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Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between burnout and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among frontline nurses who went to assist the epidemic situation in Wuhan, China, during the outbreak in 2020. The study also explored the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of age in the main relationship. Background: The relationship between burnout and PTSD in nurse has rarely been investigated in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Understand the relationship between these variables can provide empirical evidence for developing interventions and protocols that improve the health of nurses in future public health emergencies. Design: An online cross‐sectional survey of targeted local 327 nurses who went to assist the COVID‐19 epidemic situation in Wuhan during the initial outbreak. Methods: This study was conducted in August 2020, the burnout scale, the PTSD scale and the depression scale were used to survey participants. The moderated mediation model was used to test research hypotheses. Results: Burnout could affect the PTSD symptoms in nursing staffs and depression could mediate this relationship. Age moderated the relationship between burnout/depression and PTSD, and the effects was strong and significant among younger participants in the relationship between burnout and PTSD. Conclusions: Burnout was identified as a core risk factor of PTSD in nurses. Depression and age played significant roles in the relationship between burnout and PTSD. Relevance to Clinical Practice: PTSD, as a symptom that manifests after experiencing a stressful event, should be a key concern among frontline healthcare professionals. This study suggests that PTSD in nurses can be further reduced by reducing burnout. Attention should also be paid to the PTSD status of nurses of different age groups. Patient or Public Contribution: Patients and the public were not involved in the design and implementation of this study. Frontline nurses completed an online questionnaire for this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extension of emerging renewable energy sources such as wind and water turbines, solar panels, and the increasing usage of electric vehicles requires the supply and distribution of energy in a small device on local scale and it has created new methods of supplying and selling electricity. Middle buyers and end users can obtain the local energy with the peer‐to‐peer trading method in this large and hierarchical market. This method enables market to manage and exchange the electricity between major suppliers and medium and local levels. Blockchain technology is developing in peer‐to‐peer exchange of electricity and acts as a reliable, efficient, and safe technology in the electricity trading market. In this method, while preserving the privacy of electricity users, by using smart contracts and by removing intermediaries in the energy supply and demand market, direct commercial interactions between energy suppliers and consumers are done. The blockchain technology, while creating trust between the parties in the energy market, reduces the cost of electricity trading and increases its scalability with using the intermediate energy aggregators. In this research, the blockchain‐based model, is presented for distribution and peer‐to‐peer transactions in the energy market. The suggested model provides the possibility of registration low‐cost instant transactions at the power grid in any specific period of time. The above method, unlike periodic payments, provides immediate access to bills and small payments. Since the transactions outside the blockchain chain are not recorded, this system guarantees its honest and independent operation without fraud and failure. The smart contract method based on blockchain, reduces the transaction fees and speeds up electricity trading. Also, the experimental investigation in 20 nodes shows the time required to determine the exchange contract in the blockchain method. The average is improved by 49.7% in this method. Also, the negotiation convergence time has become 47% faster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health emergency and a significant stressor to most people. The objective of this study was to examine the mental health status and social support level of participants from 2019 to 2020. The study aimed to investigate the changes in people's psychological capital state due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal study was performed to study the psychosocial predictors of mental health among a sample of 2,999 Chinese employees in 2019, and the follow-up survey was conducted one year later. Regression coefficients were visualized in a heatmap. Path analysis was performed base on the structural equation model (SEM) to measure the associations between study variables. The status of mental health, resilience, and optimism changed significantly during the pandemic (P < 0.05). The level of employee's social support in 2019 could significantly and positively predicted the level of employee's psychological capital in 2020, and the level of employee mental health in 2019 significantly and negatively predicted the level of employee psychological capital in 2020. The mental health of employees played an intermediary role between social support and psychological capital. These results highlight that the COVID-19 pandemic has a strong impact on the psychological capital of company employees. While demanding performance, corporations should ensure timely intervention in the mental health of their employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing transmission lines and