Search

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. Data reporting vertical transmission of HPV from the mother to the fetus are inconsistent and scant. Vertical transmission may occur by hematogenic route (transplacental), or by ascending contamination, or through the birth canal, which may result in the dreaded and rare laryngeal papillomatosis. Infected sperm at fertilization is a potential route of infection, too. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the rate of vertical transmission of HPV in HPV-positive pregnant women to their newborn infants, as well as the risk factors of HPV vertical transmission. Material and methods: The clinical material was provided by 136 pregnant women, aged 18-45 years. Out of this group, 30 (22.05%) women with abnormal Pap test and positive DNA HPV test were prospectively observed. Neonatal status, i.e. DNA HPV from the nasopharyngeal smear, was recorded in all infants during the perinatal period. The conventional Pap test was performed with the cervix brush in all women. The Bethesda 2011 classification system was applied. Results: An average C Reactive Protein (CRP) concentration in the studied pregnant women was 11.6083 (Std Dev – 12.93). The most frequent cytological findings in the cervical smears from the examined women were ASCUS, n=13 (43.3%), then – LSIL, n=10 (33.3%), HSIL- n=5 (16.7%) and AGC- n=2 (6.7%). In the neonates, the presence of LR HPV DNA was detected in 9 cases (30.0%) and HR HPV DNA in 7 cases (23.3%). Fourteen neonates (46.7%) tested HPV DNA negative in the perinatal period. Conclusions: HPV infection (incidental or chronic) is observed in approximately 22% of pregnant women from the Malopolska province. Neonatal HPV infection in HPV-positive women was observed in 53.3% of the subjects. CRP concentration > 10 mg/dl in the serum of pregnant women statistically significantly (p 0.001) reduces the risk of vertical transmission of HPV from the mother to the fetus.

Introduction: Important role is attributed to genetic polymorphisms influencing enzymatic activity in folate metabolism. These inherited genetic variants may influence fetal growth and fetal hypotrophy development. The aim of the study was to investigate the connection of 401A>G polymorphism of methyleneterahydrofolate dehydrogenasegene (MTHFD1) with increased risk of fetal hypotrophy. Material and methods: To the study group 120 women who delivered children with fetal hypotrophy and to the control group 120 healthy women were enrolled. Study group was divided into subgroups according to gestational age at delivery (52 patients

Introduction: Recent reports have suggested an association between genetic polymorphisms of dopamine receptors and the development of an increased risk of chronic hypertension, as well as preeclampsia (PE). Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the -48A>G DRD1 and -521C>T DRD4 polymorphisms in the etiology of PE among Polish women. Material and methods: Ninety-eight preeclamptic women and 120 healthy pregnant controls were enrolled in the study. The investigated polymorphisms of the DRD1 and DRD4 genes were identified using PCR/RFLP methods. Results: As far as the -48A>G DRD1 polymorphism is concerned, the mutated -48GG genotype was more often found in controls (14.2% ) than in the PE group (10.2%, ns), and the subgroup with severe PE (8.2%). Also, the frequency of the mutated -48G allele was higher in controls (39.6%) than in the PE group (33.2%, ns), and in the subgroup with severe PE (31.6%, ns). As for the -521C>T DRD4 polymorphism, a similar occurrence of the mutated -521TT genotype and the -521T allele in all of the investigate groups was observed. Lower serum concentrations of total protein (5.59 g/L and 5.57 g/L vs. 6.17 g/L in carriers of the -521CC genotype, p=0.02) were noted in patients with the mutated homozygous -521TT genotype and heterozygous -521CT genotype of DRD4. Conclusions: The obtained results suggest a possible protective role of the mutated -48G DRD1 allele in the etiology of preeclampsia, especially its severe form. The presence of the mutated -521T DRD4 allele could influence the decrease of total blood protein in preeclamptic patients. The observed frequency of dopamine DRD1 and DRD4 polymorphisms is similar to the distribution of these variants in other Caucasian populations.

