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52. Using results from the PlioMIP ensemble to investigate the Greenland Ice Sheet during the mid-Pliocene Warm Period

Author

Dolan, A. M., Hunter, S. J., Hill, D. J., Haywood, A. M., Koenig, S. J., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Abe-Ouchi, A., Bragg, F., Chan, W.-L., Chandler, M. A., Contoux, C., Jost, A., Kamae, Y., Lohmann, Gerrit, Lunt, D. J., Ramstein, G., Rosenbloom, N. A., Sohl, L., Stepanek, Christian, Ueda, H., Yan, Q., Zhang, Z., Dolan, A. M., Hunter, S. J., Hill, D. J., Haywood, A. M., Koenig, S. J., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Abe-Ouchi, A., Bragg, F., Chan, W.-L., Chandler, M. A., Contoux, C., Jost, A., Kamae, Y., Lohmann, Gerrit, Lunt, D. J., Ramstein, G., Rosenbloom, N. A., Sohl, L., Stepanek, Christian, Ueda, H., Yan, Q., and Zhang, Z.

Abstract

During an interval of the Late Pliocene, referred to here as the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP; 3.264 to 3.025 million years ago), global mean temperature was similar to that predicted for the end of this century, and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were higher than pre-industrial levels. Sea level was also higher than today, implying a significant reduction in the extent of the ice sheets. Thus, the mPWP provides a natural laboratory in which to investigate the long-term response of the Earth's ice sheets and sea level in a warmer-than-present-day world. At present, our understanding of the Greenland ice sheet during the mPWP is generally based upon predictions using single climate and ice sheet models. Therefore, it is essential that the model dependency of these results is assessed. The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) has brought together nine international modelling groups to simulate the warm climate of the Pliocene. Here we use the climatological fields derived from the results of the 15 PlioMIP climate models to force an offline ice sheet model. We show that mPWP ice sheet reconstructions are highly dependent upon the forcing climatology used, with Greenland reconstructions ranging from an ice-free state to a near-modern ice sheet. An analysis of the surface albedo variability between the climate models over Greenland offers insights into the drivers of inter-model differences. As we demonstrate that the climate model dependency of our results is high, we highlight the necessity of data-based constraints of ice extent in developing our understanding of the mPWP Greenland ice sheet.

Published
2015

55. Phaeochromocytoma Crisis: Two Cases of Undiagnosed Phaeochromocytoma Presenting after Elective Nonrelated Surgical Procedures

Author

Johnston, P. C., Silversides, J. A., Wallace, H., Farling, P. A., Hutchinson, A., Hunter, S. J., Eatock, F., and Mullan, K. R.

Subjects
endocrine system diseases, Article Subject
Abstract

Phaeochromocytoma is a catecholamine producing tumour and an uncommon cause of hypertension. We present two cases of relatively asymptomatic individuals, in which previously undiagnosed phaeochromocytoma was unmasked by elective nonadrenal surgical procedures, manifesting as postoperative hypertensive crisis and subsequent cardiogenic shock. The initial management in intensive care is discussed, in addition to the clinical and biochemical diagnostic challenges present. Successful adrenalectomy was performed in each case.

Published
2013
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59. Using results from the PlioMIP ensemble to investigate the Greenland Ice Sheet during the mid-Pliocene Warm Period

Author

Dolan, A. M., primary, Hunter, S. J., additional, Hill, D. J., additional, Haywood, A. M., additional, Koenig, S. J., additional, Otto-Bliesner, B. L., additional, Abe-Ouchi, A., additional, Bragg, F., additional, Chan, W.-L., additional, Chandler, M. A., additional, Contoux, C., additional, Jost, A., additional, Kamae, Y., additional, Lohmann, G., additional, Lunt, D. J., additional, Ramstein, G., additional, Rosenbloom, N. A., additional, Sohl, L., additional, Stepanek, C., additional, Ueda, H., additional, Yan, Q., additional, and Zhang, Z., additional

Published
2015
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60. Evaluating the dominant components of warming in Pliocene climate simulations

Author

Hill, D. J., Haywood, A. M., Lunt, D. J., Hunter, S. J., Bragg, F. J., Contoux, C., Stepanek, Christian, Sohl, L., Rosenbloom, N. A., Chan, W.-L., Kamae, Y., Zhang, Z., Abe-Ouchi, A., Chandler, M. A., Jost, A., Lohmann, Gerrit, Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Ramstein, G., Ueda, H., Hill, D. J., Haywood, A. M., Lunt, D. J., Hunter, S. J., Bragg, F. J., Contoux, C., Stepanek, Christian, Sohl, L., Rosenbloom, N. A., Chan, W.-L., Kamae, Y., Zhang, Z., Abe-Ouchi, A., Chandler, M. A., Jost, A., Lohmann, Gerrit, Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Ramstein, G., and Ueda, H.

