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Background: Accidents are the main cause of mortality in children aged less than 5 years throughout the world. The present study was conducted to empower mothers with children aged less than 5 years in preventing home accidents through the implementation of a risk management training program based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). Materials and Methods: The present pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental study was conducted on 70 mothers with children aged less than 5 years who referred to Community Health Centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2019. The subjects were selected through multistage random sampling and were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 35) and control (n = 35) groups. The data were collected using a two-part questionnaire for demographic characteristics and HBM constructs before, immediately after, and 45 days after the implementation of the risk management training program at a significance level of <0.05. Results: No significant difference was observed between the two groups before the intervention in terms of HBM constructs (p>0.05). However, they significantly differed between the intervention and control groups after the intervention. Moreover, scores of HBM constructs were significantly different immediately and 45 days after the intervention (p <.05). Conclusions: The study results showed the effectiveness of the HBM-based risk management training program; thus, it is essential to design and implement such programs in community health centers to prevent and reduce injuries caused due to home domestic accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social isolation measures adopted during the critical phase of the COVID-19 pandemic led children to spend most of their time at home. Isolation may alter the pattern of traumatic dental injury occurrences, inasmuch as studies point out that most traumatic accidents occur at home. Considering this scenario and the influence of emergency management on the prognosis of the injury, the aim of this study was to evaluate the experience of traumatic dental injuries in children before and during the pandemic, and the knowledge of this topic by the children's guardians. This cross-sectional study was conducted with guardians of children aged 0 to 6 years, residing in Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. The guardians answered an online questionnaire addressing personal information, traumatic dental injury experience before and during the pandemic, and knowledge of this topic. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed using Pearson's chi-square test at a 5% significance level. The total sample consisted of 343 volunteers. A total of 95 and 92 injuries were reported before and during the pandemic, respectively; the home was the place of greatest occurrence. Most volunteers (88.1%) agreed that traumatic dental injuries are emergency situations, and were aware that the tooth/fragment had to be taken to the dentist after a fracture or avulsion (97.4%). This study revealed that the traumatic dental injury experience was similar before and during the pandemic, and that the volunteers had satisfactory knowledge, especially in recognizing the importance of immediate attention for a more favorable prognosis of these injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In most countries, the old-age people population continues to rise. Because young adults are busy with their work engagements, they have to let the elderly stay at home alone. This is quite dangerous, as accidents at home may happen anytime without anyone knowing. Although sending elderly relatives to an elderly care center or hiring a caregiver are good solutions, they may not be feasible since it may be too expensive over a long-term period. The behavior patterns of elderly people during daily activities can give hints about their health condition. If an abnormal behavior pattern can be detected in advance, then precautions can be taken at an early stage. Previous studies have suggested machine learning techniques for such anomaly detection but most of the techniques are complicated. In this paper, a simple model for detecting anomaly patterns in human activity sequences using Random forest (RF) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifiers is presented. The model was implemented on a public dataset and it showed that the RF classifier performed better, with an accuracy of 85%, compared to the KNN classifier, which achieved 73%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ahi Evran Medical Journal is the property of Ahi Evran University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected our lives in all areas. Due to the social isolation policies implemented during this period, the majority of parents and all school-age children spent their lives at home. This study aims to investigate the effects of pandemic and isolation on home accidents treated in our center.Methods: Foreign body ingestion (gastric foreign bodies: G.FB), foreign body aspiration (respiratory foreign bodies: R.FB), and corrosive substance (CS) ingestion cases admitted to our hospital between March 11, 2019, and March 10, 2021, were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data, type and cause of home accidents, the time of the accident and the admission to the hospital, the location of the foreign body, and the follow-up data were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups: the pre-pandemic period (11 March 2019-10 March 2020) and the COVID pandemic period (11 March 2020-10 March 2021), and the data were evaluated between two groups as < 6 years old