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We report a simple strategy for the synthesis of trimetallic Au@PdRu rambutan-like nanocatalysts for efficient hydrogen production with the assistance of methanol oxidation.

Fluorescence probe NRDNP exhibits excellent sensing performance toward H2S with about 80-fold fluorescence enhancement. The excellent sensitivity and a detection limit of 19 nM make it application for fluorescence imaging of H2S in living cells.

Porous N-PdIr bimetallene was synthesized by an efficient and universal two-step method for pH-universal hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis.

OsP/PHMCSs-600 exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability toward the hydrogen evolution reaction under alkaline and neutral conditions.

PdRu bimetallene has been synthesized for the hydrogen evolution reaction, and exhibits excellent catalytic activity with a small overpotential and Tafel slope.

An Os–NixP/N–C/NFIIOs–NixP/N–C/NF electrolyzer has been constructed for simultaneous H2 generation and formate electrosynthesis.

mRu@PANI/CP has been synthesized for pH-universal hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis with excellent electrocatalytic performance.

Trimetallic alloy PdAgAu nanowires are synthesized using 4-aminopyridine as a surfactant and exhibit superior mass activity, specific activity and stability for an alkaline ethanol oxidation reaction.

The electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia provides a green and delocalized route for ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions, which requires advanced catalysts with high activity and selectivity. In this work, we propose a two-step conversion strategy to construct hierarchical copper nanosheet-based Cu nanotubes using pre-synthesized Cu nanowires as the starting material for the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO

RuIrTe nanotubes exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability toward both the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in acidic electrolytes.

Herein, a universal approach is proposed to prepare a nitrogen-doped mesoporous Ru film with uniform pore size on nickel foam (N-mRu/NF) as an active bifunctional catalyst for energy-saving hydrogen production. The N-mRu/NF requires an ultrasmall overpotential of -60 and 62 mV to achieve 100 mA cm

CuO@MnO2 core–shell hierarchical nanoarrays with built-in electric field effects could trigger interfacial accumulation of nitrate ions and accelerate nitrate electroreduction kinetics.

The self-assembly of Ni doped hyperbranched PdCu nanocrystals is achieved by using polyethylene oxide as the surfactant with the assistance of Br ions for efficient electrocatalytic borohydride oxidation.

We present a one-pot wet-chemical pathway to synthesize P-doped PdPb nanoflowers for enhanced oxygen reduction electrocatalysis in alkaline electrolye.

In this communication, a PdMn bimetallene is synthesized using a template-free solvothermal method with the assistance of diamines. The PdMn bimetallene with rich defects and highly curved structures shows superior performance for the formate oxidation reaction (FOR) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). For the two-electrode HER-FOR system, the PdMn bimetallene achieves a much lower voltage of 0.376 V at 10 mA cm

Direct electrosynthesis by a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) is an effective and promising synthetic method for producing H2O2. However, the rate of oxygen reduction reaction is greatly limited...

Yttrium doping regulates the electronic structure of cobalt-based MOFs and boosts their electrocatalytic performance for glycerol electrooxidation and hydrogen evolution.

Folic acid, a water-soluble vitamin B nutrient, plays an important role not only in maintaining a healthy pregnancy but also in offspring brain development and function, however, it remains unclear whether maternal folic acid (FA) supplementation associated with the risk of different postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of maternal FA supplementation on a wide range of postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes which include intellectual development, risk of autistic traits, ADHD, behavior, language, and psychomotor problems, using studies extracted from the following databases, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsychInfo. Thirty-two cohort studies and seven case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. In the present study, we found that prenatal FA supplementation had a positive impact on offspring's neurodevelopmental outcomes, including improved intellectual development and reduced risk of autism traits, ADHD, behavioral, and language problems. We also found that FA over-supplementation was not associated with an improvement in offspring's brain development, and may have a negative impact on offspring's neurodevelopmental outcomes. This study proved the first panoramic review on the relationship of FA supplementation with offspring's neurodevelopment. Further studies focusing on different dosages and periods of FA supplementation are needed.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1993781 .

