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52. Garden and landscape-scale correlates of moths of differing conservation status: significant effects of urbanization and habitat diversity

Author

Bates, AJ, Sadler, JP, Grundy, D, Lowe, N, Davis, G, Baker, D, Bridge, M, Freestone, R, Gardner, D, Gibson, C, Hemming, R, Howarth, S, Orridge, S, Shaw, M, Tams, T, and Young, H

Subjects
Artificial Ecosystems, Conservation of Natural Resources, Population Dynamics, lcsh:Medicine, Moths, Ecosystems, Species Specificity, Global Change Ecology, Animals, Spatial and Landscape Ecology, Urban Ecology, Terrestrial Ecology, lcsh:Science, Biology, Ecosystem, Conservation Science, Models, Statistical, Ecology, Urbanization, lcsh:R, fungi, Biodiversity, Terrestrial Environments, United Kingdom, Biogeography, Community Ecology, lcsh:Q, Population Ecology, sense organs, Coastal Ecology, Research Article, Ecological Environments
Abstract

Moths are abundant and ubiquitous in vegetated terrestrial environments and are pollinators, important herbivores of wild plants, and food for birds, bats and rodents. In recent years, many once abundant and widespread species have shown sharp declines that have been cited by some as indicative of a widespread insect biodiversity crisis. Likely causes of these declines include agricultural intensification, light pollution, climate change, and urbanization; however, the real underlying cause(s) is still open to conjecture. We used data collected from the citizen science Garden Moth Scheme (GMS) to explore the spatial association between the abundance of 195 widespread British species of moth, and garden habitat and landscape features, to see if spatial habitat and landscape associations varied for species of differing conservation status. We found that associations with habitat and landscape composition were species-specific, but that there were consistent trends in species richness and total moth abundance. Gardens with more diverse and extensive microhabitats were associated with higher species richness and moth abundance; gardens near to the coast were associated with higher richness and moth abundance; and gardens in more urbanized locations were associated with lower species richness and moth abundance. The same trends were also found for species classified as increasing, declining and vulnerable under IUCN (World Conservation Union) criteria. However, vulnerable species were more strongly negatively affected by urbanization than increasing species. Two hypotheses are proposed to explain this observation: (1) that the underlying factors causing declines in vulnerable species (e.g., possibilities include fragmentation, habitat deterioration, agrochemical pollution) across Britain are the same in urban areas, but that these deleterious effects are more intense in urban areas; and/or (2) that urban areas can act as ecological traps for some vulnerable species of moth, the light drawing them in from the surrounding landscape into sub-optimal urban habitats.

Published
2014

58. The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (vol 415, pg 871, 2002)

Author

Wood, V, Gwilliam, R, Rajandream, MA, Lyne, M, Lyne, R, Stewart, A, Sgouros, J, Peat, N, Hayles, J, Baker, S, Basham, D, Bowman, S, Brooks, K, Brown, D, Brown, S, Chillingworth, T, Churcher, C, Collins, M, Connor, R, Cronin, A, Davis, P, Feltwell, T, Fraser, A, Gentles, S, Goble, A, Hamlin, N, Harris, D, Hidalgo, J, Hodgson, G, Holroyd, S, Hornsby, T, Howarth, S, Huckle, EJ, Hunt, S, Jagels, K, James, K, Jones, L, Jones, M, Leather, S, McDonald, S, McLean, J, Mooney, P, Moule, S, Mungall, K, Murphy, L, Niblett, D, Odell, C, Oliver, K, O'Neil, S, Pearson, D, Quail, MA, Rabbinowitsch, E, Rutherford, K, Rutter, S, Saunders, D, Seeger, K, Sharp, S, Skelton, J, Simmonds, M, Squares, R, Squares, S, Stevens, K, Taylor, K, Taylor, RG, Tivey, A, Walsh, S, Warren, T, Whitehead, S, Woodward, J, Volckaert, G, Aert, R, Robben, J, Grymonprez, B, Weltjens, I, Vanstreels, E, Rieger, M, Schafer, M, Muller-Auer, S, Gabel, C, Fuchs, M, Dusterhoft, A, Fritzc, C, Holzer, E, Moestl, D, Hilbert, H, Borzym, K, Langer, I, Beck, A, Lehrach, H, Reinhardt, R, Pohl, TM, Eger, P, Zimmermann, W, Wedler, H, Wambutt, R, Purnelle, B, Goffeau, A, Cadieu, E, Dreano, S, Gloux, S, Lelaure, V, Mottier, S, Galibert, F, Aves, SJ, Xiang, Z, Hunt, C, Moore, K, Hurst, SM, Lucas, M, Rochet, M, Gaillardin, C, Tallada, VA, Garzon, A, Thode, G, Daga, RR, Cruzado, L, Jimenez, J, Sanchez, M, del Rey, F, Benito, J, Dominguez, A, Revuelta, JL, Moreno, S, Armstrong, J, Forsburg, SL, Cerutti, L, Lowe, T, McCombie, WR, Paulsen, I, Potashkin, J, Shpakovski, GV, Ussery, D, Barrell, BG, and Nurse, P

