We extend previous research on this question in two ways: by focusing also on geographical proximity to parents(-in-law) and by examining differences in married women's well-being both between and within different types of living arrangements. Using data from a nationally representative survey of adults in Japan, we found no differences in married women's subjective well-being between living arrangements, but observed significant differences within living arrangements depending on married women's position in the household and the direction of intergenerational support transfers. Our results suggest that comparisons across living arrangements may be complicated by within-group associations with well-being and that attention to married women's position in the household and the direction of intergenerational transfers is essential for understanding how married women in Japan experience different living arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Dr. Acton's identity map as a model, students could then create identity maps for themselves (see Figure 1). Diversity Diversity is the domain that acknowledges that similarities and differences exist among students and their identities. * Examine the identities of professional scientists.Diversity* How can I use student identity maps to develop recognition of the diversity within the classroom? Given the broad, self-explanatory nature of an identity map and the openness of media choices available to students for making them, I provided a model identity map for a notable scientist to support student thinking. [Extracted from the article]

Binge drinking is associated with risky behaviours and long-term addiction. Among adolescents, binge drinking should be prevented to avoid these and other hazardous consequences. Adolescent behaviours are known to be influenced by their household and family structures. However, the association between family structure and binge drinking in developing countries remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of various family structures and sociodemographic factors on binge drinking among adolescents in South Africa. This cross-sectional study uses data from the South African National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) Wave 4 (2014/15). The study includes adolescent (15–19 years old) males and females. A total of 79,638 (35.8%) adolescents reported binge drinking. The results show that among the adolescents who binge drink, 60% are males and 40% are females. Binge drinking increases with age of the adolescents and 62% of adolescents in multigenerational households (parent(s) and grandparent(s)) binge drink. The odds of binge drinking are higher among those living with their grandparent(s) and parent(s) [OR: 1.30, p-value < 0.05], females [OR: 2.06, p-value < 0.05], those in the 'average' household income bracket [OR: 2.00, p-value < 0.05] among others. In conclusion, family structure and other socio-demographic factors are associated with binge drinking among adolescents. These results could be used to inform family-orientated programmes which address binge drinking by addressing several generations of family members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Living arrangements were prospectively linked to older adults' psychological outcomes. • The association between co-residence with adult children and psychological well-being of parents varies by parental birth cohorts. • The cohort variations were partly explained by children's socio-demographic characteristics including marital status and home ownership. • The cohort variations in older adults' psychological well-being reflect the changing economic status of children and family norms in a country that experienced rapid socioeconomic transitions. Little is known about cohort variations in the relationships between living arrangements and psychological health among older adults. The current study evaluated whether cohort differences in the intergenerational support affect the differences in the mental health benefits of multigenerational living arrangements, and how they do so. Using panel regression models with lagged variables based on South Korean data, we compared the shape of the relationships between living arrangements and psychological conditions of two cohorts of older adults. The study found birth cohort differences in older adults' psychological well-being. Among older adults in recent cohorts, living in a multigenerational household was positively associated with depression and negatively linked with life satisfaction. The cohort variations were partly explained by children's marital status and home ownership. The birth cohort variations in psychological health implications of living arrangements may reflect the changing patterns of intergenerational support and family values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brazil is among the countries hit hardest by COVID-19, and older adults are among the vulnerable groups. Intergenerational coresidence and interdependence among family members, both prevalent in Brazil, likely increase social and physical contact and thus potential infection.Methods: Using nationally representative data from the COVID-19 module of the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios), collected between July and November of 2020, we examined the association between living arrangements and exposure to and testing for COVID-19 among 63,816 Brazilians aged 60 years and older. We examine whether living arrangements influence self-reported COVID-19 symptoms as an indicator of subjective health assessment, testing as an indicator of health care service use, and a positive COVID-19 test result as an objective indicator of exposure to the disease.Results: Living arrangements shape older adults' vulnerabilities to COVID-19 exposure and testing. Specifically, those living alone were more likely to report having symptoms and having had a test for COVID-19. However, older adults in multigenerational and skipped generation households were more likely than solo-dwellers to test positive for COVID-19. Those with symptoms were more likely to test, regardless of their living arrangement. Among older adults without symptoms, those living alone had a higher probability of testing than those living in multigenerational or skipped-generation households.Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that coresidence with younger family members puts older adults' health at risk in the context of COVID-19. As younger Brazilians are increasingly vulnerable to COVID-19 and experiencing severe outcomes, policy makers need to be more attentive to the health needs of households that comprise older and younger cohorts, which are also more prevalent in poor and marginalized segments of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transmission of respiratory pathogens such as SARS- CoV- 2 depends on patterns of contact and mixing across populations. Understanding this is crucial to predict pathogen spread and the effectiveness of control efforts. Most analyses of contact patterns to date have focused on highincome settings. Methods: Here, we conduct a systematic review and individual- participant meta- analysis of surveys carried out in low- and middle- income countries and compare patterns of contact in these settings to surveys previously carried out in high- income countries. Using individual- level data from 28,503 participants and 413,069 contacts across 27 surveys, we explored how contact characteristics (number, location, duration, and whether physical) vary across income settings. Results: Contact rates declined with age in high- and upper- middle- income settings, but not in lowincome settings, where adults aged 65+ made similar numbers of contacts as younger individuals and mixed with all age groups. Across all settings, increasing household size was a key determinant of contact frequency and characteristics, with low- income settings characterised by the largest, most intergenerational households. A higher proportion of contacts were made at home in low- income settings, and work/school contacts were more frequent in high- income strata. We also observed contrasting effects of gender across income strata on the frequency, duration, and type of contacts individuals made. Conclusions: These differences in contact patterns between settings have material consequences for both spread of respiratory pathogens and the effectiveness of different non- pharmaceutical interventions. Funding: This work is primarily being funded by joint Centre funding from the UK Medical Research Council and DFID (MR/R015600/1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inequities in the burden of COVID-19 were observed early in Canada and around the world, suggesting economically marginalized communities faced disproportionate risks. However, there has been limited systematic assessment of how heterogeneity in risks has evolved in large urban centers over time.Purpose: To address this gap, we quantified the magnitude of risk heterogeneity in Toronto, Ontario from January to November 2020 using a retrospective, population-based observational study using surveillance data.Methods: We generated epidemic curves by social determinants of health (SDOH) and crude Lorenz curves by neighbourhoods to visualize inequities in the distribution of COVID-19 and estimated Gini coefficients. We examined the correlation between SDOH using Pearson-correlation coefficients.Results: Gini coefficient of cumulative cases by population size was 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.36-0.47) and estimated for: household income (0.20, 95%CI: 0.14-0.28); visible minority (0.21, 95%CI:0.16-0.28); recent immigration (0.12, 95%CI:0.09-0.16); suitable housing (0.21, 95%CI:0.14-0.30); multigenerational households (0.19, 95%CI:0.15-0.23); and essential workers (0.28, 95%CI:0.23-0.34).Conclusions: There was rapid epidemiologic transition from higher- to lower-income neighborhoods with Lorenz curve transitioning from below to above the line of equality across SDOH. Moving forward necessitates integrating programs and policies addressing socioeconomic inequities and structural racism into COVID-19 prevention and vaccination programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most migrant families, a language shift from the heritage language(s) to the dominant language takes place over generations. This shift is influenced by different factors, among which the political and societal pressure to use the mainstream language. The consequences for intergenerational family relations remain understudied. This article sheds light on how families navigate this language shift through eight three-generation family interviews (i.e. grandparent, child, grandchild; n = 24 interviewees) with migrants residing in Flanders (the northern, Dutch-speaking part of Belgium). Results show that both heritage and dominant languages are important for sentimental (i.e. opening up possibilities for a closer belonging) and instrumental reasons (i.e. multilingualism as an asset). However, the heritage languages have faded away, which is experienced as a loss. The second generation is blamed for this loss, but simultaneously has to solve the communication gap between their parents and their children by acting as a translator. We argue that this specific position of the second generations, and the burden attached to the individualised responsibility of second generations, for both learning the majority language and maintaining the heritage languages, needs further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author offers a creative braiding of stories about parenting, race, and language. The stories illuminate everyday literacies and related practices present in multilingual and multigenerational households as informed by critical race scholarship and pedagogies of the home. Implications for practice include questions for parents and educators in rethinking literacy studies in classrooms and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]