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51. Metabolic engineering for butanol yield enhancement in Clostridium acetobutylicum

Author

Hope, Ryan and Hope, Ryan

Abstract

Clostridium acetobutylicum is the model solventogenic saccharolytic Clostridium spp. representing a group of bacteria which exclusively produce acetone and n-butanol along with the common solvent, ethanol; known as the ABE pathway. There is broad utility for n-butanol, particularly as a transport fuel but also as an industrial solvent and as a platform chemical. Hydrogen is also a major product of this organism by way of reduction of protons via ferredoxin coupled hydrogenase activity, where electron flux to this product is mediated by the oxidation of organic metabolic intermediates by the enzymes pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) and the electron bifurcating activity of butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (BCD). The role of BCD was explored utilising homologous recombination in-frame deletion methods, however, the apparent essentiality of the gene resulted in maintenance of the vector and the target gene in the genome, likely as a result of a random vector integration event. Replacing BCD with trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (TER) presents a metabolic engineering opportunity by subversion of electron flux to ferredoxin, and ultimately hydrogen gas production, furthermore, it allows us to investigate the importance of the bifurcating role of BCD. Hypothetically, successful replacement of BCD with TER should result in an alcohologenic fermentation, as the cells attempt to maintain redox cofactor homeostasis. The expression of TER resulted in a significant improvement in solvent productivity. Nevertheless, the electron bifurcating activity of BCD appears to be an essential metabolic function for C. acetobutylicum, and DNA-seq data from a mutant strain obtained from a third party suggests that this is due to the role of hydrogenase in maintaining the proton motive force - in which case a complementary mutation interrupting the function of the proton powered flagella will ultimately facilitate the replacement of BCD with TER. A prototypic lactose inducible orthogonal express

52. Comparative genomics reveals high biological diversity and specific adaptations in the industrially and medically important fungal genus Aspergillus

