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The dimension spectrum of a conformal iterated function system (CIFS) is the set of all Hausdorff dimensions of its various subsystem limit sets. This brief note provides two constructions – (i) a compact perfect set that cannot be realized as the dimension spectrum of a CIFS; and (ii) a similarity IFS whose dimension spectrum has zero Hausdorff dimension, and thus is not uniformly perfect – which resolve questions posed by Chousionis, Leykekhman and Urbanski, and goes on to provoke fresh conjectures and questions regarding the topological and ´ metric properties of IFS dimension spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Development of a generalised mathematical model of hierarchical crystalline nanoforms of zinc oxide tetrapods produced by vapor transport synthesis under the conditions of chaotic particle dynamics. Methods and methodology. Topological analysis of nanoscale polymorphic transformations, nonlinear dynamics of self-assembled structures formation under the conditions of dynamic chaos. An algorithm to construct an attractor of an affi ne system of iterated functions with parameters determined by experimental diagnostic methods: electron microscopy, diffraction studies, and numerical methods of quantum-chemical calculations for core of hierarchical structure. Results. The classifi cation of tetrapods as a hierarchical structures was established; nanotechnological cycle of self-organization of zinc oxide tetrapods chaos - core - percolation system - crystal was determined; the tetrapod structure was mathematically identifi ed as four linked topological spaces of wurtzite crystal growth; the tetrapod formation modelling method was developed by constructing an attractor of iterated function systems; the rule of the relation linking a dot in the nonlinear stochastic dynamic system model attractor with the topological crystallisation space in the formation of the self-assembled hierarchical crystal structure was established. A theoretical approach was developed that allows creating and modifying models of three dimensional space-distributed hierarchical crystal structures characterised by novel physical and topological properties, as compared to a monocrystal, as well as controlling their form and classifying the structures by topological and symmetrical properties. Conclusion. The formation of zinc oxide tetrapods occurs in four linked topological spaces, modelled as continuous maps of a B4 crystal growth space. The transition from the sphalerite core growth to the growth of four wurtzite crystals that constitute the tetrapod hierarchical structure is considered as topological space growth disruption during a polymorphic transformation of nanoscale. The topological approach involving the affi ne iterated function systems may be applied to modelling precrystallisation stages of multipods, as well as dendritic crystal structures and fractal nanocomposites, and has the capacity to predict their morphology, geometrical and structural properties.

The present study was carried out in two agro-climatic zones of the state of Haryana in India, viz. north-eastern zone and south-western zone with the objective that how farmers approach soil-health management in nutrientdeficient soils. The outcomes have been visualised in this paper after conducting a field survey during 2018–19 of 240 farmers, who were interviewed with a well-structured interview schedule. The study found that respondents’ awareness level was good about the Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), had a rich knowledge about Integrated Farming System (IFS) and were well aware about organic farming. Major constraints faced by the respondents in INM, IFS and organic farming were ‘high fertilizer cost and manures are bulky to handle’, ‘high rate of interest on borrowings and initial cost of production’ and ‘prices are not remunerative’, respectively. The study concluded that there was a gap in awareness level of soil health management practices among the farmers. Hence, there is an immense need to motivate and encourage the farmers.

