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51. Clinical utility of imaging for evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma

Author

Murakami T, Tsurusaki M, Hyodo T, and Imai Y

Subjects
Computed tomography, Magnetic resonance imaging, Contrast enhanced ultrasonography, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Gd-EOB-DTPA, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Takamichi Murakami,1 Masakatsu Tsurusaki,1 Tomoko Hyodo,1 Yasuharu Imai2 1Department of Radiology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, 2Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ikeda Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan Abstract: The hemodynamics of a hepatocellular nodule is the most important imaging parameter used to characterize various hepatocellular nodules in liver cirrhosis, because sequential changes occur in the feeding vessels and hemodynamic status during hepatocarcinogenesis. Therefore, the imaging criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are also usually based on vascular findings, eg, early arterial uptake followed by washout in the portal venous and equilibrium phases. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, dynamic multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT), and dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) are useful for detecting hypervascular HCC on the basis of vascular criteria but are not as useful for hypovascular HCC. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging with gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA), a hepatocyte-specific MR contrast agent, is superior to dynamic MDCT and dynamic MR imaging with Gd-DTPA in detecting both hypervascular and hypovascular HCC. Moreover, Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging can display each histologically differentiated HCC as hypointense relative to the liver parenchyma. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging might not be suitable for the screening and detection of HCC, given its lower diagnostic performance. However, this technique plays an important role in determining whether HCC has spread beyond the liver. Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, evaluation, imaging, clinical utility

Published
2014

55. Review Of Particle Physics

Author

Workman, R. L., Burkert, V. D., Crede, V, Klempt, E., Thoma, U., Tiator, L., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Allanach, B. C., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Aschenauer, E. C., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw, Barnett, R. M., Baudis, L., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V., I, Beringer, J., Bettini, A., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Bryzgalov, V. V., Buchmuller, O., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chivukula, R. Sekhar, Cowan, G., Cranmer, K., Cremonesi, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Demers, S., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Dreiner, H. K., Eerola, P., Egede, U., Eidelman, S., El-Khadra, A. X., Ellis, J., Eno, S. C., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A., V, Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hamel, Matthieu, Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Hsu, L., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Ianni, Al, Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Kenzie, M., Khoze, V. A., Klein, S. R., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krizan, P., Krusche, B., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lellouch, L. P., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A. R., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C-J, Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lourenco, C., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A., V, Marciano, W. J., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U-G, Melzer-Pellmann, I-A, Mikhasenko, M., Miller, D. J., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nelles, A., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Pich, A., Piepke, A., Pietropaolo, F., Pomarol, A., Pordes, S., Profumo, S., Quadt, A., Rabbertz, K., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Robinson, D. J., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryskin, M. G., Ryutin, R. A., Sakai, Y., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Schoenert, S., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Schwiening, J., Scott, D., Sefkow, F., Seljak, U., Sharma, V, Sharpe, S. R., Shiltsev, V, Signorelli, G., Silari, M., Simon, F., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smoot, G. F., Soffer, A., Sozzi, M. S., Spanier, S., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Tanaka, J., Tasevsky, M., Terao, K., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tovey, D. R., Trabelsi, K., Urquijo, P., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vivarelli, I, Vogel, P., Vogelsang, W., Vorobyev, V., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., Wermes, N., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C. G., Woody, C. L., Yao, W-M, Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, R., Zanderighi, G., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O., V, Zhu, R-Y, Zhu, Shi-Lin, Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Basaglia, T., Schaffner, P., Zheng, W., Workman, R. L., Burkert, V. D., Crede, V, Klempt, E., Thoma, U., Tiator, L., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Allanach, B. C., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Aschenauer, E. C., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw, Barnett, R. M., Baudis, L., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V., I, Beringer, J., Bettini, A., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Bryzgalov, V. V., Buchmuller, O., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chivukula, R. Sekhar, Cowan, G., Cranmer, K., Cremonesi, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Demers, S., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Dreiner, H. K., Eerola, P., Egede, U., Eidelman, S., El-Khadra, A. X., Ellis, J., Eno, S. C., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A., V, Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hamel, Matthieu, Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Hsu, L., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Ianni, Al, Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Kenzie, M., Khoze, V. A., Klein, S. R., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krizan, P., Krusche, B., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lellouch, L. P., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A. R., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C-J, Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lourenco, C., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A., V, Marciano, W. J., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U-G, Melzer-Pellmann, I-A, Mikhasenko, M., Miller, D. J., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Nelles, A., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Pich, A., Piepke, A., Pietropaolo, F., Pomarol, A., Pordes, S., Profumo, S., Quadt, A., Rabbertz, K., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Robinson, D. J., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryskin, M. G., Ryutin, R. A., Sakai, Y., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Schoenert, S., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Schwiening, J., Scott, D., Sefkow, F., Seljak, U., Sharma, V, Sharpe, S. R., Shiltsev, V, Signorelli, G., Silari, M., Simon, F., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smoot, G. F., Soffer, A., Sozzi, M. S., Spanier, S., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Tanaka, J., Tasevsky, M., Terao, K., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tovey, D. R., Trabelsi, K., Urquijo, P., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vivarelli, I, Vogel, P., Vogelsang, W., Vorobyev, V., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., Wermes, N., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C. G., Woody, C. L., Yao, W-M, Yokoyama, M., Yoshida, R., Zanderighi, G., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O., V, Zhu, R-Y, Zhu, Shi-Lin, Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Basaglia, T., Schaffner, P., and Zheng, W.

Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,143 new measurements from 709 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Machine Learning, and one on Spectroscopy of Light Meson Resonances., The Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and 97 review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings and contains also 23 reviews that address specific aspects of the data presented in the Listings., The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is available in print, as a web version optimized for use on phones, and as an Android app.

Published
2022
Full Text
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56. Femtoscopic study of coupled-channels <math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>Ξ</mi></mrow></math> and <math><mrow><mi>Λ</mi><mi>Λ</mi></mrow></math> interactions

Author

Kamiya, Y., Sasaki, K., Fukui, T., Hyodo, T., Morita, K., Ogata, K., Ohnishi, A., and Hatsuda, T.

Abstract

The momentum correlation functions of S=−2 baryon pairs (pΞ− and ΛΛ) produced in high-energy pp and pA collisions are investigated on the basis of the coupled-channels formalism. The strong interaction is described by the coupled-channels HAL QCD potential obtained by lattice QCD simulations near physical quark masses, while the hadronic source function is taken to be a static Gaussian form. The coupled-channels effect, the threshold difference, the realistic strong interaction, and the Coulomb interaction are fully taken into account for the first time in the femtoscopic analysis of baryon-baryon correlations. The characteristic features of the experimental data for the pΞ− and ΛΛ pairs at the Large Hadron Collider are reproduced quantitatively with a suitable choice of nonfemtoscopic parameters and the source size. The agreement between theory and experiment indicates that the NΞ (ΛΛ) interaction is moderately (weakly) attractive without having a quasibound (bound) state.

Published
2022

65. Review of Particle Physics and 2021 Update

Author

Zyla, P. A., Barnett, R. M., Wohl, C. G., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lellouch, L. P., Lesgourgues, J., Yao, W. -M., Liddle, A. R., Ligeti, Z., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lourengo, C., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Agashe, K., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U. -G., Mikhasenko, M., Miller, D. J., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Aielli, G., Mönig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Allanach, B. C., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pich, A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Profumo, S., Amsler, C., Quadt, A., Rabbertz, K., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ramani, H., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Antonelli, M., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryskin, M., Ryutin, R. A., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Aschenauer, E. C., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Schwiening, J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Asner, D. M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smoot, G. F., Soffer, A., Sozzi, M. S., Spanier, S., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Baer, H., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Tanaka, J., Taševský, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Beringer, J., Banerjee, Sw, Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tovey, D. R., Trabelsi, K., Urquijo, P., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Baudis, L., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogelsang, W., Vogt, A., Vorobyev, V., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Bauer, C. W., Wands, D., Wascko, M. O., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yokoyama, M., Beatty, J. J., Yoshida, R., Zanderighi, G., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Anderson, J., Basaglia, T., Lugovsky, V. S., Belousov, V. I., Schaffner, P., Zheng, W., Group, Particle Data, Sefkow, Felix, Simon, Frank, Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Dahl, O., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chivukula, R. Sekhar, Cowan, G., Dwyer, D. A., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvêa, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Groom, D. E., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Eerola, P., Egede, U., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Lin, C. -J., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Lugovsky, K. S., Gonzalez-Garcia, M. C., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Pianori, E., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Robinson, D. J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Kenzie, M., Khoze, V. A., and Klein, S. R.