The design of Au-based materials with good dispersion and more active sites is critical to enhance the catalytic performance of electrochemical ammonia production. Herein, two-dimensional (2D) heterojunction Au-Bi2Te3 nanosheets (Au-Bi2Te3 NSs) are prepared by Au nanoparticles growing on Bi2Te3 nanosheets. Benefiting from the good dispersion of Au nanoparticles and the synergistic effect of the heterojunction composite, Au-Bi2Te3 NSs demonstrate excellent behavior for an ambient nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). In a 0.1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte (N2-saturated), Au-Bi2Te3 NSs display a high NH3 yield rate of 32.73 μg h-1 mgcat.-1 and a faradic efficiency of 20.39% at -0.4 V. The proposed synthetic method provides a feasible strategy for designing high-performance heterojunction electrocatalysts for electrochemical ammonia synthesis.

The optimization of structure and composition is essential to improve the performance of catalysts. Herein, mesoporous nanoparticles assembled PdNi/Ni nanotubes (mPdNi/Ni NTs) are successfully fabricated using nickel nanowires as sacrificial template. The combination of nanotubular structure with mesoporous nanoparticle morphology can provide facilitated transfer channels and sufficient active sites, allowing the full contact and reaction between catalysts and reactants. Therefore, the synthesized mPdNi/Ni NTs exhibite superior ethanol oxidation performance to mesoporous Pd nanotubes and commercial Pd black. This study proposes a rational strategy for the development of nanoparticle assembled nanotubes with surface mesoporous morphology, which can greatly improve catalytic performance in various electrocatalytic fields.

Achieving high efficiency in nitrate (NO3-) to ammonia (NH3) electrocatalysis requires the exploration of advanced electrocatalysts with a well-designed composition and architecture. In this work, a facile one-step hydrothermal approach was developed for the construction of novel Cu/oxygen vacancy-rich Cu-Mn3O4 heterostructured ultrathin nanosheet arrays on Cu foam (Cu/Cu-Mn3O4 NSAs/CF). Two-dimensional ultrathin nanosheet arrays could increase the exposure of catalytically active centers, and the heterogeneous nanointerface and oxygen vacancies synergistically improve the nitrate-to-ammonia activity over the active centers. Due to the desirable compositional and structural advantages, the Cu/Cu-Mn3O4 NSAs/CF demonstrated excellent performance for the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia with high ammonia selectivity (87.6%) and Faradic efficiency (92.4%).

Selective electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia conversion holds significant potential in treatment of nitrate wastewater and simultaneously produces high-value-added ammonia. However, today's development of nitrate-to-ammonia technology remains hindered by the lack of electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity. In this work, metal-organic framework-derived CuPd bimetallic nanoparticles/nitrogen-doped carbon (CuPd/CN) hybrid nanoarrays for efficient ammonia electrosynthesis from nitrate are designed and synthesized. Systematic characterization reveals that the electronic metal-support interaction between the CuPd nanoparticles and N-doped nanocarbon matrix could trigger interfacial charge polarization over the CuPd/CN composite and make Cu sites electron deficient, which is conducive to the adsorption of nitrate ions. Moreover, the Pd atom sites separate by Cu atoms and could catalyze the dissociation of H

There are debates on the management of immature ovarian teratoma and its recurrence. This study aimed to report the incidence of pelvic masses after surgery for immature ovarian teratoma and to identify prognostic factors of disease-free survival after surgery, discussing aspects of primary treatment and postoperative management. Data on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with immature teratomas were collected. Follow-up data were acquired from clinic visits and telephone interviews. Disease-free survival was defined as the time interval between the initial surgery for immature ovarian teratoma and the diagnosis of a new pelvic mass. Survival curves were drawn using the Kaplan-Meire method, and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model using PASW statistics software. The estimated 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival were 74.3% (95%CI 63.9%-84.7%) and 96.5% (95%CI 91.6%-100.0%), respectively. The incidence of growing teratoma syndrome and immature teratoma relapse at a median follow-up of 46 months were 20.0% and 7.7%, respectively. Two patients died of repeated relapses or repeated growing teratoma syndrome. Rupture of initial lesions (RR 4.010, 95%CI 1.035-5.531), lymph node dissection (RR 0.212, 95%CI 0.051-0.887) and adjuvant chemotherapy (RR 0.143, 95%CI 0.024-0.845) were independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival. The development of growing teratoma syndrome is more prevalent than relapse after treatment of immature ovarian teratomas. Lymph node dissection and chemotherapy are recommended to reduce recurrence. Close surveillance and active surgical intervention are important for the diagnosis and appropriate management of new pelvic masses.

