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51. Astroparticle physics with a customized low-background broad energy Germanium detector

Author

Aalseth, CE, Amman, M, Avignone, FT, Back, HO, Barabash, AS, Barbeau, PS, Bergevin, M, Bertrand, FE, Boswell, M, Brudanin, V, Bugg, W, Burritt, TH, Busch, M, Capps, G, Chan, Y-D, Collar, JI, Cooper, RJ, Creswick, R, Detwiler, JA, Diaz, J, Doe, PJ, Efremenko, Yu, Egorov, V, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Ely, J, Esterline, J, Farach, H, Fast, JE, Fields, N, Finnerty, P, Fujikawa, B, Fuller, E, Gehman, VM, Giovanetti, GK, Guiseppe, VE, Gusey, K, Hallin, AL, Harper, GC, Hazama, R, Henning, R, Hime, A, Hoppe, EW, Hossbach, TW, Howe, MA, Johnson, RA, Keeter, KJ, Keillor, M, Keller, C, Kephart, JD, Kidd, MF, Knecht, A, Kochetov, O, Konovalov, SI, Kouzes, RT, Leviner, L, Loach, JC, Luke, PN, MacMullin, S, Marino, MG, Martin, RD, Mei, D-M, Miley, HS, Miller, ML, Mizouni, L, Meyers, AW, Nomachi, M, Orrell, JL, Peterson, D, Phillips, DG, Poon, AWP, Prior, G, Qian, J, Radford, DC, Rielage, K, Robertson, RGH, Rodriguez, L, Rykaczewski, KP, Salazar, H, Schubert, AG, Shima, T, Shirchenko, M, Steele, D, Strain, J, Swift, G, Thomas, K, Timkin, V, Tornow, W, Van Wechel, TD, Vanyushin, I, Varner, RL, Vetter, K, Wilkerson, JF, Wolfe, BA, Xiang, W, Yakushev, E, Yaver, H, Young, AR, Yu, C-H, and Yumatov, V

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Low-background, Germanium detector, Dark matter, Neutrino experiments, Neutrino properties, nucl-ex, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

The Majorana Collaboration is building the Majorana Demonstrator, a 60 kg array of high purity germanium detectors housed in an ultra-low background shield at the Sanford Underground Laboratory in Lead, SD. The Majorana Demonstrator will search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 76Ge while demonstrating the feasibility of a tonne-scale experiment. It may also carry out a dark matter search in the 110 GeV/c2 mass range. We have found that customized Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe) detectors produced by Canberra have several desirable features for a neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment, including low electronic noise, excellent pulse shape analysis capabilities, and simple fabrication. We have deployed a customized BEGe, the Majorana Low-Background BEGe at Kimballton (MALBEK), in a low-background cryostat and shield at the Kimballton Underground Research Facility in Virginia. This paper will focus on the detector characteristics and measurements that can be performed with such a radiation detector in a low-background environment. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2011

52. Depth Requirements for a Tonne-scale 76Ge Neutrinoless Double-beta Decay Experiment

Author

Collaboration, The MAJORANA, Aguayo, E, III, FT Avignone, Back, HO, Barabash, AS, Bergevin, M, Bertrand, FE, Boswell, M, Brudanin, V, Busch, M, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Collar, JI, Combs, DC, Cooper, RJ, Detwiler, JA, Doe, PJ, Efremenko, Yu, Egorov, V, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Esterline, J, Fast, JE, Fields, N, Finnerty, P, Fraenkle, FM, Gehman, VM, Giovanetti, GK, Green, MP, Guiseppe, VE, Gusey, K, Hallin, AL, Hazama, R, Henning, R, Hime, A, Hoppe, EW, Horton, M, Howard, S, Howe, MA, Johnson, RA, Keeter, KJ, Keillor, ME, Keller, C, Kephart, JD, Kidd, MF, Knecht, A, Kochetov, O, Konovalov, SI, Kouzes, RT, LaFerriere, BD, LaRoque, BH, Leon, J, Leviner, LE, Loach, JC, MacMullin, S, Marino, MG, Martin, RD, Mei, D-M, Merriman, JH, Miller, ML, Mizouni, L, Nomachi, M, Orrell, JL, Overman, NR, II, DG Phillips, Poon, AWP, Perumpilly, G, Prior, G, Radford, DC, Rielage, K, Robertson, RGH, Ronquest, MC, Schubert, AG, Shima, T, Shirchenko, M, Snavely, KJ, Sobolev, V, Steele, D, Strain, J, Thomas, K, Timkin, V, Tornow, W, Vanyushin, I, Varner, RL, Vetter, K, Vorren, K, Wilkerson, JF, Wolfe, BA, Yakushev, E, Young, AR, Yu, C-H, Yumatov, V, and Zhang, C

Subjects
nucl-ex
Abstract

Neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments can potentially determine theMajorana or Dirac nature of the neutrino, and aid in understanding the neutrinoabsolute mass scale and hierarchy. Future 76Ge-based searches target ahalf-life sensitivity of >10^27 y to explore the inverted neutrino masshierarchy. Reaching this sensitivity will require a background rate of ~5200 mwe is required for atonne-scale experiment with a compact shield similar to the planned 40-kgMAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR. The required overburden is highly dependent on thechosen shielding configuration and could be relaxed significantly if, forexample, a liquid cryogen and water shield, or an active neutron shield wereemployed. Operation of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR and GERDA detectors will serveto reduce the uncertainties on cosmic-ray background rates and will impact thechoice of shielding style and location for a future tonne-scale experiment. 4/2013: The peer review process revealed that one of the veto rejectionfactors (the factor-of-4 described on p12) needs to be better established. Ourreevaluation of this parameter to date has not yielded strong support for thevalue stated in the manuscript, and we require further study to develop a solidestimate. This further study will supersede the work described in thismanuscript, and may or may not lead to the same conclusion regarding the ~>5200mwe requirement for future tonne-scale 76Ge neutrinoless double beta decayexperiments.