and 6-18 years old.Results: During the 2 years, a total of 982 patients were admitted to our hospital for G.FB, R.FB, or CS. Four hundred and eighty-three of them (49.2%) were in the pre-pandemic period and 499 (50.8%) were in the pandemic period (p = 0.206). The mean age of the patients was 3.63 ± 3.32 years; 82.4% of the patients in the pre-pandemic group and 85.4% of the patients in the pandemic group were children < 6 years old. While the F/M ratio was 1/1.5 during the pre-pandemic period, it was 1/1.1 during the pandemic period. Of the cases, 73.3% were G.FB, 4.6% were R.FB, and 22.1% were CS. Almost half of the accidents occurred between the hours of 16 and 24. During the pandemic period, the accidents increased to occur between 0 and 8 am in children < 6 years old, and between 8 am and 4 pm in children 6-18 years old (p = 0.003). All of the home accidents in the 6-18 age group between 0 and 8 o'clock were girls (p < 0.0001). During the pandemic period, the frequency of button batteries and food products increased in G.FB. Also, the frequency of R.FB increased significantly (p = 0.006) and the most common R.FB was the food products. The frequency of CS increased in girls during the pandemic period, and CSs were brought to the hospital in a shorter time after the accident during the pandemic period (p = 0.007).Conclusions: It can be thought that the main reason why home accidents are common in the 0-6 age group is due to the developmental characteristics of the child rather than the longer time spent at home. The pandemic and isolation increase the frequency of foreign body aspirations and home accidents in girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate home accidents experienced by children aged 0-6 in the last two weeks, the level of security measures taken by mothers towards home accidents, and the affecting factors. Materials and Methods: The data were collected through a questionnaire form and "The Scale for Diagnosing the Safety Measures of the Mother for Home Accidents in Children 0-6" with 289 mothers with children aged 0-6 who applied to a pediatric clinic. Results: The mean score of the scale used in the study was 165.56±16.84. The higher the education level of the mother, the higher the scale score and the relationship between them was found to be statistically significant (p=0.033). The scale means score of working mothers was found to be significantly higher than that of nonworking mothers (p=0.006). The mean score of mothers whose children had no home accident was higher than those whose children had a home accident, but the difference was insignificant (p=0.694). It was found that children of 9.00% of the mothers had had a home accident in the last two weeks, and the most common type of home accident was a fall. Most children who had a home accident were between 0-2. Conclusion: It was determined that demographic characteristics of mothers, such as education and working status, were effective in their knowledge and attitudes about home accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: People older than 65 years tend to have traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) more frequently and have a higher mortality rate after TBI than younger individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of age on in-hospital mortality among patients who had fall-related TBIs at home, emphasizing the effect of specific locations in the house on the outcome.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using the Emergency Department-based Injury In-Depth Surveillance (EDIIS) database in South Korea. Patients aged 65 years or older with a slip or fall injury, accidental injury at home, and no major diagnosis other than TBI were included. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Subgroup analysis was conducted to determine the effect of locations on the relationship between age and in-hospital mortality.Results: Of the 2,571,442 patients in the EDIIS database, 9,747 were included in this study. The most common injury location was room or bedroom (29.1%), followed by living room or kitchen (23.0%), bathroom (20.2%), stairs (15.8%), and outdoor spaces of the house (11.9%). There was a significant association between increased in-hospital mortality and oldest old age. The stairs or outdoor spaces of the house was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality compared to rooms inside the house. The oldest age group showed a higher association with in-hospital mortality than the young-old group, especially in the bathroom, stairs, and outdoor spaces of the house.Conclusions: Elderly individuals over the age of 85 are the most vulnerable to fall-related TBI mortality at home. A fall prevention strategy for the oldest-old is needed, especially for the bathroom, stairs, and the ancillary space outside the house. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The violent death of a child leaves mothers devastated, bereaved, and desperate for meaning. This study examined 15 Muslim Arab bereaved mothers (aged 28–46) from northern Israel, whose children (aged 1–6) died in home accidents 2–7 years earlier. Using a descriptive phenomenological approach, thematic analysis identified three themes: "enduring mental effects," "self-blame," and "struggle to ascribe meaning to the loss within the Islamic faith and social values." The role of attributing meaning, managing guilt, and the struggle to reconcile conflicting religious and societal views are examined. A need for treating bereaved mothers' feelings of guilt was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home regulations have increased child home injuries. This study illustrates the type and frequency of child home injuries in