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54. Reversal mechanism of an individual Ni nanotube simultaneously studied by torque and SQUID magnetometry

Author

Buchter, A., Nagel, J., Rüffer, D., Xue, F., Weber, D. P., Kieler, O. F., Weimann, T., Kohlmann, J., Zorin, A. B., Russo-Averchi, E., Huber, R., Berberich, P., Morral, A. Fontcuberta i, Kemmler, M., Kleiner, R., Koelle, D., Grundler, D., and Poggio, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Using an optimally coupled nanometer-scale superconducting quantum interference device, we measure the magnetic flux originating from an individual ferromagnetic Ni nanotube attached to a Si cantilever. At the same time, we detect the nanotube's volume magnetization using torque magnetometry. We observe both the predicted reversible and irreversible reversal processes. A detailed comparison with micromagnetic simulations suggests that vortex-like states are formed in different segments of the individual nanotube. Such stray-field free states are interesting for memory applications and non-invasive sensing., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures

Published
2013
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55. Nanoscale multifunctional sensor formed by a Ni nanotube and a scanning Nb nanoSQUID

Author

Nagel, J., Buchter, A., Xue, F., Kieler, O. F., Weimann, T., Kohlmann, J., Zorin, A. B., Rüffer, D., Russo-Averchi, E., Huber, R., Berberich, P., Morral, A. Fontcuberta i, Grundler, D., Kleiner, R., Koelle, D., Poggio, M., and Kemmler, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Nanoscale magnets might form the building blocks of next generation memories. To explore their functionality, magnetic sensing at the nanoscale is key. We present a multifunctional combination of a scanning nanometer-sized superconducting quantum interference device (nanoSQUID) and a Ni nanotube attached to an ultrasoft cantilever as a magnetic tip. We map out and analyze the magnetic coupling between the Ni tube and the Nb nanoSQUID, demonstrate imaging of an Abrikosov vortex trapped in the SQUID structure - which is important in ruling out spurious magnetic signals - and reveal the high potential of the nanoSQUID as an ultrasensitive displacement detector. Our results open a new avenue for fundamental studies of nanoscale magnetism and superconductivity., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2013
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56. Non-perturbative Interband Response of InSb Driven Off-resonantly by Few-cycle Electromagnetic Transients

Author

Junginger, F., Mayer, B., Schmidt, C., Schubert, O., Mährlein, S., Leitenstorfer, A., Huber, R., and Pashkin, A.

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Intense multi-THz pulses are used to study the coherent nonlinear response of bulk InSb by means of field-resolved four-wave mixing spectroscopy. At amplitudes above 5 MV/cm the signals show a clear temporal substructure which is unexpected in perturbative nonlinear optics. Simulations based on a two-level quantum system demonstrate that in spite of the strongly off-resonant character of the excitation the high-field pulses drive the interband resonances into a non-perturbative regime of Rabi flopping., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

Published
2012
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57. Ultrafast transient generation of spin-densitywave order in the normal state of BaFe2As2 driven by coherent lattice vibrations

Author

Kim, K. W., Pashkin, A., Schäfer, H., Beyer, M., Porer, M., Wolf, T., Bernhard, C., Demsar, J., Huber, R., and Leitenstorfer, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The interplay among charge, spin and lattice degrees of freedom in solids gives rise to intriguing macroscopic quantum phenomena such as colossal magnetoresistance, multiferroicity and high-temperature superconductivity. Strong coupling or competition between various orders in these systems presents the key to manipulate their functional properties by means of external perturbations such as electric and magnetic fields or pressure. Ultrashort and intense optical pulses have emerged as an interesting tool to investigate elementary dynamics and control material properties by melting an existing order. Here, we employ few-cycle multi-terahertz pulses to resonantly probe the evolution of the spin-density-wave (SDW) gap of the pnictide compound BaFe2As2 following excitation with a femtosecond optical pulse. When starting in the low-temperature ground state, optical excitation results in a melting of the SDW order, followed by ultrafast recovery. In contrast, the SDW gap is induced when we excite the normal state above the transition temperature. Very surprisingly, the transient ordering quasi-adiabatically follows a coherent lattice oscillation at a frequency as high as 5.5 THz. Our results attest to a pronounced spin-phonon coupling in pnictides that supports rapid development of a macroscopic order on small vibrational displacement even without breaking the symmetry of the crystal.

Published
2012
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58. Ultrafast Insulator-Metal Phase Transition in VO2 Studied by Multiterahertz Spectroscopy

Author

Pashkin, A., Kübler, C., Ehrke, H., Lopez, R., Halabica, A., Haglund, Jr., R. F., Huber, R., and Leitenstorfer, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The ultrafast photoinduced insulator-metal transition in VO2 is studied at different temperatures and excitation fluences using multi-THz probe pulses. The spectrally resolved mid-infrared response allows us to trace separately the dynamics of lattice and electronic degrees of freedom with a time resolution of 40 fs. The critical fluence of the optical pump pulse which drives the system into a long-lived metallic state is found to increase with decreasing temperature. Under all measurement conditions we observe a modulation of the eigenfrequencies of the optical phonon modes induced by their anharmonic coupling to the coherent wave packet motion of V-V dimers at 6.1 THz. Furthermore, we find a weak quadratic coupling of the electronic response to the coherent dimer oscillation resulting in a modulation of the electronic conductivity at twice the frequency of the wave packet motion. The findings are discussed in the framework of a qualitative model based on an approximation of local photoexcitation of the vanadium dimers from the insulating state., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures submitted to Physical Review B