This paper presents the unique structure of a hybrid antenna with a blend of Peano–Gosper, Koch and Minkowski curves using a modified partial ground plane for multi-standard wireless applications. Initially, the Minkowski and Koch curves are amalgamated by using a versatile mathematical tool called Iterative Function System (IFS), and furthermore, their resultant structure is superimposed on each segment of Peano–Gosper curve to obtain the novel geometry of hybrid fractal antenna named Gosper–Koch–Minkowski Hybrid Fractal Antenna (GKMHFA). The partial ground plane with 50 Ω transmission line fed is used to analyse the performance of designed structure and found that it exhibits five different frequency bands above 9 GHz in the frequency range 1–20 GHz. Consequently, to attain the frequency bands below 9 GHz with enhanced bandwidth and reflection coefficient, the partial ground plane has been modified. The proposed antenna with the modified ground plane reveals seven distinct frequency points 1.5, 3.4, 8.6, 12.2, 14.1, 15.3 and 18.9 GHz with a maximum bandwidth 5.0 GHz along with improved reflection coefficient i.e. −45.65 dB at 1.5 GHz. The proposed antenna also reports positive gain and stable radiation patterns in the operational frequency bands, which make it a proficient candidate for the multi-standard wireless applications such as GPS, terrestrial communication, PCS, UMTS, advance wireless services, Bluetooth, WLAN, Wi-Fi, Wi-MAX, military satellite communication, television broadcasting, broadcasting satellite, FSS, Ku-band and K-band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food safety standards are a prerequisite for the good positioning of food products in the global market. Effective implementation of food safety systems is taken as evidence for the production of a safe product. However, many countries are requiring implementation of food safety system or standard that they prefer or recognize. This approach is contrary to the current concept of globalization, which aims to ensure facilitated movement and exchange of goods across the globe. In order to get the opportunity to export their products in different markets, it happens one company during a year they have more than four audits according to similar food safety management system (FSMS) and maintain more than five food safety systems to. The purpose of this paper was to compare the data obtained from twenty Macedonian export companies on the safety of their products after the implementation of different food safety systems. For that purpose, in the past period, a survey was conducted through a survey of 20 food production export-oriented companies in Macedonia that export to more than one continent. Companies who took role in the survey are from confectionary, fruits and vegetables processing and meat industry. Questionnaires cover several important aspects: A) Similarities and differences between different food safety systems B) Impact on the production process of different food safety systems C) Impact on food safety on the microbiological, chemical, and physical parameters of the product. 20 export-oriented companies were included, most located in the Skopje region, companies from the eastern region as well as from the western region. The information was acquired online from the participants through a questionnaire prepared in Google form. For the comparison of data we used arithmetical mean value to analyze answers from the questionnaire. This study revealed that there is no big differences between different food safety systems implemented in companies in our country. Also, there was no significant impact on the production process of different food safety systems and significant impact on food safety on the microbiological, chemical, and physical parameters of the product. From the obtained results it was determined that 90% of the obtained results indicate that the introduction of new food safety systems does not have an additional impact on the safety of the final products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The societal benefits of numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasts are most evident in populated areas. An urban representation within NWP models should provide improved forecast accuracy. Here, we present the preliminary implementation of an urban scheme within the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) using a simplified single‐layer urban canopy model. The scheme makes assumptions of canyon geometry and considers fluxes from roads, walls, and roofs. Temperature observations were used to optimize single‐column model (SCM) parameters using the Gauss‐Newton method. Observation comparisons over six European cities, show a 2‐m temperature root‐mean‐squared error reduction from 1.85 to 1.75 K with the urban scheme. Optimized parameters were used globally at kilometric scale in a land surface model. A sensitivity experiment assuming a 100% urban world showed spatially averaged northern hemisphere 2‐m temperatures increased by 0.54 K (January) and 0.42 K (July) at night caused by changes in the albedo, emissivity, roughness, and thermal and hydrological properties. Global ∼1‐km resolution simulations using ancillary urban mapping information produce an urban heat island effect over major and minor conurbations. Only major conurbations were well represented at ∼9‐km resolution. Results from SCM simulations show a heightening of the planetary boundary layer over city sites, with the largest enhancements occurring at night in July (84 ± 48 m) caused by an increased sensible heat flux. These initial developments show the importance of a high‐resolution urban representation within NWP models. Improved parameterization and mapping will enable an online representation of energy, water, and trace gas fluxes over residential areas.