Published
2011

53. Search for Neutrinoless Double- β Decay in Ge 76 with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Aalseth, CE, Abgrall, N, Aguayo, E, Alvis, SI, Amman, M, Arnquist, IJ, Avignone, FT, Back, HO, Barabash, AS, Barbeau, PS, Barton, CJ, Barton, PJ, Bertrand, FE, Bode, T, Bos, B, Boswell, M, Bradley, AW, Brodzinski, RL, Brudanin, V, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, AS, Caldwell, TS, Chan, YD, Christofferson, CD, Chu, PH, Collar, JI, Combs, DC, Cooper, RJ, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Doe, PJ, Dunmore, JA, Efremenko, Y, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Fast, JE, Finnerty, P, Fraenkle, FM, Fu, Z, Fujikawa, BK, Fuller, E, Galindo-Uribarri, A, Gehman, VM, Gilliss, T, Giovanetti, GK, Goett, J, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Hallin, AL, Haufe, CR, Hehn, L, Henning, R, Hoppe, EW, Hossbach, TW, Howe, MA, Jasinski, BR, Johnson, RA, Keeter, KJ, Kephart, JD, Kidd, MF, and Knecht, A

Subjects
nucl-ex, physics.ins-det
Abstract

© 2018 American Physical Society. The Majorana Collaboration is operating an array of high purity Ge detectors to search for neutrinoless double-β decay in Ge76. The Majorana Demonstrator comprises 44.1 kg of Ge detectors (29.7 kg enriched in Ge76) split between two modules contained in a low background shield at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. Here we present results from data taken during construction, commissioning, and the start of full operations. We achieve unprecedented energy resolution of 2.5 keV FWHM at Qββ and a very low background with no observed candidate events in 9.95 kg yr of enriched Ge exposure, resulting in a lower limit on the half-life of 1.9×1025 yr (90% C.L.). This result constrains the effective Majorana neutrino mass to below 240-520 meV, depending on the matrix elements used. In our experimental configuration with the lowest background, the background is 4.0-2.5+3.1 counts/(FWHM t yr).

Published
2018
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54. Search for Zero-Neutrino Double Beta Decay in 76Ge with the Majorana Demonstrator

Author

Aalseth, CE, Abgrall, N, Aguayo, E, Alvis, SI, Amman, M, Arnquist, IJ, III, FTA, Back, HO, Barabash, AS, Barbeau, PS, Barton, CJ, Barton, PJ, Bertrand, FE, Bode, T, Bos, B, Boswell, M, Brodzinski, RL, Bradley, AW, Brudanin, V, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, AS, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Collar, JI, Combs, DC, Cooper, RJ, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Doe, PJ, Dunmore, JA, Efremenko, Y, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Fast, JE, Finnerty, P, Fraenkle, FM, Fu, Z, Fujikawa, BK, Fuller, E, Galindo-Uribarri, A, Gehman, VM, Gilliss, T, Giovanetti, GK, Goett, J, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Hallin, AL, Haufe, CR, Hehn, L, Henning, R, Hoppe, EW, Hossbach, TW, Howe, MA, Jasinski, BR, Johnson, RA, Keeter, KJ, Kephart, JD, Kidd, MF, Knecht, A, Konovalov, SI, Kouzes, RT, Lesko, KT, LaFerriere, BD, Leon, J, Leviner, LE, Loach, JC, Lopez, AM, Luke, PN, MacMullin, J, MacMullin, S, Marino, MG, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, McDonald, AB, Mei, D-M, Meijer, SJ, Merriman, JH, Mertens, S, Miley, HS, Miller, ML, Myslik, J, Orrell, JL, O'Shaughnessy, C, Othman, G, Overman, NR, Pettus, W, II, DGP, Poon, AWP, Perumpilly, G, Pushkin, K, Radford, DC, Rager, J, Reeves, JH, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Robertson, RGH, Ronquest, MC, Ruof, NW, Schubert, AG, Shanks, B, Shirchenko, M, Snavely, KJ, Snyder, N, Steele, D, Suriano, AM, Tedeschi, D, Tornow, W, Trimble, JE, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Vetter, K, Vorren, K, White, BR, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yakushev, E, Yaver, H, Young, AR, Yu, C-H, Yumatov, V, Zhitnikov, I, Zhu, BX, Zimmermann, S, Aalseth, CE, Abgrall, N, Aguayo, E, Alvis, SI, Amman, M, Arnquist, IJ, III, FTA, Back, HO, Barabash, AS, Barbeau, PS, Barton, CJ, Barton, PJ, Bertrand, FE, Bode, T, Bos, B, Boswell, M, Brodzinski, RL, Bradley, AW, Brudanin, V, Busch, M, Buuck, M, Caldwell, AS, Caldwell, TS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Chu, P-H, Collar, JI, Combs, DC, Cooper, RJ, Cuesta, C, Detwiler, JA, Doe, PJ, Dunmore, JA, Efremenko, Y, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Fast, JE, Finnerty, P, Fraenkle, FM, Fu, Z, Fujikawa, BK, Fuller, E, Galindo-Uribarri, A, Gehman, VM, Gilliss, T, Giovanetti, GK, Goett, J, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guinn, IS, Guiseppe, VE, Hallin, AL, Haufe, CR, Hehn, L, Henning, R, Hoppe, EW, Hossbach, TW, Howe, MA, Jasinski, BR, Johnson, RA, Keeter, KJ, Kephart, JD, Kidd, MF, Knecht, A, Konovalov, SI, Kouzes, RT, Lesko, KT, LaFerriere, BD, Leon, J, Leviner, LE, Loach, JC, Lopez, AM, Luke, PN, MacMullin, J, MacMullin, S, Marino, MG, Martin, RD, Massarczyk, R, McDonald, AB, Mei, D-M, Meijer, SJ, Merriman, JH, Mertens, S, Miley, HS, Miller, ML, Myslik, J, Orrell, JL, O'Shaughnessy, C, Othman, G, Overman, NR, Pettus, W, II, DGP, Poon, AWP, Perumpilly, G, Pushkin, K, Radford, DC, Rager, J, Reeves, JH, Reine, AL, Rielage, K, Robertson, RGH, Ronquest, MC, Ruof, NW, Schubert, AG, Shanks, B, Shirchenko, M, Snavely, KJ, Snyder, N, Steele, D, Suriano, AM, Tedeschi, D, Tornow, W, Trimble, JE, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Vetter, K, Vorren, K, White, BR, Wilkerson, JF, Wiseman, C, Xu, W, Yakushev, E, Yaver, H, Young, AR, Yu, C-H, Yumatov, V, Zhitnikov, I, Zhu, BX, and Zimmermann, S