Published
2011
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59. Femtosecond Quasiparticle and Phonon Dynamics in Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 Studied by Wideband Terahertz Spectroscopy

Author

Pashkin, A., Porer, M., Beyer, M., Kim, K. W., Dubroka, A., Bernhard, C., Yao, X., Dagan, Y., Hackl, R., Erb, A., Demsar, J., Huber, R., and Leitenstorfer, A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We measure the anisotropic mid-infrared response of electrons and phonons in bulk YBa2Cu3O7 after femtosecond photoexcitation. A line shape analysis of specific lattice modes reveals their transient occupation and coupling to the superconducting condensate. The apex oxygen vibration is strongly excited within 150 fs demonstrating that the lattice absorbs a major portion of the pump energy before the quasiparticles are thermalized. Our results attest to substantial electron-phonon scattering and introduce a powerful concept probing electron-lattice interactions in a variety of complex materials., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures + supplementary material

Published
2010
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60. Understanding local and macroscopic electron mobilities in the fullerene network of conjugated polymer-based solar cells: Time-resolved microwave conductivity and theory

Author

Aguirre, JC, Arntsen, C, Hernandez, S, Huber, R, Nardes, AM, Halim, M, Kilbride, D, Rubin, Y, Tolbert, SH, Kopidakis, N, Schwartz, BJ, and Neuhauser, D

Subjects
electron mobility, solar cells, conjugated polymers, fullerene networks, Materials, Chemical Sciences, Engineering, Physical Sciences
Abstract

The efficiency of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics is sensitive to the morphology of the fullerene network that transports electrons through the device. This sensitivity makes it difficult to distinguish the contrasting roles of local electron mobility (how easily electrons can transfer between neighboring fullerene molecules) and macroscopic electron mobility (how well-connected is the fullerene network on device length scales) in solar cell performance. In this work, a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) experiments, and space-charge-limit current (SCLC) mobility estimates are used to examine the roles of local and macroscopic electron mobility in conjugated polymer/fullerene BHJ photovoltaics. The local mobility of different pentaaryl fullerene derivatives (so-called 'shuttlecock' molecules) is similar, so that differences in solar cell efficiency and SCLC mobilities result directly from the different propensities of these molecules to self-assemble on macroscopic length scales. These experiments and calculations also demonstrate that the local mobility of phenyl-C60 butyl methyl ester (PCBM) is an order of magnitude higher than that of other fullerene derivatives, explaining why PCBM has been the acceptor of choice for conjugated polymer BHJ devices even though it does not form an optimal macroscopic network. The DFT calculations indicate that PCBM's superior local mobility comes from the near-spherical nature of its molecular orbitals, which allow strong electronic coupling between adjacent molecules. In combination, DFT and TRMC techniques provide a tool for screening new fullerene derivatives for good local mobility when designing new molecules that can improve on the macroscopic electron mobility offered by PCBM. The roles of local and macroscopic electron mobility in conjugated polymer/fullerene BHJ photovoltaics are examined via a combination of density functional theory, flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity, and space-charge-limit current (SCLC) mobility estimates. The local mobility of different fullerene derivatives ('shuttlecock' molecules) is similar, so differences in solar cell efficiency and SCLC mobilities result directly from the different propensities of these molecules to self-assemble on macroscopic length scales. © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Published
2014

66. Electrical conductance of atomic contacts in liquid environments

Author

Grüter, L., González, M. T., Huber, R., Calame, M., and Schönenberger, C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We present measurements of the electrical conductance $G$ at room temperature of mechanically controllable break junctions (MCBJ) fabricated from Au in different solvents (octane, DCM, DMSO, and toluene) and compare with measurements in air and vacuum. In the high conductance regime $G \agt G_0=2e^2/h$, the environment plays a minor role, as proven by the measured conductance histograms, which do not depend on the environment. In contrast, the environment significantly affects the electrical properties in the low conductance (tunneling) regime {$G << G_0$}. Here, we observe a systematic and reproducible lowering of the tunneling barrier height $\phi$. At shorter distances, a transition to a strongly suppressed apparent barrier height is observed in octane, providing evidence for the layering of solvent molecules at small inter-electrodes separations. The presented experimental configuration offers interesting perspectives for the electrical characterization of single molecules in a controlled environment., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

Published
2004

67. Search for Time-Reversal Violation in the beta-Decay of Polarized 8Li Nuclei

Author

Bodek, K., Haeberli, W., Huber, R., Kistryn, St., Lang, J., Navert, S., Naviliat-Cuncic, O., Sromicki, J., Stephan, E., and Zejma, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The transverse polarization of electrons emitted in the beta-decay of polarized 8Li nuclei has been measured. For the time reversal violating triple correlation parameter we find R = (0.9 +- 2.2)x10^{-3}. This result is in agreement with the standard model and yields improved constraints on exotic tensor contributions to the weak interaction. It also provides a new limit on the mass of a possible scalar leptoquark, m_{LQ} > 560 GeV/c^2 (90% C.L.)., Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters, 4 pages, 3 figures, uses revtex4

Published
2003
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70. Cross-Cultural Examination of Women's Body Image Perception.