The societal benefits of numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasts are most evident in populated areas. An urban representation within NWP models should provide improved forecast accuracy. Here, we present the preliminary implementation of an urban scheme within the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) using a simplified single‐layer urban canopy model. The scheme makes assumptions of canyon geometry and considers fluxes from roads, walls, and roofs. Temperature observations were used to optimize single‐column model (SCM) parameters using the Gauss‐Newton method. Observation comparisons over six European cities, show a 2‐m temperature root‐mean‐squared error reduction from 1.85 to 1.75 K with the urban scheme. Optimized parameters were used globally at kilometric scale in a land surface model. A sensitivity experiment assuming a 100% urban world showed spatially averaged northern hemisphere 2‐m temperatures increased by 0.54 K (January) and 0.42 K (July) at night caused by changes in the albedo, emissivity, roughness, and thermal and hydrological properties. Global ∼1‐km resolution simulations using ancillary urban mapping information produce an urban heat island effect over major and minor conurbations. Only major conurbations were well represented at ∼9‐km resolution. Results from SCM simulations show a heightening of the planetary boundary layer over city sites, with the largest enhancements occurring at night in July (84 ± 48 m) caused by an increased sensible heat flux. These initial developments show the importance of a high‐resolution urban representation within NWP models. Improved parameterization and mapping will enable an online representation of energy, water, and trace gas fluxes over residential areas. Plain Language Summary: Urban areas make up only a small fraction of the Earth's surface; however, they are home to over 50% of the world's population. In these areas a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect causes increased temperatures due to human activities, an effect often missing in weather forecasts. Forecasts, generated using computer models, consider not only the atmosphere but also the role of the land surface on the weather above. Typically these models do not include an urban map, so they miss key urban processes. We introduced a representation of urban areas to the model of the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. We considered several ways in which the urban environment interacts with the weather, including through changes in heat storage and treatment of rainfall. We find these developments result in a more accurate model forecast over six European cities. The model accurately predicts the increased heating observed over cities at night and some of the observed changes in the atmosphere. Future work should continue to improve the urban representation in weather and air quality/greenhouse gas models by implementing an urban scheme in operational forecasts. Key Points: An urban scheme has been introduced and optimized within the ECMWF IFS single‐column and surface‐only modelAssuming an urban world, average nighttime 2‐m temperatures increased for January (0.54 K) and July (0.42 K) in a surface only simulationUsing realistic urban cover for eight cities, PBL height in July increases by an average of 66 and 84 m for the day and night, respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a nervous system disease, lacks effective therapies at present. RNA expression is the basic way to regulate life activities, and identifying related characteristics in AD patients may aid the exploration of AD pathogenesis and treatment. This study developed a classifier that could accurately classify AD patients and healthy people, and then obtained 3 core genes that may be related to the pathogenesis of AD. To this end, RNA expression data of the middle temporal gyrus of AD patients were firstly downloaded from GEO database, and the data were then normalized using limma package following a supplementation of missing data by k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm. Afterwards, the top 500 genes of the most feature importance were obtained through Max-Relevance and Min-Redundancy (mRMR) analysis, and based on these genes, a series of AD classifiers were constructed through Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and KNN algorithms. Then, the KNN classifier with the highest Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) value composed of 14 genes in incremental feature selection (IFS) analysis was identified as the best AD classifier. As analyzed, the 14 genes played a pivotal role in determination of AD and may be core genes associated with the pathogenesis of AD. Finally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Random Walk with Restart (RWR) analysis were applied to obtain core gene-associated genes, and key pathways related to AD were further analyzed. Overall, this study contributed to a deeper understanding of AD pathogenesis and provided theoretical guidance for related research and experiments.

Although antibiotics have played a certain positive role in the prevention and treatment of poultry diseases, as well as the promotion of poultry growth, some farmers use antibiotics in an incorrect way in the breeding process, resulting in antibiotic residues in poultry tissues, organs and edible products. Residual antibiotics enter the human body through the food chain and accumulate, which not only causes poisoning and allergic reactions, but also drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms, thus endangering the health of consumers. In this investigation, the residues of 24 antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, macrolides, tetracyclines, antivirals, lincomycin and florfenicol, were analyzed in 1211 poultry egg samples in Shandong, China, from 2018 to 2020. Then, based on the per capita intake of poultry eggs recommended in the dietary guidelines of Chinese residents, the maximum residue limit of veterinary drugs specified in Chinese regulations and the average weight of males and females aged 18 and over in 2020, the risk of residual antibiotics was evaluated by International Food Safety indices (IFS). The detection results showed that 104 of 1211 samples were detected with antibiotic residues, with a detection rate of 8.58%. Among them, the main residues were enrofloxacin, sulfonamides and florfenicol. The IFS calculation results showed that the IFS of residual antibiotics ranged from 1.44 × 10−7 to 0.102. Therefore, although enrofloxacin, sarafloxacin, danofloxacin, sulfonamides, tilmicosin, doxycycline, florfenicol, which are banned during egg laying, were detected in poultry eggs in Shandong, these residues did not pose a threat to the health of Chinese adult consumers, according to the daily dietary habits of Chinese people. However, it is strongly suggested that Shandong should strengthen the monitoring of antibiotic use during egg laying.