Author

Vries, Ronald P. de, Riley, Robert, Wiebenga, Ad, Aguilar-Osorio, Guillermo, Amillis, Sotiris, Akemi Uchima, Cristiane, Anderluh, Gregor, Asaollahi, Mojtaba, Askin, Marion, Barry, Kerrie, Battaglia, Evy, Bayram, Ozgur, Benocci, Tiziano, Braus-Stromeyer, Susanna A., Caldana, Camila, Cánovas, David, Cerqueira, Gustavo C., Chen, Fusheng, Chen, Wanping, Choi, Cindy, Clum, Alicia, Corrêa dos Santos, Renato Augusto, Lima Damásio, André Ricardo de, Diallinas, George, Emri, Tamás, Fekete, Erzébet, Flipphi, Michel, Freyburg, Susanne, Gallo, Antonia, Gournas, Christos, Habgood, Rob, Hainaut, Matthieu, Harispe, Maria Laura, Henrissat, Bernard, Hildén, Kristiina S., Hope, Ryan, Hossain, Abeer, Karabika, Eugenia, Karaffa, Levente, Karanyi, Zsolt, Krasevec, Nada, Kuo, Alan, Kusch, Harald, LaButti, Kurt, Lagendijk, Ellen L., Lapidus, Alla, Levasseur, Anthony, Lindquist, Erika, Lipzen, Anna, Logrieco, Antonio F., MacCabe, Andrew, Mäkela, Miia R., Malavazi, Iran, Melin, Petter, Meyer, Vera, Mielnichuk, Natalia, Miskei, Márton, Molnár, Ákos P., Mulé, Giuseppina, Ngan, Chew Yee, Orejas, Margarita, Orosz, Erzsébet, Ouedraogo, Jean Paul, Overkamp, Karin M., Park, Hee-Soo, Perrone, Giancarlo, Piumi, Francois, Punt, Peter J., Ram, Arthur F.J., Ramon, Ana, Rauscher, Stefan, Record, Eric, Riaño-Pachón, Diego Mauricio, Robert, Vincent, Röhrig, Julian, Ruller, Roberto, Salamov, Asaf, Salih, Nadhira S., Samson, Rob A., Sándor, Erzsébet, Sanguinetti, Manuel, Schütze, Tabea, Sepčić, Kristina, Shelest, Ekaterina, Sherlock, Gavin, Sophianopoulou, Vicky, Squina, Fabio M., Sun, Hui, Susca, Antonia, Todd, Richard B., Tsang, Adrian, Unkles, Shiela E., Wiele, Nathalie van de, Rossen-Uffink, Diana van, Velasco de Castro Oliveira, Juliana, Vesth, Tammi C., Visser, Jaap, Yu, Jae-Hyuk, Zhou, Miaomiao, Andersen, Mikael R., Archer, David B., Baker, Scott E., Benoit, Isabelle, Brakhage, Axel A., Braus, Gerhard H., Fischer, Reinhard, Frisvad, Jens C., Goldman, Gustavo H., Houbraken, Jos, Oakley, Berl, Pócsi, István, Scazzocchio, Claudio, Seiboth, Bernhard, vanKuyk, Patricia A., Wortman, Jennifer, Dyer, Paul S., Grigoriev, Igor V., Vries, Ronald P. de, Riley, Robert, Wiebenga, Ad, Aguilar-Osorio, Guillermo, Amillis, Sotiris, Akemi Uchima, Cristiane, Anderluh, Gregor, Asaollahi, Mojtaba, Askin, Marion, Barry, Kerrie, Battaglia, Evy, Bayram, Ozgur, Benocci, Tiziano, Braus-Stromeyer, Susanna A., Caldana, Camila, Cánovas, David, Cerqueira, Gustavo C., Chen, Fusheng, Chen, Wanping, Choi, Cindy, Clum, Alicia, Corrêa dos Santos, Renato Augusto, Lima Damásio, André Ricardo de, Diallinas, George, Emri, Tamás, Fekete, Erzébet, Flipphi, Michel, Freyburg, Susanne, Gallo, Antonia, Gournas, Christos, Habgood, Rob, Hainaut, Matthieu, Harispe, Maria Laura, Henrissat, Bernard, Hildén, Kristiina S., Hope, Ryan, Hossain, Abeer, Karabika, Eugenia, Karaffa, Levente, Karanyi, Zsolt, Krasevec, Nada, Kuo, Alan, Kusch, Harald, LaButti, Kurt, Lagendijk, Ellen L., Lapidus, Alla, Levasseur, Anthony, Lindquist, Erika, Lipzen, Anna, Logrieco, Antonio F., MacCabe, Andrew, Mäkela, Miia R., Malavazi, Iran, Melin, Petter, Meyer, Vera, Mielnichuk, Natalia, Miskei, Márton, Molnár, Ákos P., Mulé, Giuseppina, Ngan, Chew Yee, Orejas, Margarita, Orosz, Erzsébet, Ouedraogo, Jean Paul, Overkamp, Karin M., Park, Hee-Soo, Perrone, Giancarlo, Piumi, Francois, Punt, Peter J., Ram, Arthur F.J., Ramon, Ana, Rauscher, Stefan, Record, Eric, Riaño-Pachón, Diego Mauricio, Robert, Vincent, Röhrig, Julian, Ruller, Roberto, Salamov, Asaf, Salih, Nadhira S., Samson, Rob A., Sándor, Erzsébet, Sanguinetti, Manuel, Schütze, Tabea, Sepčić, Kristina, Shelest, Ekaterina, Sherlock, Gavin, Sophianopoulou, Vicky, Squina, Fabio M., Sun, Hui, Susca, Antonia, Todd, Richard B., Tsang, Adrian, Unkles, Shiela E., Wiele, Nathalie van de, Rossen-Uffink, Diana van, Velasco de Castro Oliveira, Juliana, Vesth, Tammi C., Visser, Jaap, Yu, Jae-Hyuk, Zhou, Miaomiao, Andersen, Mikael R., Archer, David B., Baker, Scott E., Benoit, Isabelle, Brakhage, Axel A., Braus, Gerhard H., Fischer, Reinhard, Frisvad, Jens C., Goldman, Gustavo H., Houbraken, Jos, Oakley, Berl, Pócsi, István, Scazzocchio, Claudio, Seiboth, Bernhard, vanKuyk, Patricia A., Wortman, Jennifer, Dyer, Paul S., and Grigoriev, Igor V.