pipelines are frequently crossed and erected in parallel, meaning that if lightning strikes a wire and causes insulator flashovers, the resulting lightning current will spread through the grounding of the tower where the flashover insulator is located. This dispersion of current can lead to overvoltage effects on nearby pipelines. This study performs simulation calculations to analyze the overvoltage experienced by pipelines due to the dispersion of grounding current from the tower. Furthermore, this paper proposes a method for protecting the pipeline from such an overvoltage. Firstly, the lightning transient calculation model of a transmission line tower is constructed using the electromagnetic transient software ATP-EMTP 5.5. The model calculates the effects of lightning peak currents and soil resistivity on the distribution characteristics of lightning current in the tower, specifically in the area where the flashover insulator is located. Subsequently, a calculation model of the tower grounding grid–natural gas pipeline is developed, taking into account the distribution characteristics of lightning current in the tower. This model analyzes the impact of lightning peak currents, soil resistivity, and pipeline spacing on pipeline overvoltage. Finally, the effectiveness of the solid-state decoupler in mitigating lightning overvoltage in the pipeline is verified. The results demonstrate a positive correlation between the lightning current entering the tower grounding grid through the flashover insulator and the lightning current distribution characteristics. The solid-state decoupling device proves to be effective in reducing the voltage of the pipeline insulation layer, and the simulation results provide the optimal laying length of the bare copper wire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, increasing communication of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, wearable sensors, healthcare applications and cloud providers provides power and energy consumption for high processing personal data and healthcare records. Cloud-edge data centers are processing enormous amount of electrical power resulting in high performance computing. One of the important challenges in this problem is Virtual Machine (VM) service placement that attempts to enhance energy management of VMs to cloud-edge service providers dynamically to support Service Level Agreement (SLA) metrics in IoT systems. Service placement is a very important issue because if VMs are not confident in the SLA of their critical data, IoT applications will not want to use existing resources safety. Providing a way to increase the Quality of Service (QoS) factors and energy efficiency of the service placement in the IoT environment is an important and critical issue because the use of IoT devices and wearable sensors increases energy consumption in human life in smart contracts. Therefore, this paper presents a hybrid Genetic algorithm and social spider optimization (GA-SSO) algorithm for an energy-aware service placement model in the IoT to manage data congestion and system safety. After conducting studies and comparisons, the accuracy and superiority of the proposed model were established. Experimental results show that the energy consumption with the proposed GA-SSO algorithm can be reduced 24% and we can achieve to the performance of QoS factors with fitness function 88% with compare to the other meta-heuristic algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive evaluation of the ecological cost of urban expansion is crucial for preventing ecosystem degradation and improving ecosystem governance. However, the indirect impacts of urban expansion through cropland displacement are grossly underestimated, particularly the spillover effects on distant regions. This study proposed a telecoupling framework for the total indirect ecological losses (TIEL) of urban expansion. It was divided into the near losses (NIEL) and distant losses (DIEL), depending on whether cropland displacement occurs inside or outside the region. An inter‐provincial network of DIEL can also be constructed by ecological impact embodied in food trade with other regions. We found that approximately 80% of urban expansion occurred on croplands, which caused indirect loss of 86,586 km2 of ecological land through cropland displacement in China during 2000–2019. The total indirect ecological losses were 8.4 times greater than direct losses at the average of all provinces. Food trade induced more serious indirect ecological losses owing to the higher yield difference between encroached cropland import regions and new cropland in export regions. The proportion of DIEL in TIEL was more than 50% in developed regions such as Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Jiangsu. The distant impacts of urban expansion in the eastern coastal provinces were mainly transferred to north‐eastern China and the rest of the world. This study identified the teleconnection between local urban development and distant environments and infromed inter‐regional ecological compensation policies to mitigate regional inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to further study the flexural properties of reinforced concrete beams after composite reinforcement, three composite beams and one cast-in-situ beam were tested under static load focusing on the bearing capacity, the law of crack development and the change of deflection. Test results demonstrate the yield strength, ultimate bending strength, and deflection of the composite beams are similar to those of the cast-in-situ beam, which confirms that the reinforced concrete composite beams can be used for reinforcement purposes in engineering projects.