Subjects
heavy [boson], lepton, mixing [neutrino], diffraction, dark matter: density, Higgs particle, quark, cosmological model: parameter space, quantum chromodynamics, ddc:530, sparticle, energy: high, gauge boson, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, photon, C50 Other topics in experimental particle physics, density [dark matter], parameter space [cosmological model], baryon, density [dark energy], grand unified theory, boson: heavy, dark energy: density, statistics, CKM matrix, axion, high [energy], High Energy Physics::Experiment, hadron, supersymmetry, neutrino: mixing
Abstract

Progress of theoretical and experimental physics 2020(8), 083C01 (2021). doi:10.1093/ptep/ptaa104, The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,324 new measurements from 878 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 120 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on High Energy Soft QCD and Diffraction and one on the Determination of CKM Angles from B Hadrons., Published by Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford

Published
2021
Full Text
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75. Review of Particle Physics, 2020-2021

Author

Zyla, P A, Barnett, R M, Beringer, J, Dahl, O, Dwyer, D A, Groom, D E, Lin, C -J, Lugovsky, K S, Pianori, E, Robinson, D J, Wohl, C G, Yao, W -M, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Allanach, B C, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Aschenauer, E C, Asner, D M, Baer, H, Banerjee, Sw, Baudis, L, Bauer, C W, Beatty, J J, Belousov, V I, Bethke, S, Bettini, A, Biebel, O, Black, K M, Blucher, E, Buchmuller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M A, Cahn, R N, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chivukula, R Sekhar, Cowan, G, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvêa, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B A, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H K, Eerola, P, Egede, U, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B D, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H -J, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gershtein, Y, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A A, Gonzalez-Garcia, M C, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A V, Grojean, C, Grünewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H E, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hebecker, A, Heinemeyer, S, Heltsley, B, Hernández-Rey, J J, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Höcker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Johnson, K F, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U F, Kenzie, M, Khoze, V A, Klein, S R, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R V, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Lellouch, L P, Lesgourgues, J, Liddle, A R, Ligeti, Z, Lippmann, C, Liss, T M, Littenberg, L, Lourengo, C, Lugovsky, S B, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A V, Marciano, W J, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meißner, U -G, Mikhasenko, M, Miller, D J, Milstead, D, Mitchell, R E, Mönig, K, Molaro, P, Moortgat, F, Moskovic, M, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K A, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J A, Petcov, S T, Petrov, V A, Pich, A, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Profumo, S, Quadt, A, Rabbertz, K, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ramani, H, Ramsey-Musolf, M, Ratcliff, B N, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L J, Rosner, J L, Rybka, G, Ryskin, M, Ryutin, R A, Sakai, Y, Salam, G P, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A J, Schwiening, J, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S R, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjöstrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smoot, G F, Soffer, A, Sozzi, M S, Spanier, S, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, S L, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M J, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Tanaka, J, Taševský, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thoma, U, Thorne, R S, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N P, Tovey, D R, Trabelsi, K, Urquijo, P, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Verde, L, Vincter, M G, Vogel, P, Vogelsang, W, Vogt, A, Vorobyev, V, Wakely, S P, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C W, Wands, D, Wascko, M O, Weinberg, D H, Weinberg, E J, White, M, Wiencke, L R, Willocq, S, Woody, C L, Workman, R L, Yokoyama, M, Yoshida, R, Zanderighi, G, Zeller, G P, Zenin, O V, Zhu, R -Y, Zhu, S -L, Zimmermann, F, Anderson, J, Basaglia, T, Lugovsky, V S, Schaffner, P, and Zheng, W

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, Particle Physics - Experiment, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Published
2020

78. Review of Particle Physics (RPP2018)

Author

Tanabashi, M., Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., De Florian, D., De Gouvêa, A., Degrand, T., De Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Mönig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pagan Griso, S., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Törnqvist, N. A., Tovey, D. R., Valencia, G., Van De Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C. G., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Tanabashi, M., Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D.M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R.M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C.W., Beatty, J.J., Belousov, V.I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K.M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M.A., Cahn, R.N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M.-C., Chivukula, R.S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., De Florian, D., De Gouvêa, A., Degrand, T., De Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B.A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H.K., Dwyer, D.A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V.V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B.D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H.-J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A.A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A.V., Grojean, C., Groom, D.E., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H.E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K.G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernández-Rey, J.J., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K.D., Johnson, K.F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U.F., Klein, S.R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R.V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu.V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C.-J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T.M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K.S., Lugovsky, S.B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A.V., Marciano, W.J., Martin, A.D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U.-G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R.E., Mönig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K.A., Pagan Griso, S., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J.A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S.T., Petrov, V.A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B.N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L.J., Rosner, J.L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R.A., Sachrajda, C.T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G.P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A.J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S.R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J.G., Smoot, G.F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S.L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M.J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R.S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N.P., Törnqvist, N.A., Tovey, D.R., Valencia, G., Van De Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M.G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S.P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C.W., Wands, D., Ward, D.R., Wascko, M.O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D.H., Weinberg, E.J., White, M., Wiencke, L.R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C.G., Womersley, J., Woody, C.L., Workman, R.L., Yao, W.-M., Zeller, G.P., Zenin, O.V., Zhu, R.-Y., Zhu, S.-L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P.A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V.S., and Schaffner, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, HEP, PDG
Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,873 new measurements from 758 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 118 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Neutrinos in Cosmology.Starting with this edition, the Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and all review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings. Review articles that were previously part of the Listings are now included in volume 1.The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is also available.The 2018 edition of the Review of Particle Physics should be cited as: M. Tanabashi (Particle Data Group), Phys. Rev. D 98, 030001 (2018).