Abstract

Background: The fungal genus Aspergillus is of critical importance to humankind. Species include those with industrial applications, important pathogens of humans, animals and crops, a source of potent carcinogenic contaminants of food, and an important genetic model. The genome sequences of eight aspergilli have already been explored to investigate aspects of fungal biology, raising questions about evolution and specialization within this genus. Results: We have generated genome sequences for ten novel, highly diverse Aspergillus species and compared these in detail to sister and more distant genera. Comparative studies of key aspects of fungal biology, including primary and secondary metabolism, stress response, biomass degradation, and signal transduction, revealed both conservation and diversity among the species. Observed genomic differences were validated with experimental studies. This revealed several highlights, such as the potential for sex in asexual species, organic acid production genes being a key feature of black aspergilli, alternative approaches for degrading plant biomass, and indications for the genetic basis of stress response. A genome-wide phylogenetic analysis demonstrated in detail the relationship of the newly genome sequenced species with other aspergilli. Conclusions: Many aspects of biological differences between fungal species cannot be explained by current knowledge obtained from genome sequences. The comparative genomics and experimental study, presented here, allows for the first time a genus-wide view of the biological diversity of the aspergilli and in many, but not all, cases linked genome differences to phenotype. Insights gained could be exploited for biotechnological and medical applications of fungi.

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53. Comparative genomics reveals high biological diversity and specific adaptations in the industrially and medically important fungal genus Aspergillus