Creative thinking has long been considered essential for the development and advancement of numerous fields included in the sciences and the arts. It is for this reason that I consider the rapport between creativity and genuine human connection to be essential in establishing the credibility of the modern-day artistresearcher. The importance of exploring revolutionary ways of benefiting society through art is made evident by the latter’s transformation and survival throughout history as well as its interdisciplinary qualities. Looking at various examples from the field of performing arts, I will analyse what I consider to be the most noteworthy facts about the field of artistic research, concluding with significant viewpoints about its future, underlining the fact that scientific and artistic researchers share the same creative thinking that fuels their curiosity, originality and necessity to discover revolutionary viewpoints of approaching societal problems in order to get their messages across. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the publication of the Meade Report in 1978 and the establishment of the Fiscal Studies journal in 1979, IFS has been a world leader in the microeconomic analysis of tax policy. Here we document the growing importance of rigorous empirical analysis in our academic and policy research. We point to the expanding reach of IFS research outside the pure analysis of tax policy in the years following the Meade Report and the key role played by the ESRC Centre for the Microeconomic Analysis of Public Policy, established in 1991. This Centre provided the environment for long‐term research across a wide set of fields that has enabled IFS to stay ahead in the policy debate and maintain a leading position in academic research. The breadth and depth of work in tax policy as it impacted on individuals, on families, on the labour market, on firms, on innovation, on retirement, on capital markets and on government revenues are exemplified through the Mirrlees Review. The expansion of IFS research into a broader set of areas, including health, child development and human capital, is captured through the recent launch of the Deaton Review on the causes and consequences of inequality, covering a broad set of inequalities and the challenges they bring to society, to policy and to research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operates the Integrated Forecasting System aerosol module (IFS-AER) to provide daily global analysis and forecast of aerosols for the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). New estimates of sea salt aerosol emissions have been implemented in the IFS-AER using a new parameterization of whitecap fraction as a function of wind speed and sea surface temperature. The effect of whitecap fraction simulated by old and new parameterizations has been evaluated by comparing the IFS-AER new sea salt aerosol characteristics to those of aerosol retrievals. The new parameterization brought a significant improvement as compared to the two parameterizations of sea salt aerosol emissions previously implemented in the IFS-AER. Likewise, the simulated sea salt aerosol optical depth and surface concentration are significantly improved, as compared against ground and remote sensing products.

To get more obvious target information and more texture features, a new fusion method for the infrared (IR) and visible (VIS) images combining regional energy (RE) and intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS) is proposed, and this method can be described by several steps as follows. Firstly, the IR and VIS images are decomposed into low- and high-frequency sub-bands by non-subsampled shearlet transform (NSST). Secondly, RE-based fusion rule is used to obtain the low-frequency pre-fusion image, which allows the important target information preserved in the resulting image. Based on the pre-fusion image, the IFS-based fusion rule is introduced to achieve the final low-frequency image, which enables more important texture information transferred to the resulting image. Thirdly, the ‘max-absolute’ fusion rule is adopted to fuse high-frequency sub-bands. Finally, the fused image is reconstructed by inverse NSST. The TNO and RoadScene datasets are used to evaluate the proposed method. The simulation results demonstrate that the fused images of the proposed method have more obvious targets, higher contrast, more plentiful detailed information, and local features. Qualitative and quantitative analysis results show that the presented method is superior to the other nine advanced fusion methods.

A pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar e compreender como o Programa de Formação e Capacitação Continuada contribuiu para a formação e desenvolvimento profissional dos professores do Ensino Básico, Técnico e Tecnológico do IF Catarinense – campus Rio do Sul. Tendo como problema central: Qual a relação existente entre o Programa de Formação Continuada de Professores e as mudanças na prática docente e no desenvolvimento profissional do professor de Ensino Básico, Técnico e Tecnológico? O percurso metodológico de caráter qualitativo baseou-se na aproximação dos autores que fundamentam o problema em questão e em um levantamento das produções no banco de dados de trabalhos de teses e dissertações nas IES pertencentes ao estado de Santa Catarina, com pós-graduação stricto sensu em Educação. Do ponto de vista empírico, a pesquisa pretende contribuir para o aprimoramento do Programa em questão, especificamente, na formação pedagógica dos professores e teórico-metodológica na concepção da Educação Básica, Técnica e Tecnológica.