Published
2003

66. Comparison of the inflammatory burden of truly asymptomatic carotid atheroma with atherosclerotic plaques contralateral to symptomatic carotid stenosis: an ultra small superparamagnetic iron oxide enhanced magnetic resonance study

Author

Tang, T. Y, primary, Howarth, S. P S, additional, Miller, S. R, additional, Graves, M. J, additional, U-King-Im, J.-M., additional, Trivedi, R. A, additional, Li, Z. Y., additional, Walsh, S. R, additional, Brown, A. P, additional, Kirkpatrick, P. J, additional, Gaunt, M. E, additional, and Gillard, J. H, additional

Published
2007
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72. Letter to the Editor

Author

Howarth, S., primary, Allison, A., additional, Grenier, S., additional, Cholewicki, J., additional, and McGill, Stuart M., additional

Published
2006
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76. corrigendum: The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Author

Wood, V., Gwilliam, R., Rajandream, M.-A., Lyne, M., Lyne, R., Stewart, A., Sgouros, J., Peat, N., Hayles, J., Baker, S., Basham, D., Bowman, S., Brooks, K., Brown, D., Brown, S., Chillingworth, T., Churcher, C., Collins, M., Connor, R., Cronin, A., Davis, P., Feltwell, T., Fraser, A., Gentles, S., Goble, A., Hamlin, N., Harris, D., Hidalgo, J., Hodgson, G., Holroyd, S., Hornsby, T., Howarth, S., Huckle, E. J., Hunt, S., Jagels, K., James, K., Jones, L., Jones, M., Leather, S., McDonald, S., McLean, J., Mooney, P., Moule, S., Mungall, K., Murphy, L., Niblett, D., Odell, C., Oliver, K., O'Neil, S., Pearson, D., Quail, M. A., Rabbinowitsch, E., Rutherford, K., Rutter, S., Saunders, D., Seeger, K., Sharp, S., Skelton, J., Simmonds, M., Squares, R., Squares, S., Stevens, K., Taylor, K., Taylor, R. G., Tivey, A., Walsh, S., Warren, T., Whitehead, S., Woodward, J., Volckaert, G., Aert, R., Robben, J., Grymonprez, B., Weltjens, I., Vanstreels, E., Rieger, M., Schafer, M., Muller-Auer, S., Gabel, C., Fuchs, M., Dusterhoft, A., Fritzc, C., Holzer, E., Moestl, D., Hilbert, H., Borzym, K., Langer, I., Beck, A., Lehrach, H., Reinhardt, R., Pohl, T. M., Eger, P., Zimmermann, W., Wedler, H., Wambutt, R., Purnelle, B., Goffeau, A., Cadieu, E., Dreano, S., Gloux, S., Lelaure, V., Mottier, S., Galibert, F., Aves, S. J., Xiang, Z., Hunt, C., Moore, K., Hurst, S. M., Lucas, M., Rochet, M., Gaillardin, C., Tallada, V. A., Garzon, A., Thode, G., Daga, R. R., Cruzado, L., Jimenez, J., Sanchez, M., del Rey, F., Benito, J., Dominguez, A., Revuelta, J. L., Moreno, S., Armstrong, J., Forsburg, S. L., Cerutti, L., Lowe, T., McCombie, W. R., Paulsen, I., Potashkin, J., Shpakovski, G. V., Ussery, D., Barrell, B. G., and Nurse, P.

