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In-flight shutdown (IFSD) of civil aviation engine can result in catastrophic accident and has been attracting more and more attention. This paper presents a new solution, which based on Bayesian Networks, to diagnose IFSD. Fleet data of china occurred in last twelve years was used to establish the network with four layers. After designating the conditional probability between two nodes which were located on the adjacent layers, it can be obtained that to what extent one factor can lead to IFSD. At last, the verification was given to prove that this solution is useful to diagnose IFSD.

Aero2k and SAGE model havebeen developed in the contemporary society when emissions attract extensive attention, especially on aviation emissions. In this paper, origin and functions of SAGE model are introduced simply, while its calculation model is analyzed in detail. Based on SAGE model, process analysis of calculating aviation emissions has been made and Calculation procedure has been designed, then software about calculation of aviation emissions has been developed according to the procedure. There is no much deviation between true values and results based on the software, which is a good proof of feasibility of the software.

Background and Objective Octamer-4 (Oct4), a transcription factor involved in regulating human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), may play a role in tumorigenesis. Since little is known about the efficacy of Oct4 as a potential biomarker for gastric cancer (GC), we investigated its expression in GC tissues and its relationship to various clinicopathological parameters. Methods Primary tumor tissues and matching, adjacent non-cancerous tissues were obtained from 62 GC patients, and Oct4 expression was examined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. Twenty biopsy specimens of atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer individually were collected as control. To detect Oct4 expression in the paired GC and non-cancerous tissues at the protein level, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between Oct4 expression and clinicopathological parameters. Results Oct4 expression levels were higher in GC tissues compared to matching, adjacent non-cancerous tissues, atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer tissues. Additionally, Oct4 expression in GC tumors correlated with their differentiation status, but not with patient age or gender, tumor size, TNM stage, depth of invasion, or the presence of lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Oct4 may be a potential biomarker for the initiation, progression, and differentiation of human GC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:414–419. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

PLNPK is a pentapeptide compound extracted from pig spleen with a Pro-Leu-Asn-Pro-Lys molecular structure. The spleen is the biggest immune organ in the body, in which there are lots of immunocytes and immune molecules. Our pilot study showed that PLNPK could suppress the transformation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and the production of antibodies in mice. It is widely accepted that most types of glomerulonephritis are immunological diseases caused by the reaction of antigen and antibody. Both humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity contribute to the progress of these diseases, and suppression of immunoreactions and inflammation is important to ameliorate nephritis. After the immunosuppressive effects of this compound were discovered, this study also examined whether PLNPK had beneficial effects on a rat model of glomerulonephritis. The results suggested PLNPK (200microg/kg/d and 400microg/kg/d) reduced urinary protein excretion, lessened the deposit of autoantibodies along the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), reduced formation of crescent and protein casts, and ameliorated glomerular fibrosis and GBM injury. After treatment with PLNPK (200microg/kg/d and 400microg/kg/d) for 7 days, macrophage infiltration in the glomeruli was markedly reduced. Our results suggest that PLNPK has a beneficial effect on rat anti-GBM nephritis.

High-quality protein crystals of suitable size are an important prerequisite for applying X-ray crystallography to determine the 3-dimensional structure of proteins. However, it is often difficult to obtain protein crystals of appropriate size and quality because nucleation and growth processes can be unsuccessful. Here, we show that by adsorbing proteins onto porous polystyrene-divinylbenzene microspheres (SDB) floating on the surface of the crystallisation solution, a localised high supersaturation region at the surface of the microspheres and a low supersaturation region below the microspheres can coexist in a single solution. The crystals will easily nucleate in the region of high supersaturation, but when they grow to a certain size, they will sediment to the region of low supersaturation and continue to grow. In this way, the probability of crystallisation and crystal quality can be simultaneously increased in a single solution without changing other crystallisation parameters.

Background To investigate the drug resistant gene profiles and molecular typing of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates collected from clinical specimens in a comprehensive hospital, Jiangsu province. Methods This study included 120 patients in a comprehensive hospital with drug-resistant A. baumannii infections on clinical specimens from October 2011 to December 2013. Antibiotic susceptibility test was determined by Vitek 2 Compact system. OXA-51, OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-58, VIM, IMP, SHV, GES, TEM, AmpC, qacEΔ1-sul1, intI l, CarO, aac(6′)-Ib, and aac(6′)-II were analyzed by PCR. The analysis of molecular typing for 50 multidrug resistant A. baumannii isolates was performed by PFGE. Results A total of 64(53%) isolates were multidrug-resistant A.baumannii. The antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the resistant rates to common antibiotics of mutidrug-resistant A. baumannii were extremely high, most of which over 60%. One hundred and ten isolates harbored OXA-51 (91.7%), 100 for OXA-23(83.3%), 103 for VIM-1(85.8%), 90 for AmpC(75.00%), 50 for aac(6′)-Ib(41.7%), 77 for the loss of CarO (64.2%), 85 for intl1(70.8%), and 64 for qacEΔ1-sul1(53.33%), while OXA-24 was undetected. Fifty multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolates belong to 14 clones according to the PFGE DNA patterns. Main clone A includes 24 isolates, while clone B and clone C includes 6 and 9 isolates, respectively and others with no common source identified. Conclusion There is high morbidity of A. baumannii infections in the hospital, especially in ICU and sputum is the most common sample type.The mainly drug-resistant genes of A. baumannii are OXA-51, OXA-23, and VIM-1 in the hospital. Clonal dissemination provides evidence for the prevalence of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii among clinical isolates. It is suggested that there is an urgent need for effective control and prevention measures.