Author

Huber, R. John

Abstract

The media's portrayal of the ideal body image has been shown to be a large determinant of one's body image perception. The desire to be excessively thin can be conceived of as an artifact of White-American culture largely due to the media's influence. This study looks at cultures that have had limited exposure to the American ideal and examines differences in perceptions of body image. Previous research has suggested the existence of cultural differences in body satisfaction, with Caucasian Americans exhibiting excessive concern about their current weight and body image. A 4 X 4 factorial (culture x body image measure design) was used to compare female body image perceptions of Caucasian Americans, African-Americans, Hungarians, and former Soviet Georgians. A significant culture-by-body-image measure interaction was found, with White-Americans showing more desire to be thin than all other cultural groups. Georgian women, like American Caucasians, showed significant dissatisfaction with their body image as compared to Hungarian women, thus indicating that they may have adopted the American ultra-thin ideal through brief exposure to American culture. African-American women, however, were relatively satisfied with their body image which can be attributed, in part, to a lack of internalization of the White American standards for beauty and fashion. Contains 15 references. (RJM)

Published
1995

73. Multiple Andreev Reflection and Giant Excess Noise in Diffusive Superconductor/Normal-Metal/Superconductor Junctions

Author

Hoss, T., Strunk, C., Nussbaumer, T., Huber, R., Staufer, U., and Schonenberger, C.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We have studied superconductor/normal metal/superconductor (SNS) junctions consisting of short Au or Cu wires between Nb or Al banks. The Nb based junctions display inherent electron heating effects induced by the high thermal resistance of the NS boundaries. The Al based junctions show in addition subharmonic gap structures in the differential conductance dI/dV and a pronounced peak in the excess noise at very low voltages V. We suggest that the noise peak is caused by fluctuations of the supercurrent at the onset of Josephson coupling between the superconducting banks. At intermediate temperatures where the supercurrent is suppressed a noise contribution ~1/V remains, which may be interpreted as shot noise originating from large multiple charges., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, extended version

Published
1999
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74. Dual Amplification 850 nm FDML Laser

Author

Klufts, M., primary, Lotz, S., additional, Bashir, M. A., additional, Pfeiffer, T., additional, Mlynek, A., additional, Wieser, W., additional, Chamorovskiy, A., additional, Shidlovski, V., additional, Podoleanu, A., additional, and Huber, R., additional

Published
2023
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77. Fundbericht 2022 — Chronique archéologique 2022 — Cronaca archeologica 2022

Author

Ackermann, R., Aebersold, S., Allemann, H., Amoroso, H., Andereggen, M., André, I., Andres, B., Ansermet, Ch., Aschwanden, S., Auf der Maur, Ch., Baerlocher, J., Balet, J., Baur, Ch., Beeler, P., Benazeth, I., Bertschi, M., Berweger, M., Bondi, C., Braillard, S., Bregnard, L., Brenet, F., Broillet-Ramjoué, E., Bucher, J., Bucher, R., Buess, M., Burkhardt, L., Cardani Vergani, R., Casaulta, M., Chamberlain, S., Chaudet, V., Chauvière, F.-X., Chevassu, V., Colaizzi, I., Consagra, G., Constantin, Th., Cornelissen, M., Cortese, R., de Chambrier, A., de Weck, A., Deák, J., Debard, J., Desarzens, N., Dorthe, A., Doswald, St., Fahrni, M.-J., Fallet, C., Fankhauser, J., Fischer, A., Flück, M., Freitag, A., Freitag, L., Frey, J., Gallay, A., Gantner, M., Gerber, Ch., Giger, M., Gillioz, M., Giozza, G., Glaus, M., Gollnick, U., Graber, S., Grutsch, C., Guex, M.-P., Guichon, R., Gut, C., Harb, Ch., Hart, B., Heinzle, B., Held, J., Henny, Ch., Hertig, N., Hervé, C., Heubi, O., Hodel, C., Höpfer, B., Huber, A., Huber, R., Imhof, W., Jakob, B., Janke, R., Javet, R., Jecker, D., Jobin, P., Junod, O., Käch, D., Kaufmann, S., Kienholz, A., Kissling, C., Klingen, S., Koch, P., König, K., Kramer, L., Kraus, S., Kündig, Ch., Langenegger, F., Lanthemann, F., Lanzicher, A. F., Leuzinger, U., Liboutet, M., Liechti, U., Locatelli, D., Löckher, C., Luisoni, G., Lüscher, R., Maciejczak, M., Maibach, J., Maise, Ch., Margot, W., Maroelli, D., Marti, A., Marti, R., Martin, E., McCullough, F., Meier Mohamed, G., Menna, F., Messner, F., Michel, Ch., Monnier, J., Mosetti, L., Motschi, A., Müller, W., Näf, N., Nagy, P., Nicolet, G., Nieberle, M., Nogara, G., Oberhänsli, M., Obrecht, J., Papucci, L., Pedrucci, A., Peter, M., Petit, X., Pfyffer, J., Pignolet, A., Pilloud, R., Pittet, B., Pradervand, A.-L., Presset, O., Reinhard, J., Reitmaier-Naef, L., Reitmaier, Th., Richner, L., Rubeli, L., Rüedi, K., Ruffieux, M., Savary, J., Schaeren, G., Schäppi, K., Schärer, L., Scheiber, E., Schenk, A., Schindler, M. P., Schmelzbach, C., Schmidig, R., Schmidt, V., Schopfer, A., Schwind, S., Segond, A.-L., Sele, R., Signer, A., Sliwinski, A., Spielmann, J., Spiess, C., Steiner, L., Steinhauser, R., Șuteu, C., Tenud, A., Thomas, P., Thorimbert, S., Tortoli, F., Trumm, J., Tuchschmid, F., van Willigen, S., Vigneau, H., von Wartburg, J., Wälchi, D., Walser, Ch., Wegmüller, F., Wimmer, J., Winkler, A., Wulf, D., and Wyss, B.