Abstract

The \MJ\ Collaboration is operating an array of high purity Ge detectors to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{76}$Ge. The \MJ\ \DEM\ comprises 44.1~kg of Ge detectors (29.7 kg enriched in $^{76}$Ge) split between two modules contained in a low background shield at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. Here we present results from data taken during construction, commissioning, and the start of full operations. We achieve unprecedented energy resolution of 2.5 keV FWHM at \qval\ and a very low background with no observed candidate events in 10 kg yr of enriched Ge exposure, resulting in a lower limit on the half-life of $1.9\times10^{25}$ yr (90\% CL). This result constrains the effective Majorana neutrino mass to below 240 to 520 meV, depending on the matrix elements used. In our experimental configuration with the lowest background, the background is $4.0_{-2.5}^{+3.1}$ counts/(FWHM t yr).

Published
2018

58. Changes in Abused Children's Social and Cognitive Skills from Intake to Discharge in a Residential Treatment Center

Author

Fran L. Tepper Ma, D. Patrick Zimmerman PsyD, Tasha R. Howe Ma, Ross D. Parke, Bonnie L. Halpern-Felsher, Robin H. Pugh, and Carol Tomlinson-Keasey

Subjects
Child abuse, medicine.medical_specialty, Acting out, Aggression, media_common.quotation_subject, Residential treatment center, behavioral disciplines and activities, Neglect, Covert, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Toileting, medicine, Cognitive skill, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Psychiatry, Law, media_common, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Victims of child abuse can experience severe developmental consequences in multiple areas of functioning. Providing a structured environment may be part of an effective treatment program for these children. The present study evaluates the social, behavioral and cognitive changes in children residing in the highly structured treatment program at Childhelp USA. Subjects were 159 boys and 87 girls aged 4 to 12 who were referred to Childhelp after being identified as victims of child abuse and/or neglect. Changes in problem behaviors, social functioning and WISC-R scores were measured at intake and again at discharge from Childhelp. Aggression, covert conduct problems, attention deficit hyperactive disorder symptoms, self-destructive behavior, withdrawn and anxious behavior, toileting problems, and sexual acting out were significantly reduced during the treatment period. WISC-R scores, oppositional and defiant behaviors, and peer relationship problems remained unchanged over the course of treatment. ...

Published
1997
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59. The {\sc Majorana Demonstrator} Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Experiment

Author

Collaboration, M, Abgrall, N, Aguayo, E, III, FTA, Barabash, AS, Bertrand, FE, Boswell, M, Brudanin, V, Busch, M, Caldwell, AS, Chan, Y-D, Christofferson, CD, Combs, DC, Detwiler, JA, Doe, PJ, Efremenko, Y, Egorov, V, Ejiri, H, Elliott, SR, Esterline, J, Fast, JE, Finnerty, P, Fraenkle, FM, Galindo-Uribarri, A, Giovanetti, GK, Goett, J, Green, MP, Gruszko, J, Guiseppe, VE, Gusey, K, Hallin, AL, Hazama, R, Hegai, A, Henning, R, Hoppe, EW, Howard, S, Howe, MA, Keeter, KJ, Kidd, MF, Knecht, A, Kochetov, O, Konovalov, SI, Kouzes, RT, LaFerriere, BD, Leon, J, Leviner, LE, Loach, JC, MacMullin, S, Martin, RD, Mertens, S, Mizouni, L, Nomachi, M, Orrell, JL, O'Shaughnessy, C, Overman, NR, II, DGP, Poon, AWP, Pushkin, K, Radford, DC, Rielage, K, Robertson, RGH, Ronquest, MC, Schubert, AG, Shanks, B, Shima, T, Shirchenko, M, Snavely, KJ, Snyder, N, Steele, D, Strain, J, Suriano, AM, Thompson, J, Timkin, V, Tornow, W, Varner, RL, Vasilyev, S, Vetter, K, Vorren, K, White, BR, Wilkerson, JF, Xu, W, Yakushev, E, Young, AR, Yu, C-H, and Yumatov, V

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), nucl-ex, physics.ins-det, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The {\sc Majorana Demonstrator will search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay of the isotope Ge-76 with a mixed array of enriched and natural germanium detectors. The observation of this rare decay would indicate the neutrino is its own antiparticle, demonstrate that lepton number is not conserved, and provide information on the absolute mass scale of the neutrino. The {\sc Demonstrator} is being assembled at the 4850-foot level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota. The array will be situated in a low-background environment and surrounded by passive and active shielding. Here we describe the science goals of the {\sc Demonstrator} and the details of its design., accepted for publication in Advances in High Energy Physics

Published
2013

60. Determination of the nu(e) and total B-8 solar neutrino fluxes using the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Phase I data set