Author

Vries, Ronald P. de, Riley, Robert, Wiebenga, Ad, Aguilar-Osorio, Guillermo, Amillis, Sotiris, Akemi Uchima, Cristiane, Anderluh, Gregor, Asaollahi, Mojtaba, Askin, Marion, Barry, Kerrie, Battaglia, Evy, Bayram, Ozgur, Benocci, Tiziano, Braus-Stromeyer, Susanna A., Caldana, Camila, Cánovas, David, Cerqueira, Gustavo C., Chen, Fusheng, Chen, Wanping, Choi, Cindy, Clum, Alicia, Corrêa dos Santos, Renato Augusto, Lima Damásio, André Ricardo de, Diallinas, George, Emri, Tamás, Fekete, Erzébet, Flipphi, Michel, Freyburg, Susanne, Gallo, Antonia, Gournas, Christos, Habgood, Rob, Hainaut, Matthieu, Harispe, Maria Laura, Henrissat, Bernard, Hildén, Kristiina S., Hope, Ryan, Hossain, Abeer, Karabika, Eugenia, Karaffa, Levente, Karanyi, Zsolt, Krasevec, Nada, Kuo, Alan, Kusch, Harald, LaButti, Kurt, Lagendijk, Ellen L., Lapidus, Alla, Levasseur, Anthony, Lindquist, Erika, Lipzen, Anna, Logrieco, Antonio F., MacCabe, Andrew, Mäkela, Miia R., Malavazi, Iran, Melin, Petter, Meyer, Vera, Mielnichuk, Natalia, Miskei, Márton, Molnár, Ákos P., Mulé, Giuseppina, Ngan, Chew Yee, Orejas, Margarita, Orosz, Erzsébet, Ouedraogo, Jean Paul, Overkamp, Karin M., Park, Hee-Soo, Perrone, Giancarlo, Piumi, Francois, Punt, Peter J., Ram, Arthur F.J., Ramon, Ana, Rauscher, Stefan, Record, Eric, Riaño-Pachón, Diego Mauricio, Robert, Vincent, Röhrig, Julian, Ruller, Roberto, Salamov, Asaf, Salih, Nadhira S., Samson, Rob A., Sándor, Erzsébet, Sanguinetti, Manuel, Schütze, Tabea, Sepčić, Kristina, Shelest, Ekaterina, Sherlock, Gavin, Sophianopoulou, Vicky, Squina, Fabio M., Sun, Hui, Susca, Antonia, Todd, Richard B., Tsang, Adrian, Unkles, Shiela E., Wiele, Nathalie van de, Rossen-Uffink, Diana van, Velasco de Castro Oliveira, Juliana, Vesth, Tammi C., Visser, Jaap, Yu, Jae-Hyuk, Zhou, Miaomiao, Andersen, Mikael R., Archer, David B., Baker, Scott E., Benoit, Isabelle, Brakhage, Axel A., Braus, Gerhard H., Fischer, Reinhard, Frisvad, Jens C., Goldman, Gustavo H., Houbraken, Jos, Oakley, Berl, Pócsi, István, Scazzocchio, Claudio, Seiboth, Bernhard, vanKuyk, Patricia A., Wortman, Jennifer, Dyer, Paul S., Grigoriev, Igor V., Vries, Ronald P. de, Riley, Robert, Wiebenga, Ad, Aguilar-Osorio, Guillermo, Amillis, Sotiris, Akemi Uchima, Cristiane, Anderluh, Gregor, Asaollahi, Mojtaba, Askin, Marion, Barry, Kerrie, Battaglia, Evy, Bayram, Ozgur, Benocci, Tiziano, Braus-Stromeyer, Susanna A., Caldana, Camila, Cánovas, David, Cerqueira, Gustavo C., Chen, Fusheng, Chen, Wanping, Choi, Cindy, Clum, Alicia, Corrêa dos Santos, Renato Augusto, Lima Damásio, André Ricardo de, Diallinas, George, Emri, Tamás, Fekete, Erzébet, Flipphi, Michel, Freyburg, Susanne, Gallo, Antonia, Gournas, Christos, Habgood, Rob, Hainaut, Matthieu, Harispe, Maria Laura, Henrissat, Bernard, Hildén, Kristiina S., Hope, Ryan, Hossain, Abeer, Karabika, Eugenia, Karaffa, Levente, Karanyi, Zsolt, Krasevec, Nada, Kuo, Alan, Kusch, Harald, LaButti, Kurt, Lagendijk, Ellen L., Lapidus, Alla, Levasseur, Anthony, Lindquist, Erika, Lipzen, Anna, Logrieco, Antonio F., MacCabe, Andrew, Mäkela, Miia R., Malavazi, Iran, Melin, Petter, Meyer, Vera, Mielnichuk, Natalia, Miskei, Márton, Molnár, Ákos P., Mulé, Giuseppina, Ngan, Chew Yee, Orejas, Margarita, Orosz, Erzsébet, Ouedraogo, Jean Paul, Overkamp, Karin M., Park, Hee-Soo, Perrone, Giancarlo, Piumi, Francois, Punt, Peter J., Ram, Arthur F.J., Ramon, Ana, Rauscher, Stefan, Record, Eric, Riaño-Pachón, Diego Mauricio, Robert, Vincent, Röhrig, Julian, Ruller, Roberto, Salamov, Asaf, Salih, Nadhira S., Samson, Rob A., Sándor, Erzsébet, Sanguinetti, Manuel, Schütze, Tabea, Sepčić, Kristina, Shelest, Ekaterina, Sherlock, Gavin, Sophianopoulou, Vicky, Squina, Fabio M., Sun, Hui, Susca, Antonia, Todd, Richard B., Tsang, Adrian, Unkles, Shiela E., Wiele, Nathalie van de, Rossen-Uffink, Diana van, Velasco de Castro Oliveira, Juliana, Vesth, Tammi C., Visser, Jaap, Yu, Jae-Hyuk, Zhou, Miaomiao, Andersen, Mikael R., Archer, David B., Baker, Scott E., Benoit, Isabelle, Brakhage, Axel A., Braus, Gerhard H., Fischer, Reinhard, Frisvad, Jens C., Goldman, Gustavo H., Houbraken, Jos, Oakley, Berl, Pócsi, István, Scazzocchio, Claudio, Seiboth, Bernhard, vanKuyk, Patricia A., Wortman, Jennifer, Dyer, Paul S., and Grigoriev, Igor V.

