Search

The Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality-Lexical Rating Scale (CAPP-LRS) is a self-report instrument designed to index psychopathy according to the CAPP psychopathy framework. Developed with the expressed goal of advancing the state of knowledge regarding the specific features of psychopathy, the CAPP model and associated instruments have garnered increasing attention and support in the field. Despite the conceptual strength of the CAPP model, the advanced lexical structure of its primary research tool (the CAPP-LRS) has led researchers to question the utility of the instrument for use with some populations of interest (e.g., forensic/correctional and adolescent/young adult samples). The aim of the present work was to address this issue by creating a lexically simplified, though functionally equivalent, version of the CAPP-LRS to increase accessibility to critically relevant populations. A set of two studies ( N = 602) describes the adaptation protocol and the initial validation of the modified instrument.

There is currently no comprehensive tool to assess the functional health literacy (HL) skills of chronic airway disease (CAD) patients. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a new HL measure, the Vancouver Airways Health Literacy Tool (VAHLT). The tool was developed through the following phases: (1) Tool conceptualization , consisting of: (A) a systematic review (SR), (B) focus group sessions with CAD patients to understand barriers and facilitators to CAD management, (C) a survey with key-informants to obtain strategies to mitigate self-management barriers and validate patient-derived topics, and (D) respiratory physicians' review of the topics; (2) Scenario and item development; and (3) Tool testing and content validation . The SR identified the lack of a valid HL measurement tool for CAD patients. Patients provided an initial shortlist of disease-related self-care topics. Key-informants helped to finalize topics for inclusion. Respiratory physicians and patients contributed to the development of a scenario-based questionnaire, which was refined during three rounds of testing to develop a 44-item instrument comprising nine self-management passages. We highlight the holistic process of integrating information from the literature with knowledge gained from key stakeholders into our tool framework. Our approach to stakeholder engagement may be of interest to researchers developing similar tools, and could facilitate the development and testing of HL-based interventions to ultimately improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden on the healthcare system.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), is a heritable common cause of blindness world-wide. To identify risk loci, we conduct a large multi-ethnic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on a total of 34,179 cases and 349,321 controls, identifying 44 previously unreported risk loci and confirming 83 loci that were previously known. The majority of loci have broadly consistent effects across European, Asian and African ancestries. Cross-ancestry data improve fine-mapping of causal variants for several loci. Integration of multiple lines of genetic evidence support the functional relevance of the identified POAG risk loci and highlight potential contributions of several genes to POAG pathogenesis, including SVEP1, RERE, VCAM1, ZNF638, CLIC5, SLC2A12, YAP1, MXRA5, and SMAD6. Several drug compounds targeting POAG risk genes may be potential glaucoma therapeutic candidates.

Hundreds of total hip replacements in dogs have been performed at the Ohio State University of Veterinary Medicine since August 1976. Dogs with disabling diseases or conditions of the hip are candidates for the THR. The technique provides the dog with a pain free, mechanically sound ball and socket joint. The most commonly encountered complication is dislocation, while the most disastrous complication is infection. Complications can be minimized through adherence to detail during the procedure. By following strict aseptic principles, surgical technique and postoperative care, successful hip function has been achieved in 94.7% of the cases.

The radiographic and histologic healing patterns of fresh cancellous bone allografts were compared with those of fresh cancellous autografts in dogs. Two groups of allografts were studied: 1 group of littermate pairs with minor histocompatibility mismatches, and 1 group of unrelated pairs with major histocompatibility mismatches. Pairs were chosen on the basis of preoperative serologic typing and mixed lymphocyte cultural assay of lymphocyte-defined compatibility. Generally, grafts with minor mismatches and autografts achieved bony union in 6 weeks with grafted bone serving as a scaffold for new bone formation. Grafts with major mismatches were resorbed and replaced by fibrocartilage. Healing of osteotomy sites grafted with mismatched bone occurred by ingrowth of host periosteal and endosteal new bone.

Seven fracture-associated sarcomas developed in large-breed dogs after stabilization of comminuted long bone fractures with stainless steel plates and screws. In most cases, the healing pattern of the fractures was disturbed. The mean interval between fracture occurrence and tumor diagnosis was 5.5 years. Radiographically, the sarcomas were typified by smooth-bordered subperiosteal proliferation and soft tissue mineralization. Cortical destruction was variable. Several histologic subtypes of osteosarcoma were seen. Four sarcomas had a marked inflammatory cell component and 5 of the dogs had clinical evidence of chronic infection. These findings were similar to those in 35 previously reported fracture-associated sarcomas, even though many types of fixation devices in addition to plates, as well as no fixation at all, were represented in these cases. Fracture-associated sarcomas most frequently were found to be diaphyseal, and the femur accounted for almost half of the sarcomas reported.