Greece during the COVID-19 lockdown. Moreover, the survey reports the results on parents' proposals regarding child injuries at home during the COVID-19 quarantine. A community-based, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from November to December 2021 in Greece. Parents were asked to voluntarily complete an anonymous questionnaire, designed for the needs of the research. A statistical analysis of the data was performed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests for a normal distribution, a chi-squared (χ2) test to compare percentages among different groups and a non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test to determine the differences in Likert scale variables between two groups. A total of 130 parents with at least one child were questioned through an online questionnaire survey. Of the parents, 39.3%, stated that the number of accidents in their home increased. The most frequent accidents were injuries (49.3%). Most of the accidents occurred inside the house (75.8%) and were observed among children aged 0–4 years. A high percentage of children's accidents was observed in rural/island areas or in the suburbs. Children who were with either their father or mother had one accident, and a higher number of accidents occurred when the children were with their grandparents, with the nanny or alone. For those parents who had difficulty supervising their child, child accidents increased compared to parents who had the ability to supervise. It was noticed that parents who knew how to provide a safe home stated that the number of accidents remained the same. Parents must organize a safer home. Authorities should educate parents on child injury prevention and provide them with financial facilities to provide a safer house. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of childhood injuries and result in thousands of deaths annually. However, children are at higher risk due to their increased curiosity and the time they spend at home. This study aimed to assess maternal knowledge regarding preventive measures for household injuries, including their frequency and severity., Method: Using an electronic, self-administered questionnaire, this cross-sectional study assessed the knowledge and awareness of 433 mothers of children aged 1 to 12 years in our population between March 22 and July 31, 2023. Participants' awareness levels were the main outcome., Results: Of the participants, 54% reported that their children had experienced domestic injuries. The most frequently reported injuries were falls, burns, and wounds caused by sharp objects. Moreover, more than 50% of the children needed to visit the emergency department, of whom 10% required hospitalization. Regarding the awareness level score, 55% of mothers had moderate knowledge of home-related injuries. Furthermore, attending first-aid courses and other health education programs predicted higher awareness scores among the mothers., Conclusions: More than half of the children in our study population had injuries that had occurred recently or in previous years. There was a significant discrepancy between the mothers' reported knowledge and their safety practices., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Unit of Biomedical Ethics Research Ethics Committee (REC), King Abdulaziz University issued approval 186-23. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Alhadrami et al.)

BackgroundAccidental injuries are the leading cause of deaths and disabilities in children globally and most of them occur at home. To save life and prevent sequelae, domestic helpers (DHs) require providing emergency management (i.e., first aid) to children involved in home accidents. However, their self-efficacy in emergency management for children is rarely investigated. Hence, this study aimed to tap that research gap.MethodsThis study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive survey design. A convenience sample of 385 DHs was obtained in Hong Kong. DHs' self-efficacy in emergency management for children involved in home accidents was measured using a 12-item well-validated survey instrument “Self-Efficacy of First Aid in Unintentional Injury at Home”. The total score ranged from 0 to 48. A higher score indicates greater confidence in emergency management for children involved in home accidents.ResultsAll the participants were women and most of them were aged between 31 and 35 years (N = 103, 26.8%). The mean score for DHs' self-efficacy in emergency management was 29.0 (SD 10.1). The three items with the lowest self-efficacy were managing bone fractures, performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and providing artificial respiration. Bivariate analysis showed that DHs' self-efficacy was significantly related to their educational level, first aid training, caring experience, and working experience. Multiple linear regression indicated that DHs' educational level (β = 0.136, p = 0.001) and first aid training (β = 0.532, p