Abstract

The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) is the first coordinated climate model comparison for a warmer palaeoclimate with atmospheric CO2 significantly higher than pre-industrial concentrations. The simulations of the mid-Pliocene warm period show global warming of between 1.8 and 3.6 °C above pre-industrial surface air temperatures, with significant polar amplification. Here we perform energy balance calculations on all eight of the coupled ocean–atmosphere simulations within PlioMIP Experiment 2 to evaluate the causes of the increased temperatures and differences between the models. In the tropics simulated warming is dominated by greenhouse gas increases, with the cloud component of planetary albedo enhancing the warming in most of the models, but by widely varying amounts. The responses to mid-Pliocene climate forcing in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes are substantially different between the climate models, with the only consistent response being a warming due to increased greenhouse gases. In the high latitudes all the energy balance components become important, but the dominant warming influence comes from the clear sky albedo, only partially offset by the increases in the cooling impact of cloud albedo. This demonstrates the importance of specified ice sheet and high latitude vegetation boundary conditions and simulated sea ice and snow albedo feedbacks. The largest components in the overall uncertainty are associated with clouds in the tropics and polar clear sky albedo, particularly in sea ice regions. These simulations show that albedo feedbacks, particularly those of sea ice and ice sheets, provide the most significant enhancements to high latitude warming in the Pliocene.

Published
2014

62. Using results from the PlioMIP ensemble to investigate the Greenland Ice Sheet during the warm Pliocene

Author

Dolan, A. M., primary, Hunter, S. J., additional, Hill, D. J., additional, Haywood, A. M., additional, Koenig, S. J., additional, Otto-Bliesner, B. L., additional, Abe-Ouchi, A., additional, Bragg, F., additional, Chan, W.-L., additional, Chandler, M. A., additional, Contoux, C., additional, Jost, A., additional, Kamae, Y., additional, Lohmann, G., additional, Lunt, D. J., additional, Ramstein, G., additional, Rosenbloom, N. A., additional, Sohl, L., additional, Stepanek, C., additional, Ueda, H., additional, Yan, Q., additional, and Zhang, Z., additional

Published
2014
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63. Barriers to a Mediterranean diet in a Northern European population

Author

Moore, S. E., primary, McEvoy, C. T., additional, Prior, L., additional, Lawton, J. A., additional, Patterson, C. C., additional, Kee, F., additional, Cupples, M., additional, Young, I. S., additional, Hunter, S. J., additional, McCance, D., additional, Appleton, K., additional, McKinley, M. C., additional, and Woodside, J. V., additional

Published
2014
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64. Peer support to encourage adoption of a Mediterranean diet: development of pilot randomised controlled intervention study protocol

Author

McEvoy, C. T., primary, Moore, S. E., additional, Prior, L., additional, Lawton, J. A., additional, Patterson, C. C., additional, Kee, F., additional, Cupples, M., additional, Young, I. S., additional, Hunter, S. J., additional, McCance, D., additional, Appleton, K., additional, McKinley, M. C., additional, and Woodside, J. V., additional

Published
2014
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65. The association between postprandial urinary C-peptide creatinine ratio and the treatment response to liraglutide: a multi-centre observational study

Author

Thong, K. Y., primary, McDonald, T. J., additional, Hattersley, A. T., additional, Blann, A. D., additional, Ramtoola, S., additional, Duncan, C., additional, Carr, S., additional, Adamson, K., additional, Nayak, A. U., additional, Khurana, R., additional, Hunter, S. J., additional, Ali, A., additional, Au, S., additional, and Ryder, R. E. J., additional

Published
2013
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66. Evaluating the dominant components of warming in Pliocene climate simulations

Author

Hill, D. J., primary, Haywood, A. M., additional, Lunt, D. J., additional, Hunter, S. J., additional, Bragg, F. J., additional, Contoux, C., additional, Stepanek, C., additional, Sohl, L., additional, Rosenbloom, N. A., additional, Chan, W-L., additional, Kamae, Y., additional, Zhang, Z., additional, Abe-Ouchi, A., additional, Chandler, M. A., additional, Jost, A., additional, Lohmann, G., additional, Otto-Bliesner, B. L., additional, Ramstein, G., additional, and Ueda, H., additional

Published
2013
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73. Resorption of Natural Calcium Carbonate by Avian Osteoclasts In Vitro

Author

Guillemin, G., Hunter, S. J., and Gay, C. V.