Newborns of both high and low body weight, as well as of higher or lower gestational age and length are born within the wide range of the six weeks of the biological norm. The correlation between the fetal mass and height is high, however the correlation of those two basic features with the fetal maturity is half as high. In view of the above, in order to verify the proper time of pregnancy ending, particularly if it is an instrumental one, it is necessary to assess the newborn's maturity index, which is also an indicator of the mother's health. Consequently, the index has a prognostic value for assessment of both the mother's and the infant's morbidity. MATERIALS END METHODS: Human maturation process was evaluated by means of at least two ultrasonographic measurements of fetal parametersor = 28th week to determine an individual birth term in 2500 cases, construed as the day when the fetus reaches full maturity to self-dependent life and the mother becomes ready for the labor. Regardless of the method of assessment, the most important criterion of the sufficient pregnancy duration is the degree of the fetal maturity assessed immediately after the labor, i.e. Klimek's score (K) during the routine neonatal evaluation accompanied by the assessment of the newborn infant's adaptive efficiency expressed in the popular Apgar score (A).It was found that the point count in K score is a more sensitive index of the newborn infant's wellbeing than the A score. Fetal development in the mother's womb progresses according to the auxological laws, to which the K score point-count conforms, unlike the A score. This study summarizes the latest studies on this subject in infants born both from physiological and pathological labors.

The level of oxytocinase in the pregnant woman's blood is a sensitive marker of the efficiency of the hypothalamus/hypophisis/suprarenal glands in mother and fetus, as well as the quantity of hormone production, also in placenta, which determines the duration of pregnancy and the course of labor. In the study, the level of oxytocinase was measured before the labour in 485 pregnant women at risk of premature labour. After the mean duration of pregnancy of 264 +/- 12 days, 353 infants were born fully mature (group I), and 132 with the lowered maturity of 6-9 Klimek points (group II). In group II, the mean pregnancy duration (249 days), body mass (2700 g) and oxytocinase level (5.6 mumol/l/min) were significantly lower and tocolysis was necessary twice as often (41% vs. 21%). Independently of the level of newborn maturity in cases of tocolysis the mean level of oxytocinase was significantly 2.6 times lower (3 +/- 0.8 mumol/l/min) than in the other pregnant women (7.9 mumol/l/min). It proves, that low oxytocinasaemia becomes normal following the ACTH-depot therapy, which eliminates the necessity of tocolysis.

Apgar score remains permanent conquest of medicine due its objective evaluation of available point counting of the level and quickness of newborn's breathing-circulation system adaptation to the new environment. For its example the score of fetal and newborn's maturation evaluation has been described. The matter is in this so that Apgar score don't be using for evaluation of fetal maturity because it is easy to determine it directly. Of course, the higher fetal maturity level the higher probability of high Apgar score, and the quicker and better post-partum child's adaptation for independent life in new circumstances takes place.

The goal of the study was to assess the relationship of HindIII CG PAI-1 gene polymorphism with increased risk of recurrent miscarriages.A whole of 152 women with a history of at least two miscarriages were classified into analysis. The study group was divided twice (114 subjects with 2 miscarriages and 38 subjects with3 miscarriages, 123 subjects with miscarriages at13gw, and 29 subjects with miscarriages in21 gw). The controls consisted of 180 women with a positive history of at least one pregnancy and birth of a healthy term newborn, and a negative history of miscarriage. The analysed polymorphisms were determined by PCR/RFLP methods.The occurrence of HindIII GG genotype in the whole study group was 25.7% and 20.0% in controls (OR= 1.38, p=0. 14). HindIII G allele was also observed more frequently in the whole study group (45.7% vs. 42.2% in controls, OR=1. 15, p=0.20). The occurrence of HindIII GG genotype was higher in the subgroup of women with3 miscarriages (31.6% vs. 20.0% in controls, OR= 1.85, p=0.09). HindIII G allele was also noted more frequently in the subgroup of women with3 miscarriages (50.0% vs. 42.2% in controls, OR=1.37, p=0. 13). A tendency of higher frequency of HindIII GG genotype and HindIII G allele was also noted in the subgroup of patients with miscarriages in the first and second trimester (HindIII GG: 31.0% vs. 20.0% in controls, OR= 1.80, p=O. 14, HindIII G: 51.7% vs. 42.2% in controls, OR=1.4 7, p=0.11).Mutated HindIII G allele and HindIII GG genotype of HindIII CG polymorphism probably augment the risk of recurrent miscarriages.