Author

Aharmim, B, Ahmad, QR, Ahmed, SN, Allen, RC, Andersen, TC, Anglin, JD, Buehler, G, Barton, JC, Beier, EW, Bercovitch, M, Bergevin, M, Bigu, J, Biller, SD, Black, RA, Blevis, I, Boardman, RJ, Boger, J, Bonvin, E, Boulay, MG, Bowler, MG, Bowles, TJ, Brice, SJ, Browne, MC, Bullard, TV, Burritt, TH, Cameron, J, Chan, YD, Chen, HH, Chen, M, Chen, X, Cleveland, BT, Cowan, JHM, Cowen, DF, Cox, GA, Currat, CA, Dai, X, Dalnoki-Veress, F, Davidson, WF, Deng, H, DiMarco, M, Doe, PJ, Doucas, G, Dragowsky, MR, Duba, CA, Duncan, FA, Dunford, M, Dunmore, JA, Earle, ED, Elliott, SR, Evans, HC, Ewan, GT, Farine, J, Fergani, H, Ferraris, AP, Fleurot, F, Ford, RJ, Formaggio, JA, Fowler, MM, Frame, K, Frank, ED, Frati, W, Gagnon, N, Germani, JV, Gil, S, Goldschmidt, A, Goon, JTM, Graham, K, Grant, DR, Guillian, E, Hahn, RL, Hallin, AL, Hallman, ED, Hamer, AS, Hamian, AA, Handler, WB, Haq, RU, Hargrove, CK, Harvey, PJ, Hazama, R, Heeger, KM, Heintzelman, WJ, Heise, J, Helmer, RL, Henning, R, Hepburn, JD, Heron, H, Hewett, J, Hime, A, Howard, C, Howe, MA, Huang, M, Hykaway, JG, Isaac, MCP, Jagam, P, Jamieson, B, Jelley, NA, Jillings, C, Jonkmans, G, Kazkaz, K, Keener, PT, Kirch, K, Klein, JR, Knox, AB, Komar, RJ, Kormos, LL, Kos, M, Kouzes, R, Krueger, A, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Kutter, T, Kyba, CCM, Labranche, H, Lange, R, Law, J, Lawson, IT, Lay, M, Lee, HW, Lesko, KT, Leslie, JR, Levine, I, Loach, JC, Locke, W, Luoma, S, Lyon, J, MacLellan, R, Majerus, S, Mak, HB, Maneira, J, Marino, AD, Martin, R, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, McDonald, DS, McFarlane, K, McGee, S, McGregor, G, Drees, RM, Mes, H, Mifflin, C, Miknaitis, KKS, Miller, ML, Milton, G, Moffat, BA, Monreal, B, Moorhead, M, Morrissette, B, Nally, CW, Neubauer, MS, Newcomer, FM, Ng, HS, Nickel, BG, Noble, AJ, Norman, EB, Novikov, VM, Oblath, NS, Okada, CE, O'Keeffe, HM, Ollerhead, RW, Omori, M, Orrell, JL, Oser, SM, Ott, R, Peeters, SJM, Poon, AWP, Prior, G, Reitzner, SD, Rielage, K, Roberge, A, Robertson, BC, Robertson, RGH, Rosendahl, SSE, Rowley, JK, Rusu, VL, Saettler, E, Schulke, A, Schwendener, MH, Secrest, JA, Seifert, H, Shatkay, M, Simpson, JJ, Sims, CJ, Sinclair, D, Skensved, P, Smith, AR, Smith, MWE, Starinsky, N, Steiger, TD, Stokstad, RG, Stonehill, LC, Storey, RS, Sur, B, Tafirout, R, Tagg, N, Takeuchi, Y, Tanner, NW, Taplin, RK, Thorman, M, Thornewell, PM, Tolich, N, Trent, PT, Tserkovnyak, YI, Tsui, T, Tunnell, CD, Van Berg, R, De Water, RGV, Virtue, CJ, Walker, TJ, Wall, BL, Waltham, CE, Tseung, HWC, Wang, J-X, Wark, DL, Wendland, J, West, N, Wilhelmy, JB, Wilkerson, JF, Wilson, JR, Wittich, P, Wouters, JM, Wright, A, Yeh, M, Zuber, K, and Collaboration, SNO

Published
2007

61. We Sang Every Morning After Breakfast

Author

Adams, Gail Galloway, Atwood, Margaret, Autry, Cheyenne, Baumgardner, Lorraine, Brooke, Evan, Brooks, Gwendolyn, Butler, Marcia, Buuck, Christiane, Campbell, Kate Lister, Chandrasekhar, Shanti, Davidson, Karin Cecile, DelConte, Elizabeth, Delgado, Anjanette, Dickinson, Emily, Dixon, Nicola, Doench, Meredith, Eady, Cornelius, Genest, Jennifer, Glass, Gary, Glück, Louise, Golub, Adam, Goluboff, Sascha, Greendonner, David, Hale, Trudy, Hartzell, Bruce, Hathaway, Christopher, Heng, Rachel, Howe, Marie, Hosemann, JD, Huntman, Rebe, Ives, Lucy, Jacobs, EH, Kelly, Brigit Pegeen, Knight, Etheridge, Kontes, Alexandra, Lantz, Elizabeth, Lindis, Tara, Ludmerer, Nancy, Mirengoff, Emily, Mullins, Katy, Neruda, Pablo, Nichols, Kristen, Ogden, KE, Parker, Caleb, Patton, Jenny, Reynolds, Tonja Matney, Schneider, Janet, Steinwachs, Mark, Sundiata, Sekou, Watts, Charlie, Wells, Cassie, Wright, CD, and Correa, Cristina

Published
2022

62. Electron energy spectra, fluxes, and day-night asymmetries of B-8 solar neutrinos from measurements with NaCl dissolved in the heavy-water detector at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Author

Aharmim, B, Ahmed, SN, Anthony, AE, Beier, EW, Bellerive, A, Bergevin, M, Biller, SD, Boger, J, Boulay, MG, Bowler, MG, Bullard, TV, Chan, YD, Chen, M, Chen, X, Cleveland, BT, Cox, GA, Currat, CA, Dai, X, Dalnoki-Veress, F, Deng, H, Doe, PJ, Dosanjh, RS, Doucas, G, Duba, CA, Duncan, FA, Dunford, M, Dunmore, JA, Earle, ED, Elliott, SR, Evans, HC, Ewan, GT, Farine, J, Fergani, H, Fleurot, F, Formaggio, JA, Frame, K, Frati, W, Fulsom, BG, Gagnon, N, Graham, K, Grant, DR, Hahn, RL, Hall, JC, Hallin, AL, Hallman, ED, Handler, WB, Hargrove, CK, Harvey, PJ, Hazama, R, Heeger, KM, Heelan, L, Heintzelman, WJ, Heise, J, Helmer, RL, Hemingway, RJ, Hime, A, Howard, C, Howe, MA, Huang, M, Jagam, P, Jelley, NA, Klein, JR, Kormos, LL, Kos, MS, Kruger, A, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Krumins, AV, Kutter, T, Kyba, CCM, Labranche, H, Lange, R, Law, J, Lawson, IT, Lesko, KT, Leslie, JR, Levine, I, Loach, JC, Luoma, S, MacLellan, R, Majerus, S, Mak, HB, Maneira, J, Marino, AD, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, McGee, S, McGregor, G, Mifflin, C, Miknaitis, KKS, Moffat, BA, Nally, CW, Neubauer, MS, Nickel, BG, Noble, AJ, Norman, EB, Oblath, NS, Okada, CE, Ollerhead, RW, Orrell, JL, Oser, SM, Ouellet, C, Peeters, SJM, Poon, AWP, Rielage, K, Robertson, BC, Robertson, RGH, Rollin, E, Rosendahl, SSE, Rusu, VL, Schwendener, MH, Seibert, SR, Simard, O, Simpson, JJ, Sims, CJ, Sinclair, D, Skensved, P, Smith, MWE, Starinsky, N, Stokstad, RG, Stonehill, LC, Tafirout, R, Takeuchi, Y, Tesic, G, Thomson, M, Thorman, M, Tsui, T, Van Berg, R, Van de Water, RG, Virtue, CJ, Wall, BL, Waller, D, Waltham, CE, Tseung, HWC, Wark, DL, Wendland, J, West, N, Wilkerson, JF, Wilson, JR, Wittich, P, Wouters, JM, Wright, A, Yeh, M, Zuber, K, and Collaboration, SNO

