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We report 1.1 mm number counts revealed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey Field (SXDF). The advent of ALMA enables us to reveal millimeter-wavelength number counts down to the faint end without source confusion. However, previous studies are based on the ensemble of serendipitously-detected sources in fields originally targeting different sources and could be biased due to the clustering of sources around the targets. We derive number counts in the flux range of 0.2-2 mJy by using 23 (>=4sigma) sources detected in a continuous 2.0 arcmin$^2$ area of the SXDF. The number counts are consistent with previous results within errors, suggesting that the counts derived from serendipitously-detected sources are not significantly biased, although there could be field-to-field variation due to the small survey area. By using the best-fit function of the number counts, we find that ~40% of the extragalactic background light at 1.1 mm is resolved at S(1.1mm) > 0.2 mJy., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in PASJ

We propose iterative methods for obtaining solvation structures on a solid plate which use force distributions measured by surface force apparatus (SFA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) as input data. Two model systems are considered here. In the model system for SFA, the same two solid plates are immersed in a solvent, and a probe tip and a solid plate are immersed in a solvent in the model system for AFM. Advantages of the iterative methods are as follows: The iterative method for SFA can obtain the solvation structure, for example, in a Lennard-Jones liquid; The iterative method for AFM can obtain the solvation structure without an input datum of solvation structure around the probe tip., Comment: This paper has been withdrawn by the author. Due to an uncertain point in the convergence, this letter has been withdrawn by the author

We propose a method of transformation from a force curve obtained with a surface force apparatus (SFA) to a density distribution of a liquid near a surface. The method is based on the statistical mechanics of liquids. As a first step, we show the method for a rigid system in which two cylinders are immersed in a hard-sphere fluid as the force probes. We found that the method works well, especially in the lower density solvent. The accuracy of the transformed result increases as the distance between the circular surface of the cylinder and the solvent sphere increases.

Recent frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) can measure three-dimensional force distribution between a probe and a sample surface in liquid. The force distribution is, in the present circumstances, assumed to be solvation structure on the sample surface, because the force distribution and solvation structure have somewhat similar shape. However, the force distribution is exactly not the solvation structure. If we would like to obtain the solvation structure by using the liquid AFM, a method for transforming the force distribution into the solvation structure is necessary. Therefore, in this letter, we present the transforming method in a brief style. We call this method as a solution for an inverse problem, because the solvation structure is obtained at first and the force distribution is obtained next in general calculation processes. The method is formulated (mainly) by statistical mechanics of liquid.