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Additional file 4: Supplementary file 4. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d and h) corresponding to adjusted models two and three for both genders.

Additional file 3: Supplementary file 3. STROBE-nut checklist.

Previous research indicates that programmes employing Hellison?s Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model in physical activity have had a positive impact on youth development by increasing participants? positive values, autonomy, life skills, and prosocial behaviour. Despite encouraging results of the effects of TPSR-based programmes, there remains lack of research on the effective content of these programmes, and their implementation and evaluation. The current protocol article describes the development of a TPSR-based instructor training programme and a plan for an intervention study in which novice instructors learn to understand and apply the TPSR model in practice. The participants of the TPSR-based training intervention study are novice instructors who are matched and randomly allocated to a 20-hour TPSR-based training intervention and a six-hour control instructor training without the TPSR content. The proposed study examines whether the intervention is effective in teaching novice physical activity instructors to understand and apply the TPSR model, whether the instructors? personal and social responsibility develops, and whether the training intervention is feasible.

Additional file 2: Supplementary file 2. Description of the covariates.

Additional file 1: Supplementary file 1. Statistical analyses used for identifying the leisure-time physical activity trajectories and the description of the trajectories.

This study aimed to investigate the associations of competitive sport participation in adolescence and age at menarche (AAM) with body composition, femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), physical performance, and physical activity (PA) in middle-aged women. 1098 women aged 47&ndash, 55 years formed the sample of this retrospective study. Participants self-reported their PA level at age 13&ndash, 16 years and AAM. The protocol also included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, physical performance tests, and accelerometer-measured PA. Participants were divided into three groups according to their PA level at the age of 13&ndash, 16 (no exercise, regular PA, and competitive sport) and according to their AAM (&le, 12, 13, and &ge, 14 years). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, participation in competitive sport at age 13&ndash, 16 was associated with higher midlife lean mass and BMD, and better physical performance compared to groups with no exercise or regular PA. Individuals with AAM &ge, 14 years had lower midlife BMI and fat mass than participants in the other AAM groups and pre- and perimenopausal women with AAM &ge, 14 years had lower BMD than those with AAM &le, 12. The findings indicate that participation in competitive sport in adolescence is associated with healthier body composition, higher BMD, and better physical performance in midlife, but BMD might be impaired if menarche occurs late.

Additional file 1: Appendix A Figure S1. Timeline of the PETALS Trial. Appendix B Table S1. Description of the Teacher-Training Program: Content and Matched Behavior Change Techniques for Each Session [90]. Appendix C Table S2. Measures, Data Collection Time Points, and Methods in the PETALS Intervention. Appendix D Processing of IPAQ Data [91]. Appendix E Table S3. Differences Between Completers and Non-Completers on Baseline Characteristics [67]. Appendix F Table S4. Descriptive and Reliability Statistics of Key Variables at Baseline [67]. Table S5. Pearson’s Correlations Between Key Variables at Baseline. Appendix G Table S6. Descriptive Statistics for Trans-Contextual Model Constructs over Time.

Introduction: Despite substantial interest in the development of health behaviors, there is limited research that has examined the longitudinal relationship between physical activity (PA) and smoking trajectories from youth to adulthood in a Finnish population. This study aimed to identify trajectories of smoking and PA for males and females, and study the relationship between these trajectories from youth to adulthood. Methods: Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify trajectories of smoking and PA separately for males and females among 3355 Finnish adults (52.1% females). Participants&rsquo, smoking and PA were assessed five to eight times over a 31-year period (3&ndash, 18 years old at the baseline, 34&ndash, 49 years at last follow-up). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship between the trajectories of smoking and PA. Results: Five smoking trajectories and four to five PA trajectories were identified for males and females. Of the PA trajectory groups, the persistently active group were least likely to follow the trajectories of regular smoking and the inactive and low active groups were least likely to follow non-smoking trajectory group. Likewise, inactive (women only) and low active groups were less likely to belong to the non-smokers group. Conclusions: The study suggests that those who are persistently active or increasingly active have substantially reduced probabilities of being in the highest-risk smoking categories.

Table S4. Quality assessment checklist and quality scores of the included studies. (PDF 180 kb)

Hieman reilu kolmasosa suomalaislapsista ja -nuorista liikkui suosituksen mukaan – toimintarajoitteita kokevista joka neljäs. Lasten ja nuorten liikunnalle antamien merkitysten kirjo oli kaventunut ja esteet vahvistuneet, vaikka koettu pätevyys ja liikuntamotivaatio olivat korkealla. Suurin osa lapsista ja nuorista kannatti urheilun eettisten sääntöjen noudattamista. Säännöllinen liikkuminen oli myönteisesti yhteydessä koettuun terveyteen. Säännöllisesti liikkuvilla oli myös vähemmän yksinäisyyden kokemuksia. nonPeerReviewed

PETALS measures. Measures, data collection time points and methods in the PETALS intervention. Overview of measures, data collection time points and methods in the PETALS intervention including main outcome measure, secondary outcome measure, mediating measures, additional measures, teacher measures, parenting measures and demographic measures. (DOCX 17 kb)

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Jyväskylän yliopiston liikuntatieteellisestä tiedekunnasta valmistuivat maaliskuussa 2019 ensimmäiset akateemiselta pohjalta ponnistavat personal trainerit. Koulutuksessa yhdistyivät teoria ja käytäntö. Jokainen opiskelija kehitti taitojaan kolme kuukautta kestäneen henkilökohtaisen valmennussuhteen avulla. nonPeerReviewed

Table S3. Characteristics of the included studies, physical activity trajectories and related factors reported, and main findings in each study. (PDF 462 kb)

Table S2. Details of the search strategy. (PDF 247 kb)

Objective: To investigate participation and effectiveness of a multiyear comprehensive workplace health promotion (WHP) program. Methods: Participation and effectiveness data came from employer and vendor systems. Health data came from health risk assessments (HRA) and biometric screenings. Participation and effectiveness were analyzed using descriptive analyses, T-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests where appropriate. Overall impact was assessed using the PIPE Impact Metric. Results: 86% of employees completed the HRA and 80% the biometrical screenings. Annual participation rate was 24%, and total reach was 58%. The portion of successful participants was 23% in 2010–2013 and 18% in 2014–2017. PIPE Impact scores were 18% for 2010–2013 and 14% for the 2014–2017 study periods. Conclusion: Despite modest annual participation rates, overall eight year reach was considered reasonable. Conservatively, we consider the overall program impact to be moderate. peerReviewed

Forest plot. Physical activity trajectories divided into categories by age group. (PDF 264 kb)