Abstract

Author(s): V. Wood; R. Gwilliam; M.-A. Rajandream; M. Lyne; R. Lyne; A. Stewart; J. Sgouros; N. Peat; J. Hayles; S. Baker; D. Basham; S. Bowman; K. Brooks; D. Brown; S. [...]

Published
2003
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77. Automatic parameterization for magnetometer zero offset determination.

Author

Pudney, M. A., Carr, C. M., Schwartz, S. J., and Howarth, S. I.

Abstract

In-situ magnetic field measurements are of critical importance in understanding how the Sun creates and controls the inner heliosphere. In-flight it is necessary to track the combined slowly-varying spacecraft and magnetometer zero offset — the systematic error in the sensor measurements. For a 3-axis stabilised spacecraft, correction of zero offsets principally relies on the solar wind variance method, a technique that uses Alfvénic rotations in the magnetic field. We present a method to determine a key parameter related to the ambient compressional variance of the signal, which determines the selection criteria for identifying clear Alfvénic rotations. Due to the strong dependence on Alfvénicity, we show how frequently offsets can be calculated using our method at different heliocentric distances, using data from Helios. We compare our method with the previous fixed parameter approach and demonstrate an improvement in the probability of calculating an offset of up to 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2012

78. Erratum: corrigendum: The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Author

Wood, V., primary, Gwilliam, R., additional, Rajandream, M.-A., additional, Lyne, M., additional, Lyne, R., additional, Stewart, A., additional, Sgouros, J., additional, Peat, N., additional, Hayles, J., additional, Baker, S., additional, Basham, D., additional, Bowman, S., additional, Brooks, K., additional, Brown, D., additional, Brown, S., additional, Chillingworth, T., additional, Churcher, C., additional, Collins, M., additional, Connor, R., additional, Cronin, A., additional, Davis, P., additional, Feltwell, T., additional, Fraser, A., additional, Gentles, S., additional, Goble, A., additional, Hamlin, N., additional, Harris, D., additional, Hidalgo, J., additional, Hodgson, G., additional, Holroyd, S., additional, Hornsby, T., additional, Howarth, S., additional, Huckle, E. J., additional, Hunt, S., additional, Jagels, K., additional, James, K., additional, Jones, L., additional, Jones, M., additional, Leather, S., additional, McDonald, S., additional, McLean, J., additional, Mooney, P., additional, Moule, S., additional, Mungall, K., additional, Murphy, L., additional, Niblett, D., additional, Odell, C., additional, Oliver, K., additional, O'Neil, S., additional, Pearson, D., additional, Quail, M. A., additional, Rabbinowitsch, E., additional, Rutherford, K., additional, Rutter, S., additional, Saunders, D., additional, Seeger, K., additional, Sharp, S., additional, Skelton, J., additional, Simmonds, M., additional, Squares, R., additional, Squares, S., additional, Stevens, K., additional, Taylor, K., additional, Taylor, R. G., additional, Tivey, A., additional, Walsh, S., additional, Warren, T., additional, Whitehead, S., additional, Woodward, J., additional, Volckaert, G., additional, Aert, R., additional, Robben, J., additional, Grymonprez, B., additional, Weltjens, I., additional, Vanstreels, E., additional, Rieger, M., additional, Schäfer, M., additional, Müller-Auer, S., additional, Gabel, C., additional, Fuchs, M., additional, Düsterhöft, A., additional, Fritzc, C., additional, Holzer, E., additional, Moestl, D., additional, Hilbert, H., additional, Borzym, K., additional, Langer, I., additional, Beck, A., additional, Lehrach, H., additional, Reinhardt, R., additional, Pohl, T. M., additional, Eger, P., additional, Zimmermann, W., additional, Wedler, H., additional, Wambutt, R., additional, Purnelle, B., additional, Goffeau, A., additional, Cadieu, E., additional, Dréano, S., additional, Gloux, S., additional, Lelaure, V., additional, Mottier, S., additional, Galibert, F., additional, Aves, S. J., additional, Xiang, Z., additional, Hunt, C., additional, Moore, K., additional, Hurst, S. M., additional, Lucas, M., additional, Rochet, M., additional, Gaillardin, C., additional, Tallada, V. A., additional, Garzon, A., additional, Thode, G., additional, Daga, R. R., additional, Cruzado, L., additional, Jimenez, J., additional, Sánchez, M., additional, del Rey, F., additional, Benito, J., additional, Domínguez, A., additional, Revuelta, J. L., additional, Moreno, S., additional, Armstrong, J., additional, Forsburg, S. L., additional, Cerutti, L., additional, Lowe, T., additional, McCombie, W. R., additional, Paulsen, I., additional, Potashkin, J., additional, Shpakovski, G. V., additional, Ussery, D., additional, Barrell, B. G., additional, and Nurse, P., additional