High-quality crystals are key to obtaining accurate three-dimensional structures of proteins using X-ray diffraction techniques. However, obtaining such protein crystals is often a challenge. Several containerless crystallization techniques have been reported to have the ability to improve crystal quality, but it is unknown which is the most favourable way to grow high-quality protein crystals. In this paper, a quality comparison of protein crystals which were grown under three containerless conditions provided by diamagnetic levitation, silicone oil and agarose gel was conducted. A control experiment on a vessel wall was also simultaneously carried out. Seven different proteins were crystallized under the four conditions, and the crystal quality was assessed in terms of the resolution limit, the mosaicity and theRmerge. It was found that the crystals grown under the three containerless conditions demonstrated better morphology than those of the control. X-ray diffraction data indicated that the quality of the crystals grown under the three containerless conditions was better than that of the control. Of the three containerless crystallization techniques, the diamagnetic levitation technique exhibited the best performance in enhancing crystal quality. This paper is to our knowledge the first report of improvement of crystal quality using a diamagnetic levitation technique. Crystals obtained from agarose gel demonstrated the second best improvement in crystal quality. The study indicated that the diamagnetic levitation technique is indeed a favourable method for growing high-quality protein crystals, and its utilization is thus potentially useful in practical efforts to obtain well diffracting protein crystals.

Octamer-4 (Oct4), a transcription factor involved in regulating human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), may play a role in tumorigenesis. Since little is known about the efficacy of Oct4 as a potential biomarker for gastric cancer (GC), we investigated its expression in GC tissues and its relationship to various clinicopathological parameters.Primary tumor tissues and matching, adjacent non-cancerous tissues were obtained from 62 GC patients, and Oct4 expression was examined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR. Twenty biopsy specimens of atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer individually were collected as control. To detect Oct4 expression in the paired GC and non-cancerous tissues at the protein level, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were employed. Correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between Oct4 expression and clinicopathological parameters.Oct4 expression levels were higher in GC tissues compared to matching, adjacent non-cancerous tissues, atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer tissues. Additionally, Oct4 expression in GC tumors correlated with their differentiation status, but not with patient age or gender, tumor size, TNM stage, depth of invasion, or the presence of lymph node metastasis.Oct4 may be a potential biomarker for the initiation, progression, and differentiation of human GC.

p53 gene plays an important role in regulating cell cycle, maintaining completeness of cellular genomes, inducing cell differentiation and apoptosis. p53 gene mutation occurs usually in gliomas, especially astrocytomas. This study was to investigate p53 gene mutation and its correlation to the development of glioma.p53 gene mutation in 41 specimens of human gliomas was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing.p53 gene mutations were found in 17 (41.5%) of the 41 specimens of gliomas. The p53 mutations located on exons 5-8: 7 cases (41.2%) on exon 5; 1 (5.9%) on exon 6; 4 (23.5%) on exon 7; 5 (29.4%) on exon 8. The mutation rate of p53 gene was significantly higher in grade III-IV gliomas than in grade I-II gliomas (P0.01). DNA sequencing indicated that the p53 gene mutations were point mutations and deletions of exons in the 17 positive cases, including 13 cases (76.5%) of missense mutation, 2 cases (11.8%) of samesense mutation, and 2 cases (11.8%) of frame shift mutation. G_A and A--G were major base mutations (55.6%).p53 mutations always locate on exons 5 and 8. Missense mutation is major mutant type of p53 gene. p53 mutation plays an important role in the development and malignant transformation of human gliomas.

this study presents an empirical study to examine the performance and the determinants of technology outsourcing service in manufacturing firms in the Northeastern China. Using data collected in 94 large or medium-sized firms, we find that there existed a deep gap between the providers and the users of technology outsourcing services. The analysis also says that three factors which influence the outsourcing performance most in the process of innovation should be paid more attention to.

Objectives: The tripeptide tyroservatide (tyrosyl-seryl-valine, p-Tyr-Ser-Val-NH2, YSV) has been shown to have anti-tumor effects on experimental hepatocarcinoma. The study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of YSV on tumor growth, invasion and metastasis of lung cancers. Methods: Anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects of YSV were evaluated in three experimental systems. In C57BL/6 mice, a spontaneous metastasis model of Lewis lung cancer was used to study the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of YSV. A549 human lung carcinoma was used to create an orthotopic model in nude mice to investigate the anti-metastasis effect of YSV. Finally, an in vitro model using the B16F10 melanoma cell line was selected to observe the effect of YSV on adhesion and invasion, and to use immunocytochemistry to assay the expression of ICAM-1. Results: YSV inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth of Lewis lung carcinoma (p < 0.05) and markedly decreased lung metastases in the spontaneous metastasis model of Lewis lung cancer and the orthotopic model of A549 human lung carcinoma. In vitro, YSV reduced adhesion and invasion as well as the expression of ICAM-1 in tumor cells. Conclusion: YSV was able to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in lung cancer.

Table 2 of the article by Caoet al.[(2013),Acta Cryst.D69, 1901–1910] is corrected.