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Results are reported from the complete salt phase of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory experiment in which NaCl was dissolved in the H22O ("D2O") target. The addition of salt enhanced the signal from neutron capture as compared to the pure D2O detector. By making a statistical separation of charged-current events from other types based on event-isotropy criteria, the effective electron recoil energy spectrum has been extracted. In units of 106cm-2s-1, the total flux of active-flavor neutrinos from B8 decay in the Sun is found to be 4.94-0.21+0.21(stat)-0.34+0.38(syst) and the integral flux of electron neutrinos for an undistorted B8 spectrum is 1.68-0.06+0.06(stat)-0. 09+0.08(syst); the signal from (νx,e) elastic scattering is equivalent to an electron-neutrino flux of 2.35-0.22+0.22(stat)-0.15+0.15(syst). These results are consistent with those expected for neutrino oscillations with the so-called large mixing angle parameters and also with an undistorted spectrum. A search for matter-enhancement effects in the Earth through a possible day-night asymmetry in the charged-current integral rate is consistent with no asymmetry. Including results from other experiments, the best-fit values for two-neutrino mixing parameters are Δm2=(8.0-0.4+0.6)×10-5 eV2 and θ=33.9-2.2+2.4 degrees. © 2005 The American Physical Society.

Published
2005

63. Search for periodicities in the B8 solar neutrino flux measured by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Author

Aharmim, B, Ahmed, SN, Anthony, AE, Beier, EW, Bellerive, A, Bergevin, M, Biller, SD, Boulay, MG, Bowler, MG, Chan, YD, Chen, M, Chen, X, Cleveland, BT, Costin, T, Cox, GA, Currat, CA, Dai, X, Deng, H, Detwiler, J, Doe, PJ, Dosanjh, RS, Doucas, G, Duba, CA, Duncan, FA, Dunford, M, Dunmore, JA, Earle, ED, Elliott, SR, Evans, HC, Ewan, GT, Farine, J, Fergani, H, Fleurot, F, Formaggio, JA, Frati, W, Fulsom, BG, Gagnon, N, Goon, JTM, Graham, K, Hahn, RL, Hallin, AL, Hallman, ED, Handler, WB, Hargrove, CK, Harvey, PJ, Hazama, R, Heeger, KM, Heelan, L, Heintzelman, WJ, Heise, J, Helmer, RL, Hemingway, RJ, Hime, A, Howe, MA, Huang, M, Inrig, E, Jagam, P, Jelley, NA, Klein, JR, Kormos, LL, Kos, MS, Krüger, A, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Krumins, AV, Kutter, T, Kyba, CCM, Labranche, H, Lange, R, Law, J, Lawson, IT, Lesko, KT, Leslie, JR, Levine, I, Loach, JC, Luoma, S, MacLellan, R, Majerus, S, Maneira, J, Marino, AD, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, McGee, S, Mifflin, C, Miknaitis, KKS, Nickel, BG, Noble, AJ, Norman, EB, Oblath, NS, Okada, CE, O'Keeffe, HM, Ollerhead, RW, Gann, GDO, Orrell, JL, Oser, SM, Ouvarova, T, Peeters, SJM, Poon, AWP, Pun, CSJ, Rielage, K, Robertson, BC, Robertson, RGH, Rollin, E, Rosendahl, SSE, Schwendener, MH, Seibert, SR, Simard, O, Simpson, JJ, Sims, CJ, Sinclair, D, Sinclair, L, Skensved, P, Smith, MWE, Stokstad, RG, Stonehill, LC, Tafirout, R, Takeuchi, Y, Tešić, G, Thomson, M, Tsang, KV, Tsui, T, Berg, RV, Virtue, CJ, Wall, BL, Waller, D, Waltham, CE, Tseung, HWC, Wark, DL, Wendland, J, West, N, Wilkerson, JF, Wilson, JR, Wouters, JM, Yeh, M, and Zuber, K

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

A search has been made for sinusoidal periodic variations in the B8 solar neutrino flux using data collected by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory over a 4-year time interval. The variation at a period of 1 yr is consistent with modulation of the B8 neutrino flux by the Earth's orbital eccentricity. No significant sinusoidal periodicities are found with periods between 1 d and 10 years with either an unbinned maximum likelihood analysis or a Lomb-Scargle periodogram analysis. The data are inconsistent with the hypothesis that the results of the recent analysis by Sturrock et al., based on elastic scattering events in Super-Kamiokande, can be attributed to a 7% sinusoidal modulation of the total B8 neutrino flux. © 2005 The American Physical Society.