Published
2003
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79. A century in oil: the Shell Transport and Trading Company 1897-1997.

Author

Howarth S. and Howarth S.

Abstract

By most measurements, Shell International is the largest oil enterprise in the world and the largest organisation of any kind in Europe. When it was formed, by transferring ownership of their fleet from the Samuel brothers to the Tank Syndicate and altering its name, it had a distribution and marketing network but only one well of questionable quality, in Borneo. The company's history is traced through the triumphs and crises of a century, including the world wars, the depression, Suez, the 1970s oil crisis and the collapse of OPEC, in a book illustrated with photographs of the people, places and events involved and with a detailed subject index., By most measurements, Shell International is the largest oil enterprise in the world and the largest organisation of any kind in Europe. When it was formed, by transferring ownership of their fleet from the Samuel brothers to the Tank Syndicate and altering its name, it had a distribution and marketing network but only one well of questionable quality, in Borneo. The company's history is traced through the triumphs and crises of a century, including the world wars, the depression, Suez, the 1970s oil crisis and the collapse of OPEC, in a book illustrated with photographs of the people, places and events involved and with a detailed subject index.

Published
1997

80. Atherosclerotic Plaque Characterisation by Imaging.

Author

Schaller, Bernhard J., Howarth, S. P. S., King-Im, J. U., and Gillard, J. H.

Abstract

Carotid artery stenosis is known to be a significant risk factor for stroke and indeed extracranial atheroma is the single most important contributor to non-haemorrhagic stroke in the developed world. Studies such as the European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST) [63], [11] and North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) [25], despite some methodological differences, demonstrated a significant benefit for endarterectomy in symptomatic carotid stenosis of more than 70%. More recently, evidence has been published in the form of the Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial (ACST) [34], that intervention in the asymptomatic population with a stenosis of 70% or more may be of benefit providing the associated risks and likely morbidity of the intervention is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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84. Social gaze cueing to auditory locations.

Author

Newport, R. and Howarth, S.

Subjects
*GAZE, *VISUAL discrimination, *ATTENTION, *AUDITORY perception, *EXPERIMENTAL psychology
Abstract

Spatial attention is oriented by social visual cues: targets appearing at cued (gazed-at) locations are detected more rapidly than those appearing at uncued locations. The current studies provide evidence that social gaze directs attention to auditory as well as visual targets at cued locations. For auditory target detection the effect lasted from 300 to 1,005 ms while for discrimination the effect was restricted to 600 ms. Improved performance at 600-ms stimulus onset asynchrony was observed across all experiments and may reflect an optimal processing window for social stimuli. In addition, the orienting of attention by gaze was impaired by the presentation of negative faces. These experiments further demonstrate the unique and cross-modal nature of social gaze cueing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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85. Application of autocorrelation and cross-correlation analyses in human movement and rehabilitation research.