Abstract

Der archäologische Fundbericht enthält Nachrichten und Notizen über Neufunde und Grabungen in der Schweiz. Wir danken allen Autoren, die Beiträge und Bildmaterial zur Verfügung gestellt haben. La chronique archéologique renseigne sur des fouilles et des découvertes récentes en Suisse. Nous remercions tous ceux qui ont mis à notre disposition leurs rapports et leurs illustrations. La cronaca archeologica informa su scoperte recenti e scavi in Svizzera. A tutti lizzare le loro relazioni e documentazioni fotografiche.

Published
2023
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78. Temporal Characterization of Femtosecond Laser-Plasma-Accelerated Electron Bunches using THz Radiation

Author

van Tilborg, J., Schroeder, C.B., Filip, C.V., Toth, Cs., Geddes, C.G.R., Fubiani, G., Huber, R., Kaindl, R.A., Esarey, E., and Leemans, W.P.

Subjects
Particle accelerators, femtosecond laser plasma acceleration
Abstract

The temporal pro le of relativistic laser-plasma-accelerated electron bunches has been characterized. Coherent transition radiation at THz frequencies, emitted at the plasma-vacuum boundary, is measured through electro-optic sampling. The data indicates that THz radiation is emitted by a skewed bunch with a sub-50 fs rise time and a ~; 600 fs tail (half-width-at-half-maximum), consistent with ballistic debunching of 100 percent-energy-spread beams. The measurement demonstrates both shot-to-shot stability of the laser-plasma accelerator and femtosecond synchronization between bunch and probe beam.

Published
2005

80. From ESONET multidisciplinary scientific community to EMSO novel European research infrastructure for ocean observation

Author

Person, R., Favali, P., Ruhl, H. A., Beranzoli, L., Rolin, J.-F., Waldmann, C., Huber, R., Auffret, Y., Çağatay, M. Namık, Cannat, M., Dañobeitia, J. J., Delory, E., Diepenbroek, M., de Stigter, H., de Miranda, J. M. A., Ferré, B., Gillooly, M., Grant, F., Greinert, J., Hall, P. O. J., Lykousis, V., Mienert, J., Puillat, I., Priede, I. G., Thomsen, L., Favali, Paolo, Beranzoli, Laura, and De Santis, Angelo

Published
2015
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83. Respirationstrakt

Author

Baur, X., Huber, R., Dörfler, Hans, editor, Eisenmenger, Wolfgang, editor, Lippert, Hans-Dieter, editor, and Wandl, Ursula, editor

Published
2015
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87. Build-up and dephasing of Floquet–Bloch bands on subcycle timescales

Author

Ito, S., primary, Schüler, M., additional, Meierhofer, M., additional, Schlauderer, S., additional, Freudenstein, J., additional, Reimann, J., additional, Afanasiev, D., additional, Kokh, K. A., additional, Tereshchenko, O. E., additional, Güdde, J., additional, Sentef, M. A., additional, Höfer, U., additional, and Huber, R., additional

Published
2023
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88. Cyclotron and magnetoplasmon resonances in bilayer graphene ratchets

Author

Mönch, E., primary, Potashin, S. O., additional, Lindner, K., additional, Yahniuk, I., additional, Golub, L. E., additional, Kachorovskii, V. Yu., additional, Bel'kov, V. V., additional, Huber, R., additional, Watanabe, K., additional, Taniguchi, T., additional, Eroms, J., additional, Weiss, D., additional, and Ganichev, S. D., additional

Published
2023
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90. The sleeping brain's connectivity and family environment: characterizing sleep EEG coherence in an infant cohort.

Author

Markovic, A., Schoch, S.F., Huber, R., Kohler, M., Kurth, S., Markovic, A., Schoch, S.F., Huber, R., Kohler, M., and Kurth, S.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, Brain connectivity closely reflects brain function and behavior. Sleep EEG coherence, a measure of brain's connectivity during sleep, undergoes pronounced changes across development under the influence of environmental factors. Yet, the determinants of the developing brain's sleep EEG coherence from the child's family environment remain unknown. After characterizing high-density sleep EEG coherence in 31 healthy 6-month-old infants by detecting strongly synchronized clusters through a data-driven approach, we examined the association of sleep EEG coherence from these clusters with factors from the infant's family environment. Clusters with greatest coherence were observed over the frontal lobe. Higher delta coherence over the left frontal cortex was found in infants sleeping in their parents' room, while infants sleeping in a room shared with their sibling(s) showed greater delta coherence over the central parts of the frontal cortex, suggesting a link between local brain connectivity and co-sleeping. Finally, lower occipital delta coherence was associated with maternal anxiety regarding their infant's sleep. These interesting links between sleep EEG coherence and family factors have the potential to serve in early health interventions as a new set of targets from the child's immediate environment.