The synthesis of catalysts with controllable morphology and composition is important to enhance the catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, trimetallic PtPdY mesoporous nanospheres (PtPdY MNs) are produced via a one-step chemical reduction method applying F127 as soft temple under acidic condition. The mesoporous structure provides a large contact area and also stimulates the diffusion and mass transfer of reactants and products. Besides, synergistic effect among Pt, Pd and Y elements effectively alters their electronic structure, enhancing the catalytic activity. Therefore, the PtPdY MNs show excellent ORR permanence to Pt/C under the alkaline solution. This study offers an effective channel for the preparation of mesoporous metals with rare earth metal doping towards promising electrocatalytic applications.

The artificial ammonia synthesis via electrochemical nitrate reduction has met increasing research interest, but it is still necessary to develop advanced catalysts with high nitrate-to-ammonia capability. Herein, we propose and demonstrate a one-step method to construct binder-free Cu foam-supported oxygen vacancy-rich Cu/CuO

Interface engineering of two-dimensional (2D) materials by conductive polymer modification is one of the valid methods to promote hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. Herein, we report a simple and universal strategy for the synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) modified Rh metallene (Rh@PPy metallene) towards an efficient pH-universal HER. Due to the unique ultrathin 2D metallene structure and the optimized electronic structure between the metallene-PPy surfaces, the as-prepared Rh@PPy metallene not only exhibits excellent HER activity with low overpotentials of 16, 39 and 42 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4, 1 M KOH, and 1 M phosphate buffer solution at current density of 10 mA cm−2, but also displays outstanding stability and durability. This work provides a well-founded pathway to constructe metallene-organic interfaces for various electrocatalytic applications.

Tailoring the morphology and crystal structure of metallene is critical to improve its electrocatalytic performance. In this work, hetero-phase RhB metallene (h-RhB metallene) with amorphous/crystalline structure is readily prepared by a two-step method. The h-RhB metallene is very unique in its non-metallic heteroatom doping and amorphous/crystalline structure. Benefiting from the unique metallene structure and the optimized electronic states induced by the incorporation of B atoms, the h-RhB metallene exhibits superior performance for hydrogen evolution reaction and hydrogen peroxide electro-oxidation reaction (HPOR). When coupled with HPOR, the h-RhB metallene||h-RhB metallene water electrolysis two-electrode system exhibits a lower cell voltage of 0.379 V (@ 10 mA cm

Controlling the morphology and composition of Pd-based catalysts is the key to construct highly efficient electrocatalysts for cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here, rare Earth element Y-doped Pd nanosponge (PdY NSs) are prepared by one-step reduction approach using NaBH4 as reductant, which are employed for ORR under 0.1 M KOH. The PdY NSs with plentiful voids can offer a large number of active sites and improve the mass transfer for ORR. Moreover, the introduction of Y alters the electronic structure of Pd, thus promoting the dissociation and adsorption of oxygen. Therefore, the prepared PdY NSs display superior ORR activity and durability to the Pd NSs and Pd black, highlighting the introduction of rare Earth element on the enhancement of ORR performance for Pd-based catalysts.

The design of electrocatalysts with excellent activity and stability for overall water splitting is highly desirable, and remains a challenge. Constructing heterojunctions onto the same substrate is beneficial for the integration of a water-splitting reaction. Herein, self-supported IrNi/Ni(OH)2@PPy and IrNi/Ni(OH)2@FeOOH are fabricated by coupling polypyrrole (PPy) and iron oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) on IrNi/Ni(OH)2 nanosheets array, respectively. Benefiting from the nanosheet structure, composition, and heterogeneous interface, the as-constructed IrNi/Ni(OH)2@PPy and IrNi/Ni(OH)2@FeOOH catalysts can efficiently drive the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. Moreover, the electrolyzer consisting of IrNi/Ni(OH)2@PPy and IrNi/Ni(OH)2@FeOOH for water splitting requires only a low cell voltage of 1.49 V to deliver 10 mA cm−2. This study provides a useful strategy for constructing efficient electrocatalysts by synergistic composition modulation and interface engineering.

Current methods for industrial-scale ammonia synthesis rely excessively on fossil fuels, causing severe CO2 emissions. The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a sustainable and environmentally friendly technology for ammonia synthesis under environmental conditions. Herein, we demonstrate the rational construction of Au3Cu@Cu nanocages with unique porous core–shell heterostructured walls by a facile two-step synthetic strategy. Due to the hollow cavities, porous core–shell heterostructured walls, and Au3Cu@Cu two-component composition, the as-constructed Au3Cu@Cu nanocages exhibit excellent NRR performance in 0.1 M Na2SO4 saturated with N2, achieving a high ammonia yield up to 33.97 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 and a faradaic efficiency of 21.41% at −0.2 V (vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode). This study will provide insight into the reasonable design and construction of hollow nanostructures with porous heterostructured walls for electrocatalytic applications.