Background: A mother has a more active role in the care of children, to provide safe childcare in the home environment, awareness and self-efficacy in-home accidents must be established. Aim: This study was conducted to examine mothers' awareness of house accidents and their self-efficacy in first aid. Method: This defined, cross-sectional study was completed with 252 mothers with children aged 0-3 years. The data were collected using the "Introductory Information Form," "Mother Home Accidents Awareness Scale" and " Self-Efficacy of First Aid Scale for Home Accidents". Number, percentage, age distributions, average and standard deviation, were used for descriptive features in the analysis of the obtained data. T-test and ANOVA tests were used to compare the promotional features of the participants with total scale scores and subscale scores. A Pearson correlation test was performed to determine the relationship between parametric data. Results: The research concluded that mothers with an educational status, number of children, a job generating an income, with children aged 0-3 and being a mother after the age of 20 affected household accident awareness by mothers. It has been revealed that your mother's work on a job affects her first-aid self-efficacy. Mothers who were not in a house accident and were therefore not hospitalized have been found to have high awareness of the home accident. Conclusion: It has been determined that unemployed mothers are undereducated, young mothers with too many children and children who have house accidents have a lower level of first-aid self-efficacy and awareness of home accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: We proposed to analyze thoroughly the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown (CL) in changes of profiles and in trend of the domestic accidents (DAs) in children. Methods: This was a single experience, cross-sectional study conducted at the emergency department (ED) of III trauma center. We enrolled children under 18 years admitted to ED with a diagnosis of DAs comparing the CL period from 10th March 2020 to 4th May 2020 with the same period of the previous year,10th March 2019 to 4th May 2019. Results: In CL period, the cumulative incidence of ED visits for DAs increased from 86.88 to 272.13 per 1,000 children and the cumulative incidence of hospitalizations for DAs increased from 409.72 to 534.48 per 1,000 children. We reported in CL a decrease in the severity of ED presentation assessed by proxy measures: the level of priority ED visits reduced by 67% in CL period (OR: 0.33; 95%CI 0.22–0.48; p < 0.001); the likelihood of delayed time of presentation to ED increased by 65% in case of domestic injuries occurring in CL period (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.17–2.34; p = 0.004); the odds of transfer from other hospital decreased by 78% in CL (OR: 0.15–0.33; p < 0.001). Children were more at risk of poisoning (OR:3.35–106.11; p = 0.001), of body foreign ingestion (OR: 1.83–14.39; p = 0.002) and less at risk of animal bite trauma (OR:0.05–0.35; p < 0.001). Conclusion: Although the need to stay home has made a decisive breakthrough on the spread of COVID-19, the experience from this study underlines how this preventive measure has also had a downside in term of increased cumulative incidence of ED visits and of hospitalizations for DA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the characteristics of patients who were admitted to the emergency department for a hand injury and to make preventive inferences for hand injuries in terms of public health. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 10,352 patients admitted to the emergency department between August 2016 and July 2020. Results: The average age was 28.4. Injuries mostly occurred in the 25-34 age interval (18.7%). Men predominated in the patient group (70.27%), and injuries were almost equally distributed between right and left sides, with fingers being the most frequently affected region. Common etiologies included falling, occupational injury, and home accidents, leading most frequently to fracture/dislocations, skin nail injuries, and tendon injuries. Amputations comprised 6.3% of the injuries. Complicated injuries mostly occurred in young males and were mostly due to work accidents. Conclusions: Hand injuries can be devastating, and increased individual and social awareness and improved occupational standards are required for prevention (level of evidence: III). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Gumushane University, Faculty of Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Scalds from hot tap water can have devastating consequences and lifelong impact on survivors. The aims of this study were to (i) describe the frequency, demographic profile, injury event characteristics, and in-hospital outcomes for people with tap water scalds admitted to Australian and New Zealand burn centres; and (ii) determine whether variation was present in the frequency and epidemiological characteristics of tap water scalds between jurisdictions.Methods: Data were extracted from the Burns Registry of Australia and New Zealand for people with tap water scalds admitted to Australian or New Zealand burn centres between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018. Demographic, injury severity and event characteristics, surgical intervention, and in-hospital outcomes were investigated.Results: We included 650 people with tap water scalds admitted to Australian and New Zealand burn centres during the study period. Australians with tap water scalds (median [IQR] 29 [1-69] years) were older than New Zealanders (2 [1-36] years). Most tap water scalds occurred in the home, and 92% of these occurred in the bathroom. More than 55% of injuries occurred due to the accidental alteration of water temperature at the tap fixture. Two thirds of patients underwent a surgical wound procedure. The overall mortality rate was 3.7%, and the median hospital length of stay was 8.8 days.Conclusion: Tap water scalds remain a public health problem in Australia and New Zealand. Our research highlights where gaps in current heated water regulations in residential homes perpetuate risks of tap water scalds, particularly in high-risk groups at the extremes of age. Extending current heated water regulations to include all Australia and New Zealand homes is urgently needed in conjunction with design safety improvements, and