We consider groupoids on { 1 , 2 , ... , d } N , cocycles and the counting measure as transverse function. We generalize results relating quasi-invariant probabilities with eigenprobabilities for the dual of the Ruelle operator. We assume a mild compatibility of the groupoid with the symbolic structure. We present a generalization of the Ruelle operator—the Haar–Ruelle operator—taking into account the Haar structure. We consider continuous and also Hölder cocycles. IFS with weights appears in our reasoning in the Hölder case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper reports on the development of a novel compact fractal microstrip patch antenna for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio. The geometrical design of the proposed fractal antenna is optimized using nature inspired Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) method. The optimized antenna is having broadband characteristic within two bands (6.206 - 7.864 GHz, 23.56%) and (14.95 - 20 GHz, 28.89%), which are specified for IEEE C-band, Ku-band and K-band applications respectively. The proposed fractal antenna is also having high peak gain of 7.26 dBi at 18.04 GHz and omnidirectional radiation pattern at all frequencies. The performance of the proposed antenna is also validated experimentally by having a comparison of simulated results with the measured results. The proposed design offers 45.54% reduction in antenna physical size (copper required) as compare to a rectangular patch antenna of same size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Processes that do not conserve potential vorticity (PV) have a profound impact on the intensity, evolution, and mesoscale details of extratropical weather systems. This study aims at quantifying and improving the understanding of how and when physical processes modify PV in cyclones. To this end, a 6‐day forecast of a North Pacific cyclone is performed using a recent operational version of the ECMWF global numerical weather prediction model. Hourly instantaneous temperature and momentum tendencies of each parametrized process are used to compute the corresponding PV tendencies. By integrating these diabatic PV rates along backward trajectories, the relative contribution of individual processes for the PV budget can be assessed. The cold front is characterized by an elongated filament of increased PV, generated by latent heating due to condensation at the front as well as long‐wave radiative cooling at the surface. Turbulent mixing at the interface of the boundary layer decreases PV behind the cold front during the early stage of the cyclone, while sublimation of snow produces negative PV in the mature phase. A broad region of enhanced PV is found along the warm front, generated by condensation and turbulence at the front as well as long‐wave radiative cooling at the surface. The region of decreased PV north of the warm front is mainly modified by snow melting and sublimation. Finally, high values of PV along the bent‐back front and the cyclone centre are generated by condensation, convection, snow melting and sublimation. In general, turbulent mixing offsets intense PV modification induced by the other processes. This study highlights the relevance of condensation, melting and sublimation of snow, long‐wave radiative cooling, turbulence, and convection for the production of low‐level PV anomalies and underlines the importance of correctly representing these processes in weather prediction models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Youth are the most potent segment of the population of a country. They are the hopes of tomorrow and the backbone of rural community. Youth possess dynamic energies, creative activities and adventurous spirit by virtue of their age and enthusiasm. India is a land of youth and constitutes a numerically dominant, resourceful and also adventurous segment of the population. At present, 35 per cent of the total population is in the age group of 15-35 years, out of which 75 per cent of them live in rural areas. The migration of rural youth to the cities is around 45 per cent, which is quite alarming. The major reasons for youth moving to urban center include: lack of basic amenities, unemployment and lack of interest in farming since agriculture suffers from several factors such as natural disasters (drought, storms, etc.), smaller land holdings (that are unable to compete against more commercialized agriculture of larger holdings) and not getting suitable market price for agriculture produce. The future of agriculture depends on the contribution of youth. In this context, to prevent the exodus of farmer and rural people to cities and towns, the ICAR has recently designed four programs namely, Farmer First, Student READY, Mera Gaon Mera Gaurav and ARYA. Realizing the importance of rural youth in agricultural development especially from the point of view of food security of the country, ICAR has initiated a programme on 'Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture'. ARYA project is being implemented in 25 States through KVKs selecting one district from each State. The Purpose of ARYA is to establish economic models for youth in the villages so that youths get attracted in agriculture and overall rural situation improves. If agriculture is the backbone of economy, agronomists are the backbone of agriculture, since they deal with wider aspects of the farm. Sustainability and productivity of the farm depends upon practicing of integrated approaches like dairy, poultry, goat/sheep, apiculture, piggery, mushroom production, etc., in addition to the crop component. Agronomist can become the mentor of the rural youth and retain them on the farm by educating to practice integrated farming system approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Using several evidence for determining the state of a transaction (fraud or not fraud). • Declaring the problem of uncertainty in fraud detection. • Using Multi Criteria Decision Making method and intuitionistic fuzzy method for the fusion of fraud evidence. • Getting better results compared with Dempster–Shafer fusion method. Abstract Detection of fraudulent transactions is a vital factor for financial institutions, and finding more effective and accurate methods is of tremendous importance. The use of supervised data mining techniques is not