Abstract

Background: The fungal genus Aspergillus is of critical importance to humankind. Species include those with industrial applications, important pathogens of humans, animals and crops, a source of potent carcinogenic contaminants of food, and an important genetic model. The genome sequences of eight aspergilli have already been explored to investigate aspects of fungal biology, raising questions about evolution and specialization within this genus. Results: We have generated genome sequences for ten novel, highly diverse Aspergillus species and compared these in detail to sister and more distant genera. Comparative studies of key aspects of fungal biology, including primary and secondary metabolism, stress response, biomass degradation, and signal transduction, revealed both conservation and diversity among the species. Observed genomic differences were validated with experimental studies. This revealed several highlights, such as the potential for sex in asexual species, organic acid production genes being a key feature of black aspergilli, alternative approaches for degrading plant biomass, and indications for the genetic basis of stress response. A genome-wide phylogenetic analysis demonstrated in detail the relationship of the newly genome sequenced species with other aspergilli. Conclusions: Many aspects of biological differences between fungal species cannot be explained by current knowledge obtained from genome sequences. The comparative genomics and experimental study, presented here, allows for the first time a genus-wide view of the biological diversity of the aspergilli and in many, but not all, cases linked genome differences to phenotype. Insights gained could be exploited for biotechnological and medical applications of fungi.

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56. The Predictive utility of the model of multiple identity tracking in air traffic control performance

Author

Hope, Ryan

Subjects
Air traffic control, Human performance, MOMIT, Multiple object tracking, Situation awareness
Abstract

This paper reports an experiment designed to investigate whether the Model of Multiple Identity Tracking can be use to predict air traffic controller performance in terms of situation awareness. The experiment tests a number of predictions derived from the Model of Multiple Identity Tracking. This model posits that when tracking multiple moving objects, the location of 4-5 objects can be acquired in parallel but the identification of any one target needs serial attention. While one object is being identified, an error factor associated with the location of all other objects increases with respect to an objects speed and the amount of time since the object's location-identity binding was refreshed. On an individual basis, working memory limits the number location-identity bindings that be stored at any one time and long term memory makes familiar objects easier to track. The experimental task consisted of tracking a set of moving objects for twenty seconds. The objects were 6-character strings; three letters followed by three numbers. After tracking the objects for twenty seconds, the participant was instructed to locate a target-objects. The time required to find the target object was recorded. The number of objects and the magnitude of direction changes (entropy) were manipulated. The main effect of number of objects was found to be significant. The main effect of entropy was found to be marginally significant. The pattern of results supports the idea that the Model of Multiple Identity Tracking (MOMIT) can be used to predict air traffic controller performance. A formula derived from MOMIT to predict completion time showed a good fit to the experimental data.

Published
2009

57. Equipping a research scale fermentation laboratory for production of membrane proteins

Author

Simon G. Patching, Peter Roach, Ryan J. Hope, Peter G. Stockley, Nicholas G. Rutherford, Henrietta Venter, Mohammed Jamshad, Richard B. Herbert, Roslyn M. Bill, Stephen A. Baldwin, John O'Reilly, Halina Norbertczak, Peter J. F. Henderson, Roach, Peter CJ, O'Reilly, J, Norbertczak, HT, Hope, Ryan, Venter, Henrietta, Patching, Simon, Jamshad, Mohammed, Stockley, Peter G, Baldwin, Stephen A, Herbert, Richard B, Rutherford, Nicholas G, Bill, Roslyn M, and Henderson, Peter JF

Subjects
Waste management, Scale (ratio), Membrane protein, Chemistry, Production (economics), Fermentation
Published
2008

58. An EEG workload classifier for multiple subjects.

Author

Wang Z, Hope RM, Wang Z, Ji Q, and Gray WD

Subjects
Adult, Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, Automation, Bayes Theorem, Computer Systems, Equipment Design, Humans, Male, Models, Theoretical, Neural Networks, Computer, Normal Distribution, Reproducibility of Results, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Electroencephalography methods
Abstract

EEG data has been used to discriminate levels of mental workload when classifiers are created for each subject, but the reliability of classifiers trained on multiple subjects has yet to be investigated. Artificial neural network and naive Bayesian classifiers were trained with data from single and multiple subjects and their ability to discriminate among three difficulty conditions was tested. When trained on data from multiple subjects, both types of classifiers poorly discriminated between the three levels. However, a novel model, the naive Bayesian classifier with a hidden node, performed nearly as well as the models trained and tested on individuals. In addition, a hierarchical Bayes model with a higher level constraint on the hidden node can further improve its performance.

Published
2011
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