ongoing education of key stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the potential relationship between ocular trauma and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related clinical outcomes in adults.Methods: This prospective case-control study included 108 ocular trauma patients and 90 age-sex-matched healthy control. The ocular trauma group was separated into the subgroups home accident, outdoor activity, and work related in terms of the reasons for ocular trauma, and as ocular surface problems, blunt trauma-related, and open globe injury in terms of the clinical findings. The ADHD-related clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS). The outcomes were compared between ocular trauma and control groups, and ocular trauma subgroups.Results: The demographic characteristics of ocular trauma groups and controls were similar (P > 0.05, for all). In comparison to the control group, the ocular trauma group had higher total WURS score and WURS subscale scores, but not significantly (P > 0.05, for all). According to comparisons of the subgroups separated by the reasons, there was significant difference in the mean behavioral problems/impulsivity scores in favor of outdoor activities (P = 0.015). On the other hand, the mean scores for WURS subscales of the subgroups separated by the clinical findings were similar (P > 0.05, for all).Conclusion: WURS scores in ocular trauma patients are similar to control; however, the score in behavioral problems/impulsivity subscales is higher for ocular trauma caused by outdoor activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Management of hand trauma has evolved to incorporate assessment, treatment and rehabilitation of patients in a 'one-stop' clinic on initial presentation. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the choice of treatment for hand fractures using inter-rater agreement between surgeons. Methods: All patients with hand fractures during the COVID-19 lockdown from March to May 2020 were included in the study. Two experienced hand surgeons blinded to management and outcomes independently reviewed radiographic images and relevant clinical history to provide their opinion on optimal treatment. Weighted kappa analysis was performed to determine concordance and inter-rater agreement between the two surgeons and actual management. Results: The study included 82 patients (62 men and 20 women) with a mean age of 40.3 (SD 19.7). The injuries occurred most often at home following an accident (34%) or a fall (28%). Fractures involved the metacarpals in 29 patients and the distal phalanx in 22 patients. Thirty-five patients underwent surgery, whereas 47 were managed conservatively. Overall agreement between actual management and consultant A and consultant B was moderate (κ = 0.55, p < 0.0001 and κ = 0.63, p < 0.0001, respectively). Subgroup analysis showed a weak agreement between actual management of metacarpal fractures and consultant A and consultant B (κ = 0.22, p = 0.29 and κ = 0.47, p = 0.02, respectively). Inter-rater agreement was substantial for management of metacarpal fractures (κ = 0.73, p < 0.0001), but weak for distal phalanx fractures (κ = 0.29, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Our study has shown that overall management of hand fractures remained optimised throughout the pandemic. However, a lack of concordance was observed in the management of metacarpals. Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accidents mainly occur at home, children are the most vulnerable to in any household. Objectives: The goals of this study were to identify the commonest causes of home accidents that necessitate secondary and tertiary care admission. And to find out social variables related to home accidents. Patients and Methods: It is a descriptive hospital-based cross-sectional study which was carried out on a convenient sample of 200 preschool children who were cared for Emergency Department in Babylon Maternity and Pediatrics Hospital and Imam Sadik General Teaching Hospital whose mothers accepted to participate in this study. It was conducted over a period of four months from April 1 to August 1, 2021. Data were collected through interviewing the participants who were asked to give their verbal consent to a structural questionnaire containing information about sociodemographic factors, child, and family variables. The information was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Result: The rate of home accidents (falls and blows by forceful sticks) among children under the age of six years were 55.50% and 24.50%, respectively. From the different investigated factors, Paternal educational level showed significant relation to home accidents, and other variables (maternal educational level, number of family members, and home size) were found to be risk factors for home injuries. Conclusion: Falls were the commonest cause of unintentional injuries; in children, home accidents are still the major problem and jeopardize the lives of children. Home accidents among children under the age of six years are increasing and this issue requires more attention and effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Home accidents or domestic accidents are now a days a major reason of death or disabilities in this world .Where as Children less than 5 yearsare most likely prone to home accidents due to many reasons such as their curious nature of knowing the things better,lack of supervision of care takers, mothers lack of knowledge on prevention of home accidents etc. As a primary care giver mothers knowledge about home accidents plays an important role in avoiding unintentional injuries among children. OBJECTIVES: 1). Assess the prevalence of home accidents among under five children. 