Published
2005

64. Search for periodicities in the B-8 solar neutrino flux measured by the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Author

Aharmim, B, Ahmed, SN, Anthony, AE, Beier, EW, Bellerive, A, Bergevin, M, Biller, SD, Boulay, MG, Bowler, MG, Chan, YD, Chen, M, Chen, X, Cleveland, BT, Costin, T, Cox, GA, Currat, CA, Dai, X, Deng, H, Detwiler, J, Doe, PJ, Dosanjh, RS, Doucas, G, Duba, CA, Duncan, FA, Dunford, M, Dunmore, JA, Earle, ED, Elliott, SR, Evans, HC, Ewan, GT, Farine, J, Fergani, H, Fleurot, F, Formaggio, JA, Frati, W, Fulsom, BG, Gagnon, N, Goon, JT, Graham, K, Hahn, RL, Hallin, AL, Hallman, ED, Handler, WB, Hargrove, CK, Harvey, PJ, Hazama, R, Heeger, KM, Heelan, L, Heintzelman, WJ, Heise, J, Helmer, RL, Hemingway, RJ, Hime, A, Howe, MA, Huang, M, Inrig, E, Jagam, P, Jelley, NA, Klein, JR, Kormos, LL, Kos, MS, Kruger, A, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Krumins, AV, Kutter, T, Kyba, CCM, Labranche, H, Lange, R, Law, J, Lawson, IT, Lesko, KT, Leslie, JR, Levine, I, Loach, JC, Luoma, S, MacLellan, R, Majerus, S, Maneira, J, Marino, AD, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, McGee, S, Mifflin, C, Miknaitis, KKS, Nickel, BG, Noble, AJ, Norman, EB, Oblath, NS, Okada, CE, O'Keeffe, HM, Ollerhead, RW, Gann, GDO, Orrell, JL, Oser, SM, Ouvarova, T, Peeters, SJM, Poon, AWP, Pun, CSJ, Rielage, K, Robertson, BC, Robertson, RGH, Rollin, E, Rosendahl, SSE, Schwendener, MH, Seibert, SR, Simard, O, Simpson, JJ, Sims, CJ, Sinclair, D, Sinclair, L, Skensved, P, Smith, MWE, Stokstad, RG, Stonehill, LC, Tafirout, R, Takeuchi, Y, Tesic, G, Thomson, M, Tsang, KV, Tsui, T, Van Berg, R, Virtue, CJ, Wall, BL, Waller, D, Waltham, CE, Tseung, HWC, Wark, DL, Wendland, J, West, N, Wilkerson, JF, Wilson, JR, Wouters, JM, Yeh, M, Zuber, K, and Collaboration, SNO

Published
2005

65. TRANSVERSE ENERGY-PRODUCTION IN PB-208+PB COLLISIONS AT 158 GEV PER NUCLEON

Author

ALBER, T APPELSHAUSER, H BACHLER, J BARTKE, J and BIALKOWSKA, H BIESER, F BLOOMER, MA BLYTH, CO ROCK, R and BORMANN, C BRADY, FP BROCKMANN, R BUNCIC, P CAINES, HL CEBRA, D CHAN, P COOPER, GE CRAMER, JG CRAMER, PB and CSATO, P DERADO, I DUNN, J ECKARDT, V ECKHARDT, F and EULER, S FERGUSON, MI FISCHER, HG FODOR, Z FOKA, P and FREUND, P FUCHS, M GAL, J GAZDZICKI, M GLADYSZ, E and GREBIESZKOW, J GUNTHER, J HARRIS, JW HECK, W HEGYI, S HILL, LA HUANG, I HOWE, MA IGO, G IRMSCHER, D and JACOBS, P JONES, PG KADIJA, K KECSKEMETI, J KOWALSKI, M and KUHMICHEL, A LASIUK, B MARGETIS, S MITCHELL, JW and MOCK, A NELSON, JM ODYNIEC, G PALINKAS, J PALLA, G and PANAGIOTOU, AD PETRIDIS, A PIPER, A POSKANZER, AM and PRINDLE, DJ PUHLHOFER, F RAUCH, W RENFORDT, R RETYK, W and RITTER, HG ROHRICH, D RUDOLPH, H RUNGE, K SANDOVAL, A SANN, H SCHAFER, E SCHMITZ, N SCHONFELDER, S and SEYBOTH, P SEYERLEIN, J SIKLER, F SKRZYPCZAK, E STOCK, R and STROBELE, H SZENTPETERY, I SZIKLAI, J TOY, M and TRAINOR, TA TRENTALANGE, S VASSILIOU, M VESZTERGOMBI, G and VRANIC, D WENIG, S WHITTEN, C WIENOLD, T WOOD, L and ZIMANYI, J ZHU, XZ ZYBERT, R

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Measurements of the forward and the transverse energy in 158 GeV per nucleon Pb-208 + Pb collisions are presented. A total transverse energy of about 1 TeV is created in central collisions. An energy density of about 3 GeV/fm(3) is estimated for near head-on collisions. Only statistical fluctuations are seen in the ratio of electromagnetic to hadronic transverse energy.

Published
1995

69. SOLVATION - GENERAL DISCUSSION

Author

FRIEDMAN, HL, ABRAHAM, MH, MARCUS, Y, Engberts, J B F N, KLEEBERG, H, WELLS, CF, CONWAY, BE, DEVLIN, JP, EFIMOV, YY, NABERUKHIN, YI, YARWOOD, J, LUCK, WAP, SYMONS, MCR, TOMODA, S, OXTOBY, DW, FINNEY, J, HOWE, MA, KLEIN, ML, ENDERBY, JE, SALMON, PS, and WATANABE, K

Published
1988

70. Collaboration on Topic Change in Conversation

Author

Howe, Mary

Subjects
Discourse analysis, Philology. Linguistics, P1-1091
Abstract

Conversations are cooperatively achieved speech events. Analysis of topic changes shows that topic endings are negotiated by participants over a series of turns, using the following specific types of indicators: summary assessments, acknowledgment tokens, repetition, laughter, and pauses. This analysis supports the view of conversation as a collaborative event.

Published
1991
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72. Conflicting Speech Formulas: About To and Not About To

Author

Howe, Mary

Subjects
English language-- Modality, Philology. Linguistics, P1-1091
Abstract

Many formulaic linguistic expressions are not generated by grammatical rules, nor do they fit neatly into the lexicon. Two such strings in English are be about to and not be about to. These expressions are not semantically positive and negative forms of the same string. The first signals preinceptive meaning and the second signals negative intention. These expressions are discussed in detail in this paper.