Subjects
Osteoclasts, CaC03 wafers, bone resorption, Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
Abstract

Osteoclasts isolated from the endosteum of 2.5 to 3-week chick tibia were cultured on glass coverslips or natural CaC03 (Tridacna) wafers for 2 and 4 days. The cells were exposed to the pH-dependent dye, acridine orange, and fluorescence was measured by a light microscope photometer. Fluorescence intensity values were higher in cells adherent to Tridacna wafers than in those incubated on glass after 2 and 4 days of culture (three and two-fold, respectively). Moreover, osteoclasts on Tridacna wafers were more flattened and were found to produce resorption pits. Acid production by osteoclasts cultured on Tridacna wafers was stimulated with 10-8 M parathyroid hormone and inhibited with 10-7 M acetazolamide or 10-7 M hydroxybenezoyl thiophene sulfonamide, as shown by changes in intensity of acridine orange fluorescence after 30, 60 and 120 minutes of treatment. These results indicate that osteoclasts cultured on natural CaC03 wafers mimic the behavior of osteoclasts cultured on other substrates. Further, the capacity to acidify was enhanced in cells cultured on CaC03 wafers. These results indicate that natural CaC03 Tridacna wafers provide a suitable substrate for osteoclasts in culture and demonstrate that carbonic anhydrase plays a role in carbonated substrate resorption.

Published
1995

86. Using results from the PlioMIP ensemble to investigate the Greenland Ice Sheet during the warm Pliocene.

Author

Dolan, A. M., Hunter, S. J., Hill, D. J., Haywood, A. M., Koenig, S. J., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Abe-Ouchi, A., Bragg, F., Chan, W.-L., Chandler, M. A., Contoux, C., Jost, A., Kamae, Y., Lohmann, G., Lunt, D. J., Ramstein, G., Rosenbloom, N. A., Sohl, L., Stepanek, C., and Ueda, H.

Abstract

During the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (3.264 to 3.025 million years ago), global mean temperature was similar to that predicted for the end of this century, and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were higher than pre-industrial levels. Sea level was also higher than today, implying a significant reduction in the extent of the ice sheets. Thus, the mid-Pliocene Warm Period provides a natural laboratory in which to investigate the long-term response of the Earth's ice sheets and sea level in a warmer-than-modern world. At present, our understanding of the Greenland ice sheet during the warmest intervals of the mid-Pliocene is generally based upon predictions using single climate and ice sheet models. Therefore, it is essential that the model dependency of these results is assessed. The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) has brought together nine international modelling groups to simulate the warm climate of the Pliocene. Here we use the climatological fields derived from the results of the PlioMIP climate models to force an offline ice sheet model. We show Pliocene ice sheet reconstructions are highly dependent upon the forcing climatology used, with Greenland reconstructions ranging from an ice-free state to a near modern ice sheet. An analysis of surface albedo differences between the climate models over Greenland offers insights into the drivers of inter-model differences. As we demonstrate that the climate model dependency of our results is high, we highlight the necessity of data-based constraints in developing our understanding of the Pliocene Greenland ice sheet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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91. Irish endocrine society