Published
2018

80. Review of particle physics - Particle Data Group

Author

Tanabashi, M., Grp, Particle Data, Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hisano, J., Hocker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitche, R. E., Moenig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D. R., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Voge, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Woh, C. C., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Patrignani, C, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Dwyer, D, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Gruenewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Hebecker, A, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Lippmann, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U, Milstead, D, Mitchell, R, Molaro, P, Monig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Griso, S, Parsons, J, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Petrov, V, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, S, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thorne, R, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Wands, D, Ward, D, Wascko, M, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Wiliocq, S, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Anderson, J, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Patrignani, C., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, S. w., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., Degrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Gruenewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heltsley, B., Hernandez Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Y. u. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, Alberto, Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Molaro, P., Monig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Wiliocq, S., Wohl, C. C., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Arguin, J, Band, H, Bernardi, G, Blusk, S, Edwards, D, Gaisser, T, Golwala, S, Grunewald, M, Heffner, M, Junk, T, Karlen, D, Moenig, K, Pape, L, Stah, A, Stanev, T, Sphers, M, Woh, C, Wofenstein, L, Yamamoto, A, and Zhang, J

Subjects
PRODUCTION, MAGNETIC-MOMENT, PROTON-PROTON COLLISIONS, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, anomalous magnetic-moment, HEAVY FLAVOUR, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION, GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES, DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING, QUARK-PAIR PRODUCTION, higgs-boson production, double-beta-decay, deep-inelastic-scattering, ANOMALOUS, High Energy Physics::Experiment, STRONG-COUPLING CONSTANT, supersymmetric standard model, ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRY-BREAKING, TAU LEPTONS, chiral perturbation-theory, TO-LEADING-ORDER, HADRONIC-Z-DECAYS, HIGGS-BOSON
Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 2,873 new measurements from 758 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. Particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 118 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including a new review on Neutrinos in Cosmology., Starting with this edition, the Review is divided into two volumes. Volume 1 includes the Summary Tables and all review articles. Volume 2 consists of the Particle Listings. Review articles that were previously part of the Listings are now included in volume 1., The complete Review (both volumes) is published online on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.1b1.gov) and in a journal. Volume 1 is available in print as the PDG Book. A Particle Physics Booklet with the Summary Tables and essential tables, figures, and equations from selected review articles is also available.

Published
2016

88. Review of particle physics - Particle Data Group

Author

Patrignani, C, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Dwyer, D, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Gruenewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Hebecker, A, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Lippmann, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U, Milstead, D, Mitchell, R, Molaro, P, Monig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Griso, S, Parsons, J, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Petrov, V, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, S, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thorne, R, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Wands, D, Ward, D, Wascko, M, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Wiliocq, S, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Anderson, J, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Patrignani, C., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Gruenewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Molaro, P., Monig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Wiliocq, S., Wohl, C. C., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Patrignani, C, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Dwyer, D, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Gruenewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Hebecker, A, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Lippmann, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U, Milstead, D, Mitchell, R, Molaro, P, Monig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Griso, S, Parsons, J, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Petrov, V, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, S, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thorne, R, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Wands, D, Ward, D, Wascko, M, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Wiliocq, S, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Anderson, J, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Patrignani, C., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Gruenewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Molaro, P., Monig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Wiliocq, S., Wohl, C. C., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., and Schaffner, P.

Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available

Published
2016

89. Review of Particle Physics: particle data groups

Author

Tanabashi, M., Hagiwara, K., Hikasa, K., Nakamura, K., Sumino, Y., Takahashi, F., Tanaka, J., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, S., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bettini, A., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Black, K. M., Blucher, E., Buchmuller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., De Florian, D., De Gouvêa, A., Degrand, T., De Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Firestone, R., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gershtein, Y., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heinemeyer, S., Heltsley, B., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Mönig, K., Molaro, P., Moortgat, F., Moskovic, M., Murayama, H., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pagan Griso, S., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Pianori, E., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thoma, U., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Törnqvist, N. A., Tovey, D. R., Valencia, G., Van De Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Verde, L., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C. G., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zhu, S. -L., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Fuller, L., Lugovsky, V. S., and Schaffner, P

Subjects
Settore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica, Modelli e Metodi Matematici
Published
2018

90. Review of Particle Physics (RPP2016)

Author

PATRIGNANI, CLAUDIA, Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, S.w., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heltsley, B., Hernández Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Y.u. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U. G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Molaro, P., Mönig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pagan Griso, S., Parsons, J., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Törnqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C. G., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Patrignani, C., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D.M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R.M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C.W., Beatty, J.J., Belousov, V.I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M.A., Cahn, R.N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M.-C., Chivukula, R.S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B.A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H.K., Dwyer, D.A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V.V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B.D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H.-J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A.A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A.V., Grojean, C., Groom, D.E., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H.E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K.G., Hebecker, A., Heltsley, B., Hernández-Rey, J.J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K., Jackson, J.D., Johnson, K.F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U.F., Klein, S.R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R.V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu.V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C.-J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T.M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K.S., Lugovsky, S.B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A.V., Marciano, W.J., Martin, A.D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U.-G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R.E., Molaro, P., Mönig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M.J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K.A., Pagan Griso, S., Parsons, J., Peacock, J.A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S.T., Petrov, V.A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B.N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L.J., Rosner, J.L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R.A., Sachrajda, C.T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G.P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A.J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S.R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J.G., Smoot, G.F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S.L., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M.J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R.S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N.P., Törnqvist, N.A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M.G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S.P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C.W., Wands, D., Ward, D.R., Wascko, M.O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D.H., Weinberg, E.J., White, M., Wiencke, L.R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C.G., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C.L., Workman, R.L., Yao, W.-M., Zeller, G.P., Zenin, O.V., Zhu, R.-Y., Zimmermann, F., and Zyla, P.A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, HEP, PDG
Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including those on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available.

Published
2016

96. Progress report on construction of a low-energy positron diffraction (LEPD) experiment station at KEK

Author

Shirasawa, T., Mochizuki, I., Fujinami, M., Takahashi, T., Kimura, M., and Hyodo, T.

Subjects
Physics::Accelerator Physics
Abstract

A low-energy positron diffraction (LEPD) experiment station was developed at the Slow Positron Facility, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK). An electron-accelerator-based slow-positron beam with an energy of 5 keV was magnetically transported and focused on a transmission-type Ni remoderator to achieve a 50 – 500 eV brightness-enhanced beam in a non-magnetic space. A LEPD detector with center holed retarding meshes, Chevron-type microchannel plates, and a delay-line detector (DLD) was installed. A newly developed pulse stretching system was used to stretch the initial positron-pulse width of 1.2-μs to 200 μs - 20 ms to avoid multiple hit events within the position analysis time of the DLD.

Published
2019

99. Review of Particle Physics, 2016-2017

Author

Patrignani, C, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D M, Baer, H, Banerjee, Sw, Barnett, R M, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C W, Beatty, J J, Belousov, V I, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M A, Cahn, R N, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M -C, Chivukula, R S, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B A, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H K, Dwyer, D A, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B D, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H -J, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A V, Grojean, C, Groom, D E, Grünewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H E, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K G, Hebecker, A, Heltsley, B, Hernández-Rey, J J, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Höcker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Jackson, J D, Johnson, K F, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U F, Klein, S R, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R V, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Yu V, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C -J, Lippmann, C, Liss, T M, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K S, Lugovsky, S B, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A V, Marciano, W J, Martin, A D, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meißner, U -G, Milstead, D, Mitchell, R E, Molaro, P, Mönig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M J, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K A, Pagan Griso, S, Parsons, J, Peacock, J A, Pennington, M, Petcov, S T, Petrov, V A, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B N, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L J, Rosner, J L, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R A, Sachrajda, C T, Sakai, Y, Salam, G P, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A J, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S R, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjöstrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J G, Smoot, G F, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, S L, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M J, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thorne, R S, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N P, Törnqvist, N A, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M G, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S P, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C W, Wands, D, Ward, D R, Wascko, M O, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D H, Weinberg, E J, White, M, Wiencke, L R, Willocq, S, Wohl, C G, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C L, Workman, R L, Yao, W -M, Zeller, G P, Zenin, O V, Zhu, R -Y, Zimmermann, F, and Zyla, P A

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including those on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available.

Published
2016

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