The design of bimetallic core-shell nanostructures with mesoporous surfaces is considered significant to strengthen the catalytic activity and stability for direct methanol fuel cells. Here, we report a flexible method to synthesize Au@Pd core-shell mesoporous nanoflowers (Au@mPd NFs) with Au core coated with mesoporous Pd nano-petals, in which polymeric micelle-assembled structures are used as templates to induce the formation of mesopores. Benefiting from the electronic and structural effects, Au@mPd NFs show excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability for methanol oxidation reaction in alkaline electrolytes. This study demonstrates a versatile strategy for the fabrication of core-shell mesoporous nanoflowers with adjustable composition.

How to boost the electrocatalytic performance of non-Pt catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to substitute Pt is an important research topic. Herein, by combining a one-pot wet-chemical method and the post surface functionalization, we successfully fabricated polyethylenimine (PEI)-modified bimetallic Au@Rh core–shell mesoporous nanospheres (Au@Rh@PEI MNs). Benefiting from the synergetic effects of Au@Rh core–shell mesoporous architectures and interfacial modification by PEI molecules, the resultant Au@Rh@PEI MNs exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability for the HER in all pH value solutions, which even surpass the benchmark commercial Pt/C catalyst. Our synthetic protocol may offer guidelines for the rational design of advanced catalysts for water splitting and other electrocatalytic applications.

Replacing the sluggish anodic oxygen evolution reaction with the thermodynamically favorable hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) is a powerful energy-saving approach for hydrogen production, and the efficiency of this process mainly relies on the design of a highly active catalyst. Herein, we propose a facile micelle-assisted reduction method for the development of uniform RhIr mesoporous nanospheres (RhIr MNs). Benefiting from the 3D mesoporous morphology and favorable electron structure, the RhIr MNs show superior electrocatalytic activity compared to the Rh MNs for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and HzOR in alkaline media. When the RhIr MNs are used as a bifunctional catalyst for the two-electrode overall hydrazine splitting, it only requires a low voltage of 0.13 V to afford 10 mA cm−2, much lower than that of the overall water splitting system. This proposed approach is universal for the rational design of efficient bifunctional Rh-based nanomaterials for hydrazine-assisted water splitting.

The design of efficient bifunctional catalysts for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions is significant for electrochemical water splitting. Here, hierarchical IrTe nanotubes (NTs) with assembled nanosheets have been prepared through a replacement reaction between Te nanowires and metal precursors in the presence of formic acid. Owing to the hollow nanostructure and nanosheet assemblies, the IrTe NTs can be used as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for effective oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in acidic media. More importantly, the IrTe NTs exhibit high-efficiency performance towards electrocatalytic overall water splitting in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, reaching 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of only 1.53 V. This study proposes a powerful approach to fabricate active bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.

Electrochemical reduction of nitrogen to ammonia has received considerable attention for sustainable nitrogen fixation, but the sluggish kinetics results in unsatisfactory activity and efficiency. Designing electrocatalytic active centers for nitrogen adsorption and activation is highly desired. Herein, we present an electrodeposition method for the synthesis of a phosphorus-doped mesoporous rhodium film on nickel foam for the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia. Due to the unique combination of components and structure, the obtained catalyst not only shows excellent catalytic performance (NH3 yield: 32.57 μg h-1 mg-1cat.; faradaic efficiency: 40.86%), but also exhibits almost no decrease in activity after the durability test. This research work can provide a facile synthesis strategy for non-metal-doped porous metal based catalysts, which would be promising for the electrochemical synthesis of ammonia.

Gold (Au)-based nanomaterials, including nanoparticles (NPs) and nanoclusters (NCs), have shown great potential in many electrocatalytic reactions due to their excellent catalytic ability and selectivity. In recent years, Au-based nanostructured materials have been considered as one of the most promising non-platinum (Pt) electrocatalysts. The controlled synthesis of Au-based NPs and NCs and the delicate microstructure adjustment play a vital role in regulating their catalytic activity toward various reactions. This review focuses on the latest progress in the synthesis of efficient Au-based NP and NC electrocatalysts, highlighting the relationship between Au nanostructures and their catalytic activity. This review first discusses the parameters of Au-based nanomaterials that determine their electrocatalytic performance, including composition, particle size and architecture. Subsequently, the latest electrocatalytic applications of Au-based NPs and NCs in various reactions are provided. Finally, some challenges and opportunities are highlighted, which will guide the rational design of Au-based NPs and NCs as promising electrocatalysts.

Mesoporous noble metal-based nanoarchitectures with large cavities and accessible active surfaces have been demonstrated as effective catalysts in electrocatalysis fields, but mesoporous rhodium nanotubes have hardly been reported due to the difficulty in regulating the discrepancy between the reduction rate and micelle assembly rate. Herein, we present a simple dual-template strategy for in situ fabrication of one-dimensional rhodium mesoporous nanotubes (Rh MNTs), in which the obtained Ni nanowires and diblock copolymer micelles facilitate the evolution of tubular interiors and mesoporous exteriors, respectively. The well-developed hollow mesoporous structure can not only provide sufficient active centers and facilitated channels, but can also prevent catalyst aggregation. Therefore, the generated Rh MNTs exhibit excellent activity, favorable kinetics and high durability for the methanol oxidation reaction, which are superior to those of traditional commercial Pt black. This work sheds light on the fabrication of one-dimensional metallic mesoporous nanotube structures for extensive electrocatalytic applications.

Benefiting from the interaction of inorganic and organic building blocks, the design of metal–organic nanohybrids is of great significance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a universal strategy is presented to controllably synthesize tannic acid (TA) functionalized AuPd lavender-like nanochains (AuPd@TA LCs) by a chemical reduction method at low temperature. Due to the unique structural characteristics and polyphenolic modification, the AuPd@TA LCs show superior ORR performance in an alkaline electrolyte. Moreover, the surface decorated TA polymers can act as a molecular screen window to prevent methanol molecules from accessing the active site of the catalyst, thus resulting in high methanol tolerance and catalytic stability. The presented molecular screen window strategy is highly valuable for designing ORR electrocatalysts with high methanol tolerance.

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an important process in electrochemical water splitting, and the key factor for HER technology lies in the development of cost-effective and highly efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, phosphorus (P)-modified ruthenium (Ru)–tellurium (Te) dendritic nanotubes (RuTeP NTs) are prepared via a facile two-step synthetic strategy using Te nanowires as the starting materials. The RuTeP NTs display excellent catalytic performance for the HER in alkaline media with an overpotential of only 35 mV at a cathodic current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is even superior to that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Detailed investigations indicate that the modification with P can improve the electrocatalytically active surface area and electron transfer capability and together with Te, modify the electronic structure of Ru atoms, which synergistically promote the HER electrocatalysis. The present work may open a new avenue to construct P-modified electrocatalysts with a rational design morphology and structure for water splitting or other electrocatalytic reactions.

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is the crucial cathodic half-reaction in electrocatalytic water splitting systems. The development of highly efficient catalysts that can trigger proton reduction with minimal overpotential and have fast kinetics is pivotal for sustainable hydrogen production by means of the HER. Crystal phase engineering and surface functionalization as feasible strategies have attracted growing interest in modulating the HER reactivity of metal-based catalysts. Herein, polyethylenimine-modified Pd2B mesoporous nanoparticles (Pd2B@PEI mNPs) with a stable hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase were rationally designed and successfully prepared by a two-step strategy using Pd mesoporous nanoparticles as the starting material. With the dominant HER-active hcp Pd boride phase and modified surface micro-structure (e.g., increased interfacial proton concentration), the electrocatalytic activity of the as-prepared Pd2B@PEI mNPs for hydrogen evolution in acid electrolyte exceeds those of unmodified Pd2B mNPs and even commercial Pt/C. This study provides new insights for catalyst design through collaborative interface engineering and component modulation.

Electrochemical ammonia synthesis is one of the sustainable technologies to artificially synthesize ammonia because of its reduced energy consumption and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the low ammonia yield and poor selectivity of the nitrogen reduction reaction limit its large-scale industrial applications. Herein, mesoporous RhRu film on nickel foam (mRhRu/NF) is synthesized by electrodeposition using a diblock copolymer as a soft template. The introduction of the Ru element with a high nitrogen adsorption energy into mesoporous Rh film significantly improves the catalytic performance due to the electronic effect and binder-free mesoporous structure. In a neutral solution, the mRhRu/NF shows a high ammonia production rate of 30.28 μg h−1 mgcat−1 and a Faraday efficiency of 28.33%. This research offers an inspiring route for the rational synthesis of self-supported mesoporous alloys for active NRR.