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Mixed crop–livestock systems, the world's most widespread farming systems, promote farm resilience through diversification and allow for crop–livestock integration (CLI). Intensification and specialization challenge these systems. In Northwest Vietnam, the standard farm model is based on mixed crop–livestock family farms but is shifting towards more specialized farming systems. The aim of the current study was to identify the new balance between livestock and crops on farms in Northwest Vietnam and to examine the effects of specialization on CLI practices and production system intensification by identifying current CLI practices and performing a retrospective analysis of changes in these practices. One hundred farms were surveyed and 24 interviews on farm trajectories were conducted in Dien Bien district (Dien Bien province) between January and April 2022. Based on the level of CLI and farm diversification, seven types of farms were identified and classified into three categories: (B) mixed farms, (A) farms specializing in livestock and (C) farms specializing in crops. The study of farm trajectories revealed three main changes: the conversion of mixed crop–livestock farms into more specialized crop systems, a change from mixed crop–livestock to more specialized family livestock farms and a change in the management of large ruminant herds and their feed system from free grazing to forage-fed systems. Understanding these changes will help identify drivers and potential constraints to the development of new practices for the integration of crop and livestock farming.

Agritourism real estate development has been bringing many benefits to the national economy and also contributes to increasing the value of real estate and improving the lives of local people. The agritourism real estate is a model that many countries are aiming for in the future in the direction of sustainable agritourism development. The development of this model helps increase the value of regional agricultural products, creating additional sources of income for local people, contributing to making Vietnam one of the new and most attractive tourist destinations in Southeast Asia and the world. However, in the process of implementing activities related to agritourism real estate, there are still certain disadvantages and limitations. In particular, Vietnam’s legal system governing tourism real estate planning and management is not complete, and many legal “loopholes” have not been overcome, which leads to the fact that the development of agritourism real estate becomes difficult. Therefore, this article will research the legal regulations related to agritourism real estate in Vietnam from practice in Thanh Hoa province to point out the limitations, shortcomings, and causes of these problems and propose some solutions to perfect the law., O desenvolvimento do sector imobiliário do agroturismo tem trazido muitos benefícios para a economia nacional e também contribui para aumentar o valor do património imobiliário e melhorar a vida das populações locais. O imobiliário de agroturismo é um modelo que muitos países estão a apontar para o futuro na direção do desenvolvimento sustentável do agroturismo. O desenvolvimento deste modelo ajuda a aumentar o valor dos produtos agrícolas regionais, criando fontes de rendimento adicionais para a população local, contribuindo para fazer do Vietname um dos novos e mais atraentes destinos turísticos do Sudeste Asiático e do mundo. No entanto, no processo de implementação de actividades relacionadas com o sector imobiliário do agroturismo, existem ainda algumas desvantagens e limitações. Em particular, o sistema jurídico vietnamita que rege o planeamento e a gestão do imobiliário turístico não está completo, e muitas “lacunas” jurídicas não foram ultrapassadas, o que dificulta o desenvolvimento do imobiliário de agroturismo. Por conseguinte, o presente artigo analisa a regulamentação jurídica relativa aos bens imobiliários do agroturismo no Vietname a partir da prática na província de Thanh Hoa, a fim de identificar as limitações, as lacunas e as causas destes problemas e propor algumas soluções para aperfeiçoar a lei.