2 ).Assess the mother’s knowledge regarding home accidents among under-five children. 3).Find out the association between the prevalence of home accidents among under-five children and selected socio-demographic variables 4). Find out the association between the mother’s knowledge regarding home accidents among underfive children and selected socio-demographic variables. METHOD: Descriptive research design has been used to attain the objectives of present study. A total 100 mothers of under five children were selected as sample by using convenient sampling technique. RESULT: The prevalence of home accidents among under five children revealed that 33% of children had home accidents and 67% had no home accidents. Hence the prevalence rate of home accidents among under five children was 33%. Results showed that majority 86% of mothers had average knowledge and 14% of mothers had poor knowledge regarding prevention and management of home accidents.the association between prevalence of home accidents of under five children with selected demographic variables which was tested by using chi-square test. Results showed that age of the mothers, educational status, monthly income of family, occupational status, type of family, number of children and mass media were found statistically non significant association at p<0.05 level with prevalence of home accidents of under five children. the association between level of knowledge regarding prevention and management of home accidents among mothers of under five children with selected demographic variables which was tested by using chi-square test. Results showed number of children of mothers was statistically significant association at p<0.05 level with level of knowledge regarding prevention and management of home accidents. The other demographic variables such as age of the mothers, educational status, monthly income of family, occupational status, type of family and mass media were found statistically non significant association at p<0.05 level with level of knowledge regarding prevention and management of home accidents. CONCLUSION: study concluded that there is need for paying much more attention on mother’s education on prevention of home accidents in under five children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Home-related accidents are the main health problem and the second frequent reason of morbidity and mortality after road accidents. This study aimed to determine the status of home injuries and related factors during 2018–2019 in Kashan, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2012–2013, in Kashan, convenience sampling method was used and patients referred to the emergency department who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and t-test also for multivariate analysis logistic regression analysis was used. Results: The number 939 questionnaires were completed in total, that 420 were male. There was a statistically significant between age, job, educational level, place of reference, primary cause, mechanism and type of injury, medical diagnosis, and patients' hospitalization. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the effective factors such as the place of referral (Shahid Behest Hospital) (odds ratio [OR] =1.923, P < 0.001), past medical history (OR = 4.280, P = 0.015), cut and sharp instrument (OR = 2.104, P = 0.006), falling (OR = 1.626, P = 0.022), and fracture (OR = 2.781, P < 0.001) have increased the risk of hospitalization. Conclusions: This study provides novel evidence suggesting predictive variables of home accidents are associated with the outcome of hospitalization. Therefore, educational programs and specific interventions should focus on predictive factors to prevent of home accidents.

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Background: There are many common household emergencies that may involve children. This includes poisoning, falls, burns, choking, animal bites, very high fever and also febrile fits. Knowledge about preventive measures to prevent these accidents as home as well as knowing what to do when it occurs may help in preventing further complications and may aid in recovery. Therefore, this study aims to find out the general public knowledge regarding the preventive steps and early emergency steps that can be taken upon emergencies occurring among children. Methods: A cross sectional study incorporating a questionnaire/instrument that included brief sociodemographic data and a total of 10 questions on common household injuries and emergencies, and either preventive steps or early interventions was used. The topics covered were 6 core topics on poisoning, falls, burns, choking, animal bites, high fever and also febrile fits. Results: The total number of respondents was 119 parents. This study overall showed a good knowledge, attitude and practice among the parents towards common emergency inflicting children. Older aged and female parent were found to have more knowledge and positive attitude towards common emergencies among children, respectively. Conclusion: Group identified as having a lower knowledge, attitude and/or practice should be targeted in future community education programmes to increase the knowledge as well positive attitudes and practices towards identifying and managing common emergencies among children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The home injury risk of children is high because of a lack of awareness to danger, a sensitivity to environmental risks and curiosity about finding and learning new things. The main aims of this study were to determine the frequency of home injuries in children over 3 years of age; to examine the relationship between