Author

Fearon, U., primary, Clarke, D., additional, McKenna, T. J., additional, Cunningham, S. K., additional, Morrison, P. J., additional, Hughes, A. E., additional, Nevin, N. C., additional, Russell, C. F. J., additional, Powell, D., additional, Hadden, D. R., additional, Bonar, B. D., additional, Smith, D. F., additional, Darke, C., additional, Hetherton, A. M., additional, Smyth, P. P. A., additional, Hunter, S. J., additional, Harper, R., additional, Ennis, C. N., additional, Crothers, E., additional, Sheridan, B., additional, Atkinson, A. B., additional, Bell, P. M., additional, Hayes, F., additional, Sheahan, K., additional, McCabe, M., additional, Conway, D. J., additional, O’Higgins, N. J., additional, Garry, P., additional, Laski, J., additional, Brosnan, L., additional, Collins, P., additional, Devlin, J. G., additional, Heaney, A. P., additional, Curry, W. J, additional, Johnston, C. F., additional, Buchanan, K. D., additional, Mirakhur, M., additional, Fiad, T. M., additional, Culliton, M., additional, Lynn, J. A., additional, O’Shea, D. B., additional, Meeran, M. K., additional, Jackson, J. A., additional, Bloom, S. R., additional, Sheehan, K., additional, Heffernan, A., additional, Nugent, A. G., additional, McGurk, C., additional, Rutherford, R., additional, Hayes, J. R., additional, Johnson, G. D., additional, Cusack, Y. A., additional, O’Riordan, D., additional, McDermott, E. W. M., additional, Roche, E. F., additional, McCormack, I., additional, Tempany, E. T., additional, Smith, D. S., additional, Deegan, P., additional, Owens, D., additional, Gilligan, S., additional, Johnson, A., additional, Tomkin, G. H., additional, Heaney, A., additional, Ennis, C., additional, Wiggam, M. I., additional, O’Kane, M. J., additional, Trimble, E. R., additional, Dunne, F. P., additional, Heath, D. A., additional, Rollason, T., additional, Ratcliffe, W. A., additional, Marshall, T., additional, Cronin, C. C., additional, Barry, D. G., additional, Crowley, B., additional, Ferriss, J. B., additional, Kinsley, B. T., additional, Simonson, D. C., additional, Jones, R., additional, Lambert, P. D., additional, Herbert, J., additional, O’Hare, J. A., additional, Abuaisha, F., additional, Razza, Q., additional, Geoghegan, M., additional, Barrett, E., additional, and Fearon, U., additional

Published
1995
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94. Evaluating the dominant components of warming in Pliocene climate simulations.

Author

Hill, D. J., Haywood, A. M., Lunt, D. J., Hunter, S. J., Bragg, F. J., Contoux, C., Stepanek, C., Sohl, L., Rosenbloom, N. A., Chan, W.-L., Kamae, Y., Zhang, Z., Abe-Ouchi, A., Chandler, M. A., Jost, A., Lohmann, G., Otto-Bliesner, B. L., Ramstein, G., and Ueda, H.

Abstract

The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project is the first coordinated climate model The Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project is the first coordinated climate model comparison for a warmer palaeoclimate with atmospheric CO2 significantly higher than pre-industrial concentrations. The simulations of the mid-Pliocene warm period show global warming of between 1.8 and 3.6 •C above pre-industrial surface air temperatures, with significant polar amplification. Here we perform energy balance calculations on all eight of the coupled ocean-atmosphere simulations within PlioMIP Experiment 2 to evaluate the causes of the increased temperatures and differences between the models. In the tropics simulated warming is dominated by greenhouse gas increases, with cloud albedo feedbacks enhancing the warming in most of the models, but by 0 widely varying amounts. The responses to mid-Pliocene climate forcing in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes are substantially different between the climate models, with the only consistent response being a warming due to increased greenhouse gases. In the high latitudes all the energy balance components become important, but the dominant warming infiuence comes from the clear sky albedo. This demonstrates the importance of specified ice sheet and high latitude vegetation boundary conditions and simulated sea ice and snow albedo feedbacks. The largest components in the overall uncertainty are associated with cloud albedo feedbacks in the tropics and polar clear sky albedo, particularly in sea ice regions. These simulations show that high latitude albedo feedbacks provide the most significant enhancements to Pliocene greenhouse warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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95. Irish endocrine society

Author

Bowie, A., primary, Owens, D., additional, Collins, P., additional, Johnson, A., additional, Tomkin, G. H., additional, Barakat, M., additional, Carson, D., additional, Hetherton, A. M., additional, Smyth, P., additional, Leslie, H., additional, Long, H. A., additional, O’Herlihy, C., additional, Smyth, P. P. A., additional, Kirby, J., additional, Fiad, T. M., additional, Cunningham, S. K., additional, McKenna, T. J., additional, Devlin, J. G., additional, Brosnan, E., additional, Beatty, O. L., additional, Harper, R., additional, Sheridan, B., additional, Atkinson, A. B., additional, Bell, P. M., additional, O’Hare, J. A., additional, Abuaisha, F., additional, Geoghegan, M., additional, Brennan, G. M., additional, Donnelly, J. P., additional, McGrath, L. T., additional, McVeigh, G. E., additional, Johnston, G. D., additional, Hayes, J. R., additional, O’Brien, T., additional, Nguyen, T. T., additional, Kottke, B. A., additional, Drury, R., additional, Powell, D., additional, Dundon, S., additional, Hoey, H., additional, Gill, D., additional, Firth, R. G. H., additional, Humphreys, M., additional, Cronin, C. C., additional, Barry, D. G., additional, Ferriss, J. B., additional, Freaney, R., additional, NcBrinn, Y., additional, McKenna, M. J., additional, Dunne, F. P., additional, Lee, S., additional, Ratcliffe, W. A., additional, Heath, D. A., additional, Gleeson, C. M., additional, Curry, W. J., additional, Johnston, C. F., additional, Buchanan, K. D., additional, Hunter, S. J., additional, Callender, M. E., additional, Daughaday, W. H., additional, McKnight, J. A., additional, Mcllrath, E. M., additional, Teale, J. D., additional, Hayes, F., additional, O’Brien, A., additional, O’Brien, C., additional, Fitzgerald, M. X., additional, Jones, R., additional, Collins, P. B., additional, Johnson, A. H., additional, O’Meara, N. M., additional, Blackman, J. D., additional, Ehrmann, D. A., additional, Rosenfield, R. L., additional, Polonsky, K. S., additional, Culliton, M., additional, and Dunbar, J., additional