A total of 43 fractures of the distal tibia in dogs and cats were evaluated for fracture patterns, methods of stabilization, and time to bone union. Fractures of the metaphysis (9.3%), physis (30.9%), epiphysis (2.3%), and malleoli (58.2%) were classified. Open reduction and internal fixation, with combinations of Kirschner wire, orthopedic wire, and bone screws, were the methods of fixation used in the majority of fractures. These relatively simple methods of fixation were applied to all sizes of dogs and cats and resulted in an average bone healing time of 6 weeks.

Bilateral midshaft femoral osteotomies were fixed with a 3-mm fracture gap in 6 dogs. In each dog, one femur was fixed with a porous titanium-surfaced bone plate and screws, whereas the opposite femur was fixed with a standard smooth-surfaced bone plate and screws. The mean removal torque for porous titanium-surfaced screws (32.3 kg X cm) was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than the mean removal torque for standard screws (4.4 kg X cm). Osseous tissue ingrowth into the surface of porous titanium-surfaced screws was verified by histologic examination of the bone-screw interface. Radiographic and histologic examinations of the osteotomy gaps showed accelerated primary gap healing in osteotomies fixed with porous titanium-coated implants, compared with slower callus healing seen in osteotomies fixed with standard smooth-surfaced implants.

Fracture of the capital femoral epiphysis occurred in three foals. One fracture was repaired by means of pinning under radiographic control and the two other fractures were repaired by means of trochanteric osteotomy.

A craniolateral approach to the canine elbow was developed. It provides for direct visualization of the distal humeral articular surface, thus facilitating precise repair of condylar fractures. Inasmuch as the primary supporting ligamentous and tendinous structures are not incised, a stable postoperative joint with normal range of motion can be achieved.

Ten dogs and 1 cat with 12 chronically infected bones were treated surgically by means of saucerization, primary internal or external rigid fixation, and open irrigation drainage. After formation of a healthy granulation bed, autogenous cancellous bone grafting and skin closure were performed. Eleven of 12 bones healed 4 to 7 weeks (mean, 4.8 weeks) after treatment, without recurrence of infection. Eight of 12 chronically infected bones had a polymicrobial infection, with 2 to 6 bacterial species isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from 7 of the 12 bones, and anaerobic bacteria were isolated twice.

One hundred ninety-five fractures of the canine and feline tibial diaphysis were reviewed. Signalment of the animal; cause, location, and description of the fracture; treatment of the fracture, and response of the fracture to treatment were evaluated. Spiral and oblique fracture patterns were the most frequent in both juvenile (animals less than 12 months old) and adult animals (animals more than 12 months old). Comminuted fractures and open fractures were seen more commonly in the adult animal. Closed reduction and external coaptation as a method of repair was used more frequently in juveniles and open reduction and internal fixation was used more frequently in adults. When open reduction and internal fixation was used, pins, wires, and Kirschner Ehmer external splints were used more frequently in juveniles, and plate and screw fixation of the fracture was used more frequently in adults. The time to bone union varied with age of the animal and method of fixation. Healing times increased in adults, and increased as the stability of the fracture fixation increased. Complications included osteomyelitis and nonunions. Nonunions developed in 4.1% of the fractures not lost to follow-up.

A ventrolateral approach to the sacroiliac joint is described as an alternative to the dorsolateral approach for the repair of sacroiliac dislocations and sacral wing fractures. The technique described here usually is performed blindly with digital palpation; however, the approach may be extended craniodorsally, allowing direct visualization of the sacroiliac joint. This technique facilitates reduction and stable fixation, with good purchase of the implants in the sacrum, for the repair of sacroiliac fracture-dislocation. This method of repair was used on 20 patients, with good to excellent clinical results.

Brucella canis was isolated from the cement or bone surrounding a hip prosthesis after total hip replacement was performed for treatment of hip dysplasia in 2 dogs. Lameness or signs of infection were not evident for 9 and 16 months after surgery. Osteomyelitis surrounding the prostheses was detected radiographically only after the lameness developed. The origin of the B canis infection in the 2 dogs was believed to be hematogenous because of the biologic behavior of this organism and because of the duration of excellent limb function after hip replacement. A slide agglutination test for B canis should be performed as a screening test on any canine total hip candidate when the anamnesis and physical examination indicate that the dog may have been exposed to or infected with B canis.