Published
2023

91. Lack of association between behavioral development and simplified topographical markers of the sleep EEG in infancy.

Author

Beaugrand, M., Jaramillo, V., Markovic, A., Huber, R., Kohler, M., Schoch, S.F., Kurth, S., Beaugrand, M., Jaramillo, V., Markovic, A., Huber, R., Kohler, M., Schoch, S.F., and Kurth, S.

Abstract

01 november 2023, Contains fulltext : 294762.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), The sleep EEG mirrors neuronal connectivity, especially during development when the brain undergoes substantial rewiring. As children grow, the slow-wave activity (SWA; 0.75-4.25 Hz) spatial distribution in their sleep EEG changes along a posterior-to-anterior gradient. Topographical SWA markers have been linked to critical neurobehavioral functions, such as motor skills, in school-aged children. However, the relationship between topographical markers in infancy and later behavioral outcomes is still unclear. This study aims to explore reliable indicators of neurodevelopment in infants by analyzing their sleep EEG patterns. Thirty-one 6-month-old infants (15 female) underwent high-density EEG recordings during nighttime sleep. We defined markers based on the topographical distribution of SWA and theta activity, including central/occipital and frontal/occipital ratios and an index derived from local EEG power variability. Linear models were applied to test whether markers relate to concurrent, later, or retrospective behavioral scores, assessed by the parent-reported Ages & Stages Questionnaire at ages 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Results indicate that the topographical markers of the sleep EEG power in infants were not significantly linked to behavioral development at any age. Further research, such as longitudinal sleep EEG in newborns, is needed to better understand the relationship between these markers and behavioral development and assess their predictive value for individual differences.

Published
2023

92. Farm typologies for understanding farm systems and improving agricultural policy

Author

Huber, R., Bartkowski, Bartosz, Brown, C., El Benni, N., Feil, J.-H., Grohmann, P., Leonhardt, H., Mitter, H., Müller, Birgit, Huber, R., Bartkowski, Bartosz, Brown, C., El Benni, N., Feil, J.-H., Grohmann, P., Leonhardt, H., Mitter, H., and Müller, Birgit

Abstract

CONTEXTFarm typologies help to identify patterns across a wide range of farm systems and describe heterogeneity in agriculture concisely. They can also support the design of agricultural policies by providing information and knowledge about policy target groups. For example, voluntary agri-environmental schemes could be tailored to specific agricultural landscapes and farm types. Farm typologies, however, are often developed from scratch, with limited connection to previous studies and policy making.OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study is to clarify the purposes of farm typologies in research and agricultural policy making and to develop a framework that allows to increase the usefulness and usability of farm typologies for agricultural policy making.METHODSBased on a review of 13 systematically identified overview studies on farm typologies, we develop a framework that establishes connections between the purposes of farm typologies along the different stages of the policy process.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSWe find multiple purposes for farm typologies, the two most common of which are for understanding the characteristics, heterogeneity, and development of farm systems and for policy making. The newly developed framework suggests that connecting knowledge across these purposes could improve the validity, transferability, and relevance of farm typologies for agricultural policy making. Our framework also provides an entry point for encouraging cooperation between developers and users of typologies, and for the improvement of typologies through new data (including behavioural data) and methods such as machine learning. We conclude that future research can build on the existing work on farm typologies but must be aware of the specific challenges that are associated with the use of farm typologies in the policy process.SIGNIFICANCEKnowledge of the prospects and challenges of using farm typologies allows to increase the usefulness and usabilityof these typologies and can co

Published
2023

93. How to keep it adequate: A protocol for ensuring validity in agent-based simulation

Author

Troost, Christian., Huber, R., Bell, A.R., van Delden, H., Filatova, T., Le, Q.B., Lippe, M., Niamir, L., Polhill, J.G., Sun, Z., Berger, T., Troost, Christian., Huber, R., Bell, A.R., van Delden, H., Filatova, T., Le, Q.B., Lippe, M., Niamir, L., Polhill, J.G., Sun, Z., and Berger, T.

Abstract

There has so far been no shared understanding of validity in agent-based simulation. We here conceptualise validation as systematically substantiating the premises on which conclusions from simulation analysis for a particular modelling context are built. Given such a systematic perspective, validity of agent-based models cannot be ensured if validation is merely understood as an isolated step in the modelling process. Rather, valid conclusions from simulation analysis require context-adequate method choices at all steps of the simulation analysis including model construction, model and parameter inference, uncertainty analysis and simulation. We present a twelve-step protocol to highlight the (often hidden) premises for methodological choices and their link to the modelling context. It is designed to aid modelers in understanding their context and in choosing and documenting context-adequate and mutually consistent methods throughout the modelling process. Its purpose is to assist reviewers and the community as a whole in assessing and discussing context-adequacy.