Published
1993
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98. Diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease at a busy diabetes clinic: A study of Outpatient Care and suggestions for improved care pathways at a subspecialty specialist diabetic renal clinic.

Author

Graham, U. M., Magee, G. M., Hunter, S. J., and Atkinson, A. B.

Abstract

Prior to establishing a specialist diabetic renal clinic in our unit, we studied across 12 months all 1845 patients attending one of our diabetes clinics with a serum creatinine >150µmol/l. Diabetic control was examined along with renal function and cardiovascular risk using current audit standards. 74 such patients were identified (male:female 54:20 mean HbA In 7.8% (sd±1.45) and age 64.2years (± 12.8). 30 patients had creatinine >200µmol/l and 15 >250µmol/l. Using the chronic kidney disease classification, 33, 28 and 6 patients were in groups III, IV and V with 7 patients undergoing renal replacement therapy. 65% of patients met JBS2 audit standards of blood pressure using a mean of 2.93 agents (sd±1.43). Ace-inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers were used in 81% and 81% were on regular antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy. Audit standard for total cholesterol and LDL were met in 89% and 97% of patients respectively. All patients identified in our study were in CKD class III-V and therefore we considered also alternative inclusion criteria. 136 patients had a urinary ACR ≥ 30mg/mmol. Using this and/or the serum creatinine level above identified 197 patients from the clinic. This study shows that measurement of serum creatinine alone is not sufficiently sensitive but extended criteria identified a 10% subgroup who will now be offered detailed assessments and intensified therapies at a subspecialty in-house renal clinic, eGFR has recently been added to our computerised proforma and will enable us to further refine inclusion criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010

100. Modelling Maastrichtian climate: investigating the role of geography, atmospheric CO2 and vegetation.

Author

Hunter, S. J., Valdes, P. J., Haywood, A. M., and Markwick, P. J.

Abstract

In this paper we describe the results from an ensemble of palaeoclimate simulations of the Maastrichtian using the fully-coupled dynamic ocean-atmosphere General Circulation Model, HadCM3L. Using appropriate Maastrichtian boundary conditions, we investigate the sensitivity of the predicted palaeoclimate to changing atmospheric CO2 levels and modelled vegetation treatment. In addition, we explore the climatic response to the changed geography using a comparison with a pre-industrial experiment. We describe our results alongside the findings of previous modelling studies in particular with consideration to concepts of climate equability. Our findings demonstrate increased global temperatures compared with the pre-industrial experiment, with a 5.9°C increase in temperatures associated with the change to 1xCO2 Maastrichtian conditions and a further 3.9°C warming associated with a quadrupling of atmospheric CO2 levels. Compared to the pre-industrial we find a latitudinal temperature profile that is reduced in gradient and shifted to higher temperatures. Our control 4xCO2 Maastrichtian experiment exceeds the pre-industrial by 6.5-8.6°C, 7.4-11.2°C, and 10.1-32.4°C in the equatorial, mid and high latitudes respectively. We also find a general pattern of increased thermal seasonality in the high latitudes. In terms of global mean annual temperatures we find a range of 18.1-23.6°C for our 1-6xatmospheric CO2 envelope. Other than in the northern high latitudes we find satisfactory levels of agreement between the ensemble temperature envelope and estimates from palaeotemperature proxies. The inclusion of a dynamic vegetation model (TRIFFID) leads to a further increase in the thermal seasonality at high latitudes, warming in the mid to high latitudes and increased precipitation in the low and mid latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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