Author

Nelson-Wong E, Howarth S, Winter DA, and Callaghan JP

Abstract

STUDY DESIGN: Technical note. OBJECTIVES: To provide background theory and information and to describe relevant applications of autocorrelation and cross-correlation methodology as they apply to the field of motor control in human movement and rehabilitation research. BACKGROUND: Commonly used methodologies for pattern and event recognition, determination of muscle activation timing for investigation of movement coordination, and motor control are generally difficult to implement, particularly with large datasets. A brief description of the underlying mathematical theory of correlation analyses is given, followed by 4 different examples of how this methodology is useful for research in the movement sciences. METHODS: Examples demonstrating the utility of correlation analyses are presented from several different studies conducted at the University of Waterloo. RESULTS: Autocorrelation was used to demonstrate the presence of 60-Hz noise in anelectromyography signal that was not visible in the raw data. A 'top-down' paraspinal muscle activation pattern was demonstrated for healthy adults during gait, with the use of cross-correlation. Cross-correlation was also used to quantify coactivation of bilateral gluteus medius muscles during standing in individuals who developed low-back pain. Gender differences in gluteus medius control of mediolateral center of pressure were seen with the use of cross-correlation. CONCLUSION: Autocorrelation and crosscorrelation have been shown to be an effective tool for several different applications in the movement sciences. Examples of the method's utility include noise detection within a signal, determination of relative muscle activation onsets for postural control, objective quantification of muscle coactivation, and relating muscle activations with mechanical events.J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009;39(4):287-295, Epub 17 December 2008. doi:10.2519/jospt.2009.2969. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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92. THE STRUCTURE OF CONVERSATIONS WITH 6- TO 10-YEAR-OLD DEAF CHILDREN.

Author

Wood, D. J., Wood, H. A., Griffiths, A. J., Howarth, S. P., and Howarth, C. I.

Abstract

SUMMARY In stage 1 classroom conversations between sixteen teachers and their pre-lingually deaf children were videotaped and analysed to examine both the styles used by teachers in controlling conversation and the functions pursued in dialogue. In stage 2 a sub-sample of four teachers with twenty children of known hearing losses and non-verbal intelligence was analysed in greater detail to examine relationships between these factors, teaching styles and the child's performance in dialogue. The analyses show that deaf children respond in a similar fashion to young hearing children in the way they react to different styles of teacher talk; that teachers differ in the functions they pursue in conversation; and that functions change as a consequence of the child's hearing loss but not mental age. The implications of the findings for linguistic development in pre-lingually deaf children are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1982
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94. PIGMENTATION VARIANTS OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

Author

Howarth, S. and Dedman, M. D.

Abstract

Howarth, S. (University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand), and M. D. Dedman. Pigmentation variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 88:273–278. 1964.—Pigmentation variants were isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosastrain 1, including both FP+and FP−sublines, and strain 78 by growth with sulfathiazole. The changes were from the normal yellow-green color to brown and nonpigmented variants. Brown variants arising from strain 1 were studied in most detail, and were found to occur as spontaneous mutants in the normal population with a frequency of about 10−7. These variants have other altered characteristics; notably, they show a change to a smooth colony morphology and resistance to the virulent bacteriophage E79. When grown in the presence of sulfathiazole, pigmentation variants have a selective growth advantage, which would account for their presence in unusually high numbers in populations surviving sulfathiazole treatment.

Published
1964
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98. Erratum: The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Nature (2002) 415 (871-880))

Author

Wood, V., Gwilliam, R., Rajandream, M. -A, Lyne, M., Lyne, R., Stewart, A., Sgouros, J., Peat, N., Hayles, J., Baker, S., Basham, D., Bowman, S., Brooks, K., Brown, D., Brown, S., Chillingworth, T., Churcher, C., Collins, M., Connor, R., Cronin, A., Davis, P., Feltwell, T., Fraser, A., Gentles, S., Goble, A., Hamlin, N., Harris, D., Hidalgo, J., Hodgson, G., Holroyd, S., Hornsby, T., Howarth, S., Huckle, E. J., Hunt, S., Jagels, K., James, K., Jones, L., Jones, M., Leather, S., Mcdonald, S., Mclean, J., Mooney, P., Moule, S., Mungall, K., Murphy, L., Niblett, D., Odell, C., Oliver, K., O Neil, S., Pearson, D., Quail, M. A., Rabbinowitsch, E., Kim Rutherford, Rutter, S., Saunders, D., Seeger, K., Sharp, S., Skelton, J., Simmonds, M., Squares, R., Squares, S., Stevens, K., Taylor, K., Taylor, R. G., Tivey, A., Walsh, S., Warren, T., Whitehead, S., Woodward, J., Volckaert, G., Aert, R., Robben, J., Grymonprez, B., Weltjens, I., Vanstreels, E., Rieger, M., and Schäfer, M.

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