Published
1986
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73. Shifting Deictic Centers in the Hualapai Demonstrative System

Author

Howe, Mary

Subjects
Hualapai language-- Demonstratives, Philology. Linguistics, P1-1091
Abstract

The Hualapai demonstrative system is an interesting example of the way speakers of different languages use language to orient themselves in space. Various analyses of this complex six-morpheme system have been suggested. This paper proposes a division of the system into a set of proximals and a set of distals. The other distinctions may be due to a deictic center which shifts from the speaker to other reference points. In addition, some evidence is offered to indicate that there is a medial in the system which is changing to a hearer-centered distal.

Published
1985
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75. The facts about Stemedica.

Author

Howe MA

Subjects
China, Clinical Trials as Topic, Consumer Product Safety, Guidelines as Topic, Health Care Sector legislation & jurisprudence, Humans, India, Stem Cell Transplantation legislation & jurisprudence, Health Care Sector ethics, Stem Cell Transplantation ethics
Published
2009
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76. Independent measurement of the total active 8B solar neutrino flux using an array of 3He proportional counters at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory.

Author

Aharmim B, Ahmed SN, Amsbaugh JF, Anthony AE, Banar J, Barros N, Beier EW, Bellerive A, Beltran B, Bergevin M, Biller SD, Boudjemline K, Boulay MG, Bowles TJ, Browne MC, Bullard TV, Burritt TH, Cai B, Chan YD, Chauhan D, Chen M, Cleveland BT, Cox-Mobrand GA, Currat CA, Dai X, Deng H, Detwiler J, DiMarco M, Doe PJ, Doucas G, Drouin PL, Duba CA, Duncan FA, Dunford M, Earle ED, Elliott SR, Evans HC, Ewan GT, Farine J, Fergani H, Fleurot F, Ford RJ, Formaggio JA, Fowler MM, Gagnon N, Germani JV, Goldschmidt A, Goon JT, Graham K, Guillian E, Habib S, Hahn RL, Hallin AL, Hallman ED, Hamian AA, Harper GC, Harvey PJ, Hazama R, Heeger KM, Heintzelman WJ, Heise J, Helmer RL, Henning R, Hime A, Howard C, Howe MA, Huang M, Jagam P, Jamieson B, Jelley NA, Keeter KJ, Klein JR, Kormos LL, Kos M, Krüger A, Kraus C, Krauss CB, Kutter T, Kyba CC, Lange R, Law J, Lawson IT, Lesko KT, Leslie JR, Loach JC, MacLellan R, Majerus S, Mak HB, Maneira J, Martin R, McBryde K, McCauley N, McDonald AB, McGee S, Mifflin C, Miller GG, Miller ML, Monreal B, Monroe J, Morissette B, Myers A, Nickel BG, Noble AJ, Oblath NS, O'Keeffe HM, Ollerhead RW, Gann GD, Oser SM, Ott RA, Peeters SJ, Poon AW, Prior G, Reitzner SD, Rielage K, Robertson BC, Robertson RG, Rollin E, Schwendener MH, Secrest JA, Seibert SR, Simard O, Simpson JJ, Sinclair L, Skensved P, Smith MW, Steiger TD, Stonehill LC, Tesić G, Thornewell PM, Tolich N, Tsui T, Tunnell CD, Van Wechel T, Van Berg R, VanDevender BA, Virtue CJ, Walker TJ, Wall BL, Waller D, Tseung HW, Wendland J, West N, Wilhelmy JB, Wilkerson JF, Wilson JR, Wouters JM, Wright A, Yeh M, Zhang F, and Zuber K

Abstract

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) used an array of 3He proportional counters to measure the rate of neutral-current interactions in heavy water and precisely determined the total active (nu_x) 8B solar neutrino flux. This technique is independent of previous methods employed by SNO. The total flux is found to be 5.54_-0.31;+0.33(stat)-0.34+0.36(syst)x10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), in agreement with previous measurements and standard solar models. A global analysis of solar and reactor neutrino results yields Deltam2=7.59_-0.21;+0.19x10(-5) eV2 and theta=34.4_-1.2;+1.3 degrees. The uncertainty on the mixing angle has been reduced from SNO's previous results.

Published
2008
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77. Measurement of the total active 8B solar neutrino flux at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory with enhanced neutral current sensitivity.

Author

Ahmed SN, Anthony AE, Beier EW, Bellerive A, Biller SD, Boger J, Boulay MG, Bowler MG, Bowles TJ, Brice SJ, Bullard TV, Chan YD, Chen M, Chen X, Cleveland BT, Cox GA, Dai X, Dalnoki-Veress F, Doe PJ, Dosanjh RS, Doucas G, Dragowsky MR, Duba CA, Duncan FA, Dunford M, Dunmore JA, Earle ED, Elliott SR, Evans HC, Ewan GT, Farine J, Fergani H, Fleurot F, Formaggio JA, Fowler MM, Frame K, Fulsom BG, Gagnon N, Graham K, Grant DR, Hahn RL, Hall JC, Hallin AL, Hallman ED, Hamer AS, Handler WB, Hargrove CK, Harvey PJ, Hazama R, Heeger KM, Heintzelman WJ, Heise J, Helmer RL, Hemingway RJ, Hime A, Howe MA, Jagam P, Jelley NA, Klein JR, Kos MS, Krumins AV, Kutter T, Kyba CC, Labranche H, Lange R, Law J, Lawson IT, Lesko KT, Leslie JR, Levine I, Luoma S, MacLellan R, Majerus S, Mak HB, Maneira J, Marino AD, McCauley N, McDonald AB, McGee S, McGregor G, Mifflin C, Miknaitis KK, Miller GG, Moffat BA, Nally CW, Nickel BG, Noble AJ, Norman EB, Oblath NS, Okada CE, Ollerhead RW, Orrell JL, Oser SM, Ouellet C, Peeters SJ, Poon AW, Robertson BC, Robertson RG, Rollin E, Rosendahl SS, Rusu VL, Schwendener MH, Simard O, Simpson JJ, Sims CJ, Sinclair D, Skensved P, Smith MW, Starinsky N, Stokstad RG, Stonehill LC, Tafirout R, Takeuchi Y, Tesić G, Thomson M, Thorman M, Van Berg R, Van de Water RG, Virtue CJ, Wall BL, Waller D, Waltham CE, Tseung HW, Wark DL, West N, Wilhelmy JB, Wilkerson JF, Wilson JR, Wouters JM, Yeh M, and Zuber K