the frequency of home injuries and the characteristics of the home and the safety measures taken. Materials and Methods: The study data were collected through a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, safety of the home and the "Scale for Identification by Mothers of the Safety Measures Taken to Prevent Home Injuries in Children between 0-6 Ages". Results: In this study, it was determined that 26.4% of children had had a home injury at least once in their life, and 7.3% of the children had had a home injury during the previous year. The most common home injury was falling and the most frequently injured area was the upper and/or lower extremity. It was determined that the injuries occurred most frequently in the lounge, in summer, on Tuesdays, and in the afternoon. Conclusion: Supervision of children is very important in terms of preventing possible injuries. It should not be forgotten that home injuries are preventable. Parents should be educated with regards to home injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and predictors of home fall among elderly people living in Qazvin City, Iran, 2018. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 300 elderly people aged 60 years or higher who were selected by cluster sampling technique. Data were collected by demographic and chronic diseases checklist, checklist of the characteristics of fall in the last year, Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT), self-reported health scale, and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The logistic regression model was conducted to determine predictors of home falls. Results: The mean age of the 300 older people who participated in the study was 70.11±8.90 years. Approximately, one-third of them (n=100, 33.3%) reported at least one fall during the last year. The results of the logistic regression revealed that the number of medicines used (OR=5.31, CI=1.44-19.49), history of the physical disease (OR=1.31, CI=1.01-1.70), age (OR=1.09, CI=1.03-1.15), balance control (OR=1.04, CI=0.07-1.01), and physical activity (OR=0.72, CI=0.57-0.92) were internal predictors of the fall among older adults. Discussion: The findings of our study disclosed that the incidence of falls is rather high among older people. The frequency of falls increased by advancing age, increase the number of physical illnesses and medicines used, poor balance, and a reduction in physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to provide a comparative characterization of the prevalence of polymorphic variants of cytokine genes in plasma cell myeloma (PCM) patients suffered after the Chornobyl disaster and patients who were in contact with ionizing radiation within the natural radiation background, based on comparison with population controls to determine their contribution as genetic markers of disease risk. Materials and methods. Molecular genetic studies of polymorphism of cytokine genes (TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ) and complex frequency analysis of occurrence in three-, four-, and five-locus combinations of their allelic variants as prognostic markers of the risks of plasma cell myeloma was carried out in 102 patients - 56 victims of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident and 46 patients irradiated within the limits of the natural radiation background, in comparison with the control group (364 practically healthy people, residents of the Central geno-geographical region of Ukraine). Results. The same probable increase in the prevalence of the TGF-β genotype codon10 T/T of the TGF-β1 gene was established in the groups of patients irradiated after the Chornobyl NPP accident and non-irradiated patients. In patients with plasma cell myeloma a protective effect for IL-10 -1082 A/G and an association with the risk of disease occurrence for IL-10 -1082 G/G were determined. Conclusion. Probable difference in the frequency of the TGF-β1 genotype codon10 T/T of the TGF-β1 gene in the observed groups relative to the control group provides grounds for considering this single-nucleotide polymorphism of the TGF-β1 gene as an immunogenetic factor of predisposition to the development of PCM independent of exogenous factors. The study of the contribution of multigene combinations of «gene-gene» interaction indicates their role in the mechanisms of plasma cell myeloma occurrence and confirms the presence of an additive interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences / İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Emergency & Intensive Care Medicine / Çocuk Acil ve Voğun Bakım Dergisi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Maxillofacial trauma (MFT) is a frequent presentation in the emergency department (ED) which requires a multidisciplinary approach. Although, its etiology and diversity of injuries are almost similar worldwide, the causes may differ among the countries depending on the sociocultural and environmental factors and local traffic regulations. This study aims to evaluate etiologies of maxillofacial traumas (MFTs) in ED and to compare etiologies of MFTs during COVID-19 pandemic with the previous year. Patients and Methods: Totally 84 (61 males, 23 females) patients admitted to ED of our center with MFT between March 15th -- April 30th, 2020 were included. The control group consisted of 148 (112 males, 36 females) MFT patients admitted to ED in the previous year (March 15th-April 30th, 2019). Data including age, sex, cause of trauma, treatment, and COVID-19 infection status within 14 days after ED admission were compared between groups. Results: Mean age was 31.88±2.53 years in the patient group and 31.40±1.74 years in the control group. Number of patients admitted to ED with MFTs decreased by 43.3% during pandemic compared to the previous year. Majority of MFTs occurred at home, followed by public places, traffic, and workplaces in both time periods. During pandemic, the rate of home accidents increased and MFTs occurred in the public places decreased. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic-mandated social restrictions lead to a decrease in the number of MFTs. However, home accidents are the main cause of MFTs. Spread of COVID-19 infection in the hospital setting can be minimized with necessary precautions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding first aid towards home related injuries among mothers of children less than 5 years of age at tertiary care hospital of Islamabad. Methods: A questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted in Fauji Foundation Hospital Islamabad. 400 participants were selected using convenience sampling the mother of children under 5 years of age were included and mother of children with any major co morbidity, congenital abnormalities and who didn't give consent were excluded from the study. A pretested, structured, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection after obtaining permission from Institutional Ethical Committee. Statistical analysis was carried using SPSS version 20. Frequencies and percentages were computed, descriptive statistical analysis was done. Chi-Square was applied for association between socio demographic variables and knowledge of mothers regarding first aid. Results: About 44% of the mothers and 63% children fall in age group of 31 and 2-5 years respectively. Half of the mothers (48%) are below intermediate level of education. About 34% of the respondents stated bleeding as most urgent and important injury requiring first aid. Regarding attitudes, 50% of the mothers strongly agree towards necessity of first aid and lack of awareness about dealing with domestic injuries. Sixty-five (65%) of the mothers had given first aid to their child. About 33%, 75%, 44% and 39% of the mothers have faced a child with difficulty in breathing; bleeding, burning and insect/sibling bite respectively. Age of mother (p=0.041), education of mother (p=0.001) and total no of children (p=0.001) were significantly associated with knowledge of first aid. Conclusion: Although home accidents are a common problem, mother's knowledge regarding home accidents was deficient although majority of the respondents have positive attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The military profession includes challenging training conditions and common musculoskeletal injuries can be seen. The aim of this study is to profile the common musculoskeletal injuries observed in soldiers serving as contracted soldiers and sergeants within the Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) and to be a source for strategies that can be developed to prevent them. Methods: Musculoskeletal injuries in the military population people were screened from the hospital records. Musculoskeletal injuries were examined according to their localization in the body, mechanism of occurrence, the relationship between military activity and the loss of work force after the injury. Results: Musculoskeletal injuries in a military population of 600 were screened from hospital records (n = 108 9.3%). It was observed that the knee circumference was most frequently affected (n = 36, 33.3%). Soft tissue injury was the most common type of injury (n = 50, 46.2%). Military walks and sports activities were the most common activities that caused injury (n = 8 1, 7 5%). The most affected group was 25 years and younger (n = 5 2, 4 8.1%). Two weeks to one y ear, depending on the severity of injury, workforce loss was observed. Discussion and Conclusion: Strategies should be developed to prevent soft tissue and knee musculoskeletal injuries during military walks and sports activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of genetic variations and polymorphisms on endurance performance, muscle strength and injury susceptibility in competitive sports. The electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies. The study quality was assessed using the RoBANS tool. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (1) human study in English or German; (2) published in the period 2015–2019; (3) investigation of an association between genetic variants and endurance performance and/or muscle strength and/or endurance/strength training status as well as ligament, tendon, or muscle injuries; (4) participants aged 18–60 years and national or international competition participation; (5) comparison with a control group. Nineteen studies and one replication study were identified. Results revealed that the IGF-1R 275124 A>C rs1464430 polymorphism was overrepresented in endurance trained athletes. Further, genotypes of PPARGC1A polymorphism correlated with performance in endurance exercise capacity tests in athletes. Moreover, the RR genotype of ACTN3 R577X polymorphism, the C allele of IGF-1R polymorphism and the gene variant FTO T>A rs9939609 and/or their AA genotype were linked to muscle strength. In addition, gene variants of MCT1 (T1470A rs1049434) and ACVR1B (rs2854464) were also positively associated with strength athletes. Among others, the gene variants of the MMP group (rs591058 and rs679620) as well as the polymorphism COL5A1 rs13946 were associated with susceptibility to injuries of competitive athletes. Based on the identified gene variants, individualized training programs for injury prevention and optimization of athletic performance could be created for competitive athletes using gene profiling techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]