Published
2023
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94. Estimated GFR and the Effect of Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering After Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Author

Anderson, C.S., Chalmers, J., Arima, H., Davis, S., Heeley, E., Huang, Y., Lavados, P., Neal, B., Parsons, M.W., Lindley, R., Morgenstern, L., Robinson, T., Stapf, C., Tzourio, C., Wang, J.G., Chen, S., Chen, X.Y., Cui, L., Liu, Z., Lu, C., Wang, J., Wu, S., Xu, E., Yang, Q., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Beer, R., Schmutzhard, E., Redondo, P., Kaste, M., Soinne, L., Tatlisumak, T., Wartenberg, K., Ricci, S., Klijn, K., Azevedo, E., Chamorro, A., Arnold, M., Fischer, U., Kaul, S., Pandian, J., Boyini, H., Singh, S., Rabinstein, A.A., Estol, C., Silva, G., Olavarria, V.V., Robinson, T.G., Simes, R.J., Bousser, M.-G., Hankey, G., Jamrozik, K., Johnston, S.C., Li, S., Bailey, K., Cheung, T., Delcourt, C., Chintapatla, S., Ducasse, E., Erho, T., Hata, J., Holder, B., Knight, E., Leroux, M., Sassé, T., Odgers, E., Walsh, R., Wolfowicz, Z., Chen, G., Fuentes, S., Peng, B., Schneble, H.-M., Wang, M.-X., Billot, L., Heritier, S., Li, Q., Woodward, M., Abimbola, S., Anderson, S., Chan, E., Cheng, G., Chmielnik, P., Leighton, S., Liu, J.-Y., Rasmussen, B., Saxena, A., Tripathy, S., Armenis, M., Baig, M.A., Naidu, B., Starzec, G., Steley, S., Moles, A., Ruiz, A., Zimmermann, M., Marinho, J., Alves, S., Angelim, R., Araujo, J., Kawakami, L., Bustos, C., Gonzalez, F., Munoz Venturelli, P., Chen, X., Jia, R., Li, N., Qu, S., Shu, Y., Song, A., Sun, J., Xiao, J., Zhao, Y., Huang, Q., Vicaut, E., Chamam, A., Viaud, M.-C., Dert, C., Fiedler, U., Jovis, V., Kabla, S., Marchand, S., Pena, A., Rochaud, V., Mallikarjuna, K., Hasan, N., Berge, E., Sandset, E.C., Forårsveen, A.S., Richardson, D., Kumar, T., Lewin, S., Poulter, N., Field, J., Anjum, A., Wilson, A., Perelmuter, H., Agarie, A.M., Barboza, A.G., Recchia, L.A., Miranda, I.F., Rauek, S.G., Duplessis, R.J., Dewey, H., Walker, L., Petrolo, S., Bladin, C., Sturm, J., Crimmins, D., Griffiths, D., Schutz, A., Zenteno, V., Miteff, F., Spratt, N., Kerr, E., Levi, C.R., Phan, T.G., Ma, H., Sanders, L., Moran, C., Wong, K., Read, S., Henderson, R., Wong, A., Hull, R., Skinner, G., Hand, P., Yan, B., Tu, H., Campbell, B., Blacker, D.J., Wijeratne, T., Pathirage, M., Jasinararchchi, M., Matkovic, Z., Celestino, S., Gruber, F., Vosko, M.R., Diabl, E., Rathmaier, S., Pfausler, B., Helbok, R., Fazekas, F., Fischer, R., Poltrum, B., Zechner, B., Trummer, U., Rutgers, M.P., Peeters, A., Dusart, A., Duray, M.-C., Parmentier, C., Ferrao-Santos, S., Brouns, R., De Raedt, S., De Smedt, A., VanHooff, R.-J., De Keyser, J., Martins, S.C.O., de Almeida, A.G., Broudani, R., Titton, N.F., de Freitas, G.R., Cardoso, F.M., Giesel, L.M., Lima, N.A., Jr, Ferraz de Almeida, A.C., Gomes, R.B., Borges dos Santos, T.S., Veloso Soares, E.M., Neto, O.L.A., Silva, G.S., Gomes, D.L., de Carvalho, F.A., Miranda, M., Marques, A., Zétola, V.F., de Matia, G., Lange, M.C., Montes, J., Reccius, A., Soto, A., Rivas, R., Klapp, C., Illanes, S., Aguilera, C., Castro, A., Figueroa, C., Benavides, J., Salamanca, P., Concha, M.C., Pajarito, J., Araya, P., Guerra, F., Li, Y., Liu, G., Wang, B., Chong, Y., He, M., Wang, L., Liu, J., Zhang, X., Lai, C., Jiang, H., Cui, S., Tao, Q., Zhang, Y., Yao, S., Xu, M., Xiao, H., Hu, J., Tang, J., Ji, H., Jiang, M., Yu, F., Yang, X., Guo, X., Wang, Y., Wu, L., Gao, Y., Sun, D., Huang, X., Liu, L., Li, P., Jiang, Y., Li, H., Lu, H., Zhou, J., Yuan, C., Qi, X., Qiu, F., Qian, H., Wang, W., Sun, W., Li, F., Liu, R., Peng, Q., Ren, Z., Fan, C., Wang, H., Wang, T., Shi, F., Duan, C., Chen, Z., Tan, X., Zhao, Z., Chen, J., Han, T., Zhang, L., Hu, Q., Hou, Q., Zhao, X., Zeng, G., Ma, L., Wang, F., Zeng, L., Guo, Z., Fu, Y., Song, Y., Tai, L., Liu, X., Su, X., Yang, Y., Dong, R., Xu, Y., Tian, S., Cheng, S., Su, L., Xie, X., Xu, T., Geng, D., Yan, X., Fan, H., Zhao, N., Wang, S., Yang, J., Yan, M., Li, L., Li, Z., Xu, X., Lian, Y., Sun, H., Liu, D., Wang, N., Tang, Q., Han, Z., Feng, L., Cui, Y., Tian, J., Chang, H., Sun, X., Liu, C., Wen, Z., Lin, Q., Sun, L., Hu, B., Zou, M., Bao, Q., Lin, X., Zhao, L., Tian, X., Wang, X., Li, X., Hao, L., Duan, Y., Wang, R., Wei, Z., Ren, S., Ren, H., Dong, Y., Cheng, Y., Liu, W., Han, J., Zhang, Z., Zhu, J., Qian, J., Sun, Y., Liu, K., Long, F., Peng, X., Zhang, Q., Yuan, Z., Wang, C., Huang, M., He, P., You, Y., Xia, J., Zhou, L., Hou, Y., Qi, Y., Mei, L., Lu, R., Ping, L., Zhou, S., Zhang, S., Zou, R., Guo, J., Li, M., Wei, W., Curtze, S., Saarela, M., Strbian, D., Scheperjans, F., De Broucker, T., Henry, C., Cumurciuc, R., Ibos-Augé, N., Zéghoudi, A.-C., Pico, F., Dereeper, O., Simian, M.-C., Boisselier, C., Mahfoud, A., Timsit, S., Merrien, F.M., Guillon, B., Sevin, M., Herisson, F., Magne, C., Ameri, A., Cret, C., Stefanizzi, S., Klapzcynski, F., Denier, C., Sarov-Riviere, M., Reiner, P., Mawet, J., Hervé, D., Buffon, F., Touzé, E., Domigo, V., Lamy, C., Calvet, D., Pasquini, M., Alamowitch, S., Favrole, P., Muresan, I.-P., Crozier, S., Rosso, C., Pires, C., Leger, A., Deltour, S., Cordonnier, C., Henon, H., Rossi, C., Zuber, M., Bruandet, M., Tamazyan, R., Join-Lambert, C., Juettler, E., Krause, T., Maul, S., Endres, M., Jungehulsing, G.J., Hennerici, M., Griebe, M., Sauer, T., Knoll, K., Huber, R., Knauer, K., Knauer, C., Raubold, S., Schneider, H., Hentschel, H., Lautenschläger, C., Schimmel, E., Dzialowski, I., Foerch, C., Lorenz, M., Singer, O., Meyer dos Santos, I.M.R., Hartmann, A., Hamann, A., Schacht, A., Schrader, B., Teíchmann, A., Wartenberg, K.E., Mueller, T.J., Jander, S., Gliem, M., Boettcher, C., Rosenkranz, M., Beck, C., Otto, D., Thomalla, G., Cheng, B., Wong, K.S., Leung, T.W., Soo, Y.O.Y., Prabhakar, S., Kesavarapu, S.R., Gajjela, P.K., Chenna, R.R., Ummer, K., Basheer, M., Andipet, A., Jagarlapudi, M.K.M., Mohammed, A.U.R., Pawar, V.G., Eranki, S.S.K., Singh, Y., Akhtar, N., Borah, N.C., Ghose, M., Choudhury, N., Ichaporia, N.R., Shendge, J., Khese, S., Pamidimukkala, V., Inbamuthaiah, P., Nuthakki, S.R., Tagallamudi, N.M.R., Gutti, A.K., Khurana, D., Kesavarapu, P., Jogi, V., Garg, A., Samanta, D., Sarma, G.R.K., Nadig, R., Mathew, T., Anandan, M.A., Caterbi, E., Zini, A., Cavazzuti, M., Casoni, F., Pentore, R., Falzone, F., Mazzoli, T., Greco, L.M., Menichetti, C., Coppola, F., Cenciarelli, S., Gallinella, E., Mattioni, A., Condurso, R., Sicilia, I., Zampolini, M., Corea, F., Barbi, M., Proietti, C., Toni, D., Pieroni, A., Anzini, A., Falcou, A., Demichele, M., Klijn, C.J.M., Tveiten, A., Thortveit, E.T., Pettersen, S., Holand, N., Hitland, B., Johnsen, S.H., Eltoft, A., Wasay, M., Kamal, A., Iqrar, A., Ali, L., Begum, D., Gama, G., Fonseca, L., Moreira, G., Veloso, L.M., Pinheiro, D., Paredes, L., Rozeira, C., Gregorio, T., Segura Martin, T., Ayo, O., Garcia-Garcia, J., Feria Vilar, I., Gómez Fernández, I., Amaro, S., Urra, X., Obach, V., Cervera, A., Silva, Y., Serena, J., Castellanos, M., Terceno, M., Van Eendenburg, C., Weck, A., Findling, O., Lüdi, R., Warburton, E.A., Day, D., Butler, N., Bumanlag, E., Caine, S., Steele, A., Osborn, M., Dodd, E., Murphy, P., Esisi, B., Brown, E., Hayman, R., Baliga, V.K.V., Minphone, M., Kennedy, J., Reckless, I., Pope, G., Teal, R., Michael, K., Manawadu, D., Kalra, L., Lewis, R., Mistry, B., Cattermole, E., Hassan, A., Mandizvidza, L., Bamford, J., Brooks, H., Bedford, C., Whiting, R., Baines, P., Hussain, M., Harvey, M., Fotherby, K., McBride, S., Bourke, P., Morgan, D., Jennings-Preece, K., Price, C., Huntley, S., Riddell, V.E., Storey, G., Lakey, R.L., Subramanian, G., Jenkinson, D., Kwan, J., David, O., Tiwari, D., James, M., Keenan, S., Eastwood, H., Shaw, L., Kaye, P., Button, D., Madigan, B., Williamson, D., Dixit, A., Davis, J., Hossain, M.O., Ford, G.A., Parry-Jones, A., O'Loughlin, V., Jarapa, R., Naing, Z., Lovelock, C., O'Reilly, J., Khan, U., Bhalla, A., Rudd, A., Birns, J., Werring, D.J., Law, R., Perry, R., Jones, I., Erande, R., Roffe, C., Natarajan, I., Ahmad, N., Finney, K., Lucas, J., Mistri, A., Eveson, D., Marsh, R., Haunton, V., Fugate, J.E., Lepore, S.W., Zheng, Danni, Sato, Shoichiro, Arima, Hisatomi, Heeley, Emma, Delcourt, Candice, Cao, Yongjun, Chalmers, John, and Anderson, Craig S.

Published
2016
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96. Capturing Polymer Chain Compression and Shock Driven Decomposition of Polytetrafluoroethylene During Dynamic Shock Compression with In Situ X-Ray Diffraction

Author

Huber, R. C., Watkins, E. B., Jordan, J. L., Dattelbaum, D. M., Brown, E. N., Bartram, B. D., and Gibson, L. L.

Abstract

Observations of unit cell compression or decomposition during dynamic shock loading requires the implementation of a probe capable of penetrating an opaque and evolving sample at elevated pressures and temperatures. By pairing synchrotron generated high energy X-rays and gas gun driven plate impact, we were able to study the evolution of the structure in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) at pressures spanning 1.84–52.9 GPa. Under the planar, one-dimensional, shockwave, the polymer was forced into an anisotropic conformation, in which the polymer chains assembled parallel to the shockwave. PTFE initially has a hexagonal crystal structure (Phase IV), once it was compressed above ~0.5 GPa it had a conformational change to the orthorhombic crystal structure (Phase III). The compression of the polymer chains was observed by X-ray diffraction, where the PTFE (110) peak shifted to higher qwith increased pressure; polymer chain compression was still observed at 30.0 GPa. The highest pressure shot, at 52.9 GPa, above the reactants to products transition region, showed no new carbon species formation within the given time window and q-range. By following the orthorhombic lattice diffraction peak, we were able to calculate the Hugoniot loci of the crystalline and amorphous parts for each dynamic event (LA-UR-22-31436).

Published
2024
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99. Prodromal Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke and Outcome in Basilar Artery Occlusion

Author

Weber, A.M., Donnan, G.A., Thijs, V., Peeters, A., de Freitas, G.R., Conforto, A.B., Miranda-Alves, M., Massaro, A., Ijäs, P., Bogoslovsky, T., Lindsberg, P.J., Weimar, C., Benemann, J., Kraywinkel, K., Haverkamp, C., Michalski, D., Weissenborn, K., Goertler, M., Kloth, A., Bitsch, A., Mieck, T., Machetanz, J., Möller, P., Huber, R., Kaendler, S., Rueckert, C., Audebert, H., Müller, R., Vatankhah, B., Pfefferkorn, T., Mayer, T.E., Szabo, K., Disque, C., Busse, O., Berger, C., Hacke, W., Schwammenthal, Y., Orion, D., Tanne, D., Bergui, M., Pozzati, E., Schonewille, W.J., Algra, A., Kappelle, L.J., Luijckx, G.J., Vroomen, P., Vergouwen, M.D., Roos, Y., Stam, J., Bienfait, P., de Leeuw, F.E., de Kort, P., Dippel, D., Baird, T., Muir, K., Pagola, J., Ribo, M., Molina, C., Gonzales, A., Gil-Peralta, A., Norrving, B., Arnold, M., Fischer, U., Gralla, J., Mattle, H., Schroth, G., Michel, P., Engelter, S.T., Wetzel, S., Lyrer, P., Gandjour, J., Michael, N., Baumgartner, R., Tettenborn, B., Hungerbuehler, H., Wijman, C.A.C., Finley Caulfield, A., Lansberg, M., Schwartz, N., Venkatasubramanian, C., Garami, Z., Bogaard, S., Yatzu, F., Grotta, J., Conforto, Adriana B., de Freitas, Gabriel R., Schonewille, Wouter J., Kappelle, L. Jaap, and Algra, Ale

Published
2015
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