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Flexible and bio‐integrated electronics have attracted great attention due to their enormous contributions to personalized medical devices. Power sources, serving as one of the most important components, have been suffering from many problems, including deficient biocompatibility, poor stretchability, and unstable electrical outputs under deformed conditions, which limits the practical applications in flexible and bio‐integrated electronics. Here, we reported a fully stretchable magnesium (Mg)–air battery based on dual‐ions‐conducting hydrogels (SDICH). The high‐performance battery enables long‐term operation with lighting 120 lighting emitting diodes (LEDs) for over 5 h. Benefiting from the advanced materials and mechanical designs, the battery exhibits stability electrical outputs under stretching, which allows to operate ordinarily under various mechanical deformations without performance decay. Furthermore, the great biocompatibility of the battery offers great opportunity for biomedical applications, which is demonstrated by a self‐adaption wound dressing system. The in vitro and in vivo results prove that the self‐adaption wound dressing can effectively prevent wound inflammation and promote wound healing. By exploiting thermal feedback mechanics, the system can adjust antibiotic release rate and dosage spontaneously according to the real‐time wound conditions. The proposed fully stretchable Mg–air battery and self‐adaption wound dressing display great potential in skin‐integrated electronics and personalized medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multimodal force identification by electronic skin (E‐skin) provides comprehensive and precise tactile information that can enhance elaborated functions of fine tactile discrimination, robotic manipulation, and gesture recognition. However, it remains a great challenge to realize such complicated functions from a highly simplified E‐skin sensing system. Here, mimicking the multi‐mechanoreceptor synergistic effect in human skin, a simple, thin, soft, intelligent tactile sensor composed of an asymmetrically arrangement of strain sensing units array for multimodal tactile information decoding is reported. The E‐skin type tactile sensor exhibits good performance with excellent sensitivity for shear force (2.5 N–1), vertical force (0.11 kPa–1), that enables 3D force refactoring, as well as accurate recognition of sliding force for direction tracking. Another unique feature of the E‐skin type tactile sensor is the side force screen effect, that allows the tactile sensor to yield great accuracy and a gauge factor of 1492 in strain measuring. Furthermore, integration of the sensors into E‐skin array offers the capability of capturing dynamic and real‐time stress distribution on the hand in various conditions. This work provides a new route for complex force‐sensing from the simple structure and shows great potential in robotics, human‐machine interface, and virtual reality/augmented reality (VR/AR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the high flexibility, good conformability and lightweight, the next‐generation energy harvesters could exist in the format of epidermal electronics. They are able to convert the mechanical energy from daily body motions into electrical signals for energy harvesting and human‐machine interfaces. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have proven to be excellent candidates for wearable energy harvesters, however, the reported TENGs commonly face the hurdles of poor adhesion to skin and relative thick in geometry up to several cm. Herein, a series of ultrathin, soft, tattoo‐like triboelectric nanogenerators (TL‐TENGs) with well‐designed aesthetic patterns are introduced. With the ultrathin materials applied and state of art processing techniques in epidermal electronics, the TL‐TENGs present an outstanding mechanical property of high robustness and thickness of tens of μm. Besides, TL‐TENGs own remarkable electrical characteristics, the open‐circuit voltage and short circuit current can reach up to ≈180 V and ≈2.2 μA under constant tapping (≈16 kPa), respectively. With the well structural mechanics designs, the TL‐TENGs can be customized into various tattoo patterns, such as twelve Chinese zodiac signs. Demonstrations of TL‐TENGs in energy harvesting and the human‐machine interface indicate great potential in next generation wearable nanogenerators and internet of things. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead‐free perovskite single crystals (SCs) have made great progress in the field of optoelectronics. However, the desired large‐size Cs3Bi2X9 SCs (X = I/Br/Cl) with fast growth and high quality are still a great challenge. In this study, millimeter‐sized Cs3Bi2X9 SCs) are first prepared within 3 days by synergistic nucleation and supersaturation engineered method in a low‐temperature solution of ≈ 50 °C, which owns unprecedented advantages such as easily tunable different X element and fast growth period. Combined with the dynamics and thermodynamics of crystal growth, a layered growth model of Cs3Bi2Br9 (CBI) SCs is proposed through in situ observation of CBI SCs growth. The carrier dynamic behaviors of three different Cs3Bi2X9 SCs are investigated by ultrafast femtosecond transient absorption (fs‐TA). Furthermore, the electron transport dynamic of the (001) and (100) crystal faces of Cs3Bi2Br9 (CBB) is demonstrated by density functional theory calculations, evidencing the crystal facet‐dependent photoelectrical performance. What's more, optical imaging sensor based on 36 pixels Cs3Bi2Br9 photodetector with ultrahigh on/off ratio of 5909 and optical communication compiled with Morse code is achieved. This strategy to synthesize the CBX SCs is both conceptually simple and synthetically rapid, offers great potential for the development of free‐Pb perovskite single crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gustation is one of the five innate sensations for humans, distinguishing from vision, auditory, tactile, and olfaction, as which is a close and chemically induced sense. Despite the fact that a handful of gustation display technologies have been developed, the new technologies still pose significant challenges in miniaturization of the overall size for portability, enriching taste options within a limited working area, supporting natural human-device interaction, and achieving precisely controlled taste feedback. To address these issues, here, we report a set of intelligent and portable lollipop-shaped taste interfacing systems covering from 2 to 9 different taste options for establishing an adjustable taste platform in virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) environments. Tasteful and food-grade chemicals embedded agarose hydrogels serve as taste sources based on iontophoresis operation principle, with an adjustable feedback intensity and independent operation time by tuning the voltage input. To achieve portability and user-friendly operation, the devices are miniaturized into a gustation interface with 9-channel taste generators in the dimension of 8 cm × 3 cm × 1 cm. To realize both gustation and olfaction feedbacks in Metaverse, an olfaction interface based on 7-channel odor generators is also introduced into the gustation interface system. As a result, the demonstrations of our gustation interface systems in intelligent medical gustation assessment, remote shopping, and mixed reality have proven their advances and great progress in various potential application areas, ranging from human-machine interfaces, to biomedical science, and to entertainment., Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.

A textile material that can dynamically adapt to different environments while serving as an immediate alert system for early detection of life-threatening factors in the surroundings, not only enhances the individual's health management but also contributes to a reduction in energy consumption for space cooling and/or heating. In nature, different species have their own adaptation system to ambient temperature. Inspired by the army ant nest, herein a thermal adaptive textile known as Army ant Nest Textile (ANT) for thermal management and health monitoring is reported. This textile can promptly respond to perspiration, rapidly absorb sweat, and then transform its architecture to facilitate heat dissipation. Simultaneously, the colorimetric sensing function of ANT allows it to emulate the "site migration" behavior of the army ant nest, which empowers individuals to expeditiously identify multiple health-related signals such as body temperature, UV radiation, and sweat pH values, and warn them to move to a secure environment, thereby effectively reducing the likelihood of physical harm. Together with its excellent scalability and biocompatibility, the ANT offers a promising direction for the development of next-generation smart e-textiles for personal thermal and healthcare management, while satisfying the growing demand for energy saving., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Electronic skin has shown great application potential in many fields such as healthcare monitoring and human-machine interaction due to their excellent sensing performance, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. This paper starts from the materials selection and structures design of electronic skin, and summarizes their different applications in the field of healthcare equipment, especially current development status of wearable sensors with different functions, as well as the application of electronic skin in virtual reality. The challenges of electronic skin in the field of wearable devices and healthcare, as well as our corresponding strategies, are discussed to provide a reference for further advancing the research of electronic skin.