feasible in many cases due to the lack of access to labeled data. Fraud detection is a complex task, and unsupervised methods like clustering and outlier detection techniques employed alone do not yield satisfactory results. Another issue is epistemic uncertainty due to the absence of sufficient information on the behavioral aspects of different customers, which also leads to poorer results for fraud detection and makes the fraud detection system inapplicable in real world environment. In this paper, using multi criteria decision method, intuitionistic fuzzy set, and evidential reasoning, a new method for detection of fraud was introduced, which infuses several behavioral evidence of a transaction concerning the effect of uncertainty for them. Transactional behavior was modeled by considering the trends of different main and aggregated variables at different periods and the extent of deviation of the new arrived transaction from each of these trends were considered as behavioral evidence. The final belief, which is the result of the combination of much evidence using the proposed method, will determine the originality of a newly arrived transaction. Finally, using a real world dataset, the results of the new method were compared with the results of Dempster–Shafer method in terms of the number of frauds discovered and the number of erroneous alerts they issued. The findings showed that the method introduced in this study has higher accuracy and lower false alarms compared to Dempster–Shafer method while the computational complexity of this method makes its implementation time longer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss scientific features and computational performance of kilometre-scale global weather and climate simulations, considering the Icosahedral Non-hydrostatic (ICON) model and the Integrated Forecast System (IFS). Scalability measurements and a performance modelling approach are used to derive performance estimates for these models on upcoming exascale supercomputers. This is complemented by preliminary analyses of the model data that illustrate the importance of high-resolution models to gain improvements in the accuracy of convective processes, a better understanding of physics dynamics interactions and poorly resolved or parametrized processes, such as gravity waves, convection and boundary layer. This article is part of the theme issue 'Multiscale modelling, simulation and computing: from the desktop to the exascale'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All the extensions of ordinary fuzzy sets with three dimensional membership functions such as intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS), intuitionistic fuzzy sets of second type (IFS2), and neutrosophic fuzzy sets (NFS) aim at defining the judgments of decision makers/ experts with a more detailed description. Introduction of generalized three dimensional spherical fuzzy sets (SFS) including some essential differences from the other fuzzy sets is presented in this paper. The new type of fuzzy sets is based on the spherical fuzzy distances which have been already defined in the literature. Arithmetic operations involving addition, subtraction and multiplication are presented together with their proofs. Aggregation operators, score and accuracy functions are developed. The multi-criteria decision making method TOPSIS is extended to spherical fuzzy TOPSIS and an illustrative example is presented. Additionally, a comparative analysis with intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS (IF-TOPSIS) is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use and preparation of food in catering facilities is a whole science. However, over the years there has imposes a need for existing guaranteed quality of food products, which will give to users confidence in the use of these products. This is achieved by introducing of certain standards. In this paper we will address the need and significance of different standards in catering facilities. Namely, the ISO 9001, HACCP, HALAL and FIS standard will be elaborated as commonly represented, widely accepted and internationally recognized. For this purpose, we will also meet the conditions necessary for the application of these standards, which during the process of preparation of the food should be satisfied, and at the same time will meet the requirements of the gests regarding to the quality of the food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Community Microwave Emission Modelling platform (CMEM) has been developed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) as the forward operator radiative transfer model for low frequency passive microwave brightness temperatures (TB). It is used at ECMWF for L-band TB monitoring over snow free areas. In this paper, upgrades to CMEM are presented in order to explore forward modelling in snow-covered areas for coupled land-atmosphere numerical weather prediction systems. The upgrades enable to use CMEM on an extended range of frequencies and the Helsinki University of Technology multi-layer snow emission model is implemented. Offline CMEM experiments are evaluated against AMSR2 (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2) observations showing that simulated TB is improved when using a multi-layer snow scheme, compared to a single-layer scheme. The improvements mainly result from a better representation of snow characteristics in the multi-layer snowpack model. CMEM is also evaluated in the Integrated Forecasting System and coupled to RTTOV (Radiative Transfer for TOVS). The numerical results show improved simulated TB at low frequency V polarization over snow-covered area compared to a configuration using emissivity atlas. Degradations at frequencies higher than 20 GHz indicate that further improvements are required in the emissivity and snowpack properties modelling.

Batik Palembang has a distinctive design with bright colour. There are several design, in this research, can be visualized songket batik design and jumputan batik design. Jumputan and songket batik design with the help of the software can be visualized using iterated function systems (IFS) and the Julia set. Songket batik design can be visualized with a combination of Sierpinski Carpet and Julia set while jumputan battik design can be visualized with a combination of some of the Julia set.