Abstract

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory has precisely determined the total active (nu(x)) 8B solar neutrino flux without assumptions about the energy dependence of the nu(e) survival probability. The measurements were made with dissolved NaCl in heavy water to enhance the sensitivity and signature for neutral-current interactions. The flux is found to be 5.21 +/- 0.27(stat)+/-0.38(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), in agreement with previous measurements and standard solar models. A global analysis of these and other solar and reactor neutrino results yields Deltam(2)=7.1(+1.2)(-0.6) x 10(-5) eV(2) and theta=32.5(+2.4)(-2.3) degrees. Maximal mixing is rejected at the equivalent of 5.4 standard deviations.

Published
2004
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78. Constraints on nucleon decay via invisible modes from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory.

Author

Ahmed SN, Anthony AE, Beier EW, Bellerive A, Biller SD, Boger J, Boulay MG, Bowler MG, Bowles TJ, Brice SJ, Bullard TV, Chan YD, Chen M, Chen X, Cleveland BT, Cox GA, Dai X, Dalnoki-Veress F, Doe PJ, Dosanjh RS, Doucas G, Dragowsky MR, Duba CA, Duncan FA, Dunford M, Dunmore JA, Earle ED, Elliott SR, Evans HC, Ewan GT, Farine J, Fergani H, Fleurot F, Formaggio JA, Fowler MM, Frame K, Frati W, Fulsom BG, Gagnon N, Graham K, Grant DR, Hahn RL, Hall JC, Hallin AL, Hallman ED, Hamer AS, Handler WB, Hargrove CK, Harvey PJ, Hazama R, Heeger KM, Heintzelman WJ, Heise J, Helmer RL, Hemingway RJ, Hime A, Howe MA, Jagam P, Jelley NA, Klein JR, Kos MS, Krumins AV, Kutter T, Kyba CC, Labranche H, Lange R, Law J, Lawson IT, Lesko KT, Leslie JR, Levine I, Luoma S, MacLellan R, Majerus S, Mak HB, Maneira J, Marino AD, McCauley N, McDonald AB, McGee S, McGregor G, Mifflin C, Miknaitis KK, Miller GG, Moffat BA, Nally CW, Neubauer MS, Nickel BG, Noble AJ, Norman EB, Oblath NS, Okada CE, Ollerhead RW, Orrell JL, Oser SM, Ouellet C, Peeters SJ, Poon AW, Robertson BC, Robertson RG, Rollin E, Rosendahl SS, Rusu VL, Schwendener MH, Simard O, Simpson JJ, Sims CJ, Sinclair D, Skensved P, Smith MW, Starinsky N, Stokstad RG, Stonehill LC, Tafirout R, Takeuchi Y, Tesić G, Thomson M, Thorman M, Van Berg R, Van de Water RG, Virtue CJ, Wall BL, Waller D, Waltham CE, Tseung HW, Wark DL, West N, Wilhelmy JB, Wilkerson JF, Wilson JR, Wittich P, Wouters JM, Yeh M, and Zuber K

Abstract

Data from the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory have been used to constrain the lifetime for nucleon decay to "invisible" modes, such as n-->3nu. The analysis was based on a search for gamma rays from the deexcitation of the residual nucleus that would result from the disappearance of either a proton or neutron from 16O. A limit of tau(inv)>2 x 10(29) yr is obtained at 90% confidence for either neutron- or proton-decay modes. This is about an order of magnitude more stringent than previous constraints on invisible proton-decay modes and 400 times more stringent than similar neutron modes.

Published
2004
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79. Transverse energy production in 208Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV per nucleon.

Author

Alber T, Appelshäuser H, Bächler J, Bartke J, Bialkowska H, Bieser F, Bloomer MA, Blyth CO, Bock R, Bormann C, Brady FP, Brockmann R, Buncic P, Caines HL, Cebra D, Chan P, Cooper GE, Cramer JG, Cramer PB, Csato P, Derado I I, Dunn J, Eckardt V V, Eckhardt F, Euler S, Ferguson MI, Fischer HG, Fodor Z, Foka P, Freund P, Fuchs M, Gal J, Gazdzicki M, Gladysz E, Grebieszkow J, Günther J, Harris JW, Heck W, Hegyi S, Hill LA, Huang I I, Howe MA, Igo G, Irmscher D, Jacobs P, Jones PG, Kadija K, Kecskemeti J, Kowalski M, Kühmichel A, Lasiuk B, Margetis S, Mitchell JW, Mock A, Nelson JM, Odyniec G, Palinkas J, Palla G, Panagiotou AD, Petridis A, Piper A, Poskanzer AM, Prindle DJ, and Pühlhofer F

Published
1995
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82. CT evaluation of the equivocal pulmonary nodule.

Author

Howe MA and Gross BH

Subjects
Humans, Pulmonary Atelectasis diagnostic imaging, Radiography, Thoracic, Lung Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Solitary Pulmonary Nodule diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract

In the setting of a questionable pulmonary nodule demonstrated by conventional radiographs, the place of CT in the diagnostic algorithm is not well established. We reviewed our experience in 50 consecutive patients referred to CT for a "possible pulmonary nodule." From the chest radiographs we noted nodule location, maximum dimension, presence on one or both views, and presence on a previous radiograph (greater than 1 year old), and nodules were categorized as "likely" or "unlikely" to be real parenchymal lesions based on radiographic appearance. Of a total of 56 questionable nodules, CT demonstrated no abnormality in 21 cases, parenchymal nodules in 16, scarring, atelectasis, or infiltrate in 11, and normal structural variants in 8. True pulmonary nodules were statistically significantly more frequently categorized as "likely" lesions than normal variants or no disease, but this was not of a magnitude to be clinically useful. Based on analysis of various radiographic features of equivocal nodules and their subsequent outcomes, we suggest a radiologic approach to the equivocal